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Copyright of Acibadem Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Acibadem University Medical School and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: In our study, we aimed to test the preventability of radial nerve injury in the ultrasound-guided lateral cross pinning technique. Methods: The study included 30 patients who were admitted to our clinic between September 2019 and September 2020 due to supracondylar humerus fractures and underwent closed reduction with the lateral cross pinning technique under ultrasonography. Demographic and clinical data of the patients were retrieved from the patient files and recorded. Results: Fifteen (50%) of the 30 patients included in the study were girls. The patients' mean age was 59.2±33.9 months. While 3.3% of the patients had flexion-type injuries, 30.0% had Gartland Type 2, 40.0% had Type 3, and 26.7% had Type 4 injuries. Eighteen patients (60%) had fractures in their left extremities. Type 4 fractures exhibited the biggest difference among all fracture types in comparison of the arm diameters of the fractured and contralateral sides (17.1%±5.5%; p=0.013). In the comparison of the proximal K-wire and the radial nerve (PWRN) to the lateral condyle and the radial nerve (LCRN) distance ratio, the difference was the highest in Type 2 fractures (23.3%±8.0%; p=0.027). None of the patients encountered postoperative iatrogenic radial nerve injury. Conclusion: In pediatric patients with supracondylar humerus fractures, the swelling of the extremity increases with the severity of the fracture. The ultrasound-guided lateral cross pinning technique is a reliable method in terms of ease of application and the determination of the nerve line to create a safe zone, especially in elbow injuries with excessive swelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Osmangazi Journal of Medicine / Osmangazi Tip Dergisi is the property of Eskisehir Osmangazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has taken its place as the first choice in the treatment of PDA thanks to the development of new devices and techniques. In this study, we present our cases with PDA closed with Amplatzer duct occluder I (ADO I), Amplatzer duct occluder II (ADO II) and discuss the efficacy and safety of transcatheter PDA closure with these devices in children. Method: Between January 2010 and January 2023, a total of 373 patients underwent PDA closures using ADO I (n=40), and ADO II (n=333) devices in the Pediatric Cardiology Clinic of our hospital and PDA closure was successfully performed in 370 patients. These cases were analysed retrospectively. Results: The mean age of our patients was 3 (0.2-17) years. The mean narrowest diameter of the PDA was 2.48±0.80 mm. Median procedure and fluoroscopy times were 55, and 11 minutes, respectively. The procedure was successful in 99.1% of the cases. PDA was successfully treated in 387 patients using ADO I (n=39), ADO II (n=331) devices. Minimal residual shunt was detected as a minor complication only in 7 patients in the acute phase. In 4 of these 7 patients, residual shunt disappeared completely in the follow-up period, but it persisted in 3 patients. Major complications in our study were device embolisation in 2 patients who underwent ADO I and infective endocarditis that developed in 1 patient 2 weeks after the procedure. In our patient with device embolisation, the device was tried to be removed with the help of a snare, but it failed, so it was surgically removed and the PDA was closed surgically. In our case with infective endocarditis, the device was surgically removed and the PDA was surgically closed. In one patient, the mean pulmonary artery pressure measured during the procedure was found to be high with 29 mmHg, but the procedure was continued because the pulmonary vasoreactivity test was positive. In the procedure performed with ADO I device, the PDA was closed by opening the first disc without releasing the device, but the procedure was not continued because the patient developed desaturation. Conclusion: Transcatheter PDA closure can now be successfully performed in many centres. In this study, we evaluated the cases of PDA closure performed with ADO I and ADO II devices, in the last 13 years. As a result of our study, in accordance with the literature data, we have shown that transcatheter PDA closure using ADO I, ADO II devices is an effective and safe method with low complication rates in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ümraniye Pediatri Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Varicella is a highly contagious illness with potentially severe complications, especially in young children. In Turkey, the varicella vaccine was integrated into the Universal Varicella Vaccination program in 2013, targeting 12-month-old infants. While officially reported varicella cases have decreased considerably in the past two decades, underreporting remains a challenge. This study aimed to investigate varicella seropositivity in a tertiary center. Material and Methods: A qualitative immunoassay, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was employed to detect anti-varicella antibodies. Serum samples were collected from individuals aged 4 to 18 residing in Turkey. Information on vaccination records, varicella history, and disease notification was also collected. Results: The varicella IgG antibody records were accessed for a total of 90 children. The overall prevalence of positive varicella antibodies was 58.0% (n=47) in the study population. Seropositivity rates were 67.2% for the 4-6 age group and 30% for the 7-12 age group. Notably, the 4-6 age group showed a significant association between seropositivity and age [p=0.005; OR=4.85; 95%CI (1.614-14.569)]. Conclusion: The seropositivity rate of 58% for chickenpox is concerning. In light of this, conducting more extensive studies will provide valuable guidance. It may be worth considering the administration of an additional dose of the varicella vaccine within the age range of 4-6 years. Further research is necessary to assess the potential benefits and feasibility of implementing such a vaccination strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Osmangazi Journal of Medicine / Osmangazi Tip Dergisi is the property of Eskisehir Osmangazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study investigates electrocardiographic (ECG) findings in pediatric patients diagnosed