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Background: The presence of a vascular, blue linear discoloration on the nasal root of infants and young children is a frequent incidental feature, rarely reported in the medical literature. It is related to the trajectory of the transverse nasal root vein (TNRV). Objective: To study the frequency and clinical characteristics of the vascular discoloration of the nasal root in children. Methods: A prospective study was performed to address the presence or absence of vascular discoloration of the nasal root in all children under 6 years of age attending a pediatric dermatology clinic from November 2022 to November 2023. Data on age and skin phototype (Fitzpatrick classification I–VI) were also collected. Results: Of 701 patients examined, 345 (49.2%) presented with a vascular discoloration of the nasal root. This was present in 97 of 193 (50.3%), 127 of 261 (48.7%), and 121 of 247 (49.0%) patients for the age groups 0–1, 1–3, and 3–6 years, respectively. The presence of vascular discoloration of the nasal root was more frequent in patients with lighter Fitzpatrick skin phototypes: 49 of 69 (71.0%) phototype II, 157 of 290 (54.1%) phototype III, and 137 of 337 (40.7%) phototype IV. Conclusions: A vascular discoloration of the nasal root is a frequent skin feature in infants and children, persisting at least until the age of 6. It does not constitute any medical problem aside from cosmetic concern and parents can be reassured of its benign nature. We propose the medical term "prominent TNRV" to describe this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID‐19 pandemic has brought innumerable reports of chilblains. The relation between pernio‐like acral eruptions and COVID‐19 has not been fully elucidated because most reported cases have occurred in patients with negative microbiological tests for SARS‐CoV‐2. Methods: A retrospective study of 49 cases of chilblains seen during the first year of the pandemic in a children's hospital in Madrid, Spain. The incidence of these skin lesions was correlated with the number of COVID‐19 admissions and environmental temperatures. Patients were separated into two groups depending on the day of onset (strict lockdown period vs. outside the lockdown period). Results: Most chilblains cases presented during the first and third waves of the pandemic, paralleling the number of COVID‐19 admissions. The first wave coincided with a strict lockdown, and the third wave coincided with the lowest ambient seasonal temperatures of the year. Systemic symptoms preceding chilblains were more frequent in the first wave (45.8% vs. 8.0%, p =.002), as was the co‐occurrence with erythema multiforme‐like lesions (16.7% vs. 0%, p =.033). Laboratory test and skin biopsies were performed more frequently in the first wave (75.0% vs. 12.0%, p <.001; and 25.0% vs. 0%, p =.007; respectively). Five patients developed recurrent cutaneous symptoms. Conclusions: An increased incidence of chilblains coincided not only with the two major waves of the pandemic, but also with the strict lockdown period in the first wave and low seasonal temperatures during the third wave. Both increased sedentary behaviors and cold environmental temperatures may have played an additive role in the development of COVID‐19‐related chilblains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cutaneous manifestations in hospitalized children with SARS-CoV-2 have not been studied systematically.Objective: To describe the mucocutaneous involvement in pediatric patients with COVID-19 admitted to a pediatric institution in Madrid (Spain), located in a zone reporting among the highest prevalence of COVID-19 in Europe.Methods: A descriptive, analytical study was conducted on a series of 50 children hospitalized with COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and November 30, 2020.Results: Twenty-one patients presented with mucocutaneous symptoms: 18 patients with macular and/or papular exanthem, 17 with conjunctival hyperemia, and 9 with red cracked lips or strawberry tongue. Eighteen patients fulfilled criteria for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Patients with mucocutaneous involvement tended to be older and presented to the emergency department with poor general status and extreme tachycardia, higher C-reactive protein and D-dimer levels, and lower lymphocyte counts than patients without skin signs. Mucocutaneous manifestations pose a higher risk of admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (odds ratio, 10.24; 95% confidence interval, 2.23-46.88; P = .003).Conclusions: Children hospitalized with COVID-19 frequently had mucocutaneous involvement, with most symptoms fulfilling criteria for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Patients with an exanthem or conjunctival hyperemia at admission have a higher probability of pediatric intensive care admission than patients without mucocutaneous symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease during infancy, which imposes a considerable burden on patients, their families, and the society, requiring effective treatment options that result in rapid and sustained symptom relief. Additionally, early treatment may prevent the development of atopic comorbidities by restoring the skin barrier. Currently, topical standard‐of‐care for AD in infants includes emollients and topical corticosteroids (TCS) to treat and reduce the risk of flares. However, only few have been approved for infants and long‐term maintenance therapy with TCS is not indicated due to potential local and systemic side effects, including skin atrophy. Accordingly, the recently updated European guidelines for treatment of AD recommend topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) for long‐term use, treatment of sensitive skin areas, and for use in the pediatric population. Evidence on the use of TCIs for infants has almost been exclusively collected for pimecrolimus, with >4000 infants evaluated in clinical trials, consistently confirming that pimecrolimus is a safe and effective treatment for infants with AD. Nevertheless, its use is still restricted in most countries to children above the age of 2 years due to initial and mostly theoretical safety concerns. Based on a careful review of the available evidence of clinical trials, post‐marketing surveillance, and epidemiological studies, an Expert Panel of European dermatologists and pediatric allergologists concluded that these safety concerns are no longer valid. Therefore, pimecrolimus offers a safe and effective alternative to TCS in infants aged 3 months and above, and labeling restrictions in this age group are no longer justified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin lesions in children with proven COVID‐19 are not frequent in the literature apart from those associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Fortunately, microbiologic testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 has become