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Background Goats are increasingly being kept as companion animals, thus their owners expect advanced medical care, including modern diagnostic imaging. Computed tomography (CT) is now widely used in veterinary medicine, in both clinical practice and for scientific purposes. So far, the CT appearance of various body parts has been described in goats, but reports on thyroid gland CT are still lacking. The thyroid gland in goats may become enlarged due to dietary, genetic or neoplastic disorders. CT examination, as in other animals and humans, could aid in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases in goats and could be used for research purposes. The aim of the study was to present the CT characteristics of the normal caprine thyroid gland, in particular its dimensions, volume and density. Results Fifty-seven goats were included in the study. None of the animals had clinical, CT, post-mortem or histopathologic abnormalities in the thyroid gland. CT features of the thyroid gland were determined, such as dimensions, volume, density, location and shape. The presence of the thyroid isthmus and ectopic thyroid tissue was also assessed. The gland was visible in every animal as two homogenous, highly attenuating, well-circumscribed lobes located in the most cranial part of the trachea. The mean dimensions of the thyroid lobe were 30.3 × 12.7 × 6.7 mm, the mean density was 80.9 Hounsfield Units (HU) and the mean volume was 1.32 cm3 or 1.39 cm3, depending on the method used. Also, the internal parathyroid glands were visible in some animals. Conclusions For the first time, the normal CT appearance of the thyroid gland has been presented. CT clearly shows the thyroid gland in goats and therefore can be used in clinical practice and for research. The results of the current study may serve as a radiological guideline for practitioners and may be the basis for further CT studies on normal and diseased caprine thyroid glands.

Background Ectopic thyroid papillary carcinoma presenting as bilateral neck lymph nodes metastasis is very rare. Ectopic thyroid tissue may appear in any location along the trajectory of the thyroglossal duct from the foramen cecum to the mediastinum. It is subject to malignant transformation and is classically accompanied by a similar transformation of the native thyroid gland. Similar to that of the native thyroid gland, the most common malignancy found is Papillary thyroid carcinoma. Unusual cases in which ectopic thyroid carcinoma presents with normal native tissue support an alternative hypothesis that ectopic thyroid tissue may develop malignancies independently from the native thyroid gland. Objective We present an extremely rare case of a 30-year-old woman previously diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, presenting with a palpable mass in the lateral neck suspicious for malignancy. Results After several examinations and surgical removal of the mass, histopathologic evaluation of the continuous sections of the thyroid, demonstrated metastatic disease from papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Total thyroidectomy and biopsy revealed benign thyroid tissue without any foci of microcarcinoma. A hypothesis of ectopic thyroid tissue and its malignant transformation was made. Conclusion By presenting this case, our goal is to highlight and make the physicians aware of the possibility of developing primary carcinoma of the ectopic thyroid tissue, without an active tumor of the thyroid gland.

Ectopic differentiated thyroid carcinoma represents less than 1% of all thyroid carcinoma cases, which usually arises along the cervical midline, and (delving into literature) there are scarce reports of such entity in nuclear medicine imaging studies. We present a rare case of a confirmed synchronous, orthotopic, and heterotopic (in lateral ectopic thyroid tissue) differentiated thyroid carcinoma in a patient who was previously misdiagnosed as having a cervical paraganglioma, based on compatible clinical, analytical, and imagenological (both structural and functional) findings.

Objective: Ectopic thyroid tissue (ETT) is a rare entity resulting from thyroid gland dysembryogenesis. We present a case of ETT confirmed by histopathology that was misdiagnosed clinically as a carotid body tumor. Methods: A 34-year-old female with a history of thyroidectomy for a goiter presented with 1 year of worsening tachycardia (heart rate ranging from 82 to 111 beats per minute), anxiety, hot flashes, and intolerance to heat. For further evaluation, we obtained imaging of her neck, including a thyroid ultrasound, a computed tomography (CT) scan, and an octreotide scan. We also performed laboratory studies including fractionated 24-hour urine meta-nephrines and thyroid function tests. Results: Her thyroid ultrasound showed a mass at the right carotid bifurcation, which was confirmed on CT as well as on an octreotide scan. Her free thyroxine was 0.6 ng/dL (normal, 0.7 to 1.5 ng/dL) and her thyroid-stimulating hormone was 4.51 mIU/L (normal, 0.45 to 4.5 mIU/L). Her fractionated 24-hour total urine metanephrines were 1,502 mcg/24-hour (normal, 149 to 535 mcg/24-hour). She underwent resection of a vascular mass from the carotid bifurcation. Histologic examination revealed ETT with dilated follicles filled with colloid with no evidence of paraganglioma/carotid body tumor. Conclusion: The somatostatin receptor is typically present in paragangliomas; however, there are reports of octreotide uptake within thyroid goiters. It has been demonstrated that psychoactive medications can increase urine metanephrines. Given the patient's psychiatric history and that no other tumors were identified on imaging, it was felt that the elevated urine normetanephrine in this case was most likely due to psychoactive medication use. This case demonstrates the preoperative imaging findings and postoperative pathologic confirmation of an unusual presentation of ETT.

Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare pathological finding bellow the diaphragm and extremely rare finding is ectopic thyroid tissue in the adrenal gland. Thyroid tissue can be located anywhere along the way of embryological migration pathway of thyroglossal duct. In most cases of ectopic thyroid tissue, it is located in the neck. Pathohistologically ectopic thyroid tissue in all cases was formed of follicular cells that expressed TTF-1, Thyroglobulin, PAX8, and cytokeratin 7, and there was lack expression of calretinin. In the literature we found 15 such cases. Women are much more affected than men (14:1), and it usually presents in the fifth decade (mean age 49). In all cases it was composed of normal follicular cells, and C cells were not found. Review of the literature reveals that adrenal ectopic thyroid tissue is almost always cystic, and has distinctive pathologic features. The most important thing is that ectopic thyroid tissue must be distinguished from metastatic deposits from thyroid gland carcinoma.

Introduction Ectopic thyroid tissue can be found in many sites. Ectopic thyroid tissue may also be involved in the same processes as normal thyroid gland. These processes include tumors, inflammation and hyperplasia. The appearance of such tissue in rare locations may lead to diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. Presentation of Ccase We report a rare case of primary papillary carcinoma in an ectopic thyroid in the jugulocarotid regionbased on the bifurcation of the carotid artery, in a 62-year-old woman with history of diabetes and high blood pressure, with a normal thyroid gland. Discussion The origin of lateral ectopic thyroid tissue is not fully understood and controversial.The lateral localisation is a rare entity and debated extensively in the literature. Conclusion Though rare, the possibility of an ectopic thyroid carcinoma must always be considered by the surgeon in cases of a pathological mass in the neck.

Introduction Ectopic thyroid is a rare congenital condition. Dual ectopic thyroid is rarer still with only  30 cases reported in literature. The most common location  is the lingual or sublingual region followed by the hyoid region. Instances of dual ectopic thyroid with one in lingual region and the other in mediastinum are very few. Case Report A case of dual ectopic thyroid is presented with absent normal thyroid in a girl of 14 years who presented with difficulty in swallowing and lump sensation in throat. Ultrasound, MRI scan and Technetium 99m pertechnetate thyroid scan were done. She showed lingual thyroid and thyroid tissue in upper mediastinum and no thyroid tissue in the normal anatomical location. Discussion The discovery of mediastinal ectopic thyroid was incidental. She had subclinical hypothyroidism and was treated with thyroxine replacement therapy.Â

Ectopic thyroid tissue is ubiquitous in the body, most frequently seen at the base of tongue, accounting for approximately 95% of reported cases. Branchial cleft cyst, a congenital abnormality, can occasionally harbor thyroid tissue inside the cyst. These ectopic thyroid tissues can develop the same disease as the orthodox thyroid gland, including the malignant diseases. Papillary thyroid carcinoma arising in the branchial cleft cyst was extremely rare, total of only 14 cases were reported in the literature. Herein, I report additional case which was discovered incidentally after surgery.

The thyroid gland is found in the neck and corresponds to the 2-4 tracheal cartilages. It is rarely found in other sites and is termed ectopic thyroid tissue (ETT) once found. In this report, we present a case of a 19-year-old female who was diagnosed with ETT in the lumbar region and posterior mediastinal region after total thyroidectomy for a large dominant thyroid nodule. ETT has a unique presentation and physicians should be vigilant to diagnose it correctly and promptly to decrease morbidity associated with the disease.

Normal anatomical location of thyroid gland is anterior to trachea and larynx. Ectopic thyroid is rare presentation. Ectopic thyroid tissue in submandibular region is even more rare. This article reports a case of five year old child who presented with swelling in left submandibular region which was later diagnosed to be an ectopic thyroid gland with no thyroid tissue in thyroid bed. Although rare, physician should consider possibility of ectopic thyroid in patient presenting with submandibular mass. Ultrasonography should always be performed to confirm presence of normal thyroid gland if surgical excision is planned.