with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, offering valuable insights into the diagnostic process. Method: Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of 71 MIS-C cases and 27 Kawasaki disease cases between January 2019 and December 2021 were retrospectively collected from hospital records, following ethics committee approval. MIS-C diagnosis adhered to World Health Organization criteria, and Kawasaki disease diagnosis followed American Heart Association guidelines. Results: Seventy one MIS-C cases and 27 Kawasaki disease cases were included. MIS-C patients exhibited a significantly shorter duration of fever, higher C-reactive protein levels, and elevated serum cardiac troponin T troponin values compared to Kawasaki disease cases. Transthoracic echocardiographic evaluation revealed specific cardiac abnormalities in MIS-C patients, including mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation. ST segment changes, T-wave negativity, and QRS changes were observed significantly in MIS-C patients. Conclusion: Results provide crucial information about the ECG profile of MIS-C cases. Particularly, indicators such as ST segment changes and T-wave negativity play a critical role in distinguishing MIS-C from other similar conditions and understanding its cardiac effects. These data offer valuable clinical markers that can be utilized in the diagnosis and treatment of MIS-C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anak penderita hidrosefalus dengan penurunan kesadaran rentan mengalami gangguan integritas kulit, seperti luka tekan akibat tirah baring lama, imobilisasi dan terpasang alat medis. Studi kasus ini bertujuan mengevaluasi intervensi pencegahan luka tekan pada pasien hidrosefalus di ruang Pediatric Intensive Care Unit RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar. Metode yang digunakan adalah single case design dengan instrumen pedoman pencegahan luka tekan dari National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel pada subjek studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan intervensi serta dokumentasi mulai 19-22 Juni 2023. Hasil studi kasus menunjukkan skala Braden Q berada pada skor 15 di hari pertama dan kedua serta skor 14 di hari ketiga dan keempat (risiko luka tekan sedang). Intervensi pemeriksaan kulit didapatkan terjadi perubahan suhu menjadi normal, tidak ada ruam kulit, tidak ada indurasi, tidak edema dan tidak nyeri akibat tekanan serta tidak ada luka akibat peralatan medis. Selain itu, tidak ada luka pada area tonjolan tulang setelah pemberian posisi miring kanan dan kiri serta pemberian bantalan sebagai penyangga dapat mencegah risiko luka tekan. Penilaian dan standar dari manajemen nutrisi adalah tidak terjadi penurunan berat badan dan tidak ada tanda-tanda dehidrasi. Dapat disimpulkan skor skala Braden Q berada pada risiko sedang sehingga diberikan intervensi sesuai pedoman.

Purpose: Aortic root and ascending aortic aneurysms are rarely encountered in pediatric patients. Our aim in this study was to compare our surgical approach and results in this patient group with similar studies in the literature. Materials and Methods: This study retrospective in design and its cohort consists of pediatric patients who were operated on due to the diagnosis of aortic root and/or ascending aortic aneurysm. The etiologies of the patients that caused the aneurysm were investigated preoperatively, and the severity of the disease in the aortic valve and ascending aorta and surgical indications were revealed with detailed imaging methods. Operative data was then retrieved and early postoperative morbidity and mortality, as well as post-discharge aortic valve functions were evaluated. The obtained data was compared with those of similar articles in the literature. Results: A total of eight pediatric patients were operated on with the diagnosis of aortic root and ascending aortic aneurysm. The average age of the patients was eleven (±4.03) years. The underlying cause of three (37.5%) patients was Marfan syndrome, two (25%) had bicuspid aortic valve and one (12.5%) had Wiscott-Aldrich Syndrome, previously operated sinus valsalva aneurysm and operated truncus arteriosus. There was 3rd degree aortic valve insufficiency in six patients (75%). The average aortic annulus diameter, mean sinus of valsalva diameter and ascending aorta diameter of the patients were 26.7 mm (±5.3), 40.9 mm (±9.7) and 37.8 mm (±9.2), respectively. The David I procedure was performed in three (37.5%) patients, while the Bentall procedure or aortic valve and ascending aorta replacement was performed on the other five patients. Non-cardiac mortality was observed in one (12.5%) patient, whereas native and mechanical valve dysfunction was not observed in any patient after discharge. Conclusion: Both valve-sparing surgical procedures and other replacement techniques can be used safely in pediatric patients with aortic root and ascending aortic aneurysms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Headache in pediatric age group is one of the common causes of admission to both general pediatrics and pediatric neurology outpatient clinics. The aim in this study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings of our cases diagnosed with migraine. Material and methods: Between 2013 and 2016, patients who applied to the Pediatric Neurology Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Sami Ulus Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital and were diagnosed with migraine were included. Statistical comparison was made between subgroups, which were migraine with aura and migraine without aura. Results: In present study, 11.6% of the patients who applied with the complaint of headache consisted of patients diagnosed with migraine. It was determined that 18.8% (n:27) of migraine patients were under the age of 10, and 81.3% (n:117) were over the age of 10. Forty-four (48.4%) female patients and 13 (24.5%) male patients had migraine with aura, and there was a statistically significant difference in terms of gender (p=0.008). Also there was a statistically significant difference between the mean age and gender of migraine patients with aura and migraine without aura (p=0.017). Conclusion: Since migraine is a chronic disease which is observed more frequently than estimated during childhood. We shared the results of the findings that may make us think of the diagnosis of migraine at the first admission, and may also guide us for migraine with aura in a patient followed up with a diagnosis of migraine.