widely available not only for admitted patients but also for mild cases. We present a series of 6 children with mild erythema and desquamation of the fingertips and/or toes as the only skin manifestation of COVID‐19. As all children had asymptomatic to mildly symptomatic disease, it is reasonable to consider this a sign of benign disease and favorable outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A previously healthy breastfed 7‐month‐old infant presented with several papulovesicular lesions, a hyperemic pharynx and a petechial enanthema. His mother had confirmed monkeypox infection with similar skin lesions on the chest wall. Skin‐to‐skin contact is the most likely mode of transmission of monkeypox. Precautions to limit skin contact during activities such as breastfeeding are recommended if suspected skin lesions are present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livedo reticularis‐like eruptions have been described in different viral infections. In patients with COVID‐19, livedo reticularis‐like rashes are usually mild, typically present in a symmetric distribution and mostly involve the lower limbs. A case of livedo reticularis located exclusively on the breasts of a girl with mild systemic symptoms of COVID‐19 is presented. Coagulation studies were normal and findings disappeared within 1 week. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specific gene mutations leading to dysregulation of innate immune response produce the expanding spectrum of monogenic autoinflammatory diseases ( AIDs). They are characterized by seemingly unprovoked, recurrent episodes of systemic inflammation in which a myriad of manifestations usually affect skin. Novel genetic technologies have led to the discovery of new AIDs and phenotypes that were not previously clinically described. Consequently the number of AIDs is continuously growing and their recognition and the disclosure of their pathophysiology will prompt early diagnosis and targeted treatment of affected patients. The objective of the present work is to review those newly described AIDs with prominent dermatologic manifestations that may constitute a major criterion for their diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superimposed linear atopic dermatitis is rarely manifested in polygenic disease as a counterpart to type 2 segmental mosaicism of monogenic skin diseases. Linear arrangement following Blaschko lines represents more severe disease on a generalized background of atopic dermatitis, perhaps reflecting clonal loss of heterozygosity. Only three cases of superimposed linear atopic dermatitis have been reported; we describe three additional cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report two newborns with a widespread cutaneous eruption consisting of discrete papules which evolved into vesicles, pustules, crusts, and ulcers. These healed over a 2-week period with scarring. Histopathology showed three main features—histiocytic granulomas, neutrophilic infiltration, and transepidermal elimination of degenerated collagen and debris through hair follicles. Both patients had congenital immunodeficiency. This skin condition of the newborn, with distinct clinical and histopathologic features, is a manifestation of immunodeficiency that has not been previously described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyoderma gangrenosum is rare in children and very rare in infants less than 1 year of age. We report Pyoderma gangrenosum in a 6-month-old girl without any associated disorders, which was well controlled with oral prednisone. This entity in infants usually presents with multiple lesions, mainly located on the face, buttocks, thighs, and extremities, which in some instances are associated with pathergy. Pyoderma gangrenosum in infants has a good response to therapy, and healing is usually achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the clinical case of a 2-month-old boy with Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome. The child is the first son of nonconsanguineous parents. After the first shedding of scalp hairs, no new hairs appeared except for a few, scattered, twisted black hairs. A small epidermal cyst in the upper dermis with clustered nests of basaloid cells surrounded by a loose peritumoral stroma was also noted.

Mastocytosis is a relatively common disorder characterized by mast cell collections in the skin and other organ systems. Affected children are more likely than adults to have limited cutaneous disease. We report two patients with localized vulvar mastocytosis in the absence of other cutaneous findings and review previous reports of vulvar involvement in cutaneous mastocytosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 2-year-old boy had hundreds of discrete, small, flat yellow to brown colored papules distributed over the face, neck, and trunk. Biopsy revealed a well-demarcated infiltrate within the papillary dermis composed of histiocytes and some Touton giant cells and eosinophils. The cells were negative for protein S-100 and CD1a but positive for CD68 staining. No systemic lesions of juvenile xanthogranuloma were identified. Lichenoid juvenile xanthogranuloma is a very infrequent variant of juvenile xanthogranuloma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on two cases of segmental cutaneous infantile hemangioma associated with mediastinal hemangioma and paravertebral extension. Mediastinal involvement is rare in hemangioma and paravertebral and intraspinal extension of hemangioma have seldom reported and may have been overlooked in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dr Antonio Torrelo, President of the 12th World Congress of Pediatric Dermatology, introduces the supplement as providing an opportunity for readers to access the lectures and related presentations delivered at the World Congress of Pediatric Dermatology held September 25-27, 2013, in Madrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desmoplastic trichoepitheliomas are rare benign tumors with follicular differentiation. They have rarely been described in children. We report two children with this uncommon condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neonatal lupus erythematosus is an uncommon transplacentally acquired autoimmune disorder. We report a 7-month-old boy with cutaneous involvement of neonatal lupus erythematosus mimicking an extensive capillary malformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 3-month-old boy with congenital and extensive skin comedones without any other extracutaneous manifestations is reported. This patient does not fit with other reported disorders of congenital or childhood extensive comedones, such as nevus comedonicus, familial dyskeratotic comedones, idiopathic disseminated comedones, childhood flexural comedones, and acne neonatorum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "Febrile Idiopathic Lobar Panniculitis of Childhood," by Antonio Torrelo and colleagues is presented.