Search

Background: A late‐appearing patch test reaction may be a sign of active sensitization or represent a delayed elicitation reaction. Objectives: To retrospectively study the effect of concentration on the time course of allergic reactions to routine concentration dilution series of formaldehyde and nickel sulfate. Methods: We tested concentration dilution series of 2%, 1%, 0.32% and 0.1% formaldehyde and 5%, 1.6%, 0.5% and 0.16% nickel sulfate, respectively. The last readings were performed on day 4 to day 6. We included patients with allergic reactions to either of the two lowest concentrations in each dilution series and whose tests had been read three times. Results: Forty‐two nickel‐allergic and 23 formaldehyde‐allergic patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In 26 (62%) of the nickel‐sensitive patients, reactions to lower concentrations appeared later than reactions to the highest concentration. Of the formaldehyde‐sensitive patients, 17 (74%) developed one or two allergic reactions to lower concentrations later than reactions to the highest concentration, and one (4%) patient developed allergic reactions to lower concentrations sooner than a reaction to the highest concentration. The remaining patients showed all allergic reactions at the same reading. Conclusions: In these selected, relatively strongly sensitized patients, allergic reactions to lower concentrations quite regularly appeared later than reactions to higher concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The proportion of positive test results with gold sodium thiosulfate included in a patch test panel (P‐GST) had been found to be greater than that with gold sodium thiosulfate 0.5% pet. by allergEAZE (A‐GST). Objectives: To compare positive reactions to P‐GST and A‐GST, and to evaluate late reactions after the day (D) 7 reading. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of 588 patients at participating departments (119 males; 469 females) who were patch tested with P‐GST and A‐GST in May 2015 to March 2016. Results: Positive test reactions to P‐GST and A‐GST were observed in 15% and 6% of patients, respectively. Three patients reported a positive reaction occurring after the D7 reading. Conclusions: Gold sodium thiosulfate often gives a positive reaction after 2 to 3 weeks, and, in such cases, the positive reaction may be sustained, so it is recommended to assess the reaction for up to 1 month after application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Arthroplasty patients with complications may be sensitized to implant components. Objectives. To quantify patch test reactions to implant materials in aseptic cemented arthroplasty patients with complications, and to evaluate the benefit of late patch test reading at D6. Methods. Analyses of patch test reactions to baseline series and bone cement components and of the questionnaire-aided histories of 250 consecutive patientswith suspected implant allergy were performed. Patch tests were read at D2, D3, and D6. Results. There were 187 positive reactions to the 29 allergens of the baseline series, and 52 to the seven allergens of the bone cement series. Forty-nine of 250 patients reacted to the bone cement series. In contrast to 'early allergens' such as fragrance mix, late reading at D6 increased the number of positive reactions by 11/32 for nickel, 1/5 for cobalt, and 2/4 for chromium. With bone cement components, most reactions were to gentamicin (25 of 250 patients), and 17 of 25 appeared only at D6. Conclusion. Late reading is useful for patch tests with metals and bone cement components. With only D2/D3 readings, 32 reactions to nickel, cobalt, chromium and bone cement componentswould have been missed. This underlines the utility of late reading in general and in complicated cemented arthroplasty patients, given the unexpectedly high number of gentamicin reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the late reactions experienced by patients who undergone patch testing. A review of 2000 patients who attended patch testing from 2000-2005 is presented. The result of the review shows that less than 1% of the patients experience late reactions wherein most of these responses in not due to active sensitization. Tables of the research, including one on the allergens in 11 patients and another on the results of repeat patch testing, are presented.

The article presents the case study of 45-year-old Turkish woman presented with fever and a pustular eruption on an erythematous base on the trunk and extremities. It mentions that eruption started from intertriginous areas while she was using varenicline. It states that histopathology was consistent with the diagnosis of acute generaized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP).

The article presents a case study of a 34-year-old woman presented with eczematous lesions on the arms and dorsum of the hands, considered to be atopic dermatitis. She was tested with the textile dyes Disperse Orange 1 and Disperse Yellow 3. It shows that the patient is allergic to Disperse Orange 1 on an earlier patch test occasion. It presents the causes of the allergy which include the physico-chemical features of the substance and its metabolism/degradation by skin bacteria.

The article presents case studies of a 10-year-old girl who has eczematous areas because of the jewelry she wore and a 25-year-old man who has a 2-month history of generalized eczema which began on his feet. Both patients underwent patch tests, using metal series. The tests of the two resulted a ++/++ reaction at D2/D4 to beryllium chloride 1% pet. Both cases are reported of late reactions to beryllium which is caused by active sensitization.