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A recent measurement indicates that the W boson, a subatomic particle, has the expected mass as predicted by the standard model of physics. This contradicts a previous measurement that suggested the W boson was heavier than predicted, raising hopes for new particles and forces beyond the standard model. The new measurement was conducted by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and presented at CERN. While some physicists are disappointed by the result, others believe that further investigation is needed to understand the discrepancy. Funding agencies may consider supporting future research to resolve the issue. [Extracted from the article]

A team of cosmologists has used existing astronomical data to search for a hypothetical particle called the dark photon, which could potentially explain the universe's mysterious dark matter. By comparing the afterglow of the Big Bang to the distribution of galaxies, the researchers found no evidence of dark photons. However, their search has put limits on some dark photon masses, and the technique could be extended to other mass ranges with different cosmological data sets. The study highlights the importance of searching for dark matter in various ways and using existing data and analysis techniques. [Extracted from the article]

Physicists have once again used the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) detector to search for dark matter particles, specifically weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), but have found no evidence of their existence. The LZ experiment, which has five times better sensitivity than previous experiments, reported its findings at two conferences. While the absence of WIMPs does not rule out their existence, it suggests that the search for these particles may be entering its final stages. Physicists are now considering alternative explanations for dark matter, but it is still possible that WIMPs could be detected with more data. The LZ experiment has a significant advantage in sensitivity over other WIMP detectors and plans to continue collecting data until 2028. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents the discussion on quantum sensors solving one of the universe's biggest mysteries. Topics include detecting the granularity of the subatomic realm where matter and energy coming in tiny packets called quanta; detecting a single quantum particle such as a photon or an energetic electron; and device shielding from light and other forms of radiation.

A team of theorists claims to have derived Stephen Hawking's famous equation for the entropy of a black hole from the fundamental definition of entropy. The equation predicts that a black hole has entropy, which is typically associated with disorder. The researchers used a simple method involving shells of dust to count the microstates of a black hole and arrived at the Bekenstein-Hawking formula. While some experts find the argument convincing, others are skeptical and believe that the method used may have produced the correct answer through an artifact of their technique. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses that new measurements in physics confirm a fleeting subatomic particle called the muon having extra magnetism. It further states that the experiment involves measurement of the rate at which the muons twirl to exquisite precision gives away signals for the presence of something unknown for the physics to research on.

The article highlights the development of the Large Hadron Collider at the European particle physics laboratory CERN which will smash particles at unprecedented energy and may open new realms of discovery. Researchers hope to put the largest and most complex experimental device ever built through its warm-up laps. It was designed to smash particles at energies seven times higher than the previous record and should blast out the one bit of matter missing from physicists' theory of the known particles.

Now, SIOM physicist Wentao Wang, Feng, and colleagues have improved the output of their plasma wakefield accelerator enough to do something potentially useful with it: power an FEL. To make that possible, SIOM physicists had to shrink the spread in the electrons' energy to 0.5%. "It is hard to say how long it will take to reach the hard x-ray wavelengths, maybe a decade or longer", says Ruxin Li, an SIOM physicist and team member. [Extracted from the article]

For decades, physicists have measured the magnetism of the muon, a heavier, unstable cousin of the electron, which behaves like a tiny bar magnet. PHOTO (COLOR): Muons twirl as they circulate in this ring-shaped accelerator at Fermilab, like race cars perpetually spinning out. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the competition among researchers in detecting dark-matter particles. Kim Sun Kee of Seoul National University and his colleagues at the Korea Invisible Mass Research (KIMS) recorded one or two instances of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), prime candidates for dark matter. According to Blas Cabrera, who has stalked dark matter as the co-spokesperson of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) dark matter particles will be detected within 5 years given the favored theoretical models suggesting that researchers should soon have dark matter in their grasp. In 2003, researchers at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) measured the big bang afterglow in an effort to capture a speck of dark matter.