Objective: Differentiated thyroid cancer accounts for 1.5% of all pediatric malignancies. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common subtype and is associated with more advanced disease at diagnosis compared to adults. This study aimed to identify long-term outcomes of pediatric PTC. Material and Method: Records of 30 patients with PTC diagnosed in childhood and adolescence and followed up at the Istanbul Faculty of Medicine were reviewed retrospectively. Result: The mean age of 30 patients (21 females, 9 males) at diagnosis was 14.7±2.3 years. The mean duration of follow-up was 10.6±3.8 years. The patients underwent total thyroidectomy (n=9), total thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection (n=9), or total thyroidectomy with central and lateral lymph node dissection (n=12). The mean tumor diameter was 1.6±1.5 cm and was microcarcinoma in 12 of the patients. There were five patients with T2 and two patients with T3 disease. At diagnosis, half of the patients had lymph node metastasis to the neck or upper mediastinum (N1a=5, N1b=10), and two also had lung metastasis. Post-operative radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment was administered to 22 patients, the median cumulative dose was 150 mCi (range 50 to 1100)]. Sixteen patients had excellent responses following single (n=13) or multiple (2 for persistent and 1 for recurring disease after 8.3 years) RAI administrations. The remaining three patients had structural incomplete and three had indeterminate responses. Conclusion: Although PTC presented at a more advanced stage in childhood and adolescence, the response to treatment was fairly good with appropriate management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Separation from parents, a bad anaesthesia history, the operating room and all invasive procedures may cause psychological trauma in pediatric patients. Given these negative effects, it is seen that psychological evaluation and support in the preoperative period are as important as pharmacological and physiological evaluation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability short form of the The modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) in Turkish children aged 0-2. Methods: After obtaining the ethical approval of Mersin University Clinical Research Ethics Committee, 264 pediatric patients aged 0-2 were included. Median age was 13.5 months (range 0.6-24 months). We used mYPAS for 200 patients and Comfort Behavior Scale for 64 patients. Evaluations were made twice by three different observers, in the playroom and in the operation room. Observers were pediatric anesthetist and 5th year residents of the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation. Results: The ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient) value calculated to evaluate the agreement between the three observers was 0.9857 (95% CI 0.9748-0.9865) for the measurements made in the children’s playroom, and for the measurements made in the operation room was 0.9902 (95% CI 0.9894-0.9912). It was determined that those who were not sedated in the age group ≥ 1 years old had higher anxiety symptoms than those in the age group < 1 years old (p<0.05). Conclusion: It has been determined that the Turkish version of mYPAS can be used with high validity and reliability to evaluate preoperative anxiety levels in Turkish children aged 0-2 years. Preoperative anxiety levels may increase depending on many factors. In our study, we focused on the family factor, and it was shown that the effects of mother education, socioeconomic level, and nuclear family type on the preoperative anxiety of children were important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acibadem Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Acibadem University Medical School and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Current Retina Journal / Güncel Retina Dergisi is the property of Anadolu Kitabevi Basim Yayim Medikal Turizm Kirtasiye Tic. Ltd. Sti. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Perioperative paediatric major urology surgery pain management remains challenging. These surgeries require general anaesthesia (GA) combined with either regional analgesia technique or systemic morphine infusion for optimal pain relief. We aimed to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of both analgesic techniques. This single centre retrospective descriptive study involved 88 patients, aged 3 months to 12 years old with American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) I or II status, who underwent major urology surgery under GA. Group A patients received perioperative systemic morphine while Group B received regional anaesthesia blocks (continuous caudal epidural infusion, single-shot caudal blocks or singleshot erector spinae blocks). We measured requirements of perioperative rescue intravenous (IV) fentanyl, pain scores using Face, Leg, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale, perioperative non-opioid IV analgesia usage and associated complications. Intraoperative rescue fentanyl in both groups was comparable. Intraoperative non-opioid analgesia and postoperative rescue fentanyl requirement were significantly higher in Group A compared to Group B (p<0.001). Median FLACC scores in Group A were higher than Group B (p<0.001) for first 12 hours post-surgery. Commonest complications in Group A was vomiting (38.6%) and peri-catheter leak in Group B (6.81%). Regional anaesthesia technique is superior to systemic morphine in providing analgesia in the first 12 hours post paediatric major urology surgery and is devoid of opioid side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Posterior fossa epidural hematoma (PFEDH) in the pediatric age group is a very rare condition and the treatment method is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the observation results in the management of pediatric patients with PFEDH in our tertiary care hospital and to investigate the importance of the relationship of the hematoma with the cerebral venous sinuses, which has not been investigated before in the literature, in the treatment decision. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine. All patients (≤ 17 years) diagnosed with PFEDH between January 2010 and May 2022 were included in this study. Demographic data, clinical signs, trauma type and symptoms at presentation, CT findings, type of treatment, and outcomes were collected. CT findings including hematoma thickness, hydrocephalus, presence of fourth ventricular compression, relation with cerebral venous sinuses and other associated brain injuries were evaluated. Results: The patient group consists of two girl and six boy. The most common cause of PFEDH was a fall from a height resulting in a blow to the back of the head in four patients. Vomiting was the most frequent presenting symptom. Four patients had a relation between cerebral venous sinuses and hematoma, and two of these patients underwent surgical treatment Conclusion: In addition to criteria such as hematoma thickness, GCS, hydrocephalus, and compression of the fourth ventricle, we determined that the relationship of hematoma with venous sinuses is a criterion to be evaluated.

