Descriptor: "weak interaction" / Topic: particle physics - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

1,523 results on '"weak interaction"'

1. Scattering theory for mathematical models of the weak interaction.

Author: Alvarez, Benjamin Louis and Faupin, Jérémy
Subjects: *MATHEMATICAL models, *SCATTERING (Mathematics), *PARTICLE physics, *FOCK spaces, *ADJOINT operators (Quantum mechanics), *QUANTUM perturbations, *MODEL theory, *SCHRODINGER operator
Abstract: We consider mathematical models of the weak decay of the vector bosons W ± into leptons. The free quantum field Hamiltonian is perturbed by an interaction term from the standard model of particle physics. After the introduction of high energy and spatial cut-offs, the total quantum Hamiltonian defines a self-adjoint operator on a tensor product of Fock spaces. We study the scattering theory for such models. First, the masses of the neutrinos are supposed to be positive: for all values of the coupling constant, we prove asymptotic completeness of the wave operators. In a second model, neutrinos are treated as massless particles and we consider a simpler interaction Hamiltonian: for small enough values of the coupling constant, we prove again asymptotic completeness, using singular Mourre's theory, suitable propagation estimates and the conservation of the difference of some number operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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2. Addressing the Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly with a New Detector Array for Fission Fragment Beta-Spectroscopy

Author: Heckmaier, Elizabeth Klara Marie
Subjects: Nuclear physics and radiation, Particle physics, Beta Spectroscopy, Decay, Detectors, Nuclear, Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly, Weak Interaction
Abstract: Since the discovery of the neutrino in 1956, nuclear reactors have played an important role in understanding the properties of beta decay and probing the nature of the weak interaction. Repeatedly, reactor-based experimental studies of neutrino oscillations have observed a deficit in measured values of antineutrino flux relative to the flux predicted by prominent fissile antineutrino models [7, 2]. Most recently, the Daya Bay experiment reported measured antineutrino flux relative to the number predicted by current models of reactor antineutrino spectra of 0.946 ± 0.022 [10]. Several explanations have been put forward, including the possibility of new physics beyond the standard model (e.g., sterile neutrinos), or deficiencies in current models of 235U fission product beta spectra [19]. This work describes efforts to directly measure the beta spectrum of 92Rb, one of the largest contributors to the aggregate 235U antineutrino spectrum, using a new detector array constructed at Argonne National Laboratory’s CARIBU user facility.
Published: 2018

3. Particle Physics – II

Author: Kamal, Ahmad A. and Kamal, Ahmad A.
Published: 2010
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4. Deciphering the binding behavior of flavonoids to the cyclin dependent kinase 6/cyclin D complex.

Author: Zhang, Jingxiao, Zhang, Lilei, Xu, Yangcheng, Jiang, Shanshan, and Shao, Yueyue
Subjects: *FLAVONOIDS, *CYCLIN-dependent kinases, *MOLECULAR dynamics, *GENISTEIN, *COMPUTER simulation
Abstract: Flavonoids, a class of natural compounds with variable phenolic structures, have been found to possess anti-cancer activities by modulating different enzymes and receptors like CDK6. To understand the binding behavior of flavonoids that inhibit the active CDK6, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on six inhibitors, chrysin (M01), fisetin (M03), galangin (M04), genistein (M05), quercetin (M06) and kaempferol (M07), complexed with CDK6/cyclin D. For all six flavonoids, the 3’-OH and 4’-OH of B-ring were found to be favorable for hydrogen bond formation, but the 3-OH on the C-ring and 5-OH on the A-ring were unfavorable, which were confirmed by the MD simulation results of the test molecule, 3’, 4’, 7-trihydroxyflavone (M15). The binding efficiencies of flavonoids against the CDK6/cyclin D complex were mainly through the electrostatic (especially the H-bond force) and vdW interactions with residues ILE19, VAL27, ALA41, GLU61, PHE98, GLN103, ASP163 and LEU152. The order of binding affinities of these flavonoids toward the CDK6/cyclin D was M03 > M01 > M07 > M15 > M06 > M05 > M04. It is anticipated that the binding features of flavonoid inhibitors studied in the present work may provide valuable insights for the development of CDK6 inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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5. The feasibility of equilibria in large ecosystems: A primary but neglected concept in the complexity-stability debate.

Author: Dougoud, Michaël, Vinckenbosch, Laura, Rohr, Rudolf P., Bersier, Louis-Félix, and Mazza, Christian
Subjects: *ECOLOGY, *ECOSYSTEM dynamics, *ECOSYSTEMS, *BIOCOMPLEXITY, *SPECIES diversity, *STABLE equilibrium (Physics)
Abstract: The consensus that complexity begets stability in ecosystems was challenged in the seventies, a result recently extended to ecologically-inspired networks. The approaches assume the existence of a feasible equilibrium, i.e. with positive abundances. However, this key assumption has not been tested. We provide analytical results complemented by simulations which show that equilibrium feasibility vanishes in species rich systems. This result leaves us in the uncomfortable situation in which the existence of a feasible equilibrium assumed in local stability criteria is far from granted. We extend our analyses by changing interaction structure and intensity, and find that feasibility and stability is warranted irrespective of species richness with weak interactions. Interestingly, we find that the dynamical behaviour of ecologically inspired architectures is very different and richer than that of unstructured systems. Our results suggest that a general understanding of ecosystem dynamics requires focusing on the interplay between interaction strength and network architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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6. 8 Theory - The Theory of Everything - Volume II

Author: Manor Ohad
Subjects: experimental physics, gauge bosons, computer science, quantum computing, Entanglement, multiverse, number theory, CERN, mathematical logic, quantum optics, dark energy, differential topology, theoretical physics, QED, Path integrations, quantum mechanics, Particle physics, SUSY, primorial, astronomy, GR, grand unified theory, Weak interaction, Ligo, NASA, JHEP, statistical physics, Higgs particle, 8 Theory, PDE, QFT, muon, inflation, SSB, compact black holes, 8T, Newton laws, calculus of variations, modular forms, Manor, Vertax algebras, grand unification, divergent series, flatness, Higgs, proof Riemann hypothesis, smooth manifolds, theoretical Particle physics, PNP, high energy physics, hep, self dual operators, Super symmetry, unified theory, bosons, theoretical computer science, Ricci flow, Dualities, String theory, GUT, quantum loop gravity, Quantum Physics, monopoles, coupling series, mathematics, CMS, strong interaction, prime numbers, coupling constants, Quantum cosmology, ATLAS, M theory, Quantum field theory, coupling constants series, category theory, condensed matter physics, General relativity, wave physics, LHC, algebric geometry, Riemann hypothesis, topology, Lagrangians, algebraic number theory, Riemann hypothesis proof, Higgs boson, infinite series, CFT, dark matter, Quantum technology, nuclear physics, The theory of Everything, Quantum gravitation, Quantum gravity, elementary particle physics, QCD, black holes, Primes, zeta function, fifth force, goldstone bosons, laser physics, gravitation, vector bosons, Quantum Entanglement
Abstract: This Volume is a continuation of the first volume of the 8T.TheGrand Unified Theory of Physics.V2.6Inserts: (Pages 233-234) Certainties Elimination - Breakthrough pg-234.Similar tothe first volume, the second volume is written by the solely by Manor Ohad. The second volume contains three parts. Firstpart - Reflections on the open questions of the 8T. Second Part - Reflections on Quantumphenomena using Number theory.Thirdpart - Reflections on the 8T framework and the Beauty of the finallaws of Nature. The authorincluded a collection ofadditional proofs to the most famous problem in number theory. The counting begins with the second proof as the first already presented in the first volume, Page 96-99 in "Classics". The Purpose of This volume is to Eliminate Certainties.&nbsp
Published: 2022
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7. Important Basic Concepts in Particle Physics

Author: Berry, R. Stephen, editor, Birman, Joseph L., editor, Lynn, Jeffrey W., editor, Silverman, Mark P., editor, Stanley, H. Eugene, editor, Voloshin, Mikhail, editor, and Mohapatra, Rabindra N.
Published: 2003
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8. Virtual Double Beta Decays of Nuclei

Author: D. E. Lubashevsky
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Order (ring theory), Type (model theory), Weak interaction, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, medicine.anatomical_structure, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, medicine, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Beta (velocity), Perturbation theory, Nuclear Experiment, Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics), Nucleus
Abstract: A theory of nuclear $$2{\beta }$$ decay that includes $$2{{{\beta }}^{ - }}$$ , $$2{{{\beta }}^{ + }}$$ , $${{{\beta }}^{ + }},EC$$ , and $$EC,EC$$ decays is constructed using results obtained in developing the theory of the two-proton decay of nuclei. The existence of two types of these decays is established. The first type corresponds to $$2{\beta }$$ decays that proceed via two sequential real $${\beta }$$ decays of a parent nucleus and the compound nucleus generating from the parent nucleus. The second type is associated with the virtual nature of $$2{\beta }$$ decays, the widths of which are described by formulas similar to the ones obtained earlier in the second order of perturbation theory in the Hamiltonian of weak interaction. The possibility is demonstrated of successfully describing experimental characteristics of the $$2{\beta }$$ decay for a wide range of nuclei.
Published: 2020
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9. A Novel Model of Charged Leptons

Author: Xiao Liang, Dianfu Wang, and Yanqing Guo
Subjects: Coupling constant, Physics, Higgs field, Particle physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Electroweak interaction, Yukawa potential, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Symmetry breaking, Weak interaction, Boson, Lepton
Abstract: A novel model of charged leptons is presented, which contains two basics hypotheses. The first hypothesis is that the Yukawa coupling between Higgs field and charged leptons is the weak interaction, the Higgs field is a scalar intermediate boson which changes the chirality of charged leptons in the weak interaction. The other hypothesis is that the flavor eigenstates of charged leptons are the superposition states of left-handed and right-handed elementary Weyl spinors before the electroweak symmetry breaking. According to this model, the Yukawa coupling constants between Higgs field and three generations of charged leptons are considered to be a universal constant, and the difference of the masses of different charged leptons is due to the different left-right mixing angles of their flavor eigenstates.
Published: 2020
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10. Weak neutral current axial form factor using ν ¯ ν $$ \left(\overline{\nu}\right)\nu $$ -nucleon scattering and lattice QCD inputs

Author: Keh-Fei Liu, David G. Richards, and Raza Sabbir Sufian
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Strange quark, Particle physics, Neutral current, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Lattice field theory, Form factor (quantum field theory), Lattice QCD, Weak interaction, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QC770-798, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino Physics, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We present a determination of the neutral current weak axial charge G A Z 0 = − 0.654 3 stat 5 sys $$ {G}_A^Z(0)=-0.654{(3)}_{\mathrm{stat}}{(5)}_{\mathrm{sys}} $$ using the strange quark axial charge G A s 0 $$ {G}_A^s(0) $$ calculated with lattice QCD. We then perform a phenomenological analysis, where we combine the strange quark electromagnetic form factor from lattice QCD with (anti)neutrino-nucleon scattering differential cross section from MiniBooNE experiments in a momentum transfer region 0.24 ≲ Q 2 ≲ 0.71 GeV2 to determine the neutral current weak axial form factor G A Z Q 2 $$ {G}_A^Z\left({Q}^2\right) $$ in the range of 0 ≲ Q 2 ≤ 1 GeV2. This yields a phenomenological value of G A Z 0 $$ {G}_A^Z(0) $$ = −0.687(89)stat(40)sys. The value of G A Z 0 $$ {G}_A^Z(0) $$ constrained by the lattice QCD calculation of G A s 0 $$ {G}_A^s(0) $$ , when compared to its phenomenological determination, provides a significant improvement in precision and accuracy and can be used to provide a constraint on the fit to G A Z Q 2 $$ {G}_A^Z\left({Q}^2\right) $$ for Q 2 > 0. This constrained fit leads to an unambiguous determination of (anti)neutrino-nucleon neutral current elastic scattering differential cross section near Q 2 = 0 and can play an important role in numerically isolating nuclear effects in this region. We show a consistent description of G A Z Q 2 $$ {G}_A^Z\left({Q}^2\right) $$ obtained from the (anti)neutrino-nucleon scattering cross section data requires a nonzero contribution of the strange quark electromagnetic form factor. We demonstrate the robustness of our analysis by providing a post-diction of the BNL E734 experimental data.
Published: 2020

11. Probing the Spin Structure of the Proton Using Polarized Proton-Proton Collisions and the Production of W Bosons

Author: Beaumier, Michael John
Subjects: Particle physics, Nuclear physics and radiation, Physics, Nucleon Spin Physics, PHENIX, Proton Spin, RHIC, Sea Quark Polarization, Weak Interaction
Abstract: This thesis discusses the process of extracting the longitudinal asymmetry, $A_L^{W\pm}$, describing $W\rightarrow\mu$ production in forward kinematic regimes. This asymmetry is used to constrain our understanding of the polarized parton distribution functions characterizing $\bar{u}$ and $\bar{d}$ sea quarks in the proton. This asymmetry will be used to constrain the overall contribution of the sea-quarks to the total proton spin. The asymmetry is evaluated over the pseudorapidity range of the PHENIX Muon Arms, $2.1 < |\eta|2.6$, for longitudinally polarized proton-proton collisions at 510 GeV $\sqrt{s}$. In particular, I will discuss the statistical methods used to characterize real muonic $W$ decays and the various background processes is presented, including a discussion of likelihood event selection and the Extended Unbinned Maximum Likelihood fit. These statistical methods serve estimate the yields of $W$ muonic decays, which are used to calculate the longitudinal asymmetry.
Published: 2016

12. Particle Physics in High School: A Diagnose Study.

Author: Tuzón, Paula and Solbes, Jordi
Subjects: *PARTICLE physics, *HIGH schools, *LEARNING, *ATOMIC models, *MATTER
Abstract: The science learning process improves when the contents are connected to students’ lives. Particle physics has had a great impact in our society in the last years and has changed the theoretical picture about matter fundamental dynamics. Thus, we think that academic contents about matter components and interactions should be updated. With this study we aim to characterize the level of knowledge of high school students about this topic. We built a test with questions about classical atomic models, particle physics, recent discoveries, social implications and students opinions about it. Contrary to our first suspicion, students’ answers show a high variability. They have new physics ideas and show a great interest towards modern concepts. We suggest including an updated view of this topic as part of the curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
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13. Identification of Cell Cycle Dependent Interaction Partners of the Septins by Quantitative Mass Spectrometry.

Author: Renz, Christian, Oeljeklaus, Silke, Grinhagens, Sören, Warscheid, Bettina, Johnsson, Nils, and Gronemeyer, Thomas
Subjects: *FUNGAL cell cycle, *CELL communication, *MASS spectrometry, *SEPTINS, *CYTOPLASMIC filaments
Abstract: The septins are a conserved family of GTP-binding proteins that, in the baker's yeast, assemble into a highly ordered array of filaments at the mother bud neck. These filaments undergo significant structural rearrangements during the cell cycle. We aimed at identifying key components that are involved in or regulate the transitions of the septins. By combining cell synchronization and quantitative affinity-purification mass-spectrometry, we performed a screen for specific interaction partners of the septins at three distinct stages of the cell cycle. A total of 83 interaction partners of the septins were assigned. Surprisingly, we detected DNA-interacting/nuclear proteins and proteins involved in ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis predominantly present in alpha-factor arrested that do not display an assembled septin structure. Furthermore, two distinct sets of regulatory proteins that are specific for cells at S-phase with a stable septin collar or at mitosis with split septin rings were identified. Complementary methods like SPLIFF and immunoprecipitation allowed us to more exactly define the spatial and temporal characteristics of selected hits of the AP-MS screen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
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14. Low-energy precision tests of the standard model: a snapshot.

Author: Hertzog, David W.
Subjects: *ELECTROWEAK interactions, *STANDARD model (Nuclear physics), *PARTICLE physics, *ELECTRIC dipole moments, *BARYONS
Abstract: This brief review describes a class of uniquely crafted particle physics experiments that typically each tackle just one investigation-and they do that very well. The aim of these experiments is to both establish Standard Model parameters and also to provide unique tests in search of new physics. I provide a brief snapshot of many of the current activities, selected with a bias toward low-energy and high precision. These include searches for permanent electric dipole moments, charged lepton flavor violation, tests of the weak interaction, and other broad searches for deviations from very precise Standard Model predictions, such as the muon's anomalous magnetic moment. I highlight what drives these efforts and how they might impact a new Standard Model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
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15. Dark Matter, Cosmic Positrons in Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer Experiment and Particle-Cosmology with Yang-Mills Gravity

Author: Jong-Ping Hsu and Leonardo Hsu
Subjects: Quark, Physics, High Energy Physics - Theory, Particle physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Dark matter, Electroweak interaction, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Weak interaction, Cosmology, Universe, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Galaxy rotation curve, media_common
Abstract: We discuss a model of dark matter consisting of high energy anti-electron-neutrinos with leptonic force, which is produced by the conserved leptonic charge $g_\ell$ associated with Lee-Yang's $U_1$ gauge symmetry. Based on particle-cosmology for early universe, the high energy neutrino (HEN) model of dark matter assumes that the neutron decay processes, $n\to p^+ + e^- +\ov{\nu}_e$, dominate the epoch after the creation, collision and confinement processes of quarks and antiquarks in the beginning. The HEN model implies the following results: There are almost equal numbers of electrons, protons and anti-electron-neutrinos dominated the matter cosmos. There are unobservable and ubiquitous anti-electron-neutrinos $\ov{\nu}_e$ with leptonic charge $g_\ell$ in the universe. Although the total mass of anti-electron-neutrino dark matter is negligible in the universe, its enhanced gravitational and leptonic forces could lead to the observed flat rotation curves due to relativistic $\ov{\nu}_e$, whose static force involves a factor $E_\nu/m_\nu\approx 10^6$. We estimate the leptonic charge to be $g_\ell \approx 7 \times 10^{-21}$. The model predicts that the anti-electron-neutrino dark matter can interact with cosmic-ray protons to produce positrons, i.e. $\ov{\nu}_e + p^+ \to e^+ +n$, through weak interaction of the unified electroweak theory. The anti-electron-neutrino dark matter sheds light on the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) experiment, which has detected the intriguing excess of cosmic-ray positrons over what is expected. The HEN model of dark matter suggests an experimental test of the new Lee-Yang force between electrons by using modern precision Cavendish experiment., Comment: 25 pages
Published: 2021

16. Directed flow induced by electromagnetic fields in heavy ion collisions

Author: Yifeng Sun, Vincenzo Greco, and Salvatore Plumari
Subjects: Physics, Quark, Particle physics, Nuclear Theory, Meson, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Weak interaction, Charged particle, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Charm quark, Delta-v (physics), Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment, Lepton
Abstract: Strong electromagnetic fields are expected to be generated in off-central relativistic heavy ion collisions, which can induce a splitting of the directed flow of charged particles and anti-particles ($\Delta v_1$). Such a splitting manifests even for neutral charmed mesons pairs ($D^0,\bar{D}^0$), hence being a direct probe of the formation of deconfined phase with charm quarks as degree of freedom. In the limit of large $p_T$ and weak interaction with the QGP, a formula of $\Delta v_1(p_T,y_z)$ of charged particles and anti-particles as a function of $p_T$ and rapidity $y_z$ can be obtained, which is found to be related to the spectra of charged particles and the integrated effect of the Lorentz force. This formula is expected to be valid to heavy quarks and leptons at high $p_T$, where the modification to their equations of motion due to the interaction with both QGP and electromagnetic fields is small, and should have a general application. We also proposed a measurement of $\Delta v_1(p_T,y_z)$ of leptons from $Z^0$ decay and its correlation to that of $D$ mesons, which would be a strong probe determining whether the large splitting measured in experiments has the electromagnetic origin., Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, Proceedings to Hard Probes 2020
Published: 2021
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17. Mass spectra for the ccb¯b¯ and bbc¯c¯ tetraquark states

Author: H. S. Chen, Wei Chen, Qi-Nan Wang, and Zi-Yan Yang
Subjects: Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Particle physics, Mass spectrum, Tetraquark, Parity (physics), Sum rule in quantum mechanics, Weak interaction, Quantum number, Spectral line
Abstract: We have studied the masse spectra for the $cc\overline{b}\overline{b}$ and $bb\overline{c}\overline{c}$ tetraquark states with quantum numbers ${J}^{P}={0}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}},{1}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$, and ${2}^{+}$. We systematically construct the interpolating currents with various spin-parity quantum numbers and calculate their two-point correlation functions in the framework of QCD moment sum rule method. Our calculations show that the masses are about 12.3--12.4 GeV for the positive parity $cc\overline{b}\overline{b}$ tetraquark ground states with ${J}^{P}={0}^{+},{1}^{+},{2}^{+}$, while 12.8--13.1 GeV for the negative parity channels with ${J}^{P}={0}^{\ensuremath{-}},{1}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. The mass predictions for the positive parity $cc\overline{b}\overline{b}$ ground states are lower than the ${B}_{c}{B}_{c}$ threshold, implying that these tetraquarks can only decay via weak interaction and thus are expected to be stable and narrow.
Published: 2021
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18. Search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in Z-boson decays with the ATLAS detector

