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Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare and severe infectious complication characterized by the presence of gas in the renal parenchyma, excretory cavities and surrounded tissues. It is due to the development of non-anaerobic gasifier bacteria. We report a new rare case of emphysematous pyelonephritis in a kidney transplant recipient, particular by its occurrence in a non-functional graft and its exceptional association with emphysematous cystitis.

Unexplained deep vein thrombosis may justify screening for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis as it can be an unusual presentation of this disease.

Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits is a new disorder with undefined treatment modalities. We propose cyclophosphamide‐bortezomib‐dexamethasone and autologous stem cell transplantation as a therapeutic protocol.

Background and Aims Anti-Glomerular basement membrane disease « anti-GBM » is a rare autoimmune disease. It most often results in a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis syndrome associated with intra-alveolar hemorrhage. The diagnostic confirmation is histological, by the demonstration of linear deposits of immunoglobulins (IgG) along the glomerular basement membrane. The aim of our study was to describe its epidemiological, clinical, biological, immunological, histological, and evolutionary characteristics and to identify the different prognostic factors for predicting patient survival and renal survival. Method It was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study including patients over 16 years old with anti-GBM disease proved by kidney biopsy and followed up over a period of 32 years (January 1985 to July 2017), in Internal Medicine Department of Charles Nicolle Hospital of Tunis. Results We collected 32 patients with a sex ratio H/F = 1.13. The mean age at diagnosis was 42 years old with extremes of 18 to 81 years old. The most frequent extra-renal manifestations were pulmonary (53%), neurological (12.5%) and ocular (6%) manifestations. Hematuria associated with proteinuria was constantly found. The latter was nephritic in 31% of patients. All patients had renal insufficiency on admission, oligo-anuric in 60% of cases. The use of extra-renal treatment at admission was necessary in 75% of patients. On the immunological level, the search for anti-MBG antibodies, performed in 20 patients, was positive in 65% of cases. All our patients had undergone a renal biopsy puncture with direct immunofluorescence study. Diffuse extra-capillary glomerulonephritis was observed in 93% of patients. Corticotherapy was initiated in 27 cases, associated with plasma exchange in 21 cases and cyclophosphamide in 17 cases. Nine of our patients died in the first year. Renal outcome was marked by partial remission in 2 cases and end-stage renal failure in 19 cases. In univariate analysis, an age greater than 60 years and the occurrence of respiratory distress were predictors of death. Oligo-anuria and need dialysis on admission were predictive factors for progression to end-stage renal failure. Conclusion Anti-GBM disease is a serious illness. Current therapeutic modalities have significantly improved patient survival. These must be intensive and rapid in order to hope for a favorable renal evolution whose prognosis remains reserved.

Light-chain deposition disease (LCDD) reoccurs almost invariably after renal transplantation, leading to early graft loss. We report a case of LCDD with monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance diagnosed in the post-transplant period in a 28-year-old male and we discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in the clinical course.