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: In our study, we evaluated the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with pediatric Behçet's disease (BD) and our treatment approaches in these patients. In addition, we aimed to determine the predictive factors in patients who need additional immunosuppressive therapy in addition to colchicine and short-term corticosteroid therapy in the treatment of BD. Materials and Methods: Pediatric patients followed up with BD between 2004- 2022 were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: those receiving colchicine and/or short-term corticosteroids (group A) and those needing additional immunosuppressive treatments (group B). Results: Of a total of 103 patients, 57 (55.3%) were being followed up with a diagnosis of BD, and 46 (44.7%) with a diagnosis of incomplete BD. The most preferred drug in the treatment was colchicine (92.2%). Corticosteroids (55.3%) were often preferred with additional immunosuppressive agents in patients with major organ involvement. Biologic agents were used in 15 (14.6%) patients who were resistant to other immunosuppressive treatments. There were 56 patients in group A and 47 patients in group B. Ocular involvement and venous thrombosis were more common in group B. In addition, acute phase reactants and BHAAF scores at the diagnosis were higher in group B than in group A patients. As a result of multivariate analysis, ocular involvement [odds ratio (OR) 4,045, 95% CI 6,205-525,470; p=0.001], venous thrombosis (OR 2,497, 95% CI 3.048-48.358; p=0.001) and elevated acute phase reactants (OR 1.312, 95% CI 0.086-0.842; p=0.024) were identified as independent factors predicting the need for additional immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusion: Correct management of pediatric BD cases is very important in order to prevent complications that may develop. Our results showed that patients with ocular or vascular involvement, high acute phase reactants, and BHAAF scores may need additional immunosuppressive therapy at admission. Determining the factors that predict the need for treatment is important in making the appropriate treatment and follow-up plan for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Osmangazi Journal of Medicine / Osmangazi Tip Dergisi is the property of Eskisehir Osmangazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Osmangazi Journal of Medicine / Osmangazi Tip Dergisi is the property of Eskisehir Osmangazi University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to Srws investigate possible risk factors and prognosis of epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy (CP) with a special emphasis on drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Material and Methods: A total of 145 pediatric patients who were followed up with a diagnosis of CP between 2019 and 2022 were evaluated. Demographic features, prenatal/perinatal history, etiology and type of CP, degree of impairment in motor and cognitive functions, seizure type, neuroimaging, and electroencephalography (EEG) findings were obtained retrospectively from hospital records. The patients were divided into two groups: CP patients with epilepsy and patients without epilepsy. Study variables were compared between these two groups and also between DRE and controlled epilepsy groups. Results: There were 91 (63%) boys and 54 (37%) girls with a mean age of 11.1±4.2 years (3-18 years). Epilepsy was present in 107 (73.7%) cases and 40.1% of them had refractory epilepsy. Epilepsy was most common in the tetraplegic form of CP (p=0.028). Term gestation, birth weight of ≥2500 g, and history of neonatal seizures were significantly higher in patients with epilepsy (p=0.030, 0.010, and 0.030, respectively). Children with DRE were more likely to have tetraplegic CP (50%) and severe intellectual disability (56%). Conclusion: Determination of potential risk factors is important in predicting the development of epilepsy in patients with CP, as it may provide closer follow-up of patients at high risk. Particular attention should be paid to the early identification and treatment of comorbid epilepsy in children with CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Meandros Medical & Dental Journal is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: Posterior fossa epidural hematoma (PFEDH) in the pediatric age group is a very rare condition and the treatment method is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the observation results in the management of pediatric patients with PFEDH in our tertiary care hospital and to investigate the importance of the relationship of the hematoma with the cerebral venous sinuses, which has not been investigated before in the literature, in the treatment decision. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine. All patients (≤ 17 years) diagnosed with PFEDH between January 2010 and May 2022 were included in this study. Demographic data, clinical signs, trauma type and symptoms at presentation, CT findings, type of treatment, and outcomes were collected. CT findings including hematoma thickness, hydrocephalus, presence of fourth ventricular compression, relation with cerebral venous sinuses and other associated brain injuries were evaluated. Results: The patient group consists of two girl and six boy. The most common cause of PFEDH was a fall from a height resulting in a blow to the back of the head in four patients. Vomiting was the most frequent presenting symptom. Four patients had a relation between cerebral venous sinuses and hematoma, and two of these patients underwent surgical treatment. Conclusion: In addition to criteria such as hematoma thickness, GCS, hydrocephalus, and compression of the fourth ventricle, we determined that the relationship of hematoma with venous sinuses is a criterion to be evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to determine consumption status and the factors affecting the consumption of hospital meals in pediatric burn patients. Methods: The study was conducted with 50 orally fed children (19 girls, 31 boys) between the ages of 2-18 who were hospitalized in a burn center between June 2016-December 2017. A questionnaire was given to the voluntary children and the voluntary caregiver of the child. Results: The most common type of burns was scalding with hot water (68.0%) and the mean percentage of burns was 15.1±8.0%. It was determined that the burn grade, percentage, and burn area didn't affect appetite (p>0.05). Restlessness (66.0%), pain (63.0%), and stress (56.0%) were found to be the factors that caused decreased appetite. It was reported that pediatric burn patients sometimes (34.0%) and very rarely/never (32.0%) consumed hospital food. It was found that 38% of children who couldn't consume hospital meals mostly were supplied with food and drink from outside. Pediatric burn patients stated that they found the variety, consistency, temperature, hygiene, freshness, portion size, appearance, and hospital atmosphere of the hospital meals appropriate. Conclusion: Serving foods suitable for the consumption and needs of pediatric burn patients in a hospital and controlling their consumption will support meeting the nutritional needs and medical treatment of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ankara University Faculty of Medicine / Ankara Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Mecmuasi is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The goal of this study is to explain the characteristics of COVID-19 in this demographic, as well as the impact it had on pediatric cancer care during the pandemic. Materials and Methods: Fifteen COVID-19 patients diagnosed were studied retrospectively. Clinical, laboratory and radiological data were collected in relation to 15 patients under the age of 18 who tested positive for Sars-CoV-2. Results: Of the 12117 pediatric hemato-oncological patients tested for COVID-19, 1125 patients showed symptoms, and 14 tested positive. The majority of cases suffered minor illnesses. A total of ten children required inpatient care, five needed oxygen support, and four required mechanical ventilation and later died. It was noted that the duration of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity was prolonged in patients receiving intensive chemotherapy and/or immunosuppressive therapy. Patients’ chemotherapy was delayed in all 15 (100%) Sars-CoV-2-positive patients. Although changes visible on chest computed tomography (CT) imaging of children were mainly milder than in adults, radiological findings were more severe in patients who received relatively intensive cancer treatment. Conclusion: Children who have been treated for cancer or who have undergone a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may be at greater risk of severe COVID-19 and should be under constant observation.

Amaç: Bu sistematik derleme, pediatrik hastalarda ağrı yönetiminde sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının etkinliğini incelemek ve pediatrik hastaların ağrı düzeyleri üzerine etkilerini bilimsel olarak ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Pediatrik hastalarda ağrı yönetiminde sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarının etkinliğini belirlemek için Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct ve Web Of Science veri tabanları taranmıştır. Tarama aşamasında "pediatric", "pain management", "virtual reality", "randomized controlled" anahtar sözcükleri kullanılarak 2015-2020 yılları arasındaki araştırmalar incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Yapılan veri tabanı taraması ile konu ile ilgili “1236” çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmada başlık ve özete göre bir ön değerlendirme yapılmış ve 1218 çalışma dahil edilme kriterlerine uymadığı için çıkarılmıştır. Dahil edilme kriterlerine uyan 18 çalışma dört veri tabanından elde edilmiş ve ortak çalışmaların çıkarılmasıyla beraber değerlendirmeye alınan makale sayısı 11 olarak bulunmuştur. 1 makale ücretli erişim olduğundan tam metnine ulaşılamamış ve araştırma dışı bırakılarak 10 makale karşılaştırma ve sonuçlar açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirmeye alınan 10 çalışma, 2015-2020 yılları arasında yayınlanmış, pediatrik hastaların örneklem grubunu oluşturduğu, randomize kontrollü çalışmalardır. Çalışmalardan elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, sanal gerçekliğin pediatrik hastalarda nonfarmakolojik yöntem olarak kullanımı ve ağrıyı gidermede etkin bir araç olduğu sonuçları ortaya konulmuştur. Uygulamada Kullanım: Sanal gerçeklik uygulamasının pediatrik hastalarda ağrıyı gidermek için non-farmakolojik bir yöntem olarak kullanılmasının yaygınlaştırılması ve alandaki yeniliklerin takip edilerek hemşirelik uygulamalarına dahil edilmesi önerilmektedir.