The article discusses the growth of particle astrophysics. Particle physics is not only rejenuvated but astrophysics and astronomy have also been changed by the growth of particle astrophysics. A broad movement of particle physicists into cosmology and astronomy is represented by particle astrophysics. According to the standard model of particle physics, quarks and leptons constitute matter. Many researchers prefer particle astrophysics as it provides a more congenial work environment. The growth of projects in particle astrophysics has been exemplified by Francis Halzen, a particle theorist.

Historically, physicists often have found new particles at proton colliders and studied them in detail at electron-positron colliders. Now, CERN physicists envision a future in which, around 2040, they build a huge circular electron-positron collider to study the Higgs. CERN may also have competition in the presumed collider arms race, as physicists in China have similar plans to build big circular colliders. [Extracted from the article]

To study such neutrino oscillations, physicists with the T2K experiment fire muon neutrinos or antineutrinos - generated by slamming protons into a graphite target - from the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) in Tokai to SuperKamiokande (Super-K), an underground tank 295 kilometers away that holds 50,000 tons of ultrapure water and is lined with 13,000 light-sensing phototubes. Muon neutrinos turn into electron neutrinos at a higher rate than muon antineutrinos turn into electron antineutrinos, the 357-strong team reports today in Nature. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on quantum theory of gravity. Candidate theories can be tested directly only with particle collisions a million, billion times more energetic than any produced with a particle accelerator. Only a decade ago, questioning special relativity would have struck many as heretical, says Robert Bluhm, a theoretical physicist at Colby College in Waterville, Maine. Physicists are now testing special relativity with everything from enormous particle accelerators, to tiny electromagnetic traps that can hold a single electron for months, to bobs of metal twisting on the ends of long fibers. INSET: Doubly Special, Twice as Controversial.

Physicists working with Cornell University's Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) particle collider of Cornell University, Ithace, New York, embark on the venerable machine's final mission: to decipher the strong force that binds quarks to one another. In a circular tunnel, electrons and their antimatter partners, positrons, whirl at near light speed through the 768-meter-long CESR. Speeding in opposite directions, the electrons and positrons slam into each other to produce more massive particles in the heart of the accelerator's mate, the three-story-tall particle detector CLEO, which squats in a cavernous hall on the other side of a cement wall. Those exotic particles quickly explode into more-familiar ones, and barrellike CLEO faithfully tracks the shards. INSET: Laurels for CESR and CLEO.

Highlights from the article: PHOTO (COLOR): In a simulated event, the track of a decay particle called a muon (red), displaced slightly from the center of particle collisions, could be a sign of new physics. In 2012, experimenters at the $5 billion LHC discovered the Higgs boson, the last particle predicted by the standard model of particles and forces, and the key to explaining how fundamental particles get their masses. Long-lived particles also emerge in "dark sector" theories that envision undetectable particles that interact with ordinary matter only through "porthole" particles, such as a dark photon that every so often would replace an ordinary photon in a particle interaction.

The article focuses on the lack of new exotic particle discoveries by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2016. It states hints of a new exotic particle reported by the A Toroidal LHC Apparatus and the Compact Muon Solenoid ended up being statistical fluctuations in the data caused by pairs of random, unrelated photons. It comments on the increasing likelihood the supersymmetry theory will be ruled out and suggests particle accelerators will rely on increased precision to find new particles.

The article focuses on research into quark-gluon plasma and the development of a quark-gluon plasma model. It states that the only two atom smashers that can generate quark-gluon plasma are the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHID) at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York and the Large Hadron Collider in Europe, and comments that the RHID is dedicated to studying quark-gluon plasma. It mentions the U.S. Department of Energy may be forced to shut down the RHIC due to limited funding. It comments that quark-gluon plasma is generated when two heavy nuclei are smashed together to form a plasma of quarks, antiquarks, and gluons before it cools into ordinary particles.