Background Ectopic thyroid is a developmental anomaly of the thyroid gland of embryological origin. Instead of having a pretracheal situation, thyroid tissue is elsewhere, most commonly in the median cervical line along the course of the thyroglossal duct. Lingual thyroid is the most common presentation. Ectopic thyroid tissue in the submandibular region has been rarely reported. Case presentation We report herein a case of a 65-year-old man admitted to our department with a complaint of a painless swelling in the left submandibular region. Conclusions Thyroid gland ectopia should be considered among the differential diagnoses of submandibular swelling. Ectopic thyroid tissue can present with the same pathology affecting the normal thyroid gland such as malignancy and hyperthyroidism.

ZusammenfassungNach einer roboterassistierten rechtsseitigen Nephrektomie einer tumortragenden Niere wird ektopes Schilddrüsengewebe an der Niere nachgewiesen. Dies ist extrem selten in der Literatur beschrieben. Ektopes Schilddrüsengewebe ist selten und tritt meist im Halsbereich und im oberen Mediastinum auf. Die klinischen Symptome sind von Größe, Lokalisation und hormoneller Funktion des ektopen Gewebes abhängig. Therapie der Wahl bleibt die operative Entfernung des ektopen Gewebes, in vereinzelten Fällen bleibt auch eine konservative Therapie als Option. Dieser Artikel soll dazu dienen, bei renalen unklaren Raumforderungen differentialdiagnostisch auch an paraneoplastisches oder ektopes Gewebe aus anderen Organen zu denken.

The current study reports the case of multifocal ectopic thyroid tissues in the breast. Ectopic thyroid tissue is an uncommon entity found not only in the cysts of thyroglossal ducts, but also along the thyroglossal duct. The most frequent location of this tissue is the base of the tongue, but they can also occur in the anterior tongue, submandibular or sublingual region, larynx, trachea, mediastinum and heart. Only a single case of ectopic thyroid tissue in breast has been previously reported in English literature. However, the current case was associated with abnormal embryological development compared with previous reports, which are attributed to abnormal implantation.

A full-term male neonate presented with a left sided cervical lump at the level of the thyroid gland. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a benign heterogeneous solid mass with lobulated margins. The tumor underwent complete excision. Histology revealed the diagnosis of chondromesenchymal hamartoma in ectopic thyroid tissue.

Intracardiac ectopic thyroid tissue is an extremely rare condition, with only 37 cases reported in the English literature. We present a case of intracardiac ectopic thyroid adenoma and briefly review the published reports.

Concurrent thyroid hemiagenesis and ectopic thyroid tissue are rare conditions and can challenge the clinical appearance. Only one other case story in the literature has described thyroid hemiagenesis and concurrent submandibular ectopic thyroid tissue. A 29-year-old female with an asymptomatic submandibular mass was referred to our clinic. Based on clinical investigation and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration, we were not able to determine whether the neck mass was a cystic metastasis or ectopic thyroid tissue. Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed hemiagenesis of the right thyroid lobe. The neck mass was surgically removed, and the histopathology revealed thyroid tissue without malignancy. This case suggests that a thorough clinical evaluation with proper radiological imaging modalities is essential for the correct diagnosis. One should have in mind that ectopic thyroid tissue could be present outside the migration way of the thyroglossal duct and present as a submandibular neck mass.