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the demographic data and trauma mechanisms of pediatric patients aged 0-18 years who presented to our emergency department due to blunt abdominal trauma and developed solid organ damage. Materials and Methods: Demographic data, trauma mechanisms, and affected solid organs of 70 pediatric patients aged between 0-18 years old who were admitted to our emergency department due to blunt trauma between January 2017 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Results : Of the 70 children included in the study, 51 (72.9%) were male and 19 (27.1%) were female. Among the age groups, the 0-6 age group was the most exposed to trauma. The most frequent application time was 08:00-15:59. The most common cause of injury was falling from a height, followed by traffic accidents. While the number of applications increased in the summer months, this rate decreased in the winter months. The most frequently injured solid organ was the liver with 44.3%. The most common injury accompanying solid organ damage was thoracic injury with 18.5%. Conclusions: In child traumas, falls from a height and traffic accidents continue to be the most common traumas that cause solid organ damage. In the light of these data we have determined, we think that the trainings to be made and the protective measures to be taken will reduce these rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Journal of Medicine is the property of Ege University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: This study aims to determine the role of swallowing disorders in the etiology of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections (LTRIs) and persistent respiratory symptoms in children. Materials and Methods: The records of 32 patients aged 0-18 years who applied to the outpatient clinic of the pediatric pulmonology department between November 2016-June 2019 with LTRIs or persistent respiratory symptoms and diagnosed as swallowing dysfunction were evaluated retrospectively. The swallowing function of the patients were imaged and recorded by videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), and parents were surveyed for with pediatric eating assessment tool-10. Results: Median age of the patients was 14 (7.25-32.25) months, 81.3% were male. It was noted that 50% of the patient population had metabolic and/or neurologic disease, and half of the remaining 16 patients had risk factors for swallowing dysfunction, while the other half did not. Aspiration of thin liquids was found in 90.6% of patients, of which 68.8% were silent, 56.3% had oral phase dysfunction and 40.6% had a delayed swallowing reflex. Oral phase dysfunction and delayed swallowing reflex for thin and thick liquids were more frequent in 16 (50%) patients with metabolic and/or neurological disease on VFSS compared to those without metabolic and/or neurological disease (p<0.05). There was reduction in the annual number of LTRIs reported following implementation of swallowing therapy (p=0.01). Conclusion: Swallowing dysfunction is an important diagnosis to consider when approaching patients with history of recurrent respiratory symptoms, regardless of their comorbidities and risk factors. Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial to avoid subsequent complications associated with it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Vitamin B12 deficiency causes permanent neurological complications that can be resolved with early treatment. Studies have shown that changes in hematological parameters observed in the early period may contribute to early diagnosis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective evaluation was made of the hematological parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean erythrocyte hemoglobin, mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte count, mean erythrocyte volume, erythrocyte distribution width, leukocyte count, platelet count and mean platelet volume) of 74 patients with vitamin B12 deficiency and 74 healthy controls with normal vitamin B12 levels, who presented to the pediatric neurology clinic with various complaints. Patients aged 0-18 years with normal ferritin and folic acid levels, with no infections or chronic disease were included. The patients with low vitamin level were divided into subgroups: Group 1 (<150 pg/mL), group 2 (150-200 pg/mL) and group 3 (200-250 pg/mL). The control group was assigned as group 4 (>250 pg/mL). Results: The vitamin B12 deficient group and the control group were similar in terms of sex and age. Vitamin levels were significantly different between the groups, while the hemogram parameters did not differ significantly. Group 1 included 16.21%, group 2 included 54.05% and group 3 included 29.72% of the patients. The subgroups were similar in terms of sex and age, and hemogram parameters did not differ significantly. Conclusion: Changes in hemogram parameters may not be observed even at very low vitamin B12 levels, so vitamin levels should be checked in patients with clinical findings and a history suggestive of deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cases of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection are encountered in the early stages of life in developing countries. The aim of this study is to specify the seroprevalence of CMV-IgM and IgG in pediatric patients and to indicate its relationship with certain hematological, serological, and biochemical parameters. Material and Methods: Serological test results of CMV-IgM and CMV-IgG in children aged 0-14 with CMV as a causative agent were analyzed retrospectively in the blood samples sent to the Microbiology Laboratory of Dursun Odabas Medical Center of Van Yuzuncu Yil University between 2013 and 2015. The relationship with hematological and biochemical parameters was investigated in the cases with positive CMV-IgM results. Results: CMV-IgM and IgG tests were studied in 1.385 children. It was determined that 58% of these children were boys and 42% were girls. A total of 112 (8.2%) of the 1.363 patients who were tested for CMV-IgM were found to be positive. The decrease in IgM with age was found to be statistically significant (p<0.01). It was determined that 707 (95.3%) of 742 patients who were tested for CMV-IgG were positive. Similarly, the increase in IgG parallel to age was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). The correlation between positivity values of CMV-IgM-positive patients and patients' hematological, serological, and biochemical parameters were calculated separately. It was noted that the significant value in the correlation was C-reactive protein with 0.49 (p<0.01). Conclusion: CMV-IgG seroprevalence was found to be higher compared with studies conducted in developed countries. Accordingly, we think that increased C-reactive protein levels will be useful in the diagnosis of CMV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Infections in children with neurological disease often require hospitalization and are treated with antibiotics. In this study, it