Author: Aad, Georges, Abbott, Braden Keim, Avner, Gal, Fadol Mohammed, Abdualazem, Fusayasu, T., Fuster Verdu, Juan Antonio, Gabrielli, Alessandro, Gabrielli, Andrea, Gadatsch, S., Gadow, Paul Philipp, Gagliardi, Guido, Gagnon, Louis-guillaume, Gallardo, Gabriel Emmanuel, Gallas, Elizabeth Jean, Mokgatitswane, Gaogalalwe, Gallop, Bruce Joseph, Gamboa Goni, Rodrigo, Gan, Kock Kiam, Ganguly, Sanmay, Gao, Jun, Gao, Yanyan, Gao, Yongsheng, Garay Walls, Francisca, Garcia, Carmen, Garcia Navarro, Jose Enrique, Mondal, Santu, Garcia Pascual, Juan Antonio, Garcia-Argos, C., Garcia-sciveres, Mauricio Andres, Gardner Jr, Robert William, Garelli, N., Gargiulo, Simona, Garner, Christopher Andrew, Garonne, Vincent, Gasiorowski, Sean Joseph, Do Nascimento Gaspar, Philipp, Mullin, Joseph James, Gaudiello, A., Gaudio, Gabriella, Gauzzi, Paolo, Gavrilenko, Igor, Gavriliuk, Aleksandr, Gay, Colin Warren, Gaycken, Goetz Frieder, Gazis, Evangelos, Geanta, Andrei Alexandru, Gee, Carolyn Mei, Murin, Martin, Gee, Charles Norman, Geisen, Jannik, Geisen, Marc, Gemme, Claudia, Genest, Marie-helene, Geng, C., Gentile, Simonetta, George, Simon, Geralis, Theodoros, Gerlach, Lino Oscar, Higuchi, Yu, Gessinger-befurt, Paul, Gessner, G., Ghasemi Bostanabad, Meisam, Ghneimat, Mazuza Mohammad A, Ghosh, Aishik, Ghosh, Anindya, Giacobbe, Benedetto, Giagu, Stefano, Giangiacomi, Nico, Giannetti, Paola, Nass, Christian, Giannini, Antonio, Giannini, G., Gibson, Stephen Michael, Gignac, Matthew, Gil, Damian Tomasz, Gilbert, Benjamin Jacob, Gillberg, Dag Ingemar, Gilles, Geoffrey, Gillwald, Nils Ernst Klaus, Gingrich, Douglas, Navarro Gonzalez, Josep, Giordani, Mario, Giraud, Pierre-francois, Giugliarelli, Gilberto, Giugni, Danilo, Giuli, Francesco, Gkaitatzis, S., Gkialas, Ioannis, Gkougkousis, Evangelos Leonidas, Gkountoumis, Panagiotis, Gladilin, Leonid, Nelson, Kevin Michael, Glasman Kuguel, Claudia Beatriz, Glatzer, J., Glazov, A., Gledhill, Galen Rhodes, Gnesi, Ivan, Goblirsch-kolb, Maximilian Emanuel, Godin, Dominique, Goldfarb, Steven, Golling, Tobias Felix, Golubkov, Dmitry, Neundorf, Jonas, Da Silva Gomes, Agostinho, Goncalves Gama, Rafael, Morais Silva Goncalo, Ricardo Jose, Gonella, Giulia, Gonella, Laura, Gongadze, Alexi, Gonnella, Francesco, Gonski, Julia Lynne, Gonzalez De La Hoz, Santiago, Gonzalez Fernandez, Sergio, Badea, Anthony, Ng, Yan Wing, Gonzalez Lopez, Ricardo, Gonzalez Renteria, Cesar, Gonzalez Suarez, Rebeca, Gonzalez Sevilla, Sergio, Gonzalvo Rodriguez, Galo Rafael, Goossens, Luc, Gorasia, Nandish Arjan, Gorbounov, Petr, Gordon, Howard, Gorini, Benedetto, Norfolk, Mitchell Bradley, Gorini, Edoardo, Gorisek, Andrej, Goshaw, Alfred Thomas, Gostkin, Mikhail, Gottardo, Carlo Alberto, Gouighri, Mohamed, Goussiou, Anna, Govender, Nicolin, Goy, Corinne, Grabowska-bold, Iwona Agnieszka, Bin Norisam, Raif Rafideen, Graham, E. C., Gramling, J., Gramstad, Eirik, Grancagnolo, Sergio, Grandi, Mario, Grachev, Vadim, Gravila, Paul Mircea, Gravili, Francesco Giuseppe, Gray, C., Gray, Heather, Novotny, Lukas, Grefe, Christian, Gregersen, K., Gregor, Ingrid-maria, Grenier, Philippe Jean-paul, Grevtsov, Kirill, Grieco, Chiara, Grieser, Nathan Allen, Grillo, Alexander A, Grimm, Kathryn, Grinstein, Sebastian, Oliveira Goncalves, Dayane, Grivaz, Jean-francois, Groh, Sabrina, Gross, Eilam, Grosse-knetter, Jorn, Grout, Zara Jane, Grud, Christopher Ryan, Grummer, Aidan, Grundy, James Cameron, Guan, Liang, Guan, Wen, Zeid, O. S. Abou, Gubbels, Christopher, Guenther, Jaroslav, Guerguichon, A., Rojas, J. G. R. Guerrero, Guescini, Francesco, Guest, Daniel Hay, Gugel, Ralf, Guida, Alessandro, Guillemin, Thibault, Guindon, Stefan, Abramowicz, Halina Edwarda, Guo, Jun, Guo, W., Guo, Yuxiang, Guo, Z., Gupta, Ruchi, Gurbuz, Saime, Gustavino, Giuliano, Guth, Manuel, Gutierrez, Phillip, Gutschow, Christian, Abreu Aguilar, Henso Javier, Guyot, Claude, Gwenlan, Claire, Gwilliam, Carl Bryan, Haaland, Even Simonsen, Haas, Andrew Colton, Haber, Carl, Hadavand, Haleh Khani, Hadef, Asma, Haleem, Mahsana, Haley, Joseph, Abulaiti, Yiming, Hall, Jack Joseph, Halladjian, Garabed, Hallewell, Gregory David, Hamano, Kenji, Hamdaoui, Hassane, Hamer, Matthias, Hamity, Guillermo Nicolas, Han, Kunlin, Han, Liangliang, Han, Liang, Acharya, Bobby Samir, Han, Shuo, Han, Yi Fei, Hanagaki, Kazunori, Hance, Michael, Handl, D. M., Hank, Michael Donald, Hankache, Robert, Hansen, Eva Brottmann, Hansen, Joergen Beck, Hansen, Joern Dines, Bahrasemani, Sina, Achkar, Baida, Hansen, Maike Christina, Hansen, Peter Henrik, Hanson, E. C., Hara, Kazuhiko, Harenberg, Torsten, Harkusha, Siarhei, Harrison, Paul Fraser, Hartman, Nicole Michelle, Hartmann, Nikolai, Hasegawa, Yoji, Adam, Lennart, Hasib, A. A., Hassani, Samira, Haug, Sigve, Hauser, Reiner, Havranek, Miroslav, Hawkes, Christopher, Hawkings, Richard John, Hayashida, Shota, Hayden, Daniel Adam, Hayes, Christopher Robyn, Adam Bourdarios, Claire, Hayes, Robin, Hays, Christopher Paul, Hays, Jonathan Michael, Hayward, Helen Sarah, Haywood, Stephen James, He, Fudong, He, Yunjian, Heath, Matthew Peter, Hedberg, Vincent, Heggelund, Andreas Lokken, Adamczyk, Leszek, Hehir, Natasha Domenica, Heidegger, Constantin, Heidegger, Kim Katrin, Heidorn, William Dale, Heilman, Jesse Alan, Heim, Sarah, Heim, Timon Frank-thomas, Heinemann, Beate, Heinlein, James Geddy, Heinrich, Jochen Jens, Adamek, Lukas, Heinrich, Lukas Alexander, Hejbal, Jiri, Helary, Louis, Held, Alexander, Hellesund, Simen, Helling, Cole Michael, Hellman, Sten Lennart, Helsens, Clement, Henderson, R. C. W., Henkelmann, Lars, Adelman, Jahred Adam, Henriques Correia, Ana Maria, Herde, Hannah Elizabeth, Hernandez Jimenez, Yesenia, Herr, Holger Arnold, Herrmann, Maximilian Georg, Herrmann, Tim, Herten, Leonhard Gregor, Hertenberger, Ralf, Hervas, Luis, Hesketh, G. G., Adiguzel, Aytul, Hessey, Nigel Paul, Hibi, Hiroaki, Higashino, Satoshi, Higon-rodriguez, Emilio, Hildebrand, K., Hill, Kurt Keys, Hiller, Karlheinz, Hillier, Stephen James, Hils, Maximilian, Hinchliffe, Ian, Adorni Braccesi Chiassi, Sofia, Hinterkeuser, Florian, Hirose, Minoru, Hirose, Shigeki, Hirschbuehl, Dominic, Hiti, Bojan, Hladik, Ondrej, Hobbs, John David, Hobincu, Radu, Tal Hod, Noam, Hodgkinson, Mark Christopher, Adye, Timothy John, Hoecker, Andreas, Hohn, David, Hohov, D., Holm, Tanja, Holmes, Tova Ray, Holzbock, Michael Helmut, Hommels, Bart Leonard Anton, Hong, Tae Min, Honig, Jan Cedric, Honle, Andreas, Affolder, Anthony, Hooberman, Benjamin Henry, Hopkins, Walter Howard, Horii, Yasuyuki, Horn, Philipp, Horyn, Lesya Anna, Hou, Suen, Hoummada, A., Howarth, James William, Hoya, Joaquin, Hrabovsky, Miroslav, Ballabene, Eric, Afik, Yoav, Hrivnac, J., Hrynevich, Aliaksei, Hrynova, Tetiana, Hsu, P. J., Hsu, Shih-chieh, Hu, Qipeng, Hu, Shuyang, Hu, Yifan, Huang, Danping, Huang, Xiaozhong, Agapopoulou, Christina, Huang, Yanping, Huang, Yicong, Hubacek, Zdenek, Hubaut, Fabrice, Hubner, Michael, Huegging, Fabian Georg, Huffman, Todd Brian, Huhtinen, Mika, Hulsken, Raphael, Huseynov, Nazim, Agaras, Merve Nazlim, Huston, Joey, Huth, John Edward, Hyneman, Rachel Jordan, Hyrych, Sofiia, Iacobucci, Giuseppe, Iakovidis, Georgios, Ibragimov, Iskander, Iconomidou-fayard, Lydia, Iengo, Paolo, Ignazzi, Rosanna, Aggarwal, Anamika, Iguchi, Ryunosuke, Iizawa, Tomoya, Ikegami, Yoichi, Ikeno, M., Ilic, Nikolina, Iltzsche, F., Imam, Hajar, Introzzi, Gianluca, Iodice, Mauro, Iordanidou, K., Agheorghiesei, Catalin, Ippolito, Valerio, Isacson, M. F., Ishino, Masaya, Islam, Wasikul, Issever, Cigdem, Istin, Serhat, Iturbe Ponce, Julia Mariana, Iuppa, Roberto, Ivina, Anna, Izen, Joseph Michael, Aguilar Saavedra, Juan Antonio, Izzo, Vincenzo, Jacka, Petr, Jackson, Paul Douglas, Jacobs, Ruth Magdalena, Jaeger, Benjamin Paul, Jain, V., Jakel, Gunnar, Jakobi, Katharina Bianca, Jakobs, Karl, Jakoubek, Tomas, Ahmad, Ammara, Jamieson, Jonathan, Janas, Krzysztof Wojciech, Jansky, R., Janus, M., Janus, P. A., Jarlskog, Goran, Jaspan, Adam Elliott, Javadov, Namig, Javurek, Tomas, Javurkova, Martina, Ahmadov, Faig, Jeanneau, Fabien, Jeanty, Laura, Jejelava, Juansher, Jenni, Peter, Jeong, N., Jezequel, Stephane, Jia, Jiangyong, Jia, Zihang, Jiang, H., Jiang, Yi, Ahmed, Waleed Syed, Jiang, Z., Jiggins, Stephen, Morales, F. A. Jimenez, Jimenez Pena, Javier, Jin, Shan, Jinaru, Adam, Jinnouchi, Osamu, Jivan, H., Johansson, Per Daniel Conny, Johns, Kenneth Arthur, Ai, Xiaocong, Johnson, Christian, Jones, Eleanor, Jones, R. W. L., Jones, Timothy John, Jovicevic, Jelena, Ju, Xiangyang, Junggeburth, Johannes Josef, Juste Rozas, Aurelio, Kaczmarska, Anna, Kado, Marumi Marcello, Barends, Kevin Nicholas, Aielli, Giulio, Kagan, Harris Peter, Kagan, Michael Aaron, Kahn, Alan Mathew, Kahra, Christian, Kaji, Toshiaki, Kajomovitz Must, Enrique, Kalderon, Charles William, Kaluza, Adam, Kamenshchikov, A., Kaneda, Michiru, Akatsuka, Shunichi, Kang, Nathan Jihoon, Kang, Shuaiyan, Kano, Yuya, Kanzaki, Junichi, Kaplan, L. S., Kar, Deepak, Karava, Kla, Kareem, Mohammad, Karkanias, Ioannis, Karpov, Sergey, Akbiyik, Melike, Karpova, Zoya, Kartvelishvili, Vakhtang, Karyukhin, Andrey, Kasimi, Eirini, Kastanas, A., Kato, Chikuma, Katzy, Judith, Kawade, Kentaro, Kawagoe, Kiyotomo, Kawaguchi, Tomomi, Akesson, Torsten Paul Ake, Kawamoto, Tatsuo, Kawamura, Gen, Kay, Ellis Fawn, Kaya, Fikriye Idil, Kazakos, Stergios, Kazanin, Vassili, Keaveney, James Michael, Keeler, Richard, Keller, John Stakely, Kellermann, E., Akilli, E., Kelsey, Daniel Christopher, Kempster, Jacob Julian, Kendrick, James Andrew, Kennedy, Kiley Elizabeth, Kepka, Oldrich, Kersten, Susanne, Kersevan, Borut Paul, Ketabchi Haghighat, Sana, Khalil-Zada, F., Khandoga, Mykola, Akimov, Andrey, Khanov, Alexander, Kharlamov, Alexey, Kharlamova, Tatyana, Khoda, Elham E, Khoo, Teng Jian, Khoriauli, Gia, Khramov, Evgeny, Khubua, Jemal, Kido, Shogo, Kiehn, Moritz Simon Maria, Al Khoury, Konie, Kim, Eunchong, Kim, Young-kee, Kimura, Naoki, Kirchhoff, Andreas, Kirchmeier, David, Kirk, Julie, Kiryunin, Andrey, Kishimoto, Tomoe, Kisliuk, Dylan Perry, Kitali, Vincent, Alberghi, Gian Luigi, Kitsaki, Chara, Kivernyk, Oleh, Klapdor-kleingrothaus, Thorwald, Klassen, Martin, Klein, Christoph Thomas, Klein, Matthew Henry, Klein, Max, Klein, Uta, Kleinknecht, K., Klimek, Pawel Jan, Albert, Justin Emanuel, Klimentov, Alexei, Klimpel, Fabian, Klingl, Tobias, Klioutchnikova, Tatiana, Klitzner, Felix Fidelio, Kluit, Peter Martin, Kluth, Stefan, Kneringer, Emmerich, Knue, Andrea Helen, Kobayashi, Dai, Alconada Verzini, Maria Josefina, Kobel, Michael, Kocian, Martin Lukas, Kodama, Takafumi, Kodys, Peter, Kock, Daniela Maria, Konig, Philipp Thomas, Koffas, Thomas, Koehler, Nicolas Maximilian, Kolb, Mathis Simon, Koletsou, Iro, Bashta, Inna, Alderweireldt, Sara Caroline, Komarek, Tomas, Kondo, T., Koeneke, Karsten, Kong, Albert Xing Yi, Kono, Takanori, Konstantinides, Vasilis, Konstantinidis, Nikolaos, Konya, Balazs, Kopeliansky, Revital, Koperny, Stefan Zenon, Aleksa, Martin, Korcyl, Krzysztof Marian, Kordas, Konstantinos, Koren, Guy, Korn, Andreas Michael, Korolkov, Ilya, Korolkova, Elena, Korotkova, Natalia, Kortner, Oliver, Kortner, Sandra, Kostyukhin, Vadim, Aleksandrov, I. 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P., Kuna, Marine, Kupco, Alexander, Kupfer, Tobias, Kuprash, Oleg, Alhroob, Muhammad, Kurashige, Hisaya, Kurchaninov, Leonid, Kurochkin, Yurii, Kurova, Anastasiia, Kurth, Matthew Glenn, Kuwertz, Emma Sian, Kuze, Masahiro, Kvam, Audrey Katherine, Kvita, Jiri, Kwan, Tony, Ali, Babar, Lacasta Llacer, Carlos, Lacava, Francesco, Lacker, Heiko Markus, Lacour, Didier, Ladygin, Evgeny, Lafaye, Remi, Laforge, Bertrand, Lagouri, Theodota, Lai, Stanley Tsai-ting, Lakomiec, Inga Katarzyna, Ali, Shahzad, Lambert, Joseph Earl, Lammers, Sabine Wedam, Lampl, Walter, Lampoudis, Christos, Lancon, Eric Christian, Landgraf, Ulrich, Landon, Murrough, Lang, Valerie Susanne, Lange, Joern Christian, Langenberg, Robert Johannes, Basson, Candice Ruth, Aliev, Malik, Lankford, Andrew James, Lanni, Francesco, Lantzsch, Kerstin, Lanza, Agostino, Lapertosa, Alessandro, Laporte, Jean-francois, Lari, Tommaso, Lasagni Manghi, Federico, Lassnig, Mario, Latonova, Vera, Alimonti, Gianluca, Lau, Tak Shun, Laudrain, Antoine, Laurier, Alexandre, Lavorgna, Marco, Lawlor, Sean Dean, Lazzaroni, Massimo, Le, Brian, Guirriec, E. Le, Lebedev, Alexandre, Leblanc, Matthew Edgar, Allaire, Corentin, LeCompte, T., Ledroit-Guillon, F., Lee, Ava Chloe Audrey, Lee, Claire Alexandra, Lee, Graham Richard, Lee Jr, Lawrence, Lee, Shih-chang, Lee, Songkyo, Lefebvre, Benoit, Lefebvre, Helena, Allbrooke, Benedict, Lefebvre, Michel, Leggett, Charles, Lehmann, Konstantin, Lehmann, Niklaus, Lehmann Miotto, Giovanna, Leight, William Axel, Leisos, Antonios, Lisboa Leite, Marco Aurelio, Leitgeb, Clara Elisabeth, Leitner, Rupert, Allen, B. W., Leney, Katharine, Lenz, Tatjana, Leone, Sandra, Leonidopoulos, Christos, Leopold, Alexander, Leroy, Claude, Les, Robert, Lester, Christopher Gorham, Levchenko, Mikhail, Leveque, Jessica, Allport, Philip Patrick, Levin, Daniel Sheldon, Levinson, Lorne Joel, Lewis, Daniel James, Li, Boyang, Li, Bing, Li, Changqiao, Li, F., Li, Heng, Li, Haifeng, Li, Jing, Aloisio, Alberto, Li, Ke, Li, Liang, Li, Mengran, Li, Quanyin, Li, Shu, Li, Xingguo, Li, Yichen, Li, Zhi, Li, Zhiying, Li, Zhelun, Alonso, Francisco, Li, Zhiyuan, Liang, Zhijun, Liberatore, Marianna, Liberti, Barbara, Lie, Ki, Lim, S., Lin, C. Y., Lin, Kuan-yu, Linck, Rebecca Anne, Lindley, Rachel Elizabeth, Alpigiani, Cristiano, Lindon, Jack Henry, Linss, Arthur, Lionti, A. L., Lipeles, Elliot David, Lipniacka, Anna, Lister, Alison Claire, Little, Jared David, Liu, Bo, Liu, Bingxuan, Blumenschein, Heidrun, Alunno Camelia, Elio, Liu, Jianbei, Liu, Jesse Kar Kee, Liu, Kun, Liu, Minghui, Liu, Mingyi, Liu, Peilian, Liu, Xiaotian, Liu, Yi, Liu, Yang, Liu, Yanlin, Beirao Da Cruz E Silva, Cristovao, Alvarez Estevez, Manuel, Liu, Yanwen, Livan, Michele, Lleres, Annick, Llorente Merino, Javier, Lloyd, Stephen, Lo, C. Y., Lobodzinska, Ewelina Maria, Loch, Peter, Loffredo, Salvatore, Lohse, Thomas, Alviggi, Mariagrazia, Lohwasser, Kristin, Lokajicek, Milos, Long, Jonathan David, Long, Robin Eamonn, Longarini, Iacopo, Longo, Luigi, Lopez Paz, Ivan, Lopez Solis, Alvaro, Lorenz, Jeanette Miriam, Lorenzo Martinez, Narei, Do Amaral Coutinho, Yara, Lory, Alexander Mario, Loesle, Alena, Lou, Xuanhong, Lou, Xinchou, Lounis, Abdenour, Love, Jeremy Robert, Love, Peter Allan, Lozano Bahilo, Jose Julio, Lu, Miaoran, Lu, Yun-ju, Ambler, Alessandro, Lubatti, Henry, Luci, Claudio, Lucio Alves, Fabio Lucio, Lucotte, Arnaud, Luehring, Frederick, Luise, Ilaria, Luminari, Lamberto, Lund-jensen, Bengt, Luongo, Nicholas Andrew, Lutz, Margaret Susan, Ambroz, Luca, Lynn, David, Lyons, Harry John, Lysak, Roman, Lytken, Else, Lyu, Feng, Lyubushkin, Vladimir, Lyubushkina, Tatiana, Ma, Hong, Ma, Lianliang, Ma, Yanhui, Amelung, Christoph, Donell, D. M. Mac, Maccarrone, Giovanni, Macdonald, Calum Michael, Macdonald, Jack Cameron, Miguens, J. Machado, Madar, Romain Jacques, Mader, Wolfgang Franz, Madugoda Ralalage Don, Madhuranga, Madysa, Nico, Maeda, Jumpei, Amidei, Dante Eric, Maeno, Tadashi, Maerker, Max, Magerl, Veronika, Magini, N., Magro, Jacopo, Mahon, Devin James, Maidantchik, Carmen Lucia Lodi, Maio, Amelia, Maj, Klaudia, Majersky, Oliver, Amor Dos Santos, Susana Patricia, Majewski, Stephanie, Makida, Y., Makovec, Nikola, Malaescu, Bogdan, Malecki, Pa., Maleev, Victor, Malek, Fairouz, Malito, Davide, Mallik, Usha, Malone, Claire, Amoroso, Simone, Maltezos, Stavros, Malyukov, Sergei, Mamuzic, Judita, Mancini, Giada, Mandalia, Jesal Paresh, Mandic, Igor, Manhaes De Andrade Filho, Luciano, Maniatis, Ioannis Michail, Manjarres Ramos, Joany Andreina, Mankinen, Katja Hannele, Amrouche, Cherifa Sabrina, Mann, Alexander Winfried, Manousos, Athanasios, Mansoulie, Bruno, Manthos, Ioannis, Manzoni, Stefano, Marantis, Alexandros, Marceca, G., Marchese, Luigi, Marchiori, Giovanni, Marcisovsky, Michal, Beirer, Joshua Falco, An, F., Marcoccia, Lorenzo, Marcon, Caterina, Marjanovic, Marija, Marshall, Zachary Louis, Martensson, M. U. F., Marti I Garcia, Salvador, Martin, C. B., Martin, Timothy, Martin, Victoria Jane, Martin Dit Latour, Bertrand, Anastopoulos, Christos, Martinelli, Luca, Martinez-perez, Mario, Martinez Agullo, Pablo, Martinez Outschoorn, Verena Ingrid, Martin-haugh, Stewart, Martoiu, Victor Sorin, Martyniuk, Alex Christopher, Marzin, Antoine, Maschek, Stefan Raimund, Masetti, Lucia, Andari, Nansi, Mashimo, Tetsuro, Mashinistov, R., Masik, Jiri, Maslennikov, Aleksei, Massa, Lorenzo, Massarotti, Paolo, Mastrandrea, Paolo, Mastroberardino, Anna, Masubuchi, Tatsuya, Matakias, Dimitrios, Andeen, Timothy Robert, Matic, Andrea, Matsuzawa, Nobuo, Mättig, P., Maurer, Julien Benoit, Macek, Bostjan, Maximov, Dmitriy, Mazini, Rachid, Maznas, Ioannis, Mazza, Simone Michele, Mc Gowan, John Patrick, Anders, John Kenneth, Mc Kee, Shawn Patrick, Mccarthy, Thomas George, Mccormack, William Patrick, Mcdonald, Emily Frances, Mcdougall, Ashley Ellen, Mcfayden, Joshua Angus, Mchedlidze, Gvantsa, McKay, M. A., Mclean, Kayla Dawn, Mcmahon, Stephen James, Andrean, Stefio Yosse, Mcnamara, Peter Charles, Mcpherson, Robert Anthony, Mdhluli, J. E., Meadows, Zachary Alden, Meehan, Samuel Ross, Megy, Theo Jean, Mehlhase, Sascha, Mehta, Andrew, Meirose Da Silva Costa, Bernhard, Melini, Davide, Andreazza, Attilio, Mellado Garcia, Bruce Rafael, Melo, M., Meloni, Federico, Melzer, Alexander, Mendes Gouveia, Emanuel Demetrio, Mendes Jacques Da Costa, Antonio Manuel, Meng, Huan Yu, Meng, Lingxin, Meng, X. T., Menke, Sven, Andrei, George Victor, Meoni, Evelin, Mergelmeyer, S., Merkt, Sebastian Andreas, Merlassino, Claudia, Mermod, Philippe, Merola, Leonardo, Meroni, Chiara, Merz, Garrett William, Meshkov, Oleg, Meshreki, John Kamal Rizk, Anelli, C. R., Metcalfe, Jessica Erin, Mete, Alaettin Serhan, Meyer, Christopher John, Meyer, Jean-pierre, Michetti, Michele, Middleton, Robin, Mijovic, Liza, Mikenberg, Georges Roberto, Mikestikova, Marcela, Mikuz, Marko, Angelidakis, Stylianos, Mildner, Hannes, Milic, Adriana, Milke, Christopher Don, Miller, David Wilkins, Miller, Laura Stephanie, Milov, Alexander, Milstead, David Anthony, Minaenko, Andrey, Minashvili, Irakli, Mince, Laurynas, Bird, Gareth Adam, Angerami, Aaron Richard, Mincer, Allen Irving, Mindur, Bartosz, Mineev, Mikhail, Minegishi, Yuji, Mino, Yuya, Mir Martinez, Lluisa-maria, Mironova, Maria, Mitani, Takashi, Mitrevski, J., Mitsou, Vasiliki, Anisenkov, Alexey, Mittal, Monika, Miu, Ovidiu, Miucci, A., Miyagawa, Paul Shinichi, Mizukami, Atsushi, Mjoernmark, Jan-ulf, Mkrtchyan, Tigran, Mlynarikova, Michaela, Moa, Torbjorn, Mobius, Silke, Annovi, Alberto, Mochizuki, Kazuya, Moder, Paul, Mogg, Philipp, Mohapatra, Soumya, Moles-Valls, R., Monig, Klaus Werner, Monnier, Emmanuel, Montalbano, Alyssa Rae, Montejo Berlingen, Javier, Montella, Marco, Antel, Claire, Monticelli, Fernando Gabriel, Monzani, S., Morange, Nicolas Rene Jean, Moreira De Carvalho, Ana Luisa, Moreno, D., Moreno Llacer, Maria, Moreno Martinez, Carlos, Morettini, Paolo, Morgenstern, Marcus Matthias, Morgenstern, Stefanie, Anthony, Matthew Thomas, Mori, Daniel, Morii, Masahiro, Morinaga, Masahiro, Morisbak, Vanja, Morley, Anthony Keith, Mornacchi, G., Morris, Alice Polyxeni, Morvaj, Ljiljana, Moschovakos, Paraschos, Moser, Brian, Antipov, Egor, Mosidze, Maia, Moskalets, Tetiana, Moskvitina, Polina, Moss, Joshua James, Moyse, E. J. W., Muanza, Steve Guy, Mueller, James Alfred, Muenstermann, Daniel, Mullier, Geoffrey, Mungo, Davide Pietro, Antonelli, Mario, Munoz Martinez, Jose Luis, Munoz Sanchez, Francisca Javiela, Murin, Pavel, Murray, William John, Murrone, Alessia, Muse, Joseph M, Muskinja, Miha, Mwewa, Chilufya, Myagkov, Alexey, Myers, Ava Anne, Antrim, Daniel Joseph, Myers, Gregory William, Myers, J., Myska, Miroslav, Nachman, Benjamin Philip, Nackenhorst, Olaf, Nag, Abhishek, Nagai, Koichi, Nagano, Kunihiro, Nagasaka, Y., Nagle, James Lawrence, Anulli, Fabio, Nagy, Elemer, Nairz, Armin Michael, Nakahama, Y., Nakamura, Koji, Nakamura, T., Nanjo, Hajime, Napolitano, Fabrizio, Narayan, Rohin Thampilali, Naryshkin, Iurii, Naseri, Mohsen, Aoki, Masato, Naumann, Thomas, Navarro, Gabriela Alejandra, Nechaeva, Polina, Nechansky, Filip, Neep, Thomas James, Negri, Andrea, Negrini, Matteo, Nellist, Clara Jean May, Nelson, Christina, Nelson, Michael Edward, Abbott, Dale Charles, Bouquet, Romain, Aparo, Marco, Nemecek, Stanislav, Nessi, Marzio, Neubauer, Mark Stephen, Neuhaus, Friedemann, Neumann, M., Newhouse, Robin, Newman, Paul Richard, Ng, Chi Wing, Ng, Y. S., Ng, Ying Wun Yvonne, Aperio Bella, Ludovica, Ngair, Badr-eddine, Nguyen, Hoang Dai Nghia, Nguyen Manh, Tuan, Nibigira, E., Nickerson, Richard Bruce, Nikolaidou, Rodanthi, Nielsen, Daniel Stefaniak, Nielsen, Jason Alan, Niemeyer, Marcel, Nikiforou, Nikiforos, Aranzabal Barrio, Nordin, Nikolaenko, Vladimir, Nikolic-Audit, I., Nikolopoulos, Konstantinos, Nilsson, Paal Nils Bertil, Nindhito, Herjuno Rah, Nisati, Aleandro, Nishu, Nishu, Nisius, Richard, Nitsche, I., Nitta, Tatsumi, Araujo Ferraz, Victor, Nobe, Takuya, Noel, Daniel Louis, Noguchi, Yohei, Nomidis, Ioannis, Nomura, Marcelo Ayumu, Nordberg, M., Novak, Jakob, Novak, Tadej, Novgorodova, Olga, Novotny, Radek, Pereira, R. Araujo, Nozka, Libor, Ntekas, Konstantinos, Nurse, Emily Laura, Oakham, Gerald Frank, Ocariz, Jose Humberto, Ochi, Atsuhiko, Abreu Juliao Ochoa De Castro, Maria Ines, Ochoa, Jean-pierre, O'connor, Kelsey Shea, Oda, S., Arcangeletti, Chiara, Odaka, Shigeru, Ordek, Serhat, Ogrodnik, Agnieszka Ewa, Oh, Alexander, Ohm, Carl Christian, Oide, Hideyuki, Oishi, Reiyo, Ojeda, Martina Laura, Okawa, H., Okazaki, Yuta, Arce, Ayana Tamu, O'keefe, Michael William, Okumura, Yasuyuki, Olariu, Albert, Oleiro Seabra, Luis Filipe, Olivares Pino, Sebastian Andres, Oliveira Damazio, Denis, Oliver, Jason Lea, Olsson, Mats Joakim Robert, Olszewski, Andrzej Jan, Olszowska, Jolanta Barbara, Arguin, Jean-francois, Oncel, Omer Ogul, O'neil, Dugan Clive, O'neill, Aaron Paul, Onofre, Antonio, Onyisi, P. U. E., Oppen, Henrik, Oreamuno Madriz, Rafael Guillermo, Oreglia, Mark, Orellana, Gonzalo Enrique, Orestano, Domizia, Argyropoulos, Spyridon, Orlando, Nicola, Orr, Robert Steell, O'shea, Valentine, Ospanov, Rustem, Otero Y Garzon, Gustavo Javier, Otono, Hidetoshi, Ott, Philipp Sebastian, Ottino, Gregory James, Ouchrif, Mohamed, Ouellette, Jeffrey Cortlandt, Arling, Jan-hendrik, Ould-saada, Farid, Ouraou, Ahmimed, Ouyang, Qun, Owen, Mark Andrew, Owen, Rhys Edward, Ozcan, Erkcan Veysi, Ozturk, Nurcan, Pacalt, Josef, Pacey, Holly Ann, Pachal, Katherine, Budagov, Yulian, Armbruster, Aaron James, Pacheco Pages, Andres, Padilla Aranda, Cristobal, Pagan Griso, Simone, Palacino Caviedes, Gabriel David, Palazzo, Serena, Palestini, Sandro, Palka, Marek, Palni, Prabhakar, Pandini, Carlo Enrico, Panduro Vazquez, Jose Guillermo, Armstrong, A., Pani, Priscilla, Panizzo, Giancarlo, Paolozzi, Lorenzo, Papadatos, Constantine, Papageorgiou, K., Parajuli, Santosh, Paramonov, Alexander, Paraskevopoulos, Christos Dimitrios, Paredes Hernandez, Daniela Katherinne, Paredes Saenz, Santiago Rafael, Arnaez, Olivier Ludovic, Parida, Bibhuti, Park, Tae Hyoun, Parker, Adam Jackson, Parker, Andrew Michael, Parodi, Fabrizio, Parrish, Elliot Wesley, Parsons, John, Parzefall, Ulrich, Pascual Dominguez, Luis, Pascuzzi, Vincent, Arnold, Hannah Ruth, Pasquali, Federica, Pasqualucci, Enrico, Passaggio, Stefano, Pastore, Francesca, Pasuwan, Patrawan, Pataraia, S., Pater, Joleen, Pathak, Atanu, Patton, Joseph, Pauly, Thilo, Arrubarrena Tame, Zulit Paola, Pearkes, Jannicke Andree, Pedersen, Maiken, Pedraza Diaz, Lucia, Costa Batalha Pedro, Rute, Peiffer, Thomas, Peleganchuk, Sergey, Penc, Ondrej, Peng, Chen, Peng, Haiping, Sotto-maior Peralva, Bernardo, Artoni, Giacomo, Perego, Marta Maria, Pereira Peixoto, Ana Paula, Pereira Sanchez, Laura, Perepelitsa, Dennis Vadimovich, Perez Codina, Estel, Perini, Laura, Pernegger, Heinz, Perrella, Sabrina, Perrevoort, Ann-kathrin, Peters, Krisztian, Asada, Haruka, Peters, Reinhild, Petersen, Brian Aagaard, Petersen, Troels Christian, Petit, Elisabeth, Petousis, Vlasios, Petridou, Charikleia, Petrucci, Fabrizio, Pettee, Mariel Nelson, Pettersson, Nora Emilia, Petukhova, Krystsina, Asai, Kanae, Peyaud, Alan, Pezoa Rivera, Raquel Andrea, Pezzotti, Lorenzo, Pham, Le Ha Thu, Phillips, Peter William, Phipps, Michael William, Piacquadio, Nicola Giacinto, Pianori, Elisabetta, Picazio, Attilio, Pickles, R. H., Asai, Shoji, Piegaia, Ricardo Nestor, Pietreanu, Dorel, Pilcher, James, Pilkington, Andrew Denis, Pinamonti, Michele, Pinfold, James, Pitman Donaldson, Charlie Bruno, Pitt, M., Pizzimento, Luca, Pizzini, Alessio, Asawatavonvanich, T., Pleier, Marc-andre, Plesanovs, Vladislavs, Pleskot, Vojtech, Plotnikova, Elena, Podberezko, Pavel, Pottgen, Ruth, Poggi, Riccardo, Poggioli, Luc, Pogrebnyak, Ivan, Pohl, David-leon, Buxo Vazquez, Carlos Josue, Asbah, Nedaa B I, Pokharel, Ishan, Polesello, Giacomo, Poley, Anne-luise, Policicchio, Antonio, Polifka, Richard, Polini, Alessandro, Pollard, Christopher Samuel, Polychronakos, Venetios, Ponomarenko, Daniil, Pontecorvo, Ludovico, Asimakopoulou, Eleni Myrto, Popa, Stefan, Popeneciu, Gabriel Alexandru, Portales, Louis Adrien Paul, Portillo Quintero, Dilia Maria, Pospisil, Stanislav, Potamianos, Karolos Jozef, Potrap, Igor, Potter, Christina Jane, Potti, Harish, Poulsen, Trine, Asquith, Lily, Poveda Torres, Joaquin, Powell, Thomas Dennis, Pownall, Gavin Dominic, Pozo Astigarraga, Mikel Eukeni, Prades Ibanez, Alberto, Pralavorio, Pascal, Prapa, Maria Myrto, Prell, Soeren Andre, Price, Darren David, Primavera, Margherita, Assahsah, Jihad, Proffitt, Mason Louis, Proklova, Nadezda, Prokoév, K., Prokoshin, Fedor, Protopopescu, Serban Dan, Proudfoot, James, Przybycien, Mariusz, Pudzha, Denis, Puri, A., Puzo, Patrick Michel, Assamagan, Ketevi Adikle, Pyatiizbyantseva, Diana, Qian, Jianming, Qin, Yang, Quadt, Arnulf, Queitsch-maitland, Michaela, Rabanal Bolanos, Gabriel, Racko, M., Ragusa, Francesco, Rahal, Ghita, Raine, John Andrew, Astalos, Robert, Rajagopalan, Srinivasan, Morales, A. Ramirez, Ran, Kunlin, Rassloff, Damir Fabrice, Rauch, Daniel Mauricio, Rauscher, F., Rave, Stefan, Ravina, Baptiste, Ravinovich, Ilia, Raymond, Michel, Atkin, Ryan Justin, Read, Alexander Lincoln, Readioff, Nathan Peter, Reale, M., Rebuzzi, Daniela Marcella, Redlinger, George, Reeves, Kendall Brad, Reikher, David, Reiss, Andreas Dominik, Rej, Amartya, Rembser, Christoph, Atkinson, Markus Julian, Renardi, Alessia, Renda, Michele, Rendel, Marian Benedikt, Rennie, Adam Graham, Resconi, Silvia, Resseguie, Elodie Deborah, Rettie, Sebastien, Reynolds, Bryan John Gardner, Reynolds, Elliot, Rezanova, Olga, Atlay, Naim Bora, Reznicek, Pavel, Ricci, Ester, Richter, Robert, Richter, Stefan, Richter-was, Elzbieta Maria, Ridel, Melissa, Rieck, Patrick, Rifki, Othmane, Rijssenbeek, Michael, Rimoldi, Adele, Atmani, Hicham, Rimoldi, Marco, Rinaldi, Lorenzo, Rinn, Timothy Thomas, Ripellino, Giulia, Riu Dachs, Inmaculada, Rivadeneira Bracho, Pablo Andres, Rivera Vergara, Juan Cristobal, Rizatdinova, Flera, Rizvi, Eram Syed, Rizzi, Chiara, Carbone, Antonio, Atmasiddha, Prachi Arvind, Robertson, Steven Hugh, Robin, Matthieu, Robinson, David, Robles Manzano, Maria, Robson, Aidan, Rocchi, Alessandro, Roda, Chiara, Rodriguez Bosca, Sergi, Rodriguez Rodriguez, Arturo, Rodriguez Vera, Ana Maria, Augsten, Kamil, Roe, Shaun, Roggel, Jens, Rohne, Ole Myren, Röhrig, R., Rojas Caballero, Rimsky Alejandro, Roland, Benoit, Roland, Christophe Pol A, Roloff, Jennifer Kathryn, Romaniouk, Anatoli, Romano, Marino, Austrup, Volker Andreas, Rompotis, Nikolaos, Ronzani, Manfredi, Roos, Lydia, Rosati, Stefano, Rosin, Guy, Rosser, Benjamin John, Rossi, Edoardo, Rossi, Eleonora, Rossi, Elvira, Rossi, Leonardo, Avolio, Giuseppe, Rossini, Lorenzo, Rosten, Rachel Christine, Rotaru, Marina, Rottler, Benjamin Tobias, Rousseau, David, Rovelli, Giulia, Roy, Avik, Roy, D., Rozanov, Alexandre, Rozen, Yoram, Ayoub, Mohamad Kassem, Ruan, Xifeng, Ruggeri, Tristan Andrew, Rühr, F., Ruiz Martinez, Maria Aranzazu, Rummler, Andre, Rurikova, Zuzana, Rusakovich, Nikolay, Russell, Heather Lynn, Rustige, Lennart, Rutherfoord, John P, Azuelos, Georges, Ruttinger, Elias Michael, Rybar, Martin, Rybkin, G., Rye, Eli Baverfjord, Ryzhov, Andrey, Sabater Iglesias, Jorge Andres, Sabatini, Paolo, Sabetta, Luigi, Sacerdoti, S., Sadrozinski, Hartmut, Babal, Dominik, Sadykov, Renat, Safai Tehrani, Francesco, Safarzadeh Samani, Batool, Safdari, Murtaza, Saha, Puja, Saha, Shreya, Sahinsoy, Merve, Sahu, Arunika, Saimpert, Matthias, Saito, Masahiko, Bachacou, Henri, Saito, Tomoyuki, Sakamoto, H., Salamani, Dalila, Salamanna, Giuseppe, Salnikov, Andrey, Salt, Jose, Salvador Salas, Adrian, Salvatore, Daniela, Salvatore, Pasquale Fabrizio, Salvucci, A., Bachas, Konstantinos, Salzburger, Andreas, Samarati, J., Sammel, Dirk, Sampsonidis, Dimitrios, Sampsonidou, Despoina, Sanchez Martinez, Francisco Javier, Sanchez Pineda, Arturo Rodolfo, Sandaker, Heidi, Sander, Christian Oliver, Sanderswood, Izaac Gregory, Backman, Karl Filip, Sandhoff, Marisa, Sandoval Usme, Carlos Eduardo, Sankey, D. P. C., Sannino, Mario, Sano, Yuta, Sansoni, Andrea, Santoni, Claudio, Santos, Helena Fatima, Santpur, Sai Neha, Santra, Arka, Carnesale, Maria, Bagnaia, Paolo, Saoucha, Kamal Abdelouadoud, Sapronov, Andrey, Mendes Saraiva, Joao Gentil, Sasaki, Osamu, Sato, Koji, Sauerburger, Frank Tobias, Sauvan, Emmanuel Jean, Savard, Pierre, Sawada, Ryu, Sawyer, Craig Anthony, Bahmani, M., Sawyer, Lee Hughie, Sayago Galvan, Ivan, Sbarra, Carla, Sbrizzi, Antonio, Scanlon, Timothy Paul, Schaarschmidt, Jana, Schacht, Peter, Schaefer, Douglas Michael, Schaefer, Leigh Catherine, Schaefer, Ulrich, Bahrasemani, H., Schaffer, Arthur Cornelius, Schaile, Dorothee Anne, Schamberger Jr, Robert Dean, Schanet, Eric, Scharf, Christian, Scharmberg, Nicolas, Schegelsky, V. A., Scheirich, Daniel, Schenck, Ferdinand Wilhelm, Schernau, Michael, Bailey, Adam, Schiavi, Carlo, Schildgen, Lara Katharina, Schillaci, Zachary Michael, Schioppa, Enrico Junior, Schioppa, Marco, Schleicher, Katharina, Schlenker, Stefan, Schmidt-Sommerfeld, K. R., Schmieden, Kristof, Schmitt, Christian, Bailey, Virginia Ruth, Schmitt, Stefan, Schoeffel, Laurent Olivier, Schoening, Andre, Scholer, Patrick Gerhard, Schopf, Elisabeth, Schott, Matthias, Schovancova, Jaroslava, Schramm, Steven Randolph, Schroeder, Frederic, Schulte, A., Baines, John, Schultz-coulon, Hans-christian, Schumacher, Markus, Schumm, Bruce Andrew, Schune, Ph., Schwartzman, Ariel Gustavo, Schwarz, Thomas Andrew, Schwemling, Ph., Schwienhorst, Reinhard Heinrich, Sciandra, Andrea, Sciolla, Gabriella, Bakalis, Christos, Scuri, Fabrizio, Scutti, Federico, Scyboz, L. M., Sebastiani, Cristiano, Sedlaczek, Kevin, Seema, Pienpen, Seidel, Sally Carol, Seiden, Abraham, Seidlitz, Blair Daniel, Seiss, Todd Michael, Baker, Keith Oliver, Seitz, Claudia, Seixas, Jose, Sekhniaidze, Givi, Sekula, Stephen Jacob, Semprini Cesari, Nicola, Sen, Sourav, Serfon, Cedric Louis Guy, Serin, Laurent, Serkin, Leonid, Sessa, Marco, Bakker, Pepijn Johannes, Severini, Horst, Sevova, Stanislava, Sforza, Federico, Sfyrla, Anna, Shabalina, Elizaveta, Shahinian, Jeffrey David, Shaikh, N. W., Shaked Renous, Dan, Shan, Lianyou, Shapiro, Marjorie, Bakos, Evelin, Sharma, Abhishek, Shatalov, Pavel, Shaw, Kate, Shaw, Savanna Marie, Shehade, M., Shen, Y., Sherman, A. D., Sherwood, Peter, Shi, Liaoshan, Cavalli, Noemi, Bakshi Gupta, Debottam, Shimmin, Chase Owen, Shimogama, Yoshihiro, Shimojima, M., Shinner, James David, Shipsey, Ian Peter, Shirabe, Shohei, Shiyakova, Mariya Marinova, Shlomi, Jonathan, Shmeleva, A., Shochet, Melvyn Jay, Balaji, Shyam, Shojaii, J., Shope, David Richard, Shrestha, Suyog, Shrif, Esra Mohammed, Shroff, Maheyer Jamshed, Shulga, Evgeny, Sicho, Petr, Sickles, Anne Marie, Sideras Haddad, Elias, Sidiropoulou, Ourania, Balasubramanian, Rahul, Sidoti, Antonio, Siegert, Frank, Sijacki, Dj., Silva, M. 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M., Snyder, Scott Stuart, Sobie, Randall, Balunas, William Keaton, Soffer, Abner, Søgaard, A., Sohns, Fabian, Solans Sanchez, Carlos Antonio, Soldatov, Evgeny, Soldevila Serrano, Urmila, Solodkov, Alexander, Soloshenko, Aleksey, Solovyanov, Oleg, Solovyev, Victor, Balz, Johannes, Sommer, Philip Oskar, Son, Hyungsuk, Sonay, Anil, Song, W., Song, Wen Yi, Sopczak, Andre, Sopio, Alexander Linus, Sopkova, Filomena, Sottocornola, Simone, Soualah, Rachik, Banas, Elzbieta Anna, Sukharev, Andrey, South, David Michael, Spagnolo, Stefania, Spalla, Margherita, Spangenberg, Martin, Spano, Francesco, Sperlich, Dennis, Spieker, Thomas Malte, Spigo, Giancarlo, Spina, Mario, Bandieramonte, Marilena, Spiteri, Dwayne Patrick, Spousta, Martin, Stabile, Alberto, Stamas, Brianna Lynn, Stamen, Rainer, Stamenkovic, Marko, Stampekis, Alexios, Stanecka, Ewa, Stanislaus, Beojan, Stanitzki, Marcel Michael, Rodriguez Chala, Mikael, Bandyopadhyay, Anjishnu, Stankaityte, Migle, Stapf, Birgit Sylvia, Starchenko, Evgeny, Stark, Giordon Holtsberg, Stark, Jan, Staroba, Pavel, Starovoitov, Pavel, Staerz, Steffen, Staszewski, Rafal Pawel, Stavropoulos, Georgios, Banerjee, Sw., Stegler, M., Steinberg, Peter Alan, Steinhebel, Amanda Lynn, Stelzer, Bernd, Stelzer, Harald Joerg, Stelzer-chilton, Oliver, Stenzel, Hasko, Stevenson, Thomas James, Stewart, Graeme Andrew, Stockton, Mark Christopher, Barak, Liron, Stoicea, Gabriel, Stolarski, Marcin, Stonjek, Stefan Matthias, Straessner, Arno, Strandberg, Jonas, Strandberg, Sara Kristina, Strauss, Michael George, Strebler, Thomas, Strizenec, Pavol, Strohmer, Raimund, Panchal, Devanshu Kiran, Strom, David Mattill, Stroynowski, Ryszard Andrzej, Strubig, Antonia Hanna, Stucci, Stefania Antonia, Stugu, Bjarne Sandvik, Stupak, John, Styles, Nicholas Adam, Su, Dong, Su, Wanyun, Su, Xiaowen, Penzin, Maksim, Suarez, Nicholas Bruno, Sulin, Vladimir, Sullivan, Matthew James, Sultan, D. M. S., Sultansoy, S., Sumida, Toshi, Sun, Siyuan, Sun, Xiaohu, Suster, Carl Joseph Edmund, Sutton, Mark Robert, Perganti, Maria, Suzuki, S., Svatos, Michal, Swiatlowski, Maximilian J, Swirski, Thorben, Sydorenko, A., Sykora, Ivan, Sykora, Martin, Sykora, Tomas, Ta, Duc Bao, Tackmann, Kerstin, Petroff, Pierre Guillaume, Taenzer, J., Taffard, Agnes Christine, Tafirout, Reda, Tagiev, Emin, Taibah, Reem Hani M, Takashima, Ryuichi, Takeda, Kosuke, Takeshita, Toru, Takeva, Emily Petrova, Takubo, Yosuke, Pezzullo, Gianantonio, Talby, Mossadek, Talyshev, Alexey, Tam, Kai Chung, Tamir, Nadav Michael, Tanaka, Junichi, Tanaka, Reisaburo, Tapia Araya, Sebastian, Tapprogge, Stefan, Tarek Abouelfadl Mohamed, Ahmed, Tarem, Shlomit, Piazza, Federica, Tariq, Khuram, Tarna, Grigore, Tartarelli, Giuseppe Francesco, Tas, Petr, Tasevsky, Marek, Tassi, Enrico, Tateno, Gen, Delgado, A. 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G., Tomoto, Makoto, Tompkins, Lauren Alexandra, Tornambe, Peter, Prokofiev, Kirill, Torrence, Eric Charles, Torres Davila, Heberth Jesus, Torro Pastor, Emma, Toscani, Mariana, Tosciri, Cecilia, Toth, Jozsef, Tovey, Daniel Russell, Traeet, Are Sivertsen, Treado, Colleen Jennifer, Trefzger, Thomas, Rezaei Estabragh, Mohsen, Tresoldi, F., Tricoli, Alessandro, Trigger, Isabel Marian, Trincaz-duvoid, Sophie, Trischuk, Dominique Anderson, Trischuk, William, Trocme, Benjamin Sebastien, Trofymov, Artur, Troncon, Clara, Trovato, Fabrizio, Riedler, Petra, Truong, Thi Ngoc Loan, Trzebinski, Maciej Marek, Trzupek, Adam, Tsai, Fang-ying, Tsiareshka, Pavel, Tsirigotis, Apostolos, Tsiskaridze, Vakhtang, Tskhadadze, Edisher, Tsopoulou, Maria-evanthia, Tsukerman, Ilya, Rinnagel, Maximilian Paul, Tsulaia, Vakhtang, Tsuno, Soshi, Tsybyshev, Dmitry, Tu, Yanjun, Tudorache, Alexandra, Tudorache, Valentina, Tuna, Alexander Naip, Turchikhin, Semen, Turgeman, Daniel, Turk Cakir, Ilkay, Roberts, Bryn Arthur, Turner, Russell James, Turra, Ruggero, Tuts, Philip Michael, Tzamarias, Spyridon, Tzovara, Eftychia, Uchida, Kenta, Ukegawa, Fumihiko, Unal, Guillaume Pierre, Unal, Mesut, Undrus, Alexander, Robles Gajardo, Carolina Michel, Unel, Gokhan Nafiz, Ungaro, Francesca, Wei, Chuanshun, Wilbern, Daniel John, Unno, Y., Uno, Kenta, Urban, Jozef, Urquijo, Phillip, Usai, Giulio, Uysal, Zekeriya, Rousso, David, Vacek, Vaclav, Vachon, Brigitte, Vadla, Knut Oddvar Hoie, Vafeiadis, Theodoros, Vaidya, A., Valderanis, Chrysostomos, Valdes Santurio, Eduardo, Valente, Marco, Valentinetti, Sara, Valero Biot, Jose Alberto, Chen, Andy, Ruby, Adam James, Valery, Loic Rene, Vallance, Robert Adam, Vallier, Alexis Roger Louis, Van Daalen, Tal Roelof, Van Gemmeren, Peter, Van Stroud, Samuel, Van Vulpen, Ivo Boely, Vanadia, Marco, Vandelli, Wainer, Vandenbroucke, Maxence, Ruehr, Frederik, Wu, Jinfei, Vandewall, E. R., Vannicola, Damiano, Vari, Riccardo, Varnes, Erich Ward, Varni, Carlo, Wu, Zhibo, Varol, T., Varouchas, Dimitrios, Varvell, Kevin, Sanchez Sebastian, Victoria, Vasile, Matei Eugen, Vasquez Arenas, Gerardo Alexis, Vazeille, Francois, Vazquez Furelos, David, Vazquez Schroeder, Tamara, Veatch, Jason Robert, Vecchio, Valentina, Veen, Michiel Jan, Veloce, Laurelle Maria, Almeida Veloso, Filipe Manuel, Sandesara, Jay Ajitbhai, Veneziano, Stefano, Ventura, Andrea, Verbytskyi, Andrii, Vercesi, V., Verducci, Monica, Vergis, Christos, Verkerke, Wouter, Vermeulen, Ambrosius Thomas, Vermeulen, Joseph, Vernieri, Caterina, Sauer, Christof, Verschuuren, Pim Jordi, Viaux Maira, Nicolas, Vickey, Trevor Neil, Vickey Boeriu, Oana Elena, Viehhauser, G. H. 