The article discusses China's Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment in Hong Kong. Topics include the measurement of a crucial parameter that describes the behavior of subatomic particles, called neutrinos, by physicists with China's Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) in Beijing, how understanding neutrinos' behavior may help scientists explain why the universe contains much more matter than antimatter, and the IHEP physicists methodology that helped them find key measurements faster than their competitors.

The article discusses an experiment that detected subatomic particles, called neutrinos, traveling faster than the speed of light and the implications for science if the results can not be replicated. The Oscillation Project with Emulsion-Racking Apparatus (OPERA) experiment is a collaboration between the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and physicists at Italy's Gran Sasso National Laboratory. Topics include an overview of how the OPERA experiment was conducted, skepticism among physicists regarding the speed at which the neutrinos were recorded, and attempts by scientists with the MINOS experiment at the U.S. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory to replicate the OPERA experiment.

The article focuses on research into atomic nuclei. It states that experimenters are using particle accelerators to create unstable and radioactive nuclei. It mentions that the unstable nuclei are comprised of protons and neutrons that are loosely composed and have nothing that keeps them intact. It comments that unbound nuclei could offer insights into the mechanics of stellar explosions that create heavy elements. It mentions methods of creating lithium-10 isotopes, including firing beryllium-11 nuclei through carbon targets and firing lithium-11 nuclei at carbon targets.

The article provides information about the different measures on creating a new collider being established by competing teams from Japan, United States, and Italy. It is stated that physicists and scientists from various countries are planning to push an existing machine to its limits and upgrade its features, use an idea of cobbling together old parts of the machine, and put precision physics to work to be able to build a new particle smasher. Information regarding the features of entries are discussed in the article.

The article discusses the significance of Fermi condensate in physics. Fermi condensates are fermions which behave like the electrons in a superconductor. To form a Fermi condensate, physics experts chilled their atoms to a few billionths of a kelvin. Many physicists believe that the discovery of Fermi condensates could open new realms of research in physics. Randall Hulet, a researcher at Rice University in Houston, Texas, states that experiments with ultracold fermions might answer the mystery of high-temperature superconductivity.

The article focuses on an experiment conducted by a team of physicists at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) that aims to confirm the existence of a new particle in Switzerland. The positive results of the experiment are considered to be revolutionary, thus scientists are aiming to prove first the supposed Polarizzazione del Vuoto con LASer particle. Fermilab researchers performed the experiment by shining a laser through a high technology mirror. An extra superconducting magnet from Fermilab's Tevatron collider is likewise used to supply the testing field. Giovanni Cantatore, physicist at the University of Trieste in Italy, admits the less chances of their economical experiment, but expresses excitement over its possible outcome.

The article presents an opinion regarding the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the practice of particle physics. Nuclear physicists express fear that the LHC's detection of a particle called the Higgs boson would cause collider physics to grind to a halt. The special theory of relativity and quantum mechanics would be proven wrong if the LHC does not detect new particles.

The article highlights trends pertaining to the design and development of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European laboratory CERN near Geneva, Switzerland. The machine is expected to surpass the Superconducting Super Collider which was designed to reach energies three times higher than those of LHC. SSC failed to accomplish its intended application because of a small but expensive design change made by researchers. Researchers have installed hundreds of adjustable constrictions called collimators to the LHC that will catch the inevitable wayward particles.

The article presents information related to the efforts made by the physicists at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) in Batavia, Illinois, in discovering Higgs boson, the particle thought to give other particles their mass. The revamped Tevatron collider of Fermilab failed to smash protons into antiprotons at the rate researchers had counted on, four years ago. A reshuffling of personnel and much hard work enabled the Tevatron in cranking out data at a prodigious rate. Fermilab's scientists are optimistic that, if nature cooperates, they have a shot at seeing the Higgs boson. The recovery of the Tevatron is still on. The continuous improvement of the machine may enable it to produce slightly more than half the data researchers once hoped for by 2009. This improvement would be enough to spot the Higgs. Fermilab is trying its best to improve Tevatron and even called on other labs for help.

