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Background: Parent involvement strongly correlates with children's educational attainment. Sociocultural shifts in parenting roles and shared responsibilities have driven an increase in the need for involvement of fathers in activities to support their children's educational development. Several factors are thought to influence father involvement in children's education; however, the most salient factors remain unclear. Aims: To examine which variables correlate with father involvement in their children's education using a combination of demographic, parent-related and employment-related variance. Sample: A total of 166 fathers of at least one child aged 6-17 years and residing across five industrialized Western countries participated in an online survey. Method: Hierarchical multiple regression analysis (HMRA) was performed to examine the total and incremental variance using regression models including demographic, parenting- and employment-related variables linked to educational involvement. Results and Conclusions: The variables included in the current study could explain a large and statistically significant 34% of the variability in fathers' educational involvement. Of these variables, only four were statistically significant in the final model. Specifically, fathers were more likely to be engaged in their children's education when their children were younger, and when parent self-efficacy, positive work-to-family interface and financial anxiety were high. The study's findings indicate that a positive work environment can help fathers better support their children's education, offering a new focus for future interventions and policies. This includes those focused on targeting work-related constructs to optimize family functioning.

This qualitative phenomenological study explores the experiences of parents of children with special needs in Turkey, specifically their encounters with Guidance and Research Centers (GRCs) during the process of obtaining educational assessment reports. Through semi-structured interviews with 25 parents, the study reveals complex emotions and concerns over the assessment process, including the adequacy of assessment tools, the duration of evaluations, and the involvement of parents in the decision-making process. While many parents expressed satisfaction with the outcomes, significant issues were highlighted, such as the lack of communication between professionals and families and discrepancies in the accuracy of assessments and placement decisions. The research underscores the need for a more collaborative approach between parents and professionals, emphasizing the importance of improved communication, enhanced diversity of assessment tools, and longer evaluation periods to ensure a fairer and more comprehensive understanding of each child's unique needs. The findings also suggest that greater parental involvement in the assessment and placement processes could lead to better educational outcomes and increased satisfaction for families. These insights have important implications for future policy and practice in special education assessment and support in Turkey.

The field of early intervention is rapidly expanding. Individuals trained in Human Development and Family Science programs are uniquely situated for work in this setting, due to their diverse understanding of human development, from birth through death, and the role of the family system in influencing development. More specifically, individuals from this academic discipline can employ a family systems theory and bioecological theory perspectives to inform their intervention work. The unique insight these theories provide to enhance early intervention work will be discussed and then applied using an actual case study. Though family systems theory and bioecological theory do have limitations in this field, namely their inability to explain a behavioral change and non-linear orientation, the authors feel the benefits of both these theoretical perspectives for explaining family contexts outweigh the limitations.

This study aims to examine parents' views on parental involvement in preschool English language teaching. Today, as parents realize their roles, they have started to play a more active role in their children's educational process. In this period when children need their parents' support the most, parents need to turn this situation into an opportunity and contribute to their children's foreign language acquisition process. For this reason, this study examined the views of parents on their participation in this process in the preschool period, which is considered to be very important in terms of foreign language acquisition. It is predicted that this study will shed light on parents' thoughts about their participation in the preschool foreign language education process and will benefit the studies to be carried out to make English language teaching more effective in the preschool period. In this study, the case study design, one of the qualitative research designs, was used to obtain parents' views on their involvement in preschool English language teaching. A total of 15 parents, consisting of eight fathers and seven mothers, whose children received preschool English education in different schools in Afyonkarahisar province in Turkey, voluntarily participated in the study. In this study, the parents' opinions about their involvement in English language teaching were obtained through semi-structured interview forms. As a result of the study, it was found that although almost all the parents adopted the view that parental involvement was necessary when the situation of supporting their children's English learning at home was examined, it was found that they could not support their children in their English learning process due to limited time, insufficient English level, the view that school alone is sufficient and similar reasons. It is concluded that parents who thought that their English level was insufficient for their children's participation in the English language learning process, remained passive in this process and were not informed about how they could participate in the foreign language teaching process of their children.

Executive function skills are crucial for children in the 21st century, serving as indicators of their readiness for learning. Children with well-developed executive function skills can effectively accomplish various tasks, solve problems using diverse strategies, and collaborate with others happily. This research aims to: 1. Identify the necessity for fostering executive function skills among early childhood students in Nonthaburi Province. 2. Analyze the causes underlying the necessity to promote executive function skills in early childhood students. 3. Propose strategies to enhance executive function skills in early childhood students. The research consists of two phases. Phase 1 involves identifying the necessity for developing executive function skills among early childhood students, with a sample group comprising 12 volunteer kindergarten teachers randomly selected from 12 classrooms and 328 early childhood students aged 5 to 5 years 11 months (162 boys and 166 girls). The research instrument used is the MU.EF-101 assessment. Data analysis involves calculating the mean and standard deviation of T-scores for working memory, inhibitory control, and shift/cognitive flexibility. Phase 2 analyzes the causes of necessity and proposes strategies to promote executive function skills in early childhood students. The data sources for this phase are 12 teachers, and the research instruments include fishbone diagram recording forms and group discussion recording forms. Findings suggest that parental involvement is crucial in training children to perform tasks independently and in teaching children patience. Additionally, teachers should analyze children's behaviors to plan appropriate learning activities based on their context. Teachers must encourage children to think and make decisions independently, encourage when mistakes occur, and ensure the availability of suitable tools and toys that promote the development of executive function skills in early childhood students, which teachers or parents can conveniently utilize.

This paper focuses on the experiences of ten women in Canada with refugee backgrounds from the Horn of Africa as they helped their adolescent children (ages 12-18) navigate the challenges of at-home online learning during the global COVID-19 pandemic. We situate our analysis within specific aspects of Yosso's (2005) Community Cultural Wealth framework to demonstrate that, while the women's efforts were hampered by online learning technologies, they were able to harness aspirational and familial capital to keep their children engaged in schoolwork. The women felt deeply involved in their children's education, particularly in terms of following up on children's homework, monitoring their activities, and providing guidance.

This paper investigated the literacy practices, challenges, and coping strategies of the More Knowledgeable Others (MKO) in helping the learners accomplish literacy tasks included in the online and modular worksheets during the lockdown period because of COVID-19 pandemic. MKO is a person who has a better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner; this includes the teachers, the parents, and the guardians. This study focused on the parents and guardians as they assume two significant roles during the time of pandemic, namely a teacher and a parent. Two hundred six parents and guardians were surveyed, and selected respondents were requested to participate in the semi-structured interview to provide opportunities to express their experiences during the pandemic. The results revealed that MKO's practices include their role as a: (1) support in children's school tasks; (2) spending read aloud time with their children; and (3) their use of Internet and gadgets. For the challenges, four subthemes emerged: (1) duality of roles; (2) lack of knowledge and skills; (3) Internet connectivity; and (4) financial challenges. With the challenges come MKO's coping strategies: (1) managing time wisely; (2) they provide unfathomable moral support; and (3) their faith in God. With the findings, this paper recommends creation of consultative body among parents so they can be included in the curriculum design for the education of their children.

Translanguaging theory highlights the dynamic use of multiple languages and communication modes by multilingual people in their daily experiences. Museums are informal family learning spaces where multilingual families use languages and other semiotic resources to create learning opportunities for their children. Using a microethnographic approach to discourse analysis and multimodal interaction analysis, I examined how a multilingual family uses translanguaging practices to organize their family learning in museums and the role of pointing gestures as part of their translanguaging repertoires in multilingual family learning. The analysis of two literacy events highlights that a child and his mother translanguaged with various semiotic resources to organize museum performances, joint attention, and telling, and that pointing gestures played a role in constructing a translanguaging space as they organized the two performances. Pointing involved the family in reading signage texts and allowed the mother to translate them for the child. Viewing translation as part of the translanguaging repertoire, this study recognizes the importance of the role of pointing gestures in constructing family learning at museums, enriching children's schooling and literacy learning in classrooms. I argue that recognizing pointing as a critical component of translanguaging allows educators to develop strategies that leverage families' unique repertoires to support multilingual students' language and literacy learning.