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D., Whalen, Kathleen Charlotte, Wharton, Andrew Mark, White, Aaron Stephen, White, Andrew Paul, White, Martin John, Whiteson, Daniel Ofir, Whitmore, B. W., Sijacki, Dorde, Wiedenmann, Werner, Wiel, Christian, Wielers, Monika Bernardine, Wieseotte, Natalie, Wiglesworth, Craig, Wiik-fuchs, Liv Antje Mari, Wilkens, Henric George, Wilkins, Lewis Joseph, Williams, Daniel Mays, Williams, Hugh Harrison, Sinha, Supriya, Williams, Sarah Louise, Willocq, Stephane Yves G, Windischhofer, Philipp Jonas, Wingerter, Isabelle, Winkels, E., Winklmeier, Frank, Winter, Benedict Tobias, Wittgen, Matthias Michael, Wobisch, Markus, Wolf, Anton, Solomon, Shalu, Woelker, Ricardo, Wollrath, Julian, Wolter, Marcin Wladyslaw, Wolters, Helmut, Wong, Vincent Wai Sum, Wongel, Alicia Franziska, Worm, Steven Duane, Wosiek, Barbara Krystyna, Wozniak, Krzysztof Wieslaw, Wraight, Kenneth Gibb, Soumaimi, Zainab, Wu, Sau Lan, Wu, Xin, Wu, Yusheng, Wurzinger, Jonas, Wyatt, Terence Richard, Wynne, Benjamin Michael, Xella, Stefania, Zormpa, Olga, Zou, Wenkai, Xia, L., Standke, Mark, Xiang, Jianhuan, Xiao, Xiong, Xie, Xiangyu, Xiotidis, Ioannis, Xu, Da, Xu, Hao, Xu, Hanlin, Xu, Lailin, Xu, Riley, Xu, T., Starko, Darij Markian, Xu, Wenhao, Xu, Yue, Xu, Zhongyukun, Xu, Zijun, Yabsley, Bruce Donald, Yacoob, Sahal, Yamaguchi, Naoki, Yamaguchi, Yohei, Yamamoto, A., Yamatani, Masahiro, Abed Abud, Adam, Clavijo Columbie, Jose Manuel, Strom, Lars Rickard, Yamazaki, Tomohiro, Yamazaki, Yuji, Yan, Jun, Yan, Zhen, Yang, Haijun, Yang, Hongtao, Yang, Siqi, Yang, Tianyi, Yang, Xiao, Yang, Xuan, Su, Shixiang, Yang, Yi-lin, Yang, Zhe, Yao, Weiming, Yap, Yee Chinn, Ye, Hanfei, Ye, Jingbo, Ye, Shuwei, Yeletskikh, Ivan, Yexley, Melissa Rebecca, Yigitbasi, E., Sugizaki, Kaito, Yin, Pengqi, Yorita, Kohei, Yoshihara, Keisuke, Young, Christopher, Young, Charles Chunghoi, Yu, J., Yuan, Rui, Yue, Xiaoguang, Zaazoua, Mohamed, Zabinski, Bartlomiej Henryk, Sultanov, Saleh, Zacharis, Georgios, Zaffaroni, Ettore, Zahreddine, Jad, Zaytsev, Alexander, Zakareishvili, Tamar, Zakharchuk, Nataliia, Zambito, Stefano, Zanzi, Daniele, Zeissner, Sonja Verena, Zeitnitz, Christian, Sun, Shaojun, Zemaityte, Gabija, Zeng, Jiancong, Zenin, Oleg, Zenis, Tibor, Zerwas, Dirk, Zgubic, Miha, Zhang, Bowen, Zhang, Dengfeng, Zhang, Gang, Zhang, Jinlong, Gudnadottir, Olga, Zhang, Kaili, Zhang, Lei, Zhang, L., Zhang, Matt, Zhang, Rui, Zhang, Shuzhou, Zhang, Xiangke, Zhang, Xueyao, Zhang, Y., Zhang, Zhiqing Philippe, Tanaka, Aoto, Zhang, Z., Zhao, Pingchuan, Zhao, Yuzhan, Zhao, Zhengguo, Zhemchugov, Alexey, Zheng, Zhi, Zhong, Dewen, Zhou, Bing, Zhou, Chen, Zhou, Hao, Tao, Zhengcheng, Zhou, M., Zhou, Ning, Zhou, You, Zhu, Chengguang, Zhu, Chenzheng, Zhu, Heling, Zhu, Hongbo, Zhu, Junjie, Zhu, Yingchun, Zhuang, Xuai, Thielmann, Oliver, Zhukov, Konstantin, Zhulanov, Vladimir, Zieminska, Daria, Zimine, Nikolai, Zimmermann, Stephanie Ulrike, Zinonos, Z., Ziolkowski, Michael, Zivkovic, Lidija, Zobernig, G., Zoccoli, Antonio, Tian, Yusong, Zoch, Knut, Zorbas, Theodoros Georgio, Zou, R., Zwalinski, Lukasz Krzysztof, ATLAS Collaboration, Coelho Barrue, Ricardo Filipe, Tikhonov, Yuriy, Tlou, Sijiye Humphry, Tnourji, Abdellah, Togawa, Manabu, Tsiamis, Angelos, Tsur, Omer, Tzanis, Polyneikis, Ushioda, Risa, Valls Ferrer, Juan Antonio, Van De Wall, Evan Richard, Coelli, Simone, Vannoli, Leonardo, Mete, Tulin, Vaslin, Louis, Veliscek, Iza, Verissimo De Araujo, Micael, Vesterbacka Olsson, Minna Leonora, Vetterli, Michel Joseph, Vladimirov, Vangelis, Voevodina, Elena, Vozdecky, Lubos, Conroy, Eimear Isobel, Wagner, Cooper, Wakida, Moe, Barberio, Elisabetta Luigia, Barberis, Dario, Barbero, Marlon Benoit, Barbour, Gregory, Barillari, Teresa, Barisits, Martin-stefan, Barkeloo, Jason Tyler Colt, Barklow, Timothy Laurence, Cooke, Harry George, Barnea, R., Barnett, Bruce Macleod, Barnett, Michael Ralph, Barnovska-Blenessy, Z., Baroncelli, Antonio, Barone, Gaetano, Barr, Alan James, Barranco Navarro, Laura, Barreiro Alonso, Fernando, Barreiro Guimaraes Da Costa, Joao Pedro, Cote, Benjamin Michael, Barron, Uriel, Barsov, Sergey, Bartels, Falk, Bartoldus, Rainer, Bartolini, Giovanni, Barton, Adam Edward, Bartos, Pavol, Basalaev, Artem, Basan, Alexander, Bassalat, Ahmed, Cristoforetti, Marco, Basso, Matthew Joseph, Bates, Richard Laurence, Batlamous, Souad, Batley, John Richard, Batool, Binish, Battaglia, Marco, Bauce, Matteo, Bauer, Florian, Bauer, Patrick, Bawa, Harinder Singh, Darmora, Smita, Bayirli, Arif, Beacham, James Baker, Beau, Tristan, Beauchemin, Pierre-hugues, Becherer, Fabian Horst, Bechtle, Philip, Beck, H. C., Beck, Hanspeter, Becker, Anne Kathrin Ellen, Becot, Cyril Pascal, Davis-purcell, Benjamin Richard, Beddall, A., Beddall, Andrew John, Bednyakov, Vadim, Bedognetti, M., Bee, Christopher Peter, Beermann, Thomas Alfons, Begalli, Marcia, Begel, Michael Arlen, Behera, Arabinda, Behr, Janna Katharina, Degens, Jordy, Beisiegel, Florian, Belfkir, Mohamed, Auricchio, Silvia, Bella, Gideon, Bellagamba, Lorenzo, Bellerive, Alain, Bellos, Panagiotis, Beloborodov, Konstantin, Belotskiy, Konstantin, Belyaev, Nikita, Abeling, Kira, Dinu, Ioan-mihail, Benchekroun, Driss, Benekos, N., Benhammou, Yan, Benjamin, Douglas Paul, Benoit, Mathieu, Bensinger, James, Bentvelsen, Stanislaus, Beresford, Lydia Audrey, Beretta, Matteo Mario, Berge, David, Eckerova, Barbora, Bergeaas Kuutmann, Elin, Berger, Nicolas, Bergmann, Benedikt Ludwig, Bergsten, Laura Jean, Beringer, Juerg Andreas, Berlendis, Simon Paul, Bernardi, Gregorio, Bernius, Catrin, Bernlochner, Florian Urs, Berry, Tracey Sharon, Egidio Purcino De Souza, Edmar, Berta, Peter, Berthold, Anne-sophie, Bertram, Iain Alexander, Bylund, O. 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W. S., Carter, Thomas Michael, Casado Lechuga, Pilar Maria, Casha, Albert Francis, Abidi, Syed Haider, Halser, Lea, Castiglia, Emma Grace, Castillo, Florencia Luciana, Castillo Garcia, Lucia, Castillo Gimenez, Victoria, Castro, Nuno Filipe, Catinaccio, Andrea, Catmore, James Richard, Cattai, Ariella, Cavaliere, Viviana, Cavasinni, Vincenzo, Harris, Ynyr Theophilus, Celebi, Emre, Celli, Federico, Cerny, Karel, Santiago Cerqueira, Augusto, Cerri, Alessandro, Cerrito, Lucio, Cerutti, Fabio, Cervelli, Alberto, Cetin, Serkant Ali, Chadi, Zakaria, He, Yajun, Chakraborty, Dhiman, Chan, J., Chan, Wing Sheung, Chan, Wai Yuen, Chapman, John Derek, Chargeishvili, Bakar, Charlton, David, Charman, Thomas Paul, Chatterjee, Meghranjana, Chau, Chav Chhiv, Hodkinson, Benjamin Haslum, Che, S., Chekanov, Sergei, Chekulaev, Sergey, Shelkov, Georgy, Chen, Boping, Chen, Cheng, Chen, Chunhui, Chen, Huirun, Chen, Hucheng, Chen, Jing, Hofer, Judith, Chen, Jue, Chen, Jiayi, Chen, Shion, Chen, Shenjian, Chen, Xin, Chen, Ye, Chen, Yu-heng, Cheng, Hok Chuen, Cheng, Huajie, Cheplakov, Alexander, Honan, Benjamin Paul, Cheremushkina, Evgeniya, Cherkaoui El Moursli, Rajaa, Cheu, Elliott Curtis, Cheung, Kingman, Chevalier, Laurent Pascal, Chiarella, Vitaliano, Chiarelli, Giorgio, Chiodini, Gabriele, Chisholm, Andrew Stephen, Chitan, Adrian, Hong, Jiangliu, Chiu, I-huan, Chiu, Yu Him Justin, Chizhov, Mihail, Choi, Kyungeon, Chomont, Arthur Rene, Chou, Yuan-tang, Chow, Yun Sang, Christopher, Lawrence Davou, Chu, Ming Chung, Chu, Xiaotong, Hsu, Pai-hsien, Chudoba, Jiri, Chwastowski, Janusz Jerzy, Chytka, L., Cieri, Davide, Ciesla, Krzysztof Marcin, Cindro, Vladimir, Cioara, Irina Antonela, Ciocio, Alessandra, Cirotto, Francesco, Citron, Zvi Hirsh, Ingebretsen Carlson, Tom, Citterio, Mauro, Ciubotaru, Dan Andrei, Ciungu, Bianca Monica, Clark, Allan, Clark, Philip James, Clawson, Savannah Ellen, Clement, Christophe, Clissa, Luca, Coadou, Yann, Cobal, Marina, Jagfeld, Christoph, Coccaro, Andrea, Cochran Jr, James Herbert, Coelho Lopes De Sa, Rafael, Cohen, Hadar Yosef, Cardoso Coimbra, Artur Emanuel, Cole, Brian, Colijn, A. P., Collot, Johann, Conde Muino, Patricia, Connell, Simon Henry, Abusleme Hoffman, Angel Christian, Jones, Dominic Matthew, Connelly, Ian Allan, Constantinescu, S., Conventi, Francesco, Sarkar, Amanda Margaret, Cormier, Felix, Cormier, K. J. R., Corpe, Louie Dartmoor, Corradi, Massimo, Corrigan, Eric Edward, Corriveau, Francois, Ke, Yan, Costa Mezquita, Maria Jose, Costanza, Francesco, Costanzo, Davide, Cowan, Glen Douglas, Cowley, James William, Crane, Jonathan, Cranmer, Kyle Stuart, Creager, Rachael Ann, Crepe-renaudin, Sabine, Crescioli, Francesco, Kilgallon, Aaron Joseph, Cristinziani, Markus, Croft, Vincent Alexander, Crosetti, Giovanni, Cueto Gomez, Ana Rosario, Cuhadar Donszelmann, Tulay, Cui, Han, Cukierman, Aviv Ruben, Cunningham, William Reilly, Czekierda, Sabina Anna, Czodrowski, Patrick Karl, Klein, Lucas, Czurylo, Marta Maja, Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa, Mario Jose, Da Fonseca Pinto, Joao Victor, Da Via, Cinzia, Dabrowski, Wladyslaw, Dachs, F., Dado, Tomas, Dahbi, Salah-eddine, Dai, Tiesheng, Dallapiccola, Carlo James, Knight, Timothy Michael, Dam, Mogens, D'amen, Gabriele, D'amico, Valerio, Damp, Johannes Frederic, Dandoy, Jeffrey Rogers, Daneri, Maria Florencia, Danninger, Matthias, Dao, Valerio, Darbo, Giovanni, Dartsi, O., Korn, Steffen, Dattagupta, Aparajita, Daubney, T., D'auria, Saverio, David, Claire Anne Sophie, Davidek, Tomas, Davis, Douglas Raymond, Dawson, Ian, De, Kaushik, De Asmundis, Riccardo, De Beurs, Marcus, Kortman, Bryan, De Castro, Stefano, De Groot, Nicolo, De Jong, Paulus Johannes, De La Torre Perez, Hector, De Maria, Antonio, De Pedis, Daniele, De Salvo, Alessandro, De Sanctis, Umberto, De Santis, M., De Santo, Antonella, Kuhn, Susanne Sabine, De Vivie De Regie, Jean-baptiste, Dedovich, Dmitry, Deiana, Allison Mccarn, Del Peso, Jose, Delabat Diaz, Yasiel, Delgove, D., Deliot, Frederic, Delitzsch, Chris Malena, Della Pietra, Massimo, Della Volpe, Domenico, Koultchitski, Iouri, Dell'acqua, Andrea, Dell'asta, Lidia, Delmastro, Marco, Delporte, C., Delsart, Pierre-antoine, Demers Konezny, Sarah Marie, Demichev, Mikhail, Demontigny, G., Denisov, Sergei Petrovich, D'eramo, Louis, Kumar, Mukesh, Derendarz, Dominik Karol, Derkaoui, Jamal Eddine, Derue, Frederic, Dervan, Paul John, Desch, Klaus Kurt, Dette, Karola, Deutsch, Christopher, Devesa, M. R., Deviveiros, Pier-olivier, Di Bello, Francesco Armando, Agarwala, Jinky, Kumari, Neelam, Di Ciaccio, Anna, Di Ciaccio, Lucia, Di Donato, Camilla, Di Girolamo, Alessandro, Di Gregorio, Giulia, Di Luca, Andrea, Di Micco, Biagio, Di Nardo, Roberto, Di Petrillo, K. F., Di Sipio, R., Lad, Nisha Nareshbhai, Diaconu, Cristinel, De Almeida Dias, Flavia, Dias Do Vale, Tiago, Diaz Gutierrez, Marco Aurelio, Diaz Capriles, Federico Guillermo, Dickinson, Jennet Elizabeth, Didenko, Mariia, Diehl, Edward Brereton, Dietrich, Janet, Diez Cornell, Sergio, Lalloue, Nathan, Diez Pardos, Carmen, Dimitrievska, Aleksandra, Ding, Wei, Dingfelder, Jochen Christian, Dittmeier, Sebastian, Dittus, Fridolin, Djama, Fares, Djobava, Tamar, Djuvsland, Julia Isabell, Barros Do Vale, Maria Aline, Leban, Blaz, Dobre, M., Dodsworth, D., Doglioni, Caterina, Dolejsi, Jiri, Dolezal, Zdenek, Donadelli, Marisilvia, Dong, Binbin, Donini, Julien Noce, D'onofrio, Adelina, D'onofrio, Monica, Le Compte, Thomas Joseph, Dopke, Jens, Doria, Alessandra, Dova, Maria Teresa, Doyle, Anthony Terence, Drechsler, Eric, Dreyer, Etienne, Dreyer, Timo, Drobac, Alec Swenson, Du, Dongshuo, Du Pree, Tristan Arnoldus, Leeuw, Lerothodi Leonard, Duan, Y., Dubinin, Filipp, Dubovsky, Michal, Dubreuil, Arnaud, Duchovni, Ehud, Duckeck, Gunter, Ducu, Otilia Anamaria, Duda, Dominik, Dudarev, Alexey, Duffield, E. M., Li, Chihao, D'uffizi, Matteo, Duflot, Laurent, Duehrssen-debling, Karl-michael, Dulsen, Carsten, Dumancic, M., Dumitriu, Ana Elena, Dunford, Monica Lynn, Dungs, Sascha, Duperrin, Arnaud Joel Yann, Yildiz, H. Duran, Lionti, Anthony Eric, Dueren, Michael Johannes, Durglishvili, Archil, Duschinger, D., Dutta, Baishali, Duvnjak, Damir, Dyckes, George Ian, Dyndal, Mateusz, Dysch, Samuel Dezso, Dziedzic, Bartosz Sebastian, Eggleston, Michael Glenn, Liss, Anthony Michael, Eifert, Till Felix, Eigen, Gerald, Einsweiler, Kevin Frank, Ekelof, Tord Johan Carl, El Jarrari, Hassnae, Ellajosyula, Venugopal, Ellert, Mattias Fredrik, Ellinghaus, Frank, Elliot, Alison Anne-marie, Ellis, Nicolas, Longo, Riccardo, Elmsheuser, Johannes, Elsing, Markus, Emeliyanov, Dmitry, Emerman, Alexander Zack, Enari, Yuji, Mondal, Buddhadeb, Erdmann, Johannes, Ereditato, Antonio, Erland, Paula Agnieszka, Errenst, Martin, Aparisi Pozo, Javier Alberto, Lu, Gangcheng, Escalier, Marc Achille, Escobar Ibanez, Carlos, Estrada Pastor, Oscar, Etzion, Erez, Evans, G. E., Evans, Harold, Evans, Meirin Oan, Ezhilov, Aleksei, Fabbri, Federica, Fabbri, Laura, Macdonell, Danika Marina, Fabiani, Veronica, Facini, Gabriel John, Fakhrutdinov, Rinat, Falciano, Speranza, Falke, Peter Johannes, Falke, Saskia, Faltova, Jana, Fang, Yi, Fang, Yaquan, Fanourakis, Georgios, Malecki, Pawel, Fanti, Marcello, Faraj, Mohammed, Farbin, Amir, Farilla, Addolorata, Farina, Edoardo Maria, Farooque, Trisha, Farrington, Sinead Marie, Farthouat, Philippe, Fassi, Farida, Fassnacht, P., Manisha, Manisha, Fassouliotis, Dimitrios, Faucci Giannelli, Michele, Fawcett, William James, Fayard, Louis, Fedin, Oleg, Fedorko, W., Fehr, Armin, Feickert, Matthew Carl, Feligioni, Lorenzo, Fell, Alexandra, Mathisen, Thomas, Feng, Cunfeng, Feng, Minyu, Fenton, Michael James, Fenyuk, Alexander, Ferguson, Sarah Whitney, Ferrando, James Edward, Ferrari, Arnaud, Ferrari, Pamela, Ferrari, Roberto, Ferreira de Lima, D. E., Mc Ginn, Christopher, Ferrere, Didier, Ferretti, Claudio, Fiedler, Frank Matthias, Filipcic, Andrej, Filthaut, Frank, Finelli, K. D., Castro Nunes Fiolhais, Miguel, Fiorini, Luca, Fischer, Florian, Fischer, Julian, Mc Kay, Madalyn Ann, Fisher, Wade Cameron, Fitschen, Tobias, Fleck, Ivor John, Fleischmann, Philipp, Flick, Tobias, Flierl, Bernhard Matthias, Flores, Lucas Macrorie, Flores Castillo, Luis Roberto, Follega, Francesco Maria, Fomin, Nikolai, Mentink, Matthias, Foo, Joel Hengwei, Forcolin, Giulio Tiziano, Forland, Blake Christopher, Formica, Andrea, Forster, Fabian Alexander, Forti, Alessandra, Fortin, Etienne Marie, Foti, Maria Giovanna, Fournier, Daniel Andre, Fox, Harald, Miralles Lopez, Marcos, Francavilla, Paolo, Francescato, Simone, Franchini, Matteo, Franchino, Silvia, Francis, David, Franco, Luca, Franconi, Laura, Franklin, Melissa, Frattari, Guglielmo, Fray, A. N., Miyazaki, Yuta, Freeman, Patrick Moriishi, Freund, Benjamin, Spolidoro Freund, Werner, Freundlich, Elena Murielle, Casadei, Diego, Froidevaux, Daniel, Frost, James Alexander, Fujimoto, Minori, Fukunaga, C., Fullana Torregrosa, Esteban, Aad, G, Bachas, K, Chiodini, G, Gorini, E, Gravili, F, Longo, L, Primavera, M, Reale, M, Schioppa, E, Spagnolo, S, Ventura, A, ATLAS Collaboration, And, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre de Calcul de l'IN2P3 (CC-IN2P3), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ATLAS, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aad, G., Abbott, B., Abbott, D. C., Abud, A. A., Abeling, K., Abhayasinghe, D. K., Abidi, S. H., Zeid, O. S. A., Abraham, N. L., Abramowicz, H., Abreu, H., Abulaiti, Y., Acharya, B. S., Achkar, B., Adam, L., Bourdarios, C. A., Adamczyk, L., Adamek, L., Adelman, J., Adiguzel, A., Adorni, S., Adye, T., Affolder, A. A., Afik, Y., Agapopoulou, C., Agaras, M. N., Aggarwal, A., Agheorghiesei, C., Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A., Ahmad, A., Ahmadov, F., Ahmed, W. S., Ai, X., Aielli, G., Akatsuka, S., Akbiyik, M., Akesson, T. P. A., Akilli, E., Akimov, A. V., Khoury, K. A., Alberghi, G. L., Albert, J., Verzini, M. J. A., Alderweireldt, S., Aleksa, M., Aleksandrov, I. N., Alexa, C., Alexopoulos, T., Alfonsi, A., Alfonsi, F., Alhroob, M., Ali, B., Ali, S., Aliev, M., Alimonti, G., Allaire, C., Allbrooke, B. M. M., Allen, B. W., Allport, P. P., Aloisio, A., Alonso, F., Alpigiani, C., Camelia, E. A., Estevez, M. A., Alviggi, M. G., Coutinho, Y. A., Ambler, A., Ambroz, L., Amelung, C., Amidei, D., Dos Santos, S. P. A., Amoroso, S., Amrouche, C. S., An, F., Anastopoulos, C., Andari, N., Andeen, T., Anders, J. K., Andrean, S. Y., Andreazza, A., Andrei, V., Anelli, C. R., Angelidakis, S., Angerami, A., Anisenkov, A. V., Annovi, A., Antel, C., Anthony, M. T., Antipov, E., Antonelli, M., Antrim, D. J. A., Anulli, F., Aoki, M., Pozo, J. A. A., Aparo, M. A., Bella, L. A., Aranzabal, N., Ferraz, V. A., Pereira, R. A., Arcangeletti, C., Arce, A. T. H., Arguin, J. -F., Argyropoulos, S., Arling, J. -H., Armbruster, A. J., Armstrong, A., Arnaez, O., Arnold, H., Tame, Z. P. A., Artoni, G., Asada, H., Asai, K., Asai, S., Asawatavonvanich, T., Asbah, N., Asimakopoulou, E. M., Asquith, L., Assahsah, J., Assamagan, K., Astalos, R., Atkin, R. J., Atkinson, M., Atlay, N. B., Atmani, H., Atmasiddha, P. A., Augsten, K., Austrup, V. A., Avolio, G., Ayoub, M. K., Azuelos, G., Babal, D., Bachacou, H., Bachas, K., Backman, F., Bagnaia, P., Bahmani, M., Bahrasemani, H., Bailey, A. J., Bailey, V. R., Baines, J. T., Bakalis, C., Baker, O. K., Bakker, P. J., Bakos, E., Gupta, D. B., Balaji, S., Balasubramanian, R., Baldin, E. M., Balek, P., Balli, F., Balunas, W. K., Balz, J., Banas, E., Bandieramonte, M., Bandyopadhyay, A., Banerjee, S., Barak, L., Barbe, W. M., Barberio, E. L., Barberis, D., Barbero, M., Barbour, G., Barillari, T., Barisits, M. -S., Barkeloo, J., Barklow, T., Barnea, R., Barnett, B. M., Barnett, R. M., Barnovska-Blenessy, Z., Baroncelli, A., Barone, G., Barr, A. J., Navarro, L. B., Barreiro, F., Guimaraes da Costa, J. B., Barron, U., Barsov, S., Bartels, F., Bartoldus, R., Bartolini, G., Barton, A. E., Bartos, P., Basalaev, A., Basan, A., Bassalat, A., Basso, M. J., Bates, R. L., Batlamous, S., Batley, J. R., Batool, B., Battaglia, M., Bauce, M., Bauer, F., Bauer, P., Bawa, H. S., Bayirli, A., Beacham, J. B., Beau, T., Beauchemin, P. H., Becherer, F., Bechtle, P., Beck, H. C., Beck, H. P., Becker, K., Becot, C., Beddall, A., Beddall, A. J., Bednyakov, V. A., Bedognetti, M., Bee, C. P., Beermann, T. A., Begalli, M., Begel, M., Behera, A., Behr, J. K., Beisiegel, F., Belfkir, M., Bell, A. S., Bella, G., Bellagamba, L., Bellerive, A., Bellos, P., Beloborodov, K., Belotskiy, K., Belyaev, N. L., Benchekroun, D., Benekos, N., Benhammou, Y., Benjamin, D. P., Benoit, M., Bensinger, J. R., Bentvelsen, S., Beresford, L., Beretta, M., Berge, D., Kuutmann, E. B., Berger, N., Bergmann, B., Bergsten, L. J., Beringer, J., Berlendis, S., Bernardi, G., Bernius, C., Bernlochner, F. U., Berry, T., Berta, P., Berthold, A., Bertram, I. A., Bylund, O. B., Besson, N., Bethke, S., Betti, A., Bevan, A. J., Beyer, J., Bhatta, S., Bhattacharya, D. S., Bhattarai, P., Bhopatkar, V. S., Bi, R., Bianchi, R. M., Biebel, O., Biedermann, D., Bielski, R., Bierwagen, K., Biesuz, N. V., Biglietti, M., Billoud, T. R. V., Bindi, M., Bingul, A., Bini, C., Biondi, S., Birch-sykes, C. J., Birman, M., Bisanz, T., Biswal, J. P., Biswas, D., Bitadze, A., Bittrich, C., Bjorke, K., Blazek, T., Bloch, I., Blocker, C., Blue, A., Blumenschein, U., Bobbink, G. J., Bobrovnikov, V. S., Bocchetta, S. S., Bogavac, D., Bogdanchikov, A. G., Bohm, C., Boisvert, V., Bokan, P., Bold, T., Bolz, A. E., Bomben, M., Bona, M., Bonilla, J. S., Boonekamp, M., Booth, C. D., Borbely, A. G., Borecka-Bielska, H. M., Borgna, L. S., Borisov, A., Borissov, G., Bortoletto, D., Boscherini, D., Bosman, M., Sola, J. D. B., Bouaouda, K., Boudreau, J., Bouhova-Thacker, E. V., Boumediene, D., Boveia, A., Boyd, J., Boye, D., Boyko, I. R., Bozson, A. J., Bracinik, J., Brahimi, N., Brandt, G., Brandt, O., Braren, F., Brau, B., Brau, J. E., Madden, W. D. B., Brendlinger, K., Brener, R., Brenner, L., Brenner, R., Bressler, S., Brickwedde, B., Briglin, D. L., Britton, D., Britzger, D., Brock, I., Brock, R., Brooijmans, G., Brooks, W. K., Brost, E., Bruckman de Renstrom, P. A., Bruers, B., Bruncko, D., Bruni, A., Bruni, G., Bruschi, M., Bruscino, N., Bryngemark, L., Buanes, T., Buat, Q., Buchholz, P., Buckley, A. G., Budagov, I. A., Bugge, M. K., Bulekov, O., Bullard, B. A., Burch, T. J., Burdin, S., Burgard, C. D., Burger, A. M., Burghgrave, B., Burr, J. T. P., Burton, C. D., Burzynski, J. C., Buscher, V., Buschmann, E., Bussey, P. J., Butler, J. M., Buttar, C. M., Butterworth, J. M., Butti, P., Buttinger, W., Vazquez, C. J. B., Buzatu, A., Buzykaev, A. R., Cabras, G., Urban, S. C., Caforio, D., Cai, H., Cairo, V. M. M., Cakir, O., Calace, N., Calafiura, P., Calderini, G., Calfayan, P., Callea, G., Caloba, L. P., Caltabiano, A., Lopez, S. C., Calvet, D., Calvet, S., Calvet, T. P., Calvetti, M., Toro, R. C., Camarda, S., Munoz, D. C., Camarri, P., Camerlingo, M. T., Cameron, D., Camincher, C., Campana, S., Campanelli, M., Camplani, A., Canale, V., Canesse, A., Bret, M. C., Cantero, J., Cao, T., Cao, Y., Capua, M., Cardarelli, R., Cardillo, F., Carducci, G., Carli, I., Carli, T., Carlino, G., Carlson, B. T., Carlson, E. M., Carminati, L., Carney, R. M. D., Caron, S., Carquin, E., Carra, S., Carratta, G., Carter, J. W. S., Carter, T. M., Casado, M. P., Casha, A. F., Castiglia, E. G., Castillo, F. L., Garcia, L. C., Gimenez, V. C., Castro, N. F., Catinaccio, A., Catmore, J. R., Cattai, A., Cavaliere, V., Cavasinni, V., Celebi, E., Celli, F., Cerny, K., Cerqueira, A. S., Cerri, A., Cerrito, L., Cerutti, F., Cervelli, A., Cetin, S. A., Chadi, Z., Chakraborty, D., Chan, J., Chan, W. S., Chan, W. Y., Chapman, J. D., Chargeishvili, B., Charlton, D. G., Charman, T. P., Chatterjee, M., Chau, C. C., Che, S., Chekanov, S., Chekulaev, S. V., Chelkov, G. A., Chen, B., Chen, C., Chen, C. H., Chen, H., Chen, J., Chen, S., Chen, S. J., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. -H., Cheng, H. C., Cheng, H. J., Cheplakov, A., Cheremushkina, E., El Moursli, R. C., Cheu, E., Cheung, K., Chevalerias, T. J. A., Chevalier, L., Chiarella, V., Chiarelli, G., Chiodini, G., Chisholm, A. S., Chitan, A., Chiu, I., Chiu, Y. H., Chizhov, M. V., Choi, K., Chomont, A. R., Chou, Y., Chow, Y. S., Christopher, L. D., Chu, M. C., Chu, X., Chudoba, J., Chwastowski, J. J., Chytka, L., Cieri, D., Ciesla, K. M., Cindro, V., Cioara, I. A., Ciocio, A., Cirotto, F., Citron, Z. H., Citterio, M., Ciubotaru, D. A., Ciungu, B. M., Clark, A., Clark, P. J., Clawson, S. E., Clement, C., Clissa, L., Coadou, Y., Cobal, M., Coccaro, A., Cochran, J., De Sa, R. C. L., Cohen, H., Coimbra, A. E. C., Cole, B., Colijn, A. P., Collot, J., Muino, P. C., Connell, S. H., Connelly, I. A., Constantinescu, S., Conventi, F., Cooper-Sarkar, A. M., Cormier, F., Cormier, K. J. R., Corpe, L. D., Corradi, M., Corrigan, E. E., Corriveau, F., Costa, M. J., Costanza, F., Costanzo, D., Cowan, G., Cowley, J. W., Crane, J., Cranmer, K., Creager, R. A., Crepe-Renaudin, S., Crescioli, F., Cristinziani, M., Croft, V., Crosetti, G., Cueto, A., Donszelmann, T. C., Cui, H., Cukierman, A. R., Cunningham, W. R., Czekierda, S., Czodrowski, P., Czurylo, M. M., Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa, M. J., Da Fonseca Pinto, J. V., Da Via, C., Dabrowski, W., Dachs, F., Dado, T., Dahbi, S., Dai, T., Dallapiccola, C., Dam, M., D'Amen, G., D'Amico, V., Damp, J., Dandoy, J. R., Daneri, M. F., Danninger, M., Dao, V., Darbo, G., Dartsi, O., Dattagupta, A., Daubney, T., D'Auria, S., David, C., Davidek, T., Davis, D. R., Dawson, I., De, K., De Asmundis, R., De Beurs, M., De Castro, S., De Groot, N., de Jong, P., De la Torre, H., De Maria, A., De Pedis, D., De Salvo, A., De Sanctis, U., De Santis, M., De Santo, A., De Vivie De Regie, J. B., Dedovich, D. V., Deiana, A. M., Del Peso, J., Diaz, Y. D., Delgove, D., Deliot, F., Delitzsch, C. M., Della Pietra, M., Della Volpe, D., Dell'Acqua, A., Dell'Asta, L., Delmastro, M., Delporte, C., Delsart, P. A., Demers, S., Demichev, M., Demontigny, G., Denisov, S. P., D'Eramo, L., Derendarz, D., Derkaoui, J. E., Derue, F., Dervan, P., Desch, K., Dette, K., Deutsch, C., Devesa, M. R., Deviveiros, P. O., Di Bello, F. A., Di Ciaccio, A., Di Ciaccio, L., Di Donato, C., Di Girolamo, A., Di Gregorio, G., Di Luca, A., Di Micco, B., Di Nardo, R., Di Petrillo, K. F., Di Sipio, R., Diaconu, C., Dias, F. A., Dias Do Vale, T., Diaz, M. A., Capriles, F. G. D., Dickinson, J., Didenko, M., Diehl, E. B., Dietrich, J., Cornell, S. D., Pardos, C. D., Dimitrievska, A., Ding, W., Dingfelder, J., Dittmeier, S. J., Dittus, F., Djama, F., Djobava, T., Djuvsland, J. I., Vale, M. A. B. D., Dobre, M., Dodsworth, D., Doglioni, C., Dolejsi, J., Dolezal, Z., Donadelli, M., Dong, B., Donini, J., D'Onofrio, A., D'Onofrio, M., Dopke, J., Doria, A., Dova, M. T., Doyle, A. T., Drechsler, E., Dreyer, E., Dreyer, T., Drobac, A. S., Du, D., du Pree, T. A., Duan, Y., Dubinin, F., Dubovsky, M., Dubreuil, A., Duchovni, E., Duckeck, G., Ducu, O. A., Duda, D., Dudarev, A., Dudder, A. C., Duffield, E. M., D'Uffizi, M., Duflot, L., Duhrssen, M., Dulsen, C., Dumancic, M., Dumitriu, A. E., Dunford, M., Dungs, S., Duperrin, A., Yildiz, H. D., Duren, M., Durglishvili, A., Duschinger, D., Dutta, B., Duvnjak, D., Dyckes, G. I., Dyndal, M., Dysch, S., Dziedzic, B. S., Eggleston, M. G., Eifert, T., Eigen, G., Einsweiler, K., Ekelof, T., El Jarrari, H., Ellajosyula, V., Ellert, M., Ellinghaus, F., Elliot, A. A., Ellis, N., Elmsheuser, J., Elsing, M., Emeliyanov, D., Emerman, A., Enari, Y., Epland, M. B., Erdmann, J., Ereditato, A., Erland, P. A., Errenst, M., Escalier, M., Escobar, C., Pastor, O. E., Etzion, E., Evans, G. E., Evans, H., Evans, M. O., Ezhilov, A., Fabbri, F., Fabbri, L., Fabiani, V., Facini, G., Fakhrutdinov, R. M., Falciano, S., Falke, P. J., Falke, S., Faltova, J., Fang, Y., Fanourakis, G., Fanti, M., Faraj, M., Farbin, A., Farilla, A., Farina, E. M., Farooque, T., Farrington, S. M., Farthouat, P., Fassi, F., Fassnacht, P., Fassouliotis, D., Giannelli, M. F., Fawcett, W. J., Fayard, L., Fedin, O. L., Fedorko, W., Fehr, A., Feickert, M., Feligioni, L., Fell, A., Feng, C., Feng, M., Fenton, M. J., Fenyuk, A. B., Ferguson, S. W., Ferrando, J., Ferrari, A., Ferrari, P., Ferrari, R., Ferreira de Lima, D. E., Ferrer, A., Ferrere, D., Ferretti, C., Fiedler, F., Filipcic, A., Filthaut, F., Finelli, K. D., Fiolhais, M. C. N., Fiorini, L., Fischer, F., Fischer, J., Fisher, W. C., Fitschen, T., Fleck, I., Fleischmann, P., Flick, T., Flierl, B. M., Flores, L., Castillo, L. R. F., Follega, F. M., Fomin, N., Foo, J. H., Forcolin, G. T., Forland, B. C., Formica, A., Forster, F. A., Forti, A. C., Fortin, E., Foti, M. G., Fournier, D., Fox, H., Francavilla, P., Francescato, S., Franchini, M., Franchino, S., Francis, D., Franco, L., Franconi, L., Franklin, M., Frattari, G., Fray, A. N., Freeman, P. M., Freund, B., Freund, W. S., Freundlich, E. M., Frizzell, D. C., Froidevaux, D., Frost, J. A., Fujimoto, M., Fukunaga, C., Torregrosa, E. F., Fusayasu, T., Fuster, J., Gabrielli, A., Gadatsch, S., Gadow, P., Gagliardi, G., Gagnon, L. G., Gallardo, G. E., Gallas, E. J., Gallop, B. J., Goni, R. G., Gan, K. K., Ganguly, S., Gao, J., Gao, Y., Gao, Y. S., Walls, F. M. G., Garcia, C., Navarro, J. E. G., Pascual, J. A. G., Garcia-Argos, C., Garcia-Sciveres, M., Gardner, R. W., Garelli, N., Gargiulo, S., Garner, C. A., Garonne, V., Gasiorowski, S. J., Gaspar, P., Gaudiello, A., Gaudio, G., Gauzzi, P., Gavrilenko, I. L., Gavrilyuk, A., Gay, C., Gaycken, G., Gazis, E. N., Geanta, A. A., Gee, C. M., Gee, C. N. P., Geisen, J., Geisen, M., Gemme, C., Genest, M. H., Geng, C., Gentile, S., George, S., Geralis, T., Gerlach, L. O., Gessinger-Befurt, P., Gessner, G., Bostanabad, M. G., Ghneimat, M., Ghosh, A., Giacobbe, B., Giagu, S., Giangiacomi, N., Giannetti, P., Giannini, A., Giannini, G., Gibson, S. M., Gignac, M., Gil, D. T., Gilbert, B. J., Gillberg, D., Gilles, G., Gillwald, N. E. K., Gingrich, D. M., Giordani, M. P., Giraud, P. F., Giugliarelli, G., Giugni, D., Giuli, F., Gkaitatzis, S., Gkialas, I., Gkougkousis, E. L., Gkountoumis, P., Gladilin, L. K., Glasman, C., Glatzer, J., Glaysher, P. C. F., Glazov, A., Gledhill, G. R., Gnesi, I., Goblirsch-Kolb, M., Godin, D., Goldfarb, S., Golling, T., Golubkov, D., Gomes, A., Gama, R. G., Goncalo, R., Gonella, G., Gonella, L., Gongadze, A., Gonnella, F., Gonski, J. L., Gonzalez de la Hoz, S., Fernandez, S. G., Lopez, R. G., Renteria, C. G., Suarez, R. G., Gonzalez-Sevilla, S., Rodriguez, G. R. G., Goossens, L., Gorasia, N. A., Gorbounov, P. A., Gordon, H. A., Gorini, B., Gorini, E., Gorisek, A., Goshaw, A. T., Gostkin, M. I., Gottardo, C. A., Gouighri, M., Goussiou, A. G., Govender, N., Goy, C., Grabowska-Bold, I., Graham, E. C., Gramling, J., Gramstad, E., Grancagnolo, S., Grandi, M., Gratchev, V., Gravila, P. M., Gravili, F. G., Gray, C., Gray, H. M., Grefe, C., Gregersen, K., Gregor, I. M., Grenier, P., Grevtsov, K., Grieco, C., Grieser, N. A., Grillo, A. A., Grimm, K., Grinstein, S., Grivaz, J. -F., Groh, S., Gross, E., Grosse-Knetter, J., Grout, Z. J., Grud, C., Grummer, A., Grundy, J. C., Guan, L., Guan, W., Gubbels, C., Guenther, J., Guerguichon, A., Rojas, J. G. R. G., Guescini, F., Guest, D., Gugel, R., Guida, A., Guillemin, T., Guindon, S., Guo, J., Guo, W., Guo, Y., Guo, Z., Gupta, R., Gurbuz, S., Gustavino, G., Guth, M., Gutierrez, P., Gutschow, C., Guyot, C., Gwenlan, C., Gwilliam, C. B., Haaland, E. S., Haas, A., Haber, C., Hadavand, H. K., Hadef, A., Haleem, M., Haley, J., Hall, J. J., Halladjian, G., Hallewell, G. 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G., Herrmann, T., Herten, G., Hertenberger, R., Hervas, L., Hesketh, G. G., Hessey, N. P., Hibi, H., Higashino, S., Higon-Rodriguez, E., Hildebrand, K., Hill, J. C., Hill, K. K., Hiller, K. H., Hillier, S. J., Hils, M., Hinchliffe, I., Hinterkeuser, F., Hirose, M., Hirose, S., Hirschbuehl, D., Hiti, B., Hladik, O., Hobbs, J., Hobincu, R., Hod, N., Hodgkinson, M. C., Hoecker, A., Hohn, D., Hohov, D., Holm, T., Holmes, T. R., Holzbock, M., Hommels, L. B. A. H., Hong, T. M., Honig, J. C., Honle, A., Hooberman, B. H., Hopkins, W. H., Horii, Y., Horn, P., Horyn, L. A., Hou, S., Hoummada, A., Howarth, J., Hoya, J., Hrabovsky, M., Hrivnac, J., Hrynevich, A., Hryn'Ova, T., Hsu, P. J., Hsu, S. -C., Hu, Q., Hu, S., Hu, Y. F., Huang, D. P., Huang, X., Huang, Y., Hubacek, Z., Hubaut, F., Huebner, M., Huegging, F., Huffman, T. B., Huhtinen, M., Hulsken, R., Hunter, R. F. 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L., Zhu, H., Zhu, J., Zhu, Y., Zhuang, X., Zhukov, K., Zhulanov, V., Zieminska, D., Zimine, N. I., Zimmermann, S., Zinonos, Z., Ziolkowski, M., Zivkovic, L., Zobernig, G., Zoccoli, A., Zoch, K., Zorbas, T. G., Zou, R., Zwalinski, L., Universidade do Minho, De Castro , S., Fabbri , L., Gabrielli , A., Rinaldi , L., Semprini Cesari , N., Sioli , M., Villa , M., Zoccoli , A., Bellagamba , L., Boscherini , D., Bruni , A., Bruni , G., Giacobbe , B., Polini , A., Sbarra , C., Sidoti , A., Franchini , M., Romano , M., Valentinetti , S., Alberghi , G. L., Lasagni Manghi , F, Massa , L., Vittori , C., Alfonsi , F, Cabras , G., Cervelli , A., Negrini , M., Todome , K., Carratta , G., Cavalli , N., Clissa , L., ATLAS collaboration, Współautorami artykułu są członkowie ATLAS Collaboration w liczbie 2934, Aloisio, Alberto, Alviggi, Mariagrazia, Canale, Vincenzo, Della Pietra, Massimo, Merola, Leonardo, Massarotti, Paolo, Conventi, Francesco, Rossi, Elvira, Carlino, Giampaolo, de Asmundis, Riccardo, Di Donato, Camilla, Doria, Alessandra, Iengo, Paolo, Izzo, Vincenzo, Perrella, Sabrina, Sekhniaidze, Givi, Cirotto, Francesco, Lavorgna, Marco, Giannini, Antonio, Atlas, Collaboration, ATLAS (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), and Other Research IHEF (IoP, FNWI)
Subjects: Experimental Evidence, LHC, ATLAS, High Energy Physics, Lepton universality, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 13000 GeV-cms, Z0: branching ratio: upper limit, Flavour, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, +electron+tau%22">Z0 --> electron tau, High Energy Physics - Experiment, law.invention, Subatomär fysik, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, branching ratio: upper limit [Z0], Subatomic Physics, scattering [p p], [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Fundamental Principles, Settore FIS/01, 8000 GeV-cms, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, lepton flavor violation, new physics: search for, ATLAS experiment, lepton: flavor: violation, Branching Fractions, ATLAS, The Standard Model, CERN LHC Coll, colliding beams [p p], Neutrino, Proton Collisions, Particle Physics - Experiment, Z boson, p p: scattering, Particle physics, +muon+tau%22">Z0 --> muon tau, CERN Lab, flavor: violation [lepton], 530 Physics, Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas, Ciências Físicas [Ciências Naturais], Weak Interactions, FOS: Physical sciences, Weak interaction, Standard Model, weak interaction, 0103 physical sciences, Centre-of-Mass Energies, ddc:530, rare decay [Z0], High Energy Physics, flavor: oscillation, 010306 general physics, Collider, tau: hadronic decay, Bosons, Science & Technology, charge: electric, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, family: 3, Física, leptonic decay [Z0], sensitivity, family: conservation law, LHC, Particle Physics, charged-lepton-flavour violation, Z0: leptonic decay, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Z0: rare decay, hadronic decay [tau], Hadron-hadron collisions, p p: colliding beams, new particle, experimental results, Lepton
Abstract: We acknowledge our late colleague, Olga Igonkina (1973-2019), for inspiring and driving this and other searches for lepton flavour violation within the ATLAS experiment. Her curiosity and intelligence remain an inspiration to the ATLAS Collaboration. We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions, without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, and and NRC KI, Russia Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, UK; DOE and NSF, United States. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, Compute Canada and CRC, Canada; ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions and COST, EU; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, UK. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in ref. 54., Leptons with essentially the same properties apart from their mass are grouped into three families (or flavours). The number of leptons of each flavour is conserved in interactions, but this is not imposed by fundamental principles. Since the formulation of the standard model of particle physics, the observation of flavour oscillations among neutrinos has shown that lepton flavour is not conserved in neutrino weak interactions. So far, there has been no experimental evidence that this also occurs in interactions between charged leptons. Such an observation would be a sign of undiscovered particles or a yet unknown type of interaction. Here the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN reports a constraint on lepton-flavour-violating effects in weak interactions, searching for Z-boson decays into a tau lepton and another lepton of different flavour with opposite electric charge. The branching fractions for these decays are measured to be less than 8.1 x 10(-6) (e tau) and 9.5 x 10(-6) (mu tau) at the 95% confidence level using 139 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 13 TeV and 20.3 fb(-1) at root s = 8 TeV. These results supersede the limits from the Large Electron-Positron Collider experiments conducted more than two decades ago., ANPCyT, YerPhI, Armenia, Australian Research Council, BMWFW, Austrian Science Fund (FWF), Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS), SSTC, Belarus, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Canada Foundation for Innovation, CERN, ANID, Chile, Chinese Academy of Sciences, MOST, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias, Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic, MPO CR, Czech Republic Government, DNRF, Danish Natural Science Research Council, NRC KI, Russia Federation, JINR, Ministry of Education, Science & Technological Development, Serbia, MSSR, Slovakia, Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia, MIZS, Slovenia, DST/NRF, South Africa, Spanish Government, SRC, Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden, SERI, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey, UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United States Department of Energy (DOE), National Science Foundation (NSF), BCKDF, CANARIE, Compute Canada and CRC, Canada, European Research Council (ERC), European Commission European Commission Horizon Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions and COST, EU, French National Research Agency (ANR), German Research Foundation (DFG), European Commission, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Thales Group, Aristeia programmes, Greek NSRF, Greece, BSF-NSF, German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development, La Caixa Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO, GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain, Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden, The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, UK, WLCG, ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), Netherlands Government, PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK), BNL (USA), Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG, National Research Centre (NRC)
Published: 2021
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19. Testing the weak interaction using St. Benedict at the University of Notre Dame

Author: Ryan Ringle, Patrick O'Malley, J. W. Klimes, Maxime Brodeur, Guy Savard, Adrian Valverde, Daniel Burdette, V. Varentsov, and Jason A. Clark
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics beyond the Standard Model, media_common.quotation_subject, 010401 analytical chemistry, Weak interaction, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, 0104 chemical sciences, Standard Model, Matrix (mathematics), 0103 physical sciences, Matrix element, Neutrino oscillation, Instrumentation, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, media_common
Abstract: The Standard Model of physics provides a description of matter in the universe, but fails to reproduce many unexplained features, such as neutrino oscillations and the matter-antimatter asymmetry. One avenue to constrain physics beyond the Standard Model is via the precise determination of the V ud matrix element of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix from the ft-value of superallowed mixed beta-decay transitions. Such tests however require the determination of the Fermi to Gamow-Teller mixing ratio, which is currently unknown for all but five mixed mirror transition nuclei. At the University of Notre Dame a project is underway to develop a Paul trap devoted to the measurement of this elusive quantity. The design and goals will be presented.
Published: 2020
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20. 8 Theory - Weak Interaction is Incredibly Symmetrical

Author: Manor Ohad
Subjects: 8T, theoretical physics, 8 theory, Quantum physics, high energy physics, Quantum field theory, mathematical physics, grand unification, QFT, weak interaction, theory of everything, particle physics, dark energy, cosmology
Abstract: By analyzing the coupling constant series, it is then evident than the weak interaction posses a unique symmetry not attainable by any additional interaction.&nbsp
Published: 2021
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21. Finding Bc(3S) states via their strong decays

Author: Guo-Li Wang, Rui Ding, Zi-Qiang Chen, Bing-Dong Wan, and Cong-Feng Qiao
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Weak interaction, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, Mass spectrum, Numerical estimation, 010306 general physics, Relativistic quantum chemistry, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: The experimentally known $B_c$ states are all below open bottom-charm threshold, which experience three main decay modes, and all induced by weak interaction. In this work, we investigate the mass spectrum and strong decays of the $B_c(3S)$ states, which just above the threshold, in the Bethe-Salpeter formalism and $^3P_0$ model. The numerical estimation gives $M(B_c(3^1S_0))=7273\ {\rm MeV}$, $M(B_c^*(3^3S_1))=7304\ {\rm MeV}$, $\Gamma\left(B_c(3^1S_0)\to B^*D\right)=26.02^{+2.33}_{-2.21}\ {\rm MeV}$, $\Gamma\left(B_c^*(3^3S_1)\to BD\right)=3.39^{+0.27}_{-0.26}\ {\rm MeV}$, $\Gamma\left(B_c^*(3^3S_1)\to B^*D\right)=14.77^{+1.40}_{-1.33}\ {\rm MeV}$ and $\Gamma\left(B_c^*(3^3S_1)\to BD^*\right)=6.14^{+0.58}_{-0.54}\ {\rm MeV}$. Compared with previous studies in non-relativistic approximation, our results indicate that the relativistic effects are notable in $B_c(3S)$ exclusive strong decays. According to the results, we suggest to find the $B_c(3S)$ states in their hadronic decays to $B$ and $D$ mesons in experiment, like the LHCb., Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, to appear in PLB
Published: 2021