The article reports on the Brookhaven National Laboratory using the 4-kilometer-long Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to produce a superhot, ultrathin soup of fundamental particles called quarks and gluons. The observation of the quark-gluon plasma sheds light on the type of matter that filled the infant universe and has opened a new frontier in nuclear physics. To explore it, though, researchers need a landmark--and they hope to find it by boiling nuclei like water in a kettle. Ordinary nuclei fill a spot on the chilly southern edge, and RHIC has explored the low-density, high-temperature western border. Most theorists believe that somewhere to the north and east in the "phase diagram" lies a special point beyond which the transformation from ordinary nuclear matter to free-flying quarks and gluons becomes violent, like the boiling of water. Glued together with gluons, quarks ordinarily bind so tightly that they're always found either in groups of three--as in the protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei--or in quark-antiquark pairs in fleeting particles called mesons.

Particle physicists have known the exact form and origin of the force that binds fundamental particles called quarks into protons, neutrons, and myriad other particles. Yet the theory of that “strongforce” is so complicated that researchers have struggled to perform many basic calculations, such as precisely accounting for the mass of the proton. But thanks to several key insights and the help of powerful computers, some theoretical physicists say they are on the verge cracking the theory of the strong force, which is known as quantum chromodynamics. They have already performed a first set of high-precision calculations, and within a few years they hope to make a slew of detailed predictions that will open new avenues of research, says Peter Lepage of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. INSET: Monster Machines.

The article presents information related to a research study conducted by Thomas Baumann and colleagues at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University (MSU) in East Lansing, Michigan, according to which the limit of neutrons that can be packed into a nucleus may be higher than theorists had thought. Researchers discovered a new nucleus, aluminum-42, which contains 13 protons and 29 neutrons. It is reported that aluminum-42 could cast a long shadow in the study of rare isotopes. To make aluminum-42, the MSU team blasted calcium-48 nuclei, which have 20 protons and 28 neutrons, through a tungsten target.

The article discusses the impact of the formation of the superfluid that results from the pairing of some particles due to very low temperatures. The bad thing about superfluid is that it flows without resistance which explains how electrons slide through superconductors, how atoms of helium-3 form a liquid with no viscosity and how neutrons circulate through neutron stars. However, an experiment was created which leads to the breaking of the pairing-to-superfluidity connection. One physicist explained that atoms in an ultra-cold gas can pair but do not flow without resistance, even at temperatures drawing close to zero.

The article presents information on the experiment conducted by physicists of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in Menlo Park, California to test the matter-antimatter asymmetry as postulated under the standard model of particles. The standard model explains that the atomic nuclei consists of smaller particles called up quarks and down quarks. These particles have two sets of quarks; the heavier quarks, and the massive quarks. The heavier quarks through interaction can transform into lighter ones.

The article focuses on the research on measuring the condition or state of a particle. The minimal disturbance measurements probe the fundamental limits set by quantum theory and might someday help carry quantum information down optical fibers. To avoid the maximum possible disturbance of photon, Fabio Sciarrino and Francesco De Martini of the University of Rome and colleagues entangled the photon they wanted to measure with a second photon in a half-horizontal, half-vertical state and measured the second photon instead. Because of the entanglement, if one photon was measured to be vertical or horizontal, the other instantly collapsed into the same state, so measuring the second was equivalent to measuring the first directly. Ulrik Andersen and Gerd Leuchs of Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany and colleagues have performed a similar experiment with different quantum states of light. The researchers used a partially reflective mirror to split off and measure a bit of the state.

The article reports that particle physicists settled this week on the basic specifications for the International Linear Collider, a multibillion-dollar particle smasher. The physicists hope that governments in Europe, Asia, and North America will agree to build sometime in the next decade. Researchers in Frascati, Italy, finalized a document that sets general parameters, such as the strength of the particle-accelerating electric fields in the 40-kilometer-long tunnels. Over the next year, physicists will design the many parts of the machine, which would collide electrons and positrons.