The present study examined both mothers' reports and adolescents' perceptions of parents' educational involvement and their effects on the adolescents' functioning in school. The sample was drawn from 5 urban schools in Israel. Participants were 449 eighth grade students/adolescents (Female = 47%) and 126 mothers. Adolescents and their mothers completed parallel parents' educational involvement questionnaires, and adolescents completed questionnaires on learning strategies and self-evaluation. Multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses, based on the mothers' reports and adolescents' perceptions of parents' educational involvement revealed three factors: home-based, school-based, and communication-based knowledge of adolescents' activities in school. The analysis showed no relation between mothers' reports and adolescents' perceptions. However, adolescents' perceptions of their parents' educational involvement were significant predictors of the adolescents' learning strategies, self-evaluation, and academic achievement. Findings underline the congruence and incongruence between mothers and their adolescents, and the significant role parents play in their adolescents' schooling according to the adolescents' perceptions.

We examined parent activation in families with autistic children over time. Activation is one's belief, knowledge, and persistence in obtaining and managing one's care (e.g., patient activation) and others (e.g., parent activation) and is associated with better outcomes. Four aims were examined: the associations between baseline parent activation and follow up treatment/outcome, between changes in activation and changes in treatment/outcome, differences in activation and treatment/outcome across demographic groups (e.g., gender, race, ethnicity, and income) and comparison of results using three different assessment approaches of parent activation, the Guttman scale (standard approach) and two factor subscales (Yu et al., in J Autism Dev Disord 53:110-120, 2023). The first factor tapped into behaviors aligned with highly active, assertive parental actions (Factor 1: Activated). The second tapped into behaviors representative of uncertainty, passivity, being overwhelmed, with growing awareness of the need for activation (Factor 2: Passive). Findings varied with assessment methods applied. The two subscales assessment approach produced the strongest effect sizes. Baseline activation was related to "improved" child outcomes at follow-up for Factor 1: Activated and to "poorer" child outcomes at follow-up for Factor 2: Passive. Changes in activation were unrelated to changes in treatment/outcomes. Outcomes differed based on the activation assessment approach used. Against expectations, activation remained the same over time. Further, no differences in outcomes were observed based on race, ethnicity, or family income. The results suggest that parent activation may behave differently than patient activation based on prior studies. More research is warranted on activation of parents of autistic children.

Autistic children often require support in various competencies during early childhood. Parents and practitioners must collaborate for optimal child outcomes. Previous research indicates that parent-mediated learning supports children's social communication, encourages parent-practitioner collaboration, and fosters parental feelings of support. However, there are limited studies on parent experiences with this intervention approach. The present study explored parent experiences with a new telehealth parent-mediated learning intervention designed to support children's turn taking. Thematic analysis of 10 transcribed intervention sessions revealed the benefits of a mutual parent-practitioner relationship, parental feelings of support, and parent intervention acceptability. These findings are consistent with other studies on the parent-mediated learning approach and have implications for future practices in early intervention. Further research with multiple parents may provide additional insight into this intervention model's acceptability and supportive nature.

Existing research on the implementation of special education (SE) has consistently documented racial inequities in the law's implementation. We present a new theoretical framework to guide future research. SE law requires parents to act as initiators, developers, and enforcers in the implementation of SE policy. Drawing from law and society research, we demonstrate how the law's design contributes to structural inequalities because it conscripts parents to work as policy agents. Parents may not be adequately resourced for their role, which contributes to inequalities and makes structural changes difficult. We argue that this framework may shift approaches to research within and beyond SE, helping to reorient approaches to understanding parents' roles and the reproduction of inequities within educational policy implementation.

When calamity hits humanity in the form of natural disasters, they appear unannounced. The same applies to the recent destructive and disruptive COVID-19 pandemic. During the early days of this pandemic, life activities were halted abruptly. Global education systems were not spared - most institutions were caught napping and forced to close. The educational development of children was adversely affected by the hard lockdown and stringent restrictions that followed the outbreak of the pandemic. The role that parents had to play in the education of their children needed to evolve to meet the new demands. The researchers approached this study from a qualitative interpretivist philosophical stance to interview principals, teachers, and parents. In addition, this paper was located within Coleman's social capital theory. Amongst the key findings that emerged from the study were serious challenges regarding parents' cooperation during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely, communication challenges between the school and home, increased learner absenteeism, and failure by learners to do schoolwork. Finally, the study also found that some parents were disinterested and disengaged from the schools. This study is significant because it provides epistemological insights and understanding of the challenges schools experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Without exception, all participants felt strongly that the involvement of parents in a child's education during a pandemic such as COVID-19 is significant. According to Durisic and Bunijevac (2017), the more actively parents are involved in their children's learning, the more benefits are achieved. In contrast, there often seems to be little to no collaboration between the school and the home in ensuring that their common goal of seeing the child succeed is achieved. This is in harmony with the findings of Porumbu and Necsoi (2013) who intimate that, sometimes, parents may feel like they are doing everything to help their children, but due to lack of communication between the parents and the school, the school may feel as though involvement is lacking. The study was limited to only three schools and only nine participants were subjected to semi-structured interviews. The study provided epistemological insights regarding the cooperation and involvement of parents during the trying circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provided the findings which are critical for theory, practice and policy to the education systems regarding future disasters.

Despite increased interest in K-12 online education, student engagement deficits and the resulting student attrition remain widespread issues. The Academic Communities of Engagement (ACE) framework theorizes that two groups support online student engagement: the personal community of support and the course community of support. However, more evidence is needed to understand how members of these communities, especially parents, support students in various contexts. Using insights gleaned from 14 semistructured interviews of parents with students enrolled in online secondary school, this study adds support to the roles identified in the ACE framework by presenting real examples of parents supporting their online students' affective, behavioral, and cognitive engagement. Findings also confirm patterns found in previous research that are not explained using the ACE framework, such as parental advocacy, communication with teachers, and self-teaching. We discuss how a systems approach to conceptualizing the ACE communities allows the framework to more accurately capture parents' perceived experiences within the personal community of support. We also discuss implications for both practitioners and members of students' support structures.

Young children's instinctive curiosity is essential in early childhood science education. Efficacious science education is associated with the characteristics of a qualified science program and an effective learning environment. The out-of-school learning environments make it easier to achieve the aims of science education in early childhood with their opportunities and advantages. This single case study aimed to reveal the views of the parents of children aged 60-72 months who participated in an early childhood science program that included science activities in out-of-school learning environments, in the classroom, and at home. The program, which included parent involvement activities in the classroom, out-of-school learning environments and at home, was implemented for seven weeks. After completing all activities of the program, the data obtained from the interviews with the parents were analyzed. The findings showed that parents were interested in science and supported their children regarding science subjects, spent time at home on science activities, and visited out-of-school learning environments with their children. It was determined that the out-of-school learning activities of the program contributed a lot to the child, and the studies of parent involvement at home contributed variously for both the child and the parents. The program was effective as a whole and parents requested its implementation throughout the school year. Based on these findings, in this research, we discussed the importance of frequently including science activities in out-of-school learning environments and classroom activities in early childhood and the parents' involvement in the science education process as valuable stakeholders. [This research was presented as an oral presentation at the X. International Congress of Educational Research in Türkiye (Nevsehir) on 27-30 April 2018.]

We report on a project to support teachers and district administrators working with multilingual learners as they deepened relationships and understandings with multilingual families in five Oregon school districts. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which radically shifted the ways educators engaged with students' families, we repurposed this ongoing research to answer the question: How did teachers' and supporting administrators' conceptions of and actions to promote multilingual family engagement shift in response to the COVID-19 pandemic? Further influenced by the concurrent national protests for racial justice, we consider how teachers and administrators engaged in liberatory work as they questioned structures that had previously seemed inevitable or unproblematic. Framed using Harro's cycle of liberation, we discuss lessons learned based on systematic data collected from both teachers and administrators from multiple districts and multiple time points before and during pandemic-impacted schooling.

This community-based project explored levels of father-friendliness across local organizations, agencies, and schools. A community coalition of individuals from diverse backgrounds and roles created a community survey to gather quantitative and qualitative information from individuals who worked with children or families. An analysis of survey responses (N=122) led to descriptive and thematic results of how the community served or marginalized fathers. Results were used to guide efforts in father engagement across various professional sectors.

In the study reported on here we looked at experiences of parental involvement in schools in Phoenix, KwaZulu-Natal. The objectives of the study were to determine how parents were involved in schools and what their experiences were. The study was guided by Epstein's Theory of Overlapping Spheres. A qualitative research approach within an interpretivist paradigm was followed. A multiple case design was used and the schools were drawn from privileged and underprivileged contexts in Phoenix. The methodology employed to generate data was the semi-structured interview, followed by an open-ended questionnaire completed by the participants. The sample of participants comprised 3 parents and 3 teachers from each of the 2 schools. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings show that parents from both privileged and underprivileged communities were concerned about and employed a variety of strategies to get involved in their children's education, both academically and socially. Although parents from both schools participated in school events, the level of their participation differed, with the parents from the privileged schools being more involved than parents from the underprivileged school.

School connectedness is associated with a broad range of positive academic and mental health outcomes. A dimension of school connectedness, student-teacher connectedness, is related to improved academic progress and may be an important protective factor against risk-taking behaviors, particularly for low-income students and for those with limited parental support. The purpose of this qualitative secondary data analysis was to explore teacher perceptions of parental involvement in a low-income, rural middle school serving a diverse student population and the influence on student-teacher connectedness. Data were taken from transcripts from five focus groups comprised of middle school teachers, administrators, and clinicians (n = 26). Thematic analysis included first and second cycle coding followed by developing Venn diagrams to depict categories and patterns before reaching consensus on themes. Three themes were identified: (1) parental support of students; (2) parental modeling for students; and (3) parental interaction with teachers. Overall, teachers perceived a lack of parental involvement in this low-income diverse middle school which led to missed connections between students and teachers. This disconnect may be the result of multiple factors, including perceived low levels of parental support for students, differing expectations between parents and teachers, and perceived poor quality interactions between parents and teachers. When formulating strategies to enhance student--teacher connectedness, consideration should be given to the extent and importance of the role of parental involvement.

This study aimed to develop and evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of a web-based platform for parents to support preschoolers' development of physical literacy. Specifically, this intervention focused on children's motor and social-emotional skill development. Twenty parents (M[subscript age] = 35.7, SD = 4.2) of preschool-aged children (M[subscript age] = 4.1, SD = 0.6) were assigned three intervention modules and completed weekly usage and feedback questionnaires (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). Parents (n = 15) also completed a follow-up interview. Parents indicated the modules were useable (4.5/5), useful (4.5/5), feasible (4.4/5), enjoyable (4.5/5), and acceptable (4.5/5). Five themes underlying parental engagement were generated: (a) "activity organization and planning," (b) "(de)motivators," (c) "parent knowledge and skills," (d) "experience with the platform," and (e) "application to everyday routines." The online modules under investigation were deemed both acceptable and feasible by parents. However, factors such as time and knowledge may impact parental engagement at home. Future research is needed to better understand the antecedents to parent physical literacy support behaviors in the early years.

While there are plenty of people who decry the parents' right push, viewing it as manufactured and mean-spirited, Frederick M. Hess and Michael Q. McShane think it has been a healthy and overdue development. Yet while parents have rights, they also have a responsibility to send students to school ready to learn. Schools are ultimately reliant on parents being active partners in preparing their children to be responsible students and citizens. With clear communication and a willingness to listen, families and schools can form more productive partnerships to help students learn.

This study was conducted to investigate the role of the parents of students in the science and technology lessons of the project-based teaching approach. The research was carried out through a case study, one of the qualitative research methods. The data of the study were obtained from semi-structured interviews with 24 students' parents. As a result of the research, it was understood that the parents of the students saw the project as a study aimed at increasing the students' hand skills, thinking skills, and productivity to prepare something new. As a result, it was seen that after the project assignment was given by the teachers, the parents were involved in the process to help their children complete the projects. At the end of the process of doing the project assignments, it was concluded that the parents received informal training, both in one-on-one interviews with the parents who helped their children and in the observations made during the project exhibitions at the school. This situation was important in terms of the informal education of parents. It was also determined that the parents helped their children during the setup and presentation of the project and that they wanted to complete it when wrong or incomplete explanations were made. It was observed that as the contribution of the parents increased during the completion of the projects, the role of the students in the projects decreased and they did not take responsibility. It was concluded that the students thought of family aids as a tool to achieve higher academic success than the project assignments, and therefore the homework deviated from its purpose.

This case study delves into the experiences of three Saudi mothers living in the United States, exploring their evolving understanding of their children's language needs and the obstacles they face as learners of Arabic heritage language (AHL). The study is rooted in the notion of language as a form of capital and Bonny Norton's metaphor of investment in language learning. It examines how AHL serves as a multifaceted form of social, cultural, and academic capital for their children's present and future lives in both the U.S. and Saudi Arabia. Through individual, semi-structured interviews, the study unveils the experiences, motivations, and challenges faced by the mothers in maintaining their children's AHL. The findings illustrate three distinct stages in the children's language learning journey, initially emphasizing English as the predominant language with capital in the U.S. followed by a crucial shift toward recognizing the significance of AHL preservation. Ultimately, this study sheds light on the nuanced role of AHL as an essential asset and its interconnectedness as a dynamic cultural and academic resource. The implications extend to social inclusion and identity formation, enriching our understanding of the intricate interplay between language, culture, and identity development.

Objective: This study utilized the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule version 2 (WHODAS 2.0) to identify vulnerable students and explore the impact of mental and developmental disorders on disability. Participants: A total of 156 undergraduates who visited support service offices at large-scale universities in Japan between April 2018 and March 2020 were included. Methods: The 36-item WHODAS 2.0 was administered, and data were gathered regarding mental and developmental disabilities. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were conducted. Results: Parents/guardians typically initiated consultation with student support services. Students whose parents had initiated consultation did not have higher scores in any WHODAS domain except "Life Activities." In every WHODAS domain except "Cognition," the "Mental Disorder" group scored significantly higher than the "No Disorder" group. The addition of "Developmental Disorders" significantly increased WHODAS scores, except in "Mobility." Conclusions: The WHODAS is a useful tool for identifying vulnerable students.

The importance of parental involvement in children's education cannot be overemphasized. This study aimed to explore the role that parents play in the education of their children in the Giyani Municipality, Limpopo Province South Africa. The study followed Epstein's model of school-parent-community partnerships to understand the participation of parents in the education of their children. A qualitative approach was employed to guide the gathering and analysis of the data. Fifty-eight parents that were purposively selected from the four rural schools participated in the focus group discussions that were audio-recorded. Inductive qualitative thematic analysis was used, and the ethics were observed. The findings revealed the role of parental involvement in their children's education as working with schools, home-schooling, modelling positive attitudes, emotional support, and career counselling. This study has implications for policy and practice in a parent-teacher relationship in rural schools by suggesting that parents should be involved in policy development such as when the curriculum changes.

This text aims to demonstrate the contribution of working-class mothers to supporting their children at school and the social factors that determine the effectiveness of the practices these mothers adopt in their efforts. The mothers' involvement in education is a complex and demanding work. It entails practices directly related to schooling, such as communication with teachers and daily homework management, as well as out-of-school time management for their children in relation to other organized activities (educational, sports, cultural) they may attend. These practices create a distinct educational context that runs in parallel with the educational context of the school. However, mothers do not share the same perceptions and practices. On the contrary, there are differences identified among them, which are directly associated with financial ability and, most importantly, the educational level of the mothers, who seem to be the family member responsible for making decisions in respect with children's education.

There are many varied approaches to involving parents in assessment, but a coherent knowledge base is lacking. To gain a deeper understanding of the role of parental involvement in student learning, we accessed journal articles from three databases following the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses" (PRISMA) guidelines. Two hundred and eleven articles were generated, but upon application of exclusion criteria, 25 articles remained for final analysis. We examined the outcomes and approaches for parental involvement in assessment, including the research focus, countries, school context, research design, the terminology used, definition, and challenges. The findings of our review highlight the competing understandings of parental involvement, geographical, theoretical, and practical gaps. We also highlighted significant areas for future investigations.

This study examines parental engagement in their children's pre-primary education in socioeconomically deprived settings in Tanzania. The study administered a Caregiver Report survey to 384 to parents in rural areas prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, focus group discussions were conducted with 106 parents both before and immediately after the pandemic-related school closures. The findings reveal that parental engagement in their children's schooling and learning at home was below expectations, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents' engagement with their children's learning was hampered by several socio-economic factors. During the pandemic, children from families with a low socio-economic status, and where the parents have a low level of education and were illiterate, were more marginalized in terms of accessing learning. Thus, they might have experienced a greater learning loss because they were neither attending school nor engaging in learning activities at home during the school closures.

People with developmental disabilities (DD) lack access to many aspects of sexuality education and often experience restrictions in romantic relationships. One factor contributing to this lack of access includes parents feeling uncomfortable providing appropriate sexuality education to their children with DD despite being the primary source of this information. To better understand what supports are available to parents, the current thematic review explored the existing literature on sexuality education for individuals with DD that explicitly includes parent involvement. Resulting literature was thematically clustered into four categories (a) parent opinion on curriculum/program content or delivery; (b) parent participation as a training recipient; (c) parent feedback and post-implementation outcomes, and (d) recommendations from program developers on how to better utilize parents. Current literature highlights how parents can have a meaningful role in the development of sexuality programs, and how individuals with DD can greatly benefit from programs that include parent involvement.

Background: In today's society, a growing body of literature attests to the importance of young children's early digital literacy skills in their home environments and how acquisition of these digital literacy skills relates to their future learning and digital literacy. Objectives: Research on young children's digital literacy practices at home was reviewed to explore the positive and negative influences on early learning. This is important due to the children's rapid uptake of online digital technologies over the past decade. Methods: Peer-reviewed research articles on home digital literacy practices of children (aged 0-8 years old) published between 2010 and 2021 from four education databases were carefully selected based upon pre-determined criteria and examined using content analysis. Results and Conclusion: A high proportion of studies (29 of the 31; 93.5%) demonstrated significant benefits of young children gaining a range of skills, including digital operational, early literacy and language, socio-emotional, and STEM, through the use of digital technologies at home. Five of the 31 (16.12%) studies reported negative effects of digital technologies in the home context, including distraction, aggressive behaviour, and false self-confidence. Tablets and smartphone use gained greater momentum in the home context, especially between 2015 and 2021, and there was a positive shift in parental mediation, family involvement, and the children's home digital literacy practices. Implications: By leveraging children's acquisition of digital literacy skills in the home and taking into account the sociocultural context, we can enhance young children's preparation for the future and provide opportunities for skill development across various learning domains.

In China, accompanying parents are a special group supporting inclusive preschool education for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although they lack professional knowledge and skills in children's education, they are required to accompany their children full-time to provide necessary and unique assistance. The present study aims to explore the experiences of accompanying parents of children with ASD in the context of Chinese inclusive preschool education. Semi-structured interviews and observations were conducted with 14 accompanying parents from an inclusive kindergarten. Results showed that the accompanying parents have transitioned across three roles -- from "caregivers" to "educators" to "right defenders." Each role transition resulted from their interaction with different elements in the environment and was aimed at increasing beneficial resources. Therefore, future policies and projects should improve the socioecological conditions of accompanying parents to promote inclusive preschool education in China.

Given that the experiences of Filipino parents around distance learning education amid the COVID-19 pandemic have been overlooked in research, this study used an embedded mixed methods design to survey 837 Filipino parents' needs regarding distance learning of their children under primary level during the pandemic. Findings revealed that although the parents generally appeared ready for the new set-up, certain overwhelming observations regarding their responses indicated their needs and/or concerns. Specifically, they need orientation, training, or workshop on distance learning, knowledge and skills facilitative to distance learning, excellent internet access, support on the psychological burden, consideration of teachers, increase of teacher scaffolds, preference for face-to-face classes, and constant parent-teacher communication. These concerns of the parent-stakeholders in the Philippine educational landscape are pivotal in shaping educational infrastructure during emergency times like the COVID-19 pandemic.

For decades, the role of parental engagement in children's schooling has been central to the promotion of learning and wellbeing outcomes for children. However, the recognition of diverse family structures, including where a child's parents are separated, is largely absent from these models of engagement. Instead, prior research has focussed on the impacts of separation and divorce on children's learning, resulting in a dearth of work on separated parents' experiences of engaging with their children's schools. In order to document these parents' experiences, a qualitative survey was deployed. From this investigation, it is clear that diverse family structures, particularly those where parents are separated, are not well accommodated, or even well understood, in the schooling context. In many cases, however, small adjustments on the part of the school can make significant differences in enhancing parents' successful involvement in their children's education.

This survey-based research explores data from a diverse range of 54 professionals involved in collaborative team working to support children with specific needs. The survey investigated the individual's perception of their own role, and the interactions within the team. The survey collected some quantitative data, such as age and length of time in role, to explore correlations, but it also asked open-ended questions, providing a wealth of qualitative data. While we have focused on relationship dynamics between professionals in previous work, in this article we revisit the data with a specific focus on the positionality and voice of the child and their parents within multi-professional teams. In doing so we find that professionals frequently forget that the child themselves is entitled to a say in the decisions made about them and that the concept of the parent as an expert on their own child is rarely recognised in practice. There is also evidence that the challenging emotions that many parents struggle with during multi-professional working can easily be misread as reluctance or disinterest. All of these findings highlight a need for professionals to take a far more reflective approach to their collaborative work with colleagues, families and children.

The present study focused on exploring the views of parents regarding character education programs implemented in elementary schools in the USA. The sample comprised of parents in Florida, as it is one of the states where character education is mandatory. Florida's implementation of compulsory character education is particularly significant given its unique socio-cultural structure and population dynamics. Also as one of the most populous states in the USA with a diverse and evolving social structure, Florida's emphasis on character education is noteworthy. While there is existing research on teachers' perspectives, there is a lack of sufficient research on parents' beliefs in this regard. Recognizing the significance of parents' views and roles in shaping children's character development, this study investigated parental perspectives on various aspects of character education programs, including goals, content, teaching-learning processes, and evaluation. The research methodology employed in this study is qualitative, utilizing semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 11 parents. The findings provide insights into parents' views on goals, content, teaching-learning and evaluation processes of the character education programs. Parents in the study showcased a strong grasp of character education, emphasizing its importance, expressing satisfaction with schools addressing discrimination and highlighting the relevance of teaching foundational values, addressing negative behaviors, and praising the positive impact of character education programs, especially during challenging times like the pandemic.

Parents are often expected to be the primary implementers of intervention for their young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The provision of a few hours a week of intervention by a trained therapist, in addition to parent-implemented intervention, could increase child outcomes compared to parent-implemented intervention in isolation. This study evaluated the effects of a 12-week parent coaching program based on the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) followed by 12-weeks of therapist-delivered ESDM intervention for four children with ASD. The effects of these interventions on child participation, functional utterances, and imitation were evaluated using a multiple probe across participants design. Children's participation improved during both interventions. Children generally showed greater improvements in imitation with the therapist than with their parents but showed minimal improvements in functional utterances. This suggests there may be some benefit to low-intensity therapy in addition to parent coaching, but more research is needed.

This dynamic research study focused on understanding Latino fatherhood in familial and educational contexts. The sample consisted of 40 Latino fathers who resided in rural northwest Iowa. Various qualitative methods were utilized including an overarching culturally responsive ethnography, testimonios, interviews, and other qualitative inquiry. This study utilized the FCS Body of Knowledge (BOK) and the Human ecosystem model (Bubolz et al., 1979) with cross-cutting themes including the human ecosystem as a framework to examine Latino fathers and to advance family and consumer sciences related to rural Latino communities. The study showed that Latino fathers' perspective on how they engaged in their family lives and children's education was changing compared to earlier generations. Another important finding was how Latino fathers and their communities' demonstrated strengths as they dealt with the pandemic, post pandemic and other social, cultural, political, historical and immigration challenges they faced. Recommendations for practice and research are provided.

The coronavirus pandemic changed everything almost overnight for students and their families. The purpose of this qualitative case study, thus, was to investigate the views of families about the student change in education for their middle school children, particularly literacy practices, during the pandemic. Drawing on Bourdieu's (1984) theoretical framework of cultural capital, coupled with economic status, funds of knowledge, and crisis management, we conducted interviews with four parents. Using the in vivo coding data analysis method, we identified some key preliminary findings: all-day happy hour, the strange disconnection between teachers and parents, and soft and hard approaches to school-home literacy. Participants revealed very distinctive dispositions to make this "school-home" education work on their own. These parental dispositions and new meaning-making from their children's education developed into what we referred to as "parentagogy," as they determined for themselves the skills they would need to use to help their children succeed in their new roles as parent and educators. This study confirms the importance of parental value in education.