was aimed to determine the accompanying infections, antibiotics used and pathogenic microorganisms grown in cultures in hospitalized children with neurological disease. Materials and Methods: Digital medical files of patients between one month and 18 years old admitted to the pediatric neurology service were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnoses of neurological and infectious disease, antibiotics and antiepileptics used, and culture antibiogram results were recorded. Results: The most common infectious disease in children with neurological disease was lower respiratory tract infections (50%). Antibiotic use rate in children with neurological diseases was 51.9% (32.4% single and 19.4% combined). Lower respiratory tract infections (50%) were the leading antibiotic indications. Third generation cephalosporins (46%) were the most used in mono antibiotherapy, carbapenems (26.6%), gylicopeptides (26.6%) and broad-spectrum penicillins (10%) were used at higher rates in combined antibiotherapy. Pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii and Enterococcus raffinosus were grown in urine cultures, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium in blood cultures. 59.3% of the children with neurological diseases were receiving antiepileptic treatment. Valproic acid 24.6%, levetiracetam 20.0%, phenobarbital and carbamazepine were used at 10.8% frequency. Conclusion: The most common infectious disease in hospitalized children with neurological disease is lower respiratory tract infections. Although cephalosporin is mostly preferred in mono-antibiotherapy, carbapenem and glycopeptides come to the fore in combined therapy. It is important to know the infections that may develop in the follow-up of this group of patients and the possible causative pathogens for rapid and effective treatment and to reduce health costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to determine the general characteristics and warning signs for the more severe (grade 3) clinical course in severe scorpion envenomations in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 beds tertiary care PICU in Antalya Training and Research Hospital. Patients admitted to the PICU between 2017-2021 due to severe scorpion envenomation were admitted to the study. Results: It was found that there were 2,208 admissions to the intensive care unit during the study period (4 years), and 73 (3.3%) of these cases (35 female and 38 male) were followed up for severe scorpion envenomation. The median age was 52 (26-89) months. Yellow scorpions were described by parents or eyewitnesses in 65 patients (89%) and black scorpions in 8 (11%). Peripheral sympathetic activity (cold extremities, diaphoresis) signs (n=55, 75.3%), hypertension (n=35, 47.9%), and tachycardia (n=21, 28%) were the most common findings. The most common echocardiographic findings were mild-to-moderate mitral regurgitation and systolic dysfunction in 31 (42.5%) and 19 (25.9%) cases, respectively. Sixty-two (89%) patients had grade 2 envenomations findings and 12 (11%) had grade 3. High pro-BNP, hyperglycemia, and hyperamylasemia were observed more frequently in grade 3 than in grade 2 patients on admission. All patients received anti-venom therapy and 7 (9.5%) of them required a second dose of anti-venom therapy due to the unregressed clinical course. Twenty-seven patients (37%) required inotropics, s and the most commonly used inotropics were milrinone in 17 (23.3%) patients and dobutamine in 12 (16.4%) patients. The median PICU length of stay was 4 (3-5) days and the median hospital stay was 5 (4-6) days. All patients survived to discharge. Conclusion: Hyperamilasemia, hyperglycemia, and elevated pro-BNP levels on admission may be warning signs of more severe (grade 3) patients. Mild-to-moderate mitral regurgitation may be more commonly observed echocardiography findings than systolic dysfunction in severe cases (grade 2 and 3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meningokel adalah kondisi kegagalan fusi selubung saraf medulla spinalis yang umum ditemui pada pasien pediatrik. Koreksi meningokel dilakukan dalam posisi prone yang memerlukan tatalaksana anestesi yang hati-hati. Fisiologi neonatus dan infant berbeda dengan orang dewasa, karena fungsi fisiologis system organ masih imatur dan menyebabkan safety margin terbatas, sehingga pilihan obat adalah yang metabolismenya tidak tergantung pada fungsi hati dan ginjal normal. Dalam bidang neuroanestesi pediatrik, penggunaan remifentanil semakin luas, karena onset cepat, efek analgesik poten dan eliminasi cepat. Seorang bayi laki-laki, usia 7 bulan dengan berat badan 7 kg, diagnosis meningokel lumbosacral dilakukan tindakan eksisi meningokel. Pasien diberikan remifentanil 1 mcg/kgbb selama 1 menit dilanjutkan dengan remifentanil kontinyus 0.05-1mcg/kgbb/mnt. Induksi dengan propofol, diberikan atracurium sebelum intubasi. Selama operasi kondisi stabil, tidak terjadi episode bradikardi dan pascaoperasi pasien langsung diekstubasi. Penggunaan remifentanil menjadi pilihan karena onset cepat, efek analgesik poten, eliminasi cepat dan memberikan stabilitas hemodinamik selama operasi. Operasi dengan posisi prone pada pasien pediatrik memerlukan kehati-hatian terutama saat memposisikan pasien, dimana harus yakin pipa ett tidak mengalami dislokasi atau kinking, mencegah efek penekanan pada mata dan pencegahan terjadinya neuropati perioperatif. Pemakaian remifentanil pada kasus ini memberikan stabilitas hemodinamik yang baik dan pulih sadar yang cepat. Using Remifentanyl For Pediatrik Patient With Meningocele Underwent Meningocelectomy Under General Anesthesia Abstract Meningocele is failure of the neural tube to close during first trimester pregnancy which is the most common conditions in pediatrik patient. Correction is performed under prone position with carefull anesthestic procedure. The physiology of neonates and infants are different from that of adults. Immaturity of their vital organ systems narrows the safety margin of perioperative management including anesthesia. Remifentanil is becoming increasingly popular for this purpose. Remifentanil has favorable characteristics for anesthesia in neonates such as rapid onset, potent analgesic effect, and rapid elimination. A baby boy 7 months old, 7 kg, with meningocele lumbosacral underwent meningocelectomy. The patient was given remifentanil 1 mcg/kgbw/iv in one minute and continuous 0.05-0.1 mcg/kgbw/mnt. Induction with propofol iv, atracurium before intubation. Stability hemodynamic during the operation, no episode of bradycardia and patient extubated early after the operation. Remifentanil is an ultra-short-acting opioid, with rapid onset, produces profound analgesia, rapid offset and good stability of hemodynamic during the operation. The operations are carried out prone, careful positioning is paramount to avoid complications like dislodging or kinking of the endotracheal tube, corneal abrasion or perioperative neuropathy. Using remifentanyl in this case report given good hemodynamic stability dan rapid emergence.