22. Remarkable Proof: Weak Interaction To have Negative Left Oriented Spin

Author: Ohad Manor
Subjects: theoretical physics, Quantum physics, standard model, dark matter, Quantum field theory, grand unification, CP violation, Spin, QFT, theory of everything, string theory, particle physics, Weak Interaction, dark energy, SSB
Abstract: Truly Remarkable insight using the Coupling Constant Equation in which we obtain in previous papers. we use the geometrical setup of the equation by looking at the critical line of the primes, and comparing the weak interaction term to its following terms. The difference than becomes quite vivid.&nbsp
Published: 2021
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23. 8T: Weak Interaction Left Orientation & Prime Critical line

Author: Manor, Ohad
Subjects: theoretical physics, Quantum physics, standard model, dark matter, Quantum field theory, grand unification, CP violation, Spin, QFT, theory of everything, string theory, particle physics, Weak Interaction, dark energy, SSB
Abstract: Truly Remarkable insight using the Coupling Constant Equation in which we obtain in previous papers. we use the geometrical setup of the equation by looking at the critical line of the primes, and comparing the weak interaction term to its following terms. The difference than becomes quite vivid., Reader should be familiar with the author previous papers "prediction of coupling constants" parts One, Two and Three.
Published: 2021
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24. Precision muon physics.

Author: Gorringe, T.P. and Hertzog, D.W.
Subjects: *MUONS, *RADIOACTIVE decay, *MAGNETIC moments, *PARTICLE physics, *CHIRALITY
Abstract: The muon is playing a unique role in sub-atomic physics. Studies of muon decay both determine the overall strength and establish the chiral structure of weak interactions, as well as setting extraordinary limits on charged-lepton-flavor-violating processes. Measurements of the muon’s anomalous magnetic moment offer singular sensitivity to the completeness of the standard model and the predictions of many speculative theories. Spectroscopy of muonium and muonic atoms gives unmatched determinations of fundamental quantities including the magnetic moment ratio μ μ / μ p , lepton mass ratio m μ / m e , and proton charge radius r p . Also, muon capture experiments are exploring elusive features of weak interactions involving nucleons and nuclei. We will review the experimental landscape of contemporary high-precision and high-sensitivity experiments with muons. One focus is the novel methods and ingenious techniques that achieve such precision and sensitivity in recent, present, and planned experiments. Another focus is the uncommonly broad and topical range of questions in atomic, nuclear and particle physics that such experiments explore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2015
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25. Weakton Model of Elementary Particles and Decay Mechanisms.

Author: Tian Ma and Shouhong Wang
Subjects: *NUCLEAR particle research, *NUCLEAR physics, *PARTICLE physics, *QUARKS, *FERMIONS
Abstract: Sub-atomic decays and electron radiations indicate that there must be interior structures for charged leptons, quarks and mediators. The main objectives of this article are 1) to propose a sub-leptons and sub-quark model, which we call weakton model, and 2) to derive a mechanism for all sub-atomic decays and bremsstrahlung. The theory is based on 1) a theory on weak and strong charges, 2) different levels of weak and strong interaction potentials, 3) a new mass generation mechanism, and 4) an angular momentum rule. The weakton model postulates that all matter particles (leptons, quarks) and mediators are made up of massless weaktons. The weakton model offers a perfect explanation for all sub-atomic decays and all generation/annihilation precesses of matter-antimatter. In particular, the precise constituents of particles involved in all decays both before and after the reaction can now be precisely derived. In addition, the bremsstrahlung phenomena can be understood using the weakton model. Also, the weakton model offers an explanation to the baryon asymmetry problem, and provides an alternate explanation of the solar neutrino problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2015

26. empty file

Author: Manor Ohad
Subjects: Electric engineering, experimental physics, gauge bosons, Quarks, computer science, horizons, Entanglement, Quantum entanglement, High energy Particle physics, CERN, mathematical logic, dark energy, differential topology, theoretical physics, QED, quantum mechanics, Particle physics, Hilbert space, primorial, SUSY, astronomy, GR, grand unified theory, theory of everything, Weak interaction, analytical number theory, Ligo, self duality, NASA, abstract algebra, Quantum information, Multiverse, graph theory, JHEP, statistical physics, vertex algebras, Higgs particle, 8 Theory, PDE, P=NP, superfluid's, High-energy physics, QFT, fine structure constant, muon, inflation, SSB, compact black holes, 8T, Newton laws, calculus of variations, modular forms, axis of evil, quantum theory, Manor, Vertax algebras, grand unification, divergent series, theoretical high energy physics, nother, Manor O, theory of general relativity, cosmology, quanum information, Higgs, proof Riemann hypothesis, flatness, smooth manifolds, Special relativity, Feynman, PNP, gravitino, Manor Ohad, high energy physics, hep, Super symmetry, quantum chemistry, mathematical physics, self dual operators, unified theory, bosons, theoretical computer science, Ricci flow, sum over histories, partial differential equations, Dualities, computational physics, GUT, quantum loop gravity, Quantum Physics, monopoles, coupling series, mathematics, CMS, strong interaction, TOE, Riemann conjecture, prime numbers, Einstein theory, coupling constants, Quantum cosmology, ATLAS, M theory, Quantum machines, coupling constants series, Quantum field theory, category theory, condensed matter physics, General relativity, wave physics, LHC, algebric geometry, Riemann hypothesis, High-energy theoretical physics, Lagrangians, algebraic number theory, topology, Higgs boson, Riemann hypothesis proof, FOS: Physical sciences, infinite series, algorithms, CFT, superconductors, hawking radiation, dark matter, Quantum technology, theoretical particle physics, Number theory, nuclear physics, springer, string theory, The theory of Everything, Quantum gravitation, Fermions, algebraic geometry, path integrations, Quantum optics, quantum groups, quantum computation, Quantum gravity, differential equations, elementary particle physics, Quantum computing, black holes, QCD, Primes, fifth force, zeta function, gravity, goldstone bosons, laser physics, gravitation, missing mass, Einstein, vector bosons, supersymmetry
Abstract: Thispaper present threetheorems on a Lorentz manifoldwhich yield an on pointprediction ofthefine structureconstant, and as the result theawaitedequation of coupling magnitudes.this paper than allow us tounify QM with GR. The equation also predicting the magnitude of any additional element in the series, the next element should stand at ratio of 1/850 compared to the strong interaction. Updated to 7.9.21 &nbsp
Published: 2021
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27. Journal of High Energy Physics

Author: Yotam Soreq, Joachim Kopp, Zahra Tabrizi, A. Falkowski, Martín González-Alonso, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Meson, Physics beyond the Standard Model, QC770-798, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Standard Model, neutrino: production, weak interaction, effective field theory, neutrino: new interaction, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, deep inelastic scattering, 0103 physical sciences, Effective field theory, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Neutrino Physics, 010306 general physics, neutrino: interaction, Physics, flavor, Interaction point, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, new physics, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, scale: electroweak interaction, Effective Field Theories, ATLAS, sensitivity, Orders of magnitude (time), meson: decay, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Electroweak scale
Abstract: We investigate the sensitivity of the FASER nu detector to new physics in the form of non-standard neutrino interactions. FASER nu, which will be installed 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction point, will for the first time study interactions of multi-TeV neutrinos from a controlled source. Our formalism - which is applicable to any current and future neutrino experiment - is based on the Standard Model Effective Theory (SMEFT) and its counterpart, Weak Effective Field Theory (WEFT), below the electroweak scale. Starting from the WEFT Lagrangian, we compute the coefficients that modify neutrino production in meson decays and detection via deep-inelastic scattering, and we express the new physics effects in terms of modified flavor transition probabilities. For some coupling structures, we find that FASER nu will be able to constrain interactions that are two to three orders of magnitude weaker than Standard Model weak interactions, implying that the experiment will be indirectly probing new physics at the multi-TeV scale. In some cases, FASER nu constraints will become comparable to existing limits - some of them derived for the first time in this paper - already with 150 fb(-1) of data. Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-19- CE31-0012]; European UnionEuropean Commission [860881-HIDDeN]; Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) through the plan GenT programGeneralitat Valenciana [CIDEGENT/2018/014]; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programEuropean Research Council (ERC) [637506]; United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) (NSF-BSF program) [2018683]; Israel Science FoundationIsrael Science Foundation [482/20]; Azrieli foundation; Taub Family Foundation; U.S. Department of EnergyUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0020250] Published version It is our great pleasure to thank Felix Kling for many useful discussions on the FASER experiment, for providing the neutrino fluxes in machine-readable form, and for invaluable comments on the manuscript. Moreover, we are grateful to Sacha Davidson for valuable advice on the calculation of mu - e conversion rates in nuclei. Two babies were born during the completion of this project, and we thank them for their understanding. AF has received funding from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) under grant ANR-19- CE31-0012 (project MORA) and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 860881-HIDDeN. MGA is supported by the Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) through the plan GenT program (CIDEGENT/2018/014). JK's work has been partially supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 637506, "Directions"). YS is supported by the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) (NSF-BSF program grant No. 2018683), by the Israel Science Foundation (grant No. 482/20) and by the Azrieli foundation. YS is Taub fellow (supported by the Taub Family Foundation). ZT is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under the award number DE-SC0020250.
Published: 2021
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28. The First Nobel Prize: The W and Z0 Bosons

Author: M. Hauschild
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Weak interaction, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, Physics::History of Physics, law.invention, law, Antiproton, Stochastic cooling, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Collider, Boson
Abstract: In 1983 the force carriers of the weak interaction, the W and Z0 bosons, were discovered at CERN. Just 1 year later, this discovery was crowned by the joint award of the Nobel Prize in Physics to Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer. Rubbia for his idea to operate the SPS as a collider for protons and antiprotons and thus generate enough collision energy, and van der Meer for his concept of stochastic cooling of the antiprotons, without which there would never have been a sufficiently high number of collisions.
Published: 2021
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29. Thermal Real Scalar Triplet Dark Matter

Author: Satoshi Shirai, Taisuke Katayose, Shigeki Matsumoto, and Y. Watanabe
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Higgs Physics, Annihilation, Dark matter, Scalar (mathematics), FOS: Physical sciences, QC770-798, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Weak interaction, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), WIMP, law, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Beyond Standard Model, Thermal, Higgs boson, Collider
Abstract: Real scalar triplet dark matter, which is known to be an attractive candidate for a thermal WIMP, is comprehensively studied paying particular attention to the Sommerfeld effect on the dark matter annihilation caused by the weak interaction and the other interaction between the dark matter and the Higgs boson. We find a parameter region that includes the so-called 'WIMP-Miracle' one is still surviving, i.e. it respects all constraints imposed by dark matter searches at collider experiments, underground experiments (direct detection) and astrophysical observations (indirect detection). The region is also found to be efficiently searched for by various near future experiments. In particular, the XENONnT experiment will cover almost the entire parameter region., Comment: 21 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2021
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30. Hyperon Weak Radiative Decay

Author: Jean-Marc Richard, Peng-Yu Niu, Qian Wang, Qiang Zhao, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, effective Hamiltonian, Nuclear Theory, pole, Constituent quark, FOS: Physical sciences, Weak interaction, 01 natural sciences, selection rule, High Energy Physics - Experiment, symmetry breaking: flavor, nonrelativistic, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), hyperon: decay, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), weak interaction, parity: violation, 0103 physical sciences, excited state, Radiative transfer, +p+photon%22">Sigma+ --> p photon, Symmetry breaking, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Physics, hyperon: radiative decay, operator: transition, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix, Quark model, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, nonlocal, +n+photon%22">Sigma0 --> n photon, Hyperon, +Sigma0+photon%22">Xi0 --> Sigma0 photon, quark model: constituent, Astronomy and Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, +Lambda+photon%22">Xi0 --> Lambda photon, electromagnetic, Excited state, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Cabibbo angle, High Energy Physics::Experiment, flavor: SU(3), +n+photon%22">Lambda --> n photon
Abstract: We revisit the hyperon weak radiative decays in the framework of the non-relativistic constituent quark model. This study confirms the nonlocal feature of the hyperon weak radiative transition operators which are dominated by the pole terms, and an overall self-consistent description of the available experimental data for the Cabibbo-favored hyperon weak radiative decays is achieved. It provides a natural mechanism for evading the Hara theorem, where sizeable parity-violating contributions can come from the intermediate orbital excitations. Cancellations between pole terms also explain significant SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking manifested by the experimental data. We also discuss several interesting selection rules arising from either the electromagnetic or the weak interaction vertices. These features suggest nontrivial relations among different hyperon decays., Comment: 15 pages, 1 figure, revised version accepted by Chinese Phys. C
Published: 2021
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31. The Higgs boson -- its implications and prospects for future discoveries

Author: Albert De Roeck, Marumi Kado, Steven D. Bass, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Particle physics, CERN Lab, interpretation of experiments: CERN LHC Coll, Physics beyond the Standard Model, media_common.quotation_subject, High Energy Physics::Lattice, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Elementary particle, baryogenesis, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), weak interaction, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], mediation, 010306 general physics, Particle Physics - Phenomenology, media_common, Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Large Hadron Collider, gauge boson, cosmological constant, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, new physics, dark matter: mass, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, hep-ph, critical phenomena, Scalar boson, stability, Universe, Baryogenesis, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Higgs particle: mass, dark energy: density, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Higgs boson, Dark energy, High Energy Physics::Experiment, expansion: acceleration, potential: Higgs, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The Higgs boson, a fundamental scalar, was discovered at CERN in 2012 with mass 125 GeV, a mass that turned out to be a remarkable choice of Nature. In the Standard Model of particle physics, the Higgs boson is closely linked to the mechanism that gives mass to the W and Z gauge bosons that mediate the weak interactions and to the charged fermions. Following discovery of the Higgs boson, present measurements at the Large Hadron Collider are focused on testing the Higgs boson's couplings to other elementary particles, precision measurements of the Higgs boson's properties and initial investigation of the Higgs boson's self-interaction and shape of the Higgs potential. With the Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV the vacuum sits very close to the border of stable and metastable, which may be a hint to deeper physics beyond the Standard Model. The Higgs potential also plays an important role in ideas about the cosmological constant or dark energy that drives the accelerating expansion of the Universe, the mysterious dark matter that comprises about 80% of the matter component in the Universe, as well as a possible phase transition in the early Universe that might be responsible for baryogenesis. Detailed study of the Higgs boson is at the centre of the recent European Strategy for Particle Physics update. Here we review the present status of this physics and discuss the new insights expected from present and future experiments., Comment: Preprint of article submitted to Nature Reviews Physics, 25 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2021
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32. Bound states of WIMP dark matter in Higgs-portal models. Part I. Cross-sections and transition rates

Author: Kalliopi Petraki, Ruben Oncala, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, QC770-798, Weak interaction, 01 natural sciences, WIMP: dark matter, Standard Model, thermal, Higgs particle: doublet, decoupling, dark matter: coupling, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), weak interaction, WIMP, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, monopole: bound state, 0103 physical sciences, Bound state, mediation, 010306 general physics, Physics, electroweak interaction, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, dark matter: relic density, Electroweak interaction, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, singlet, dark matter: annihilation, Decoupling (cosmology), stability, Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM, bound state: formation, multiplet: 2, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, force: long-range, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Beyond Standard Model, Higgs boson, High Energy Physics::Experiment, WIMP: bound state
Abstract: We investigate the role of the Higgs \emph{doublet} in the thermal decoupling of multi-TeV dark matter coupled to the Weak interactions of the Standard Model and the Higgs. The Higgs doublet can mediate a long-range force that affects the annihilation processes and binds dark matter into bound states. More importantly, the emission of a Higgs doublet by a pair of dark matter particles can give rise to extremely rapid monopole bound-state formation processes and bound-to-bound transitions. We compute these effects in the unbroken electroweak phase. To this end, we consider the simplest renormalisable fermionic model, consisting of a singlet and a doublet under $SU_{L}(2)$ that are stabilised by a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry, in the regime where the two multiplets coannihilate. In a companion paper, we use the results to show that the formation of metastable bound states via Higgs-doublet emission and their decay decrease the relic density very significantly., v1: 65 pages, 16 figures, 10 tables; v2: minor changes, published version
Published: 2021
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33. PROPOSED EXPERIMENT FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF THE ANAPOLE MOMENT IN FRANCIUM.

Author: GALVAN, A. PEREZ, SHENG, D., and OROZCO, L. A.
Subjects: WEAK interactions (Nuclear physics), FRANCIUM, PARITY nonconservation, STANDARD model (Nuclear physics), PARTICLE physics
Published: 2009

34. A top job for high-precision studies

Author: Benjamin Kilminster and Florencia Canelli
Subjects: Physics, Coupling, Top quark, Particle physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Electroweak interaction, General Physics and Astronomy, Weak interaction, medicine.anatomical_structure, Atlas (anatomy), medicine, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Lepton
Abstract: The ATLAS Collaboration has confirmed with top quark events that the coupling of charged leptons to the weak interaction is universal — showcasing the feasibility of performing high-precision electroweak measurements at proton–proton colliders.
Published: 2021
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35. Dendrimeric Template of Plasmodium falciparum Histidine Rich Protein II Repeat Motifs Bearing Asp→Asn Mutation Exhibits Heme Binding and β-Hematin Formation.

Author: Kumari, Pinky, Sahal, Dinkar, and Chauhan, Virander S.
Subjects: *DENDRIMERS, *PLASMODIUM falciparum, *HISTIDINE, *GENETIC mutation, *IONIC interactions, *POLYMERIZATION, *TARGETED drug delivery
Abstract: Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) employs a crucial PfHRPII catalyzed reaction that converts toxic heme into hemozoin. Understanding heme polymerization mechanism is the first step for rational design of new drugs, targeting this pathway. Heme binding and hemozoin formation have been ascribed to PfHRPII aspartate carboxylate-heme metal ionic interactions. To investigate, if this ionic interaction is indeed pivotal, we examined the comparative heme binding and β-hematin forming abilities of a wild type dendrimeric peptide BNT1 {harboring the native sequence motif of PfHRPII (AHHAHHAADA)} versus a mutant dendrimeric peptide BNTM {in which ionic Aspartate residues have been replaced by the neutral Asparaginyl residues (AHHAHHAANA)}. UV and IR data reported here reveal that at pH 5, both BNT1 and BNTM exhibit comparable heme binding as well as β-hematin forming abilities, thus questioning the role of PfHRPII aspartate carboxylate-heme metal ionic interactions in heme binding and β-hematin formation. Based on our data and information in the literature we suggest the possible role of weak dispersive interactions like N-H···π and lone-pair···π in heme binding and hemozoin formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2014
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36. Electroweak decay of quark matter within dense astrophysical combustion flames

Author: Germán Lugones and J. A. Rosero-Gil
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Particle physics, Nuclear Theory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Weak interaction, Strangeness, Compact star, 01 natural sciences, Baryon, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Strange matter, Neutron star, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We study the weak interaction processes taking place within a combustion flame that converts dense hadronic matter into quark matter in a compact star. Using the Boltzmann equation we follow the evolution of a small element of just deconfined quark matter all along the flame interior until it reaches chemical equilibrium at the back boundary of the flame. We obtain the reaction rates and neutrino emissivities of all the relevant weak interaction processes without making any assumption about the neutrino degeneracy. We analyse systematically the role the initial conditions of unburnt hadronic matter, such as density, temperature, neutrino trapping and composition, focusing on typical astrophysical scenarios such as cold neutron stars, protoneutron stars, and post merger compact objects. We find that the temperature within the flame rises significantly in a timescale of 1 nanosecond. The increase in $T$ strongly depends on the initial strangeness of hadronic matter and tends to be more drastic at larger densities. Typical final values range between $20$ and $60 \, \mathrm{MeV}$. The nonleptonic process $u + d \rightarrow u + s$ is always dominant in cold stars, but in hot objects the process $u + e^{-} \leftrightarrow d + {\nu_e}$ becomes relevant, and in some cases dominant, near chemical equilibrium. The rates for the other processes are orders of magnitude smaller. We find that the neutrino emissivity per baryon is very large, leading to a total energy release per baryon of $2-60 \, \mathrm{MeV}$ in the form of neutrinos along the flame. We discuss some astrophysical consequences of the results., Comment: 19 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2020

37. First Precision Measurement of the Parity Violating Asymmetry in Cold Neutron Capture on He3

Author: J. Watts, E. Plemons, Erik B. Iverson, mmultiscripts, Seppo Penttila, E. M. Scott, J. D. Bowman, M. McCrea, G. L. Greene, C. Wickersham, M. L. Kabir, S. Baeßler, Ivan Novikov, mrow, N. Birge, Nadia Fomin, J. R. Calarco, A. Ramírez-Morales, C. Hayes, P. E. Mueller, I. Garishvili, mi> He, C. E. Coppola, Christopher Crawford, J. Hamblen, G. M. Hale, L. Barrón-Palos, mprescripts, V. Cianciolo, and Michael Gericke
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, media_common.quotation_subject, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Electroweak interaction, General Physics and Astronomy, Parity (physics), Weak interaction, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, 0103 physical sciences, Effective field theory, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, media_common
Abstract: We report the first precision measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in the direction of proton momentum with respect to the neutron spin, in the reaction ^{3}He(n,p)^{3}H, using the capture of polarized cold neutrons in an unpolarized active ^{3}He target. The asymmetry is a result of the weak interaction between nucleons, which remains one of the least well-understood aspects of electroweak theory. The measurement provides an important benchmark for modern effective field theory and potential model calculations. Measurements like this are necessary to determine the spin-isospin structure of the hadronic weak interaction. Our asymmetry result is A_{PV}=[1.55±0.97(stat)±0.24(sys)]×10^{-8}, which has the smallest uncertainty of any hadronic parity-violating asymmetry measurement so far.
Published: 2020
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38. Limit on the Fierz Interference Term b from a Measurement of the Beta Asymmetry in Neutron Decay

Author: Heiko Saul, Holger Mest, Christoph Roick, A. K. Petukhov, Michael Klopf, Hartmut Abele, Torsten Soldner, Dominik Werder, Bastian Märkisch, Xiangzun Wang, Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), and ILL
Subjects: Particle physics, Spectral shape analysis, interaction: tensor, media_common.quotation_subject, interference, FOS: Physical sciences, n: decay, General Physics and Astronomy, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Weak interaction, spin, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, weak interaction, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Physics, media_common, Physics, n: decay rate, Scalar (physics), coupling: axial-vector, spectral, asymmetry
Abstract: In the standard model of particle physics, the weak interaction is described by vector and axial-vector couplings only. Non-zero scalar or tensor interactions would imply an additional contribution to the differential decay rate of the neutron, the Fierz interference term. We derive a limit on this hypothetical term from a measurement using spin polarized neutrons. This method is statistically less sensitive than the determination from the spectral shape but features much cleaner systematics. We obtain a limit of b = 0.017(21) at 68.27 C.L., improving the previous best limit from neutron decay by a factor of four., Comment: Phys. Rev. Lett., https://journals.aps.org/prl/
Published: 2020
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39. Absolute neutrino mass and the Dirac/Majorana distinction from the weak interaction of aggregate matter

Author: Jose Bernabeu, Alejandro Segarra, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), and Generalitat Valenciana
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Range (particle radiation), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dirac (software), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Observable, Charge (physics), Weak interaction, Scattering amplitude, MAJORANA, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Neutrino
Abstract: The 2$\nu$-mediated force has a range of microns, well beyond the atomic scale. The effective potential is built from the t-channel absorptive part of the scattering amplitude and depends on neutrino properties on-shell. We demonstrate that neutral aggregate matter has a weak charge and calculate the matrix of six coherent charges for its interaction with definite-mass neutrinos. Near the range of the potential the neutrino pair is non-relativistic, leading to observable absolute mass and Dirac/Majorana distinction via different r-dependence and violation of the weak equivalence principle., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Published: 2020

40. Constraint on the matter–antimatter symmetry-violating phase in neutrino oscillations

Author: Abe, K., Akutsu, R., Ali, A., Alt, C., Andreopoulos, C., Anthony, L., Antonova, M., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Arihara, T., Asada, Y., Hiramoto, A., Hogan, M., Holeczek, J., Hong Van, N. T., Iacob, F., Ichikawa, A. K., Ikeda, M., Ishida, T., Ishii, T., Ishitsuka, M., Ashida, Y., Iwamoto, K., Izmaylov, A., Jakkapu, M., Jamieson, B., Jenkins, S. J., Jesús-Valls, C., Jiang, M., Johnson, S., Jonsson, P., Jung, C. K., Atkin, E. T., Junjie, X., Jurj, P. B., Kabirnezhad, M., Kaboth, A. C., Kajita, T., Kakuno, H., Kameda, J., Karlen, D., Kasetti, S. P., Kataoka, Y., Awataguchi, Y., Katori, T., Kato, Y., Kearns, E., Khabibullin, M., Khotjantsev, A., Kikawa, T., Kikutani, H., Kim, H., Kim, J., King, S., Ban, S., Kisiel, J., Knight, A., Knox, A., Kobayashi, T., Koch, L., Koga, T., Konaka, A., Kormos, L. L., Koshio, Y., Kostin, A., Barbi, M., Kowalik, K., Kubo, H., Kudenko, Y., Kukita, N., Kuribayashi, S., Kurjata, R., Kutter, T., Kuze, M., Labarga, L., Lagoda, J., Barker, G. J., Lamoureux, M., Laveder, M., Lawe, M., Licciardi, M., Lindner, T., Litchfield, R. P., Liu, S. L., Li, X., Longhin, A., Ludovici, L., Barr, G., Lu, X., Lux, T., Machado, L. N., Magaletti, L., Mahn, K., Malek, M., Manly, S., Maret, L., Marino, A. D., Marti-Magro, L., Barrow, D., Martin, J. F., Maruyama, T., Matsubara, T., Matsushita, K., Matveev, V., Mavrokoridis, K., Mazzucato, E., McCarthy, M., McCauley, N., McElwee, J., Barry, C., McFarland, K. S., McGrew, C., Mefodiev, A., Metelko, C., Mezzetto, M., Minamino, A., Mineev, O., Mine, S., Miura, M., Molina Bueno, L., Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M., Moriyama, S., Morrison, J., Mueller, Th. A., Munteanu, L., Murphy, S., Nagai, Y., Nakadaira, T., Nakahata, M., Nakajima, Y., Nakamura, A., Beloshapkin, A., Nakamura, K. G., Nakamura, K., Nakayama, S., Nakaya, T., Nakayoshi, K., Nantais, C., Naseby, C. E. R., Ngoc, T. V., Niewczas, K., Nishikawa, K., Bench, F., Nishimura, Y., Noah, E., Nonnenmacher, T. S., Nova, F., Novella, P., Nowak, J., Nugent, J. C., O’Keeffe, H. M., O’Sullivan, L., Odagawa, T., Berardi, V., Okumura, K., Okusawa, T., Oser, S. M., Owen, R. A., Oyama, Y., Palladino, V., Palomino, J. L., Paolone, V., Pari, M., Parker, W. C., Berkman, S., Parsa, S., Pasternak, J., Paudyal, P., Pavin, M., Payne, D., Penn, G. C., Pickering, L., Pidcott, C., Pintaudi, G., Pinzon Guerra, E. S., Berns, L., Pistillo, C., Popov, B., Porwit, K., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Pritchard, A., Quilain, B., Radermacher, T., Radicioni, E., Radics, B., Ratoff, P. N., Bhadra, S., Reinherz-Aronis, E., Riccio, C., Rondio, E., Roth, S., Rubbia, A., Ruggeri, A. C., Ruggles, C. A., Rychter, A., Sakashita, K., Sánchez, F., Bienstock, S., Santucci, G., Schloesser, C. M., Scholberg, K., Schwehr, J., Scott, M., Seiya, Y., Sekiguchi, T., Sekiya, H., Sgalaberna, D., Shah, R., Blondel, A., Shaikhiev, A., Shaker, F., Shaykina, A., Shiozawa, M., Shorrock, W., Shvartsman, A., Smirnov, A., Smy, M., Sobczyk, J. T., Sobel, H., Bolognesi, S., Soler, F. J. P., Sonoda, Y., Steinmann, J., Suvorov, S., Suzuki, A., Suzuki, S. Y., Suzuki, Y., Sztuc, A. A., Tada, M., Tajima, M., Bourguille, B., Takeda, A., Takeuchi, Y., Tanaka, H. K., Tanaka, H. A., Tanaka, S., Thompson, L. F., Toki, W., Touramanis, C., Towstego, T., Tsui, K. M., Boyd, S. B., Tsukamoto, T., Tzanov, M., Uchida, Y., Uno, W., Vagins, M., Valder, S., Vallari, Z., Vargas, D., Vasseur, G., Vilela, C., Brailsford, D., Vinning, W. G. S., Vladisavljevic, T., Volkov, V. V., Wachala, T., Walker, J., Walsh, J. G., Wang, Y., Wark, D., Wascko, M. O., Weber, A., Bravar, A., Wendell, R., Wilking, M. J., Wilkinson, C., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, R. J., Wood, K., Wret, C., Yamada, Y., Yamamoto, K., Yanagisawa, C., Bravo Berguño, D., Yang, G., Yano, T., Yasutome, K., Yen, S., Yershov, N., Yokoyama, M., Yoshida, T., Yu, M., Zalewska, A., Zalipska, J., Bronner, C., Zaremba, K., Zarnecki, G., Ziembicki, M., Zimmerman, E. D., Zito, M., Zsoldos, S., Zykova, A., The T2K Collaboration, Bubak, A., Buizza Avanzini, M., Calcutt, J., Campbell, T., Cao, S., Cartwright, S. L., Catanesi, M. G., Cervera, A., Chappell, A., Checchia, C., Cherdack, D., Chikuma, N., Cicerchia, M., Christodoulou, G., Coleman, J., Collazuol, G., Cook, L., Coplowe, D., Cudd, A., Dabrowska, A., De Rosa, G., Dealtry, T., Denner, P. F., Dennis, S. R., Densham, C., Di Lodovico, F., Dokania, N., Dolan, S., Doyle, T. A., Drapier, O., Dumarchez, J., Dunne, P., Eguchi, A., Eklund, L., Emery-Schrenk, S., Ereditato, A., Fernandez, P., Feusels, T., Finch, A. J., Fiorentini, G. A., Fiorillo, G., Francois, C., Friend, M., Fujii, Y., Fujita, R., Fukuda, D., Fukuda, R., Fukuda, Y., Fusshoeller, K., Gameil, K., Giganti, C., Golan, T., Gonin, M., Gorin, A., Guigue, M., Hadley, D. R., Haigh, J. T., Hamacher-Baumann, P., Hartz, M., Hasegawa, T., Hassani, S., Hastings, N. C., Hayashino, T., Hayato, Y., Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), T2K, ANR-19-CE31-0001,SUNCORE,Incertitudes systématiques dans les combinaisons de résultats d'oscillations de neutrinos(2019), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abe, K., Akutsu, R., Ali, A., Alt, C., Andreopoulos, C., Anthony, L., Antonova, M., Aoki, S., Ariga, A., Ashida, Y., Atkin, E. T., Awataguchi, Y., Ban, S., Barbi, M., Barker, G. J., Barr, G., Barry, C., Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M., Beloshapkin, A., Bench, F., Berardi, V., Berkman, S., Berns, L., Bhadra, S., Bienstock, S., Blondel, A., Bolognesi, S., Bourguille, B., Boyd, S. B., Brailsford, D., Bravar, A., Berguno, D. Bravo, Bronner, C., Bubak, A., Avanzini, M. Buizza, Calcutt, J., Campbell, T., Cao, S., Cartwright, S. L., Catanesi, M. G., Cervera, A., Chappell, A., Checchia, C., Cherdack, D., Chikuma, N., Christodoulou, G., Coleman, J., Collazuol, G., Cook, L., Coplowe, D., Cudd, A., Dabrowska, A., De Rosa, G., Dealtry, T., Denner, P. F., Dennis, S. R., Densham, C., Di Lodovico, F., Dokania, N., Dolan, S., Drapier, O., Dumarchez, J., Dunne, P., Eklund, L., Emery-Schrenk, S., Ereditato, A., Fernandez, P., Feusels, T., Finch, A. J., Fiorentini, G. A., Fiorillo, G., Francois, C., Friend, M., Fujii, Y., Fujita, R., Fukuda, D., Fukuda, R., Fukuda, Y., Gameil, K., Giganti, C., Golan, T., Gonin, M., Gorin, A., Guigue, M., Hadley, D. R., Haigh, J. T., Hamacher-Baumann, P., Hartz, M., Hasegawa, T., Hastings, N. C., Hayashino, T., Hayato, Y., Hiramoto, A., Hogan, M., Holeczek, J., Hong Van, N. T., Iacob, F., Ichikawa, A. K., Ikeda, M., Ishida, T., Ishii, T., Ishitsuka, M., Iwamoto, K., Izmaylov, A., Jamieson, B., Jenkins, S. J., Jesus-Valls, C., Jiang, M., Johnson, S., Jonsson, P., Jung, C. K., Kabirnezhad, M., Kaboth, A. C., Kajita, T., Kakuno, H., Kameda, J., Karlen, D., Kasetti, S. P., Kataoka, Y., Katori, T., Kato, Y., Kearns, E., Khabibullin, M., Khotjantsev, A., Kikawa, T., Kim, H., Kim, J., King, S., Kisiel, J., Knight, A., Knox, A., Kobayashi, T., Koch, L., Koga, T., Konaka, A., Kormos, L. L., Koshio, Y., Kowalik, K., Kubo, H., Kudenko, Y., Kukita, N., Kuribayashi, S., Kurjata, R., Kutter, T., Kuze, M., Labarga, L., Lagoda, J., Lamoureux, M., Laveder, M., Lawe, M., Licciardi, M., Lindner, T., Litchfield, R. P., Liu, S. L., Li, X., Longhin, A., Ludovici, L., Lu, X., Lux, T., Nascimento Machado, L., Magaletti, L., Mahn, K., Malek, M., Manly, S., Maret, L., Marino, A. D., Martin, J. F., Maruyama, T., Matsubara, T., Matsushita, K., Matveev, V., Mavrokoridis, K., Mazzucato, E., Mccarthy, M., Mccauley, N., Mcfarland, K. S., Mcgrew, C., Mefodiev, A., Metelko, C., Mezzetto, M., Minamino, A., Mineev, O., Mine, S., Miura, M., Bueno, L. Molina, Moriyama, S., Morrison, J., Mueller, Th. A., Munteanu, L., Murphy, S., Nagai, Y., Nakadaira, T., Nakahata, M., Nakajima, Y., Nakamura, A., Nakamura, K. G., Nakamura, K., Nakayama, S., Nakaya, T., Nakayoshi, K., Nantais, C., Ngoc, T. V., Niewczas, K., Nishikawa, K., Nishimura, Y., Nonnenmacher, T. S., Nova, F., Novella, P., Nowak, J., Nugent, J. C., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, L., Odagawa, T., Okumura, K., Okusawa, T., Oser, S. M., Owen, R. A., Oyama, Y., Palladino, V., Palomino, J. L., Paolone, V., Parker, W. C., Paudyal, P., Pavin, M., Payne, D., Penn, G. C., Pickering, L., Pidcott, C., Guerra, E. S. Pinzon, Pistillo, C., Popov, B., Porwit, K., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Pritchard, A., Quilain, B., Radermacher, T., Radicioni, E., Radics, B., Ratoff, P. N., Reinherz-Aronis, E., Riccio, C., Rondio, E., Roth, S., Rubbia, A., Ruggeri, A. C., Rychter, A., Sakashita, K., Sanchez, F., Schloesser, C. M., Scholberg, K., Schwehr, J., Scott, M., Seiya, Y., Sekiguchi, T., Sekiya, H., Sgalaberna, D., Shah, R., Shaikhiev, A., Shaker, F., Shaykina, A., Shiozawa, M., Shorrock, W., Shvartsman, A., Smirnov, A., Smy, M., Sobczyk, J. T., Sobel, H., Soler, F. J. P., Sonoda, Y., Steinmann, J., Suvorov, S., Suzuki, A., Suzuki, S. Y., Suzuki, Y., Sztuc, A. A., Tada, M., Tajima, M., Takeda, A., Takeuchi, Y., Tanaka, H. K., Tanaka, H. A., Tanaka, S., Thompson, L. F., Toki, W., Touramanis, C., Tsui, K. M., Tsukamoto, T., Tzanov, M., Uchida, Y., Uno, W., Vagins, M., Valder, S., Vallari, Z., Vargas, D., Vasseur, G., Vilela, C., Vinning, W. G. S., Vladisavljevic, T., Volkov, V. V., Wachala, T., Walker, J., Walsh, J. G., Wang, Y., Wark, D., Wascko, M. O., Weber, A., Wendell, R., Wilking, M. J., Wilkinson, C., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, R. J., Wood, K., Wret, C., Yamada, Y., Yamamoto, K., Yanagisawa, C., Yang, G., Yano, T., Yasutome, K., Yen, S., Yershov, N., Yokoyama, M., Yoshida, T., Yu, M., Zalewska, A., Zalipska, J., Zaremba, K., Zarnecki, G., Ziembicki, M., Zimmerman, E. D., Zito, M., Zsoldos, S., Zykova, A., Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)
Subjects: HIGH-ENERGY, KAMIOKANDE, 01 natural sciences, symmetry: CP, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), antimatter, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Muon neutrino, neutrino/e: particle identification, S067P23, AXIS, QC, media_common, Physics, Multidisciplinary, J-PARC Lab, T2K experiment, CP symmetry CP violation T2K Experiment neutrino oscillations leptonic CP violation, asymmetry: CP, Multidisciplinary Sciences, T2K Collaboration, SIMULATION, CP violation, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Phenomenology, Neutrino, Particle Physics - Experiment, Particle physics, General Science & Technology, media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, Asymmetry, Standard Model, quark, weak interaction, S067DM1, 0103 physical sciences, CP: violation, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, cyclic, enhancement, leptogenesis, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, neutrino/mu: secondary beam, antineutrino: oscillation, S067DEL, High Energy Physics::Experiment, neutrino: oscillation, Experimental particle physics, neutrino: mixing, Lepton, experimental results
Abstract: The charge-conjugation and parity-reversal (CP) symmetry of fundamental particles is a symmetry between matter and antimatter. Violation of this CP symmetry was first observed in 19641, and CP violation in the weak interactions of quarks was soon established2. Sakharov proposed3 that CP violation is necessary to explain the observed imbalance of matter and antimatter abundance in the Universe. However, CP violation in quarks is too small to support this explanation. So far, CP violation has not been observed in non-quark elementary particle systems. It has been shown that CP violation in leptons could generate the matter–antimatter disparity through a process called leptogenesis4. Leptonic mixing, which appears in the standard model’s charged current interactions5, 6, provides a potential source of CP violation through a complex phase δCP, which is required by some theoretical models of leptogenesis7, 8, 9. This CP violation can be measured in muon neutrino to electron neutrino oscillations and the corresponding antineutrino oscillations, which are experimentally accessible using accelerator-produced beams as established by the Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) and NOvA experiments10, 11. Until now, the value of δCP has not been substantially constrained by neutrino oscillation experiments. Here we report a measurement using long-baseline neutrino and antineutrino oscillations observed by the T2K experiment that shows a large increase in the neutrino oscillation probability, excluding values of δCP that result in a large increase in the observed antineutrino oscillation probability at three standard deviations (3σ). The 3σ confidence interval for δCP, which is cyclic and repeats every 2π, is [−3.41, −0.03] for the so-called normal mass ordering and [−2.54, −0.32] for the inverted mass ordering. Our results indicate CP violation in leptons and our method enables sensitive searches for matter–antimatter asymmetry in neutrino oscillations using accelerator-produced neutrino beams. Future measurements with larger datasets will test whether leptonic CP violation is larger than the CP violation in quarks., ニュートリノの「CP位相角」を大きく制限することに成功 --粒子と反粒子の振る舞いの違いの検証に大きく前進--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2020-04-17., T2K Results Restrict Possible Values of Neutrino CP Phase. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2020-04-21.
Published: 2020
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41. Indirect detection prospects for d$^*$(2380) dark matter

Author: Geoff Beck
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Particle physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Hexaquark, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Weak interaction, Universe, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Coma Cluster, Low Mass, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Order of magnitude, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, Dwarf galaxy
Abstract: A Bose-Einstein condensate of the hexaquark particle known as d$^*$(2380) has been recently proposed as a dark matter candidate by the authors in Bashkanov \& Watts 2020. This particle can produced in an abundant condensate state in the early universe and is argued to satisfy all the stability and weak interaction constraints of a viable dark matter candidate. This dark matter candidate is able to evade direct detection bounds and is suggested to have the best observational prospects in the form of indirect astrophysical emissions due to the decay of the d$^*$ condensate. In this work we test the indirect observational prospects of this form of dark matter and find that its low mass $\sim 2$ GeV mean that sub-GeV gamma-rays searches have the best prospects in the Milky-Way galactic centre where we find $\Gamma_{d^*} < 3.9 \times 10^{-24}$ s$^{-1}$, with current extra-galactic data from M31 and the Coma cluster producing constraints on the d$^*$ decay rate two orders of magnitude weaker. In dwarf galaxies we show that the future GAMMA-400 instrument has the potential to probe down to $\Gamma_{d^*} \sim 10^{-25}$ s$^{-1}$ with 4 years of exposure time., Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2020

42. Boosted W and Z tagging with jet charge and deep learning

Author: David Shih, Giovanna Cottin, Cheng-Wei Chiang, and Yu Chen Janice Chen
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Gauge boson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Deep learning, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Binary number, Weak interaction, 01 natural sciences, Electric charge, 0103 physical sciences, Artificial intelligence, 010306 general physics, business, Ternary operation, Boson
Abstract: We demonstrate that the classification of boosted, hadronically decaying, weak gauge bosons can be significantly improved over traditional cut-based and boosted decision tree-based methods using deep learning and the jet charge variable. We construct binary taggers for ${W}^{+}$ vs ${W}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and $Z$ vs $W$ discrimination, as well as an overall ternary classifier for ${W}^{+}/{W}^{\ensuremath{-}}/Z$ discrimination. Besides a simple convolutional neural network, we also explore a composite of two simple convolutional neural networks, with different numbers of layers in the jet ${p}_{T}$ and jet charge channels. We find that this novel structure boosts the performance particularly when considering the $Z$ boson as a signal. The methods presented here can enhance the physics potential in Standard Model measurements and searches for new physics that are sensitive to the electric charge of weak gauge bosons.
Published: 2020
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43. Neutrino pion-production on a nucleon

Author: Fred Myhrer
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Nuclear Theory, Heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory, High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Weak interaction, Resonance (particle physics), Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Scattering amplitude, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Pion, Effective field theory, Neutrino, Nucleon
Abstract: Heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory ($\chi$PT), where the $\Delta$ resonance is included, is used in order to examine the axial charged-current component of the weak interaction process at low neutrino energies. At leading chiral order the Adler theorems, derived using PCAC, are satisfied. At next-to-leading chiral order this effective field theory goes beyond these theorems. I will show that $\chi$PT generates deviation from the PCAC predictions, which means that some neutrino-nucleon models that are used in evaluating neutrino nucleus scattering amplitudes, might need modifications., Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, Talk at the 9th International Workshop on Chiral Dynamics,Sept. 17-21, 2018, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
Published: 2020
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44. Fully open-flavor tetraquark states $bc\bar{q}\bar{s}$ and $sc\bar{q}\bar{b}$ with $J^{P}=0^{+},1^{+}$

Author: Qi-Nan Wang and Wei Chen
Subjects: Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat), Scalar (mathematics), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Weak interaction, Quantum number, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), High Energy Physics - Lattice, Tetraquark, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Sum rule in quantum mechanics, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract: We have studied the masses for fully open-flavor tetraquark states $bc\bar{q}\bar{s}$ and $sc\bar{q}\bar{b}$ with quantum numbers $J^{P}=0^{+},1^{+}$. We systematically construct all diquark-antiquark interpolating currents and calculate the two-point correlation functions and spectral densities in the framework of QCD sum rule method. Our calculations show that the masses are about $7.1-7.2$ GeV for the $bc\bar{q}\bar{s}$ tetraquark states and $7.0-7.1$ GeV for the $sc\bar{q}\bar{b}$ tetraquarks. The masses of $bc\bar{q}\bar{s}$ tetraquarks are below the thresholds of $\bar{B}_{s}D$ and $\bar{B}_{s}^{*}D$ final states for the scalar and axial-vector channels respectively. The $sc\bar{q}\bar{b}$ tetraquark states with $J^{P}=1^{+}$ lie below the $B_{c}^{+}K^{*}$ and $B_{s}^{*}D$ thresholds. Such low masses for these possible tetraquark states indicate that they can only decay via weak interaction and thus are very narrow and stable., 17 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2020

45. Super-Weak Force and Neutrino Masses

Author: Zoltan Laszlo Trocsanyi
Subjects: Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), General Mathematics, FOS: Physical sciences, Weak interaction, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, Standard Model, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Gauge group, gauge symmetry, 0103 physical sciences, Computer Science (miscellaneous), 010306 general physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, neutrino masses, lcsh:Mathematics, Yukawa potential, Charge (physics), lcsh:QA1-939, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Computer Science::Programming Languages, extension of the standard model of particle interactions, Anomaly (physics), Neutrino, Scalar field
Abstract: We consider an anomaly free extension of the standard model gauge group $G_{\rm SM}$ by an abelian group to $G_{\rm SM}\otimes U(1)_Z$. The condition of anomaly cancellation is known to fix the $Z$-charges of the particles, but two. We fix one remaining charge by allowing for all possible Yukawa interactions of the known left handed neutrinos and new right-handed ones that obtain their masses through interaction with a new scalar field with spontaneously broken vacuum. We discuss some of the possible consequences of the model. Assuming that the new interaction is responsible for the observed differences between the standard model prediction for the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon and its measured value, we constrain the size of the new gauge coupling, the mass of the new gauge boson and the vacuum expectation value of the new scalar field., 28 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2020
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46. Weak nuclear processes in the quest for elusive particles

Author: O. Moreno
Subjects: Physics, History, Sterile neutrino, Particle physics, Scattering, Nuclear Theory, Weak interaction, Computer Science Applications, Education, Standard Model, Neutron, Física nuclear, Neutrino, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment, Lepton
Abstract: 10 pags., 6 figs., Nuclear processes involving the weak interaction can be used to extract information on some elusive properties of particles. Remarkably useful to this goal is parity-violating elastic electron scattering off nuclei, which can be used to determine accurately the distribution of neutrons within the nucleus, including information on the neutron skin that can be related to the structure of neutron stars. It can also be used to determine the content of strange quark-antiquark virtual pairs in nucleons and can help in evaluating accurately Standard Model parameters or higher-order radiative corrections. To achieve these goals it is essential keeping under control the theoretical uncertainties that arise in modelling some confounding nuclear effects, such as isospin mixing or Coulomb distortion of electron wave functions. The paradigm of an evasive particle in current physics is dark matter. Sterile neutrinos are hypothetical dark matter candidates that could be produced in nuclear beta decays leaving a signal in the energy spectrum of the emitted charged lepton. They can also be coherently scattered by nuclei through an indirect weak neutral interaction, whose cross section can be written in terms of elastic electron scattering observables. We study the probability of these production and detection mechanisms using experimental and cosmological constraints on the sterile neutrino properties. The coherent scattering cross section off nuclei has also been analyzed for the Standard Model neutrinos, being a notably elusive process that has been recently measured for the first time and that can be used for Standard Model tests or for nuclear structure studies in ways analogous to parity-violating electron scattering.
Published: 2020

47. Birth of the Electroweak Theory

Author: E. B. Manoukian
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Electroweak interaction, Weak interaction, symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, symbols, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Beta (velocity), Neutrino, Lepton, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: The early work on the weak interaction theory was carried out by Enrico Fermi in an attempt to describe $\beta $ decay: $n \rightarrow p + e^- +\tilde{\nu }_e$, incorporating Wolfgang Pauli’s postulated particle in (1930), which Pauli called neutron, while Fermi referred to it later as the neutrino. Now this particle is referred to as the anti-neutrino due to the fact that different lepton numbers are assigned to the neutrino and anti-neutrino, consistent with other reactions, and due the opposite helicities carried by them. Pauli actually considered the mass of the neutrino to be very small but non-zero.
Published: 2020
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48. Nuclear Response to Second-Order Isospin Probes in Connection to Double Beta Decay

Author: Francesco Cappuzzello and Manuela Cavallaro
Subjects: Coupling constant, Physics, Particle physics, lcsh:QC793-793.5, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Charge exchange reactions, lcsh:Elementary particle physics, General Physics and Astronomy, Observable, Weak interaction, 01 natural sciences, Double beta decay, Connection (mathematics), Isospin, Nuclear matrix elements, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic nucleus, Neutrino, 010306 general physics
Abstract: One of the key ingredients needed to extract quantitative information on neutrino absolute mass scale from the possible measurement of the neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay half-lives is the nuclear matrix element (NME) characterizing such transitions. NMEs are not physical observables and can only be deduced by theoretical calculations. However, since the atomic nuclei involved in the decay are many-body systems, only approximated values are available to date. In addition, the value of the coupling constants to be used for the weak interaction vertices is still an open question, which introduces a further indetermination in the calculations of NMEs. Several experimental approaches were developed in the years with the aim of providing useful information to further constrain the theory. Here we give an overview of the role of charge exchange reactions in this scenario, focusing on second-order processes, namely the double charge exchange (DCE) reactions.
Published: 2020
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49. Parity- and time-reversal-violating nuclear forces

Author: Evgeny Epelbaum, Jordy de Vries, Michele Viviani, Emanuele Mereghetti, Alex Gnech, Luca Girlanda, de Vries, J., Epelbaum, E., Girlanda, L., Gnech, A., Mereghetti, E., and Viviani, M.
Subjects: Quark, Particle physics, Chiral perturbation theory, Nuclear Theory, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Biophysics, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Weak interaction, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), effective field theory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, Effective field theory, Nuclear force, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Mathematical Physics, chiral perturbation theory, Physics, nuclear forces, Parity (physics), Fundamental interaction, lcsh:QC1-999, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, few-body systems, fundamental symmetries in nuclei, Nucleon, few-body system, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: Parity-violating and time-reversal conserving (PVTC) and parity-violating and time-reversal-violating (PVTV) forces in nuclei form only a tiny component of the total interaction between nucleons. The study of these tiny forces can nevertheless be of extreme interest because they allow to obtain information on fundamental symmetries using nuclear systems. The PVTC interaction derives from the weak interaction between the quarks inside nucleons and nuclei and the study of PVTC effects opens a window on the quark-quark weak interaction. The PVTV interaction is sensitive to more exotic interactions at the fundamental level, in particular to strong CP violation in the Standard Model Lagrangian, or even to exotic phenomena predicted in various beyond-the-Standard-Model scenarios. The presence of these interactions can be revealed either by studying various asymmetries in polarized scattering of nuclear systems, or by measuring the presence of non-vanishing permanent electric dipole moments of nucleons, nuclei and diamagnetic atoms and molecules. In this contribution, we review the derivation of the nuclear PVTC and PVTV interactions within various frameworks. We focus in particular on the application of chiral effective field theory, which allows for a more strict connection with the fundamental interactions at the quark level. We investigate PVTC and PVTV effects induced by these potential on several few-nucleon observables, such as the longitudinal asymmetry in proton-proton scattering and radiative neutron-proton capture, and the electric dipole momentsof the deuteron and the trinucleon system., Comment: 68 pages, contribution to Frontiers in Physics
Published: 2020
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50. Spectroscopy of Trapped ¹³⁸Ba⁺ Ions for Atomic Parity Violation and Optical Clocks

Author: Elwin Dijck, Jungmann, Klaus, Willmann, Lorenz, and Precision Frontier
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Laser cooling, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Higgs boson, Elementary particle, Subatomic particle, Weak interaction, Atomic clock
Abstract: The Standard Model of particle physics describes the behavior of all known elementary particles. This theory is remarkably successful in explaining the dynamics of the subatomic world (see also the recent discovery of the predicted Higgs boson). Nevertheless, it leaves various fundamental questions unanswered. How can the theory of general relativity, which describes gravity, be unified with the Standard Model, which leaves out this force? Or what constitutes the dark matter that is hypothesized to explain astrophysical observations? These and other questions motivate exploring the limits of the Standard Model.In the search for new physics, several approaches exist. The Large Hadron Collider near Geneva, which discovered the Higgs boson, has the brute force to directly create new particles. However, working at a smaller scale and lower energy is also possible. The goal of the research presented in this thesis is to test the Standard Model using precision measurements and atomic physics techniques.This research focusses on using a single barium (Ba⁺) or radium ion (Ra⁺) that is slowed down using laser cooling and trapped in vacuum by an oscillating electric field. This enables high precision measurements to test the Standard Model description of the weak interaction in atoms (atomic parity violation) and test whether the fundamental constants are truly constant (optical atomic clocks).In preparation of these experiments, this thesis describes several spectroscopic measurements on trapped ¹³⁸Ba⁺ ions, including transition frequencies and lifetimes of atomic levels. This information is crucial for the atomic structure calculation necessary for interpreting future measurement results.
Published: 2020
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