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Abstract: Many numerical models have been developed to model the particle dynamics in the electrostatic precipitators in recent years. These models employ various particle charging models including field charging theory, diffusion charging theory and combined field-diffusion theory. These various charging models have different accuracy and require different amount of computational time. This work constructed a numerical model of the electrostatic precipitator and nine particle charging models were evaluated based on the existing experimental results. The results show that predictions of the constant charging models are higher than that of the non-constant models but differ little for the sub-micrometer particles. In the field-diffusion combining models, the one developed by should be the first choice relatively for numerical models of the particle dynamics in electrostatic precipitators. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Four kinds of solid particles were captured by a single fiber. The particles included two kinds of fly ash particles and two kinds of ceramic particles under three different types of charging pretreatment. The single fiber was fixed across a square cross-section glass tube. A standard continuous aerosol generator was used to disperse particles to generate a uniform aerosol. The aerosol particles from the generator were tribocharged, polarized or charged, and then passed across the fiber. A microscope and a CCD camera were used to observe the capturing process and the shape distribution of dendrites. The results showed that the deposited particles developed in different ways. In the tribocharged case, dendrite formation can be classified into three distinct stages. In the prepolarized case, straight chains were formed at a uniform spacing interval, and had high binding intensity to support very long chains. Even though the long chains fell over they still had high capturing efficiency. In the precharged case, some straight chains with some branches were formed, but their binding intensity was low and they easily fell over and broke. The results also showed how the particle diameter and shape influenced the formation of dendrites and chains. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Hybrid structure significantly affects the collection mechanism and performance of a hybrid particulate collector. The electrostatic precipitation of particles in the wire-perforated plate structure of a full-scale compact hybrid particulate collector is numerically simulated in this study. The distributions of electric and flow fields and the charging, motion, and precipitation of particles in this specific structure are studied. The results show that the distribution of electric field in the final stage is asymmetrical because of the baffle plate at the end of the channel. The field distributions of other stages are identical to that of wire-plate electrostatic precipitator. The openings increase the electric field strength in the region adjacent to the perforated plate. The electric field passes through the openings, which is then distributed to the back side of the perforated plate. The aerosol cross flow rate along the perforated plate varies periodically under the effect of electric body force. Whereas, the overall cross flow rate of each stage is the same, except the first stage. Two counter-rotating eddies are formed behind the perforated plate between every two openings. Particle charge exceeds 80% of the final charge when the particles move to the position of the first wire. The 10 μm particles finish their charging processes faster than 1 μm particles with a final charge of approximately 100 times that of 1 μm particles. The charge acquired by a particle under the wire-perforated plate structure is 3% higher than that under the wire-plate structure. Particle trajectory result shows three modes of electrostatic precipitation in a compact hybrid particulate collector, namely, collection on the front, flank, and back sides of the perforated plate. Particle transport by eddies on the back of the perforated plate plays an important role in particle deposition on the back side. Variation in the capture probability of particles released from different positions corresponds to the opening structure. High and low probability areas separate with each other. The collection efficiency of 10 μm particle is higher than that of the 1 μm particle. The results can explain hybrid mechanism and optimize hybrid structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A JKR-based dynamic model, with energy dissipation through both irreversible snap-on/snap-off process and viscoelastic effect, is developed to simulate the dynamics of low-velocity normal impact of micro-sized particle with a flat surface. The first-contact energy loss because of the incompletely reversible, quasi-static loading/unloading is incorporated in the dissipation model. The damping forces corresponding to both the attractive and repulsive components of the JKR contact forces are introduced to account for the hysteresis related to material viscoelasticity. The predicted particle behaviors for the impacts with incident velocities below or above the critical velocity are discussed. The predictions of both the critical velocity and the variation of restitution coefficient vs. incident velocity are compared with experiments in literature where reasonable agreement is obtained. The dependence of restitution coefficient on incident velocity is analyzed. Finally, the model sensitivity analysis such as the effect of the damping coefficient variation is discussed. The work provides a solid basis for the development of discrete-element-method approach of micro-sized particulate system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accuracy of the proposed criterion (C0) is significantly higher than that of previously reported criteria (C1–C3) comparing with the experimental results, because it considers the fluid force, TPCL movement, and other factors reasonably. • Critical sinking of micron hydrophobic particle is studied by detailed simulation. • Effect of Re , contact angle, and density ratio on critical sinking is revealed. • Both fluid force and surface tension play important roles in critical sinking. • Empirical formulas for accumulated work done by each force are correlated. • A criterion for critical sinking is proposed based on energy conversion analysis. Particle impacting on a liquid surface is frequently observed in natural and industrial processes. This study numerically investigates the critical sinking behaviour after the impact of hydrophobic micron particles on liquid surfaces. The effects of contact angle θ , density ratio D , and the Reynolds number Re on the motions of the particle and TPCL are analyzed. The dimensionless penetration depth of the particle increases with increasing θ and D , whereas the effect of Re is negligible. The relationship between the TPCL position on the particles and the normalised particle displacement is only determined by θ and almost unaffected by Re and D. For the critical sinking of hydrophobic micron particles, both fluid force and surface tension play important roles in the conversion of particle kinetic energy. A dimensionless energy conservation equation is constructed, based on which a simple criterion of critical sinking is proposed. The expression of this criterion is obtained based on the semi-empirical expressions describing the relationships of each dimensionless accumulated work with Re , θ , and D obtained from simulation results. Compared with existing criteria, the proposed criterion is more accurate because it considers the fluid force, TPCL movement, and other factors reasonably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]