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Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for vitreous rebleed (VRB) following 25-gauge sutureless vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage (VH) in diabetic retinopathy. Methods: A retrospective review of 190 diabetic patients having undergone vitrectomy for VH at a tertiary eye care center was analyzed. Demographic data of patients along with risk factors such as blood sugar levels (BSL), blood pressure (BP), anticoagulant use, and pan-retinal photocoagulation status (PRP) were tabulated. Depending on the commencement of VRB, patients were divided into immediate rebleed-within 2 weeks and delayed rebleed-beyond 2–4 weeks. Results: Forty-one patients had VRB, out of which 18 patients had immediate VRB and 23 patients had delayed VRB. The average duration between vitrectomy and VRB was 3.28 months. Twenty-eight patients were male and 13 were females. Average age at presentation was 53.8 years. Thirty-four patients (82.9%) were found to have high BSL and 28 patients (68.3%) had high BP and they developed rebleed (P < 0.01) after an initial hemorrhage-free period (average = 5.15 months). Fifteen patients (36.6%) underwent first time PRP intraoperatively, and they had immediate rebleed (P < 0.01) without any hemorrhage-free period (average = 0.9 months). Eight patients (19.5%) were on perioperative anticoagulants; however, their statistical significance did not persist in the multivariable model. There were neither age nor gender predilection toward rebleed (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The incidence rate of VRB was found to be 21.6%. Age and gender did not contribute to rebleed. Intraoperative PRP was a risk factor for immediate rebleed. Poor glycemic and BP control was a risk factor for delayed rebleed.

Successful management of intraocular foreign body (IOFB) is deemed possible by the advent of superior surgical procedures, even in those patients who present late. We report a case of a 46-year-old male, who presented with sudden onset of defective vision in his right eye of 2 days duration and with a previous history of trauma following bulb blast at the age of 5 years. Examination revealed retinal detachment with multiple intraocular glass foreign body in his right eye. The primary management, in this case, was phaco-aspiration of lens through limbal tunnel, scleral buckling, 23G pars plana vitrectomy, IOFB removal through anterior segment, endolaser, and silicone oil injection. After 6 months, silicone oil was removed, and posterior chamber intraocular lens was implanted. This is a rare case wherein multiple glass IOFBs had remained quiescent in the eye for more than four decades resulting in retinal detachment at a later date and successful management with good visual outcome was possible.

A 60-year-old female came to our hospital with defective vision due to persistent diabetic macular edema and was treated with intravitreal ozurdex implant in the right eye. Three days later, the patient presented with diminution of vision, ocular pain, congestion, and hypopyon with no fundus view. B-scan ultrasonography showed vitritis, and diagnosis of endophthalmitis was made. Subsequently, 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy was performed along with intravitreal vancomycin and amikacin and removal of implant. On culture, there was growth of coagulase-negative staphylococcus which was resistant to ofloxacin antibiotic. A week following treatment, there was significant improvement in the patient's sign and symptoms with improvement in vision. Our case demonstrated that acute endophthalmitis can occur following dexamethasone intravitreal implant.

We report a novel management technique in case of advanced vitreomacular traction which avoids deroofing of macula and prevent the formation of iatrogenic macular hole. The primary treatment modality in the management of such cases is pars plana vitrectomy with posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) induction and with or without membrane peeling. We performed pars plana vitrectomy with minimal induction of PVD and release of traction all around the macula. No membrane peeling was done due to risk of deroofing of the macula and formation of iatrogenic macular hole. Postoperative course was stable with improvement in visual acuity (VA) and flattening of macula. This technique marked an alternative surgical approach in treatment of advanced vitreomacular traction.