Background: The production of thyroglobulin (TG) is initiated by TSH binding to the TSH receptor leading to the transcription and production of TG protein. TG protein then gets transported to the lumen of the follicular cell where its tyrosine amino acids get iodinated and coupled to form T3 and T4. TG deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic condition characterized by congenital thyroid goiter, increased thyroid uptake and primary hypothyroidism. Clinical Case: A 21 year old South Asian female with a history of TG deficiency, hypothyroidism, and thyroid goiter status post thyroidectomy presented with a right sided neck mass. She was diagnosed hypothyroidism with a goiter at the age of five. Levothyroxine replacement was initiated and she had normal growth and development. At the age of ten upon transferring care to our health network, there was concern for enlargement of the goiter. Labs showed TSH of 2.85 uIU/mL (normal: 0.36-3.74 ulU/mL), thyroid binding globulin of 18.2 ug/mL (normal: 13-30 ug/mL), TG antibody less than 20 IU/mL (normal: less than 40 lU/mL) and TG level less than 0.2 ng/mL (normal: less than 55 ng/mL). Thyroid uptake and scan showed overall increased uptake. Genetic studies revealed homozygous mutation of thyroglobulin deficiency. Further history obtained confirmed patient’s parents were first cousins with heterozygous thyroglobulin mutations. Due to enlarging multinodular goiter with thyroid gland measuring 6.2 cm x 4 cm on the right and 6.2 x 3.6 cm on the left, total thyroidectomy was completed in 2012. Pathology showed benign thyroid tissue. In May 2019 the patient skipped levothyroxine replacement due to lapse in prescription refill and TSH increased to 28 ulU/mL. Around that time, she noticed an enlarging right sided neck mass. MRI of the neck showed an enhancing mass posterior to the submandibular gland measuring 1.6 x 1.4 cm. Fine needle aspiration in August 2019, showed a mixed population of lymphocytes and few benign appearing glandular cells. Pathology obtained after resection of the right neck mass in September 2019 revealed benign thyroid tissue with no lymphoid tissue, staining positive for TTF-1 and PAX-8. Conclusion: TG deficiency has an incidence of 1:100,000 live births and is more common in cases of genetic consanguinity. There have been over fifty mutations of varying penetrance identified leading to differing consequences in TG production and processing. These mutations can cause structural changes in the TG protein, decreased tyrosine residue on TG leading to poor iodination and ineffective TG transport within the follicular cell. We propose that the right sided neck mass was regrowth of residual thyroid tissue due to the stimulatory effect of TSH after missed doses of levothyroxine caused TSH elevation. Our case is the first of TG deficiency wherein the patient developed ectopic thyroid tissue proliferation after a period of thyroid hormone deficiency.

Ectopic thyroid tissue occurs in about 1 in 10,000 people. It can be seen anywhere from foramen caecum to lower neck region. But, it is rarely seen in a lateral neck mass, especially in branchial cleft cyst. Transformation to a malignant state in an ectopic thyroid tissue is uncommon, with most of the diagnoses found routinely through the post-operative histopathological analysis. Hereby, we report a rare case of an ectopic papillary thyroid carcinoma with an initial pre-operative diagnosis of a branchial cleft cyst. However, no primary thyroid gland malignancy was found. The pathophysiology and rarity of these disorders are explored. A high index of suspicion of ectopic tissue and malignancy must be in mind while attending to patients with long-standing, uninvestigated lateral neck masses. Excision biopsy and histopathological study are the two definitive steps to be undertaken

Introduction: Ectopic thyroid tissue can be found anywhere along the embryologic path of thyroid descent. Intralaryngo-tracheal thyroid tissue is the least common site of ectopia and can present with upper airways obstruction. Its presentation in the neonate is exceptional. Case Report: We describe a term female neonate with subglottic thyroid tissue causing near-total occlusion of the larynx, which led to upper airways obstruction and neonatal death. Conclusion: This emphasizes the importance of considering intralaryngo-tracheal tumors as a cause of acute and otherwise unexplainable respiratory distress immediately after birth. The cause of this neonatal death would not have been elucidated without careful autopsy examination.

Thyroglossal cyst is formed from the remnant of thyroglossal tract around 8th–10th weeks of gestation. Thyroglossal cyst is the most common congenital mass found in neck midline. Development of carcinoma in thyroglossal cyst is rare, with an incidence of 0.7%–1.0%. Nearly 90% of the malignancies developing in thyroglossal cyst are thyrogenic in origin arising from the ectopic thyroid tissue. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for

Ectopic thyroid is a condition in which the thyroid tissue is present outside its normal anatomical position. Usually the ectopic thyroid is present along the line of its migration. The presence of ectopic thyroid tissue within the trachea is a very rare condition. Surgery is appropriate treatment for patients with ectopic thyroid tissue with clinical signs of upper airway obstruction. Here we present such a case where an ectopic intratracheal thyroid was causing airway obstruction.

Abnormal Pertechnetate distribution can occur due to many reasons such as retrosternal extension of eutopic thyroid gland, ectopic functioning thyroid gland, physiological uptake in esophagus, teratoma having functioning thyroid tissue component, metastatic lymph nodes and sequestered thyroid nodule. We present a case of thyrotoxicosis with hyper functioning thyroid gland and two abnormal foci of uptake in the mediastinum in a linear fashion that mimcked esophageal activity. These foci persisted even after consuming water. SPECT localised these foci in retrosternal and likely to be ectopic functioning thyroid. Retrosternal ectopic thyroid tissue may not usually be detected on Tc-99m scan due to attenuation of low-energy gamma rays by sternal bone. However, hyperfunctioning tissue enabled visualization of the retrosternal ectopic thyroid.

Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare entity of embryological aberration along the tract of descend of thyroid gland. Accurate localization and characterization are required for deciding management based on clinical features and symptoms. Ectopic thyroid in the absence of normal thyroid gland is uncommon. However, triple ectopic thyroid with absence of normal thyroid gland is very rare, with only a few cases reported previously. We present a case of triple ectopic thyroid, which appeared as single on planar Tc-sodium pertechnetate image, but was evident on SPECT/CT images.

Ectopic thyroid tissue is an uncommon clinical finding of thyroid tissue in a location other than the normal position of the thyroid in the lower anterior neck. Most commonly, thyroid ectopia exists as a lingual thyroid at the base of the tongue or in other structures which are in close proximity to the thyroid, including the larynx, trachea, surrounding soft tissue and muscles, or within thyroglossal duct cysts. More broadly, thyroid tissue can be found within the Wolfler area, which is located from the inferior border of the mandible to the aortic arch. Less commonly, thyroid ectopia can be found in more distant sites. A 65-year-old female with a history of type 2 diabetes and a recently discovered multinodular goiter presented to our clinic for further evaluation. She has no family history of thyroid cancer or personal history of radiation exposure. Her TSH and free T4 were 0.59 ng/dL and 0.93 uIU/mL, respectively. Additionally, thyroid peroxidase antibodies were negative. A routine ultrasound exam revealed a nodular goiter with a dominant 4.8 cm right isoechoic low-risk thyroid nodule in addition to two separate 1 cm heterogeneous isoechoic masses located in the midline at the junction of the thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone. The masses did not contain discrete nodules. CT scan demonstrated the nodular thyroid gland, a 1.2 cm mass located anterior to the hyoid, and a 1.3 cm mass embedded in the left strap muscle without adenopathy. A nuclear thyroid scan demonstrated radioactive iodine uptake in both of these extrathyroidal masses confirming multiple sites of ectopic thyroid tissue. Fine needle aspiration was performed of the right 4.8 cm nodule and had a benign, Bethesda II, cytology. The patient notes pain when turning her head from the left to the right and has been, thus far, referred for surgical evaluation. Thyroid ectopia is a rare finding that, more commonly, exists in patients with underlying thyroid conditions. Once suspected, thorough evaluation, including a high-quality neck ultrasound in addition to cross-sectional images of the area from the mouth to the aortic arch, is indicated. If the nuclear scan confirms normal functional thyroid tissue, observation is indicated for future growth or nodule formation. If a nodule is found in the ectopic tissue or if a radioactive iodine uptake scan is not performed, then a fine needle aspiration should be considered so as to rule out the possibility of thyroid cancer or metastases. Surgery is not always necessary unless there is uncertainty of the diagnosis or if the patient is symptomatic. Rarely, thyroid ectopia can be found in unusual sites including within the strap muscle as illustrated in this case. Although mentioned in surgical textbooks, thyroid tissue within the strap muscles has not been reported in the recent literature; this finding is important for practicing endocrinologists to consider.

Thyroid ectopia is a rare finding below the diaphragm. It is characterized by normal thyroid parenchyma in unusual locations with preserved thyroid marker immunoreactivity. In this article, we present the first known case of thyroid tissue in the periappendiceal fat and discuss possible ethiopathogenic theories.

Ectopic thyroid tissue can deposit anywhere in the body. There are several cases reporting papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) arising from ectopic tissues; however, these cases largely presented with primary PTC within the native thyroid gland as well. Alternatively, some cases report of PTC found solely in an ectopic thyroglossal duct cyst, but reports of isolated malignancy in other types of ectopic thyroid tissue with normal native tissue are sparse throughout the literature. Here, we present an unusual case of PTC in the midline anterior neck that does not appear to be consistent with a thyroglossal duct cyst, accompanied by a completely benign native thyroid gland, of which only few cases have been reported.

Ectopic thyroid is a rare developmental anomaly with lingual thyroid accounting for majority of the cases. The presence of ectopic thyroid tissue lateral to the midline is very rare, and very few cases located in the submandibular region have been reported. The simultaneous finding of submandibular ectopic thyroid tissue and a functional orthotopic thyroid gland is even rarer. In the differential diagnosis of an ectopic submandibular thyroid, it is fundamental to exclude a metastasis from well-differentiated thyroid cancer, even when primary thyroid carcinoma is not demonstrable.

Ectopic thyroid tissue in the adrenal gland (ETTAG) usually presents as a well-circumscribed cystic mass on a CT scan. However, the MRI features of ETTAG are incompletely understood. We report a case of ectopic thyroid tissue in the adrenal gland, which demonstrates findings similar to those of a pheochromocytoma on the MRI.

An ectopic thyroid gland results from the abnormal migration of the thyroid in the course of its development. Primary ectopic mediastinal thyroid is very rare and occurs in less than 1% of all goiters that can be surgically excised. Ectopic thyroid tissue has a characteristic sonographic appearance as smooth-bordered, homogeneous, hypoechoic tissue with fine specular echoes. We report 3 cases of mediastinal ectopic thyroid diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbrochial needle aspiration biopsy.

Double ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare phenomenon. We report a case of a 75-year-old man who was referred with two painless swellings in the anterior midline of neck with a tracheostomy tube in situ with the suspicion of malignancy. Such patients should be investigated completely prior to definitive treatment.

Medullary thyroid cancer is an aggressive form of thyroid cancer arising from parafollicular C cells. Calcitonin (CT) is a specific and sensitive biochemical marker which typically aids primary diagnosis and disease surveillance following treatment. There are rare cases of calcitonin negative medullary thyroid cancer (CNMTC) documented in the literature; however, to our knowledge, this case is the first report of CNMTC arising in ectopic thyroid tissue. We report a case of a 45-year-old man who attended his primary care physician with painless anterior neck swelling. In the absence of CT secreting disease, we have demonstrated the investigative process and the importance of immunohistochemical analysis to achieve a diagnosis. We also consider the challenges of monitoring disease recurrence in the absence of reliable biochemical markers.

Ectopic thyroid is a rare developmental abnormality resulting from defects at early stages of thyroid gland embryogenesis in which thyroid tissue is located elsewhere than the normal pre tracheal region. Ectopic thyroid tissues most commonly are located in the midline in the cervical area. The presence of ectopic thyroid tissue in the lateral neck region is very rare. The simultaneous appearance of the orthotopic thyroid gland with lateral ectopic thyroid is extremely rare. We report a rare case of ectopic thyroid in the lateral cervical area in a patient with a normally located multinodular goiter. Although lateral ectopic thyroid tissue is rarely seen, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lateral neck swellings.

BACKGROUND Ectopic thyroid is a condition in which the thyroid tissue is present in locations other than the normal anterior neck region between the second and fourth tracheal cartilages. Its prevalence is 1 per 1,00,000-3,00,000 people. About 500 cases have been reported in the English literature mainly from Europe, Asia and America with a small number of reports coming from Africa. Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare entity resulting from developmental defects in the migration of thyroid primordium from the foramen cecum at the base of the tongue to the infrahyoid portion of the neck between second and fourth tracheal cartilages. Ectopic thyroid tissue can occur anywhere along the course of the thyroglossal tract. Lingual thyroid is the most common type of ectopic thyroid accounting for 90% of cases. The most important differential diagnosis for ectopic thyroid is adenomas, metastatic thyroid tissue and hypertrophied lingual tonsil.

Ectopic thyroid tissue (ETT) lateral to the midline is rare. Its occurrence in the carotid bifurcation is exceptional. We present a 45 years woman who consulted with a slow growing right cervical swelling. Clinical examination Ultrasonography, contrast enhanced CT and cervical MRI concluded to a paraganglioma. Intra-operatively, the tumor didn't have the characteristic aspect of a paraganglioma. Complete excision was performed. Histology concluded to an ectopic micro-vesicular thyroid adenoma.Previous literature was reviewed to summarize clinical and radiologic characteristics of such rare entity. Despite its rarity, ETT must be included in the differential diagnosis of cervical paraganglioma.Keywords: Ectopic thyroid, MRI, paraganglioma, surgery

Ectopic thyroid gland is a rare condition usually presenting with neck swelling or hypothyroidism. In most cases, ectopic thyroid tissue is the only functioning thyroid tissue, but it may rarely be associated with normal thyroid gland. Thyroiditis in an ectopic thyroid gland is very rare. Here, we describe a 13-year-old girl who was initially suspected, as a having a thyroglossal cyst. Thyroid functions were suggestive of thyrotoxicosis. She was diagnosed to have simultaneous occurrence of thyroiditis in the ectopic and eutopic thyroid glands. This case was exceedingly rare since this patient presented with thyrotoxicosis unlike previous reported cases who were either euthyroid or hypothyroid.