Purpose: The goal of this study is to explain the characteristics of COVID-19 in this demographic, as well as the impact it had on pediatric cancer care during the pandemic. Materials and Methods: Fifteen COVID-19 patients diagnosed were studied retrospectively. Clinical, laboratory and radiological data were collected in relation to 15 patients under the age of 18 who tested positive for SarsCoV-2. Results: Of the 12117 pediatric hemato-oncological patients tested for COVID-19, 1125 patients showed symptoms, and 14 tested positive. The majority of cases suffered minor illnesses. A total of ten children required inpatient care, five needed oxygen support, and four required mechanical ventilation and later died. It was noted that the duration of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity was prolonged in patients receiving intensive chemotherapy and/or immunosuppressive therapy. Patients’ chemotherapy was delayed in all 15 (100%) Sars-CoV-2-positive patients. Although changes visible on chest computed tomography (CT) imaging of children were mainly milder than in adults, radiological findings were more severe in patients who received relatively intensive cancer treatment. Conclusion: Children who have been treated for cancer or who have undergone a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may be at greater risk of severe COVID-19 and should be under constant observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Chlorine gas (Cl2) is a common substance used in industry, which causes toxic inhalation as a potent pulmonary irritant. Herein, we aimed to investigate the findings of pediatric cases accidentally exposed to Cl2 gas. Material and Methods:In October 2017, an accident involving Cl2 gas exposure occurred in a school where 650 students were trained. Results: Fifty students breathed in the steam generated in the school hallway as a result of an accident during cleaning The mean age of the patients was 11.2±1.5 years (range 2-18 years); 62% of the children were male. Among patients evaluated at the emergency department, 21 (42%) patients were discharged within 4-6 hours after the initial examination and symptomatic treatment. The remaining 29 patients were hospitalized. The presenting symptoms were mostly associated with one another, which included cough and dyspnea (n=30, 60%), nausea and vomiting (n=6, 12%), headache (n=7, 14%), and sore throat (n=3, 6%). Thirty patients had elevated creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) (mean 54.9±50.1 U/L). Five patients had sinus tachycardia on electrocardiogram. During the follow-up period, cardiac enzymes of all patients returned to normal levels. Seven patients were treated with steroids, bronchodilators, and humidified oxygen; 11 patients were treated with oxygen and bronchodilators; the remainders took oxygen alone. Conclusion: We suggest that this study will contribute to raising awareness about chemicals that can produce toxic substances, as in our cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Pleural effusion is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the follow-up and treatment of patients by performing etiological classification of children with hospitalization with pleural effusion diagnosis. Material and Methods: Pediatric patients who were admitted to the Pediatric Services and Intensive Care Unit of Health Sciences University Ankara Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Education and Research Hospital between January 2012 and December 2017 were evaluated. In this retrospective descriptive study, 135 patients aged 0-18 years were examined. The demographic characteristics, clinical features, physical examination findings, underlying additional disease, laboratory data, imaging methods, follow-up and treatment methods of the patients were examined. Results: 74 (54.8%) of 135 patients diagnosed with pleural effusion were male and the mean age was 8.4±5.3. 78 of the patients (57.8%) were diagnosed with parapneumonic effusion, 14 (10.4%) sepsis, 10 (7.4%) rheumatological disease. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (62.2%), cough (45.9%) and shortness of breath (32.6%). The most common finding on physical examination was tachypnea (39.3%). More than half of the patients (59.2%) had chronic disease. Among these diseases, the most common neurological diseases were found. Thoracentesis was performed in 94 (74%) of 127 patients whose data could be accessed; chest tube was inserted in 70 of them (55.5%). Of the patients diagnosed with parapneumonic effusion, 42 (53.8%) were diagnosed with simple parapneumonic effusion and 36 (46.2%) were diagnosed with complicated parapneumonic effusion (empyema). The most commonly isolated agent was Streptococcus pneumoniae. Fibrinolytic therapy was the most preferred treatment for empyema. Detection of 'pH ≤ 7,1' and 'LDH ≥ 1000' in pleural fluid was found to be significant in patients with empyema compared to patients with simple parapneumonic effusion, respectively (p:0.003) (p:0.001). Considering the distribution of parapneumonic effusions over the years, there has been an increase in the frequency of empyema in recent years. It was observed that vaccination with pneumococcal vaccine did not make any difference in the development of simple parapneumonic effusion and empyema (p: 0.351). Conclusion: Parapneumonic effusion was detected in more than half of the pediatric patients who were hospitalized for pleural effusion. Empyema incidence has increased in the last three years. This suggests the presence of invasive strains which cannot be prevented by vaccination. Further studies are needed for diagnosis and treatment in early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bagcilar Medical Bulletin / Bağcılar Tıp Bülteni is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Emergency & Intensive Care Medicine / Çocuk Acil ve Voğun Bakım Dergisi is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a challenge as the conventional methods often diagnose the disease at the later stage. Haemoglobin content of reticulocytes is useful to identify IDA at earlier stage. The objective of this study was to evaluate reticulocyte-haemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) in diagnosing IDA in children and to compare it with other conventional methods. This prospective study was conducted on 120 paediatric patients aged 12 years and below, who attended Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru, Malaysia with haemoglobin <12 g/dL. Ret-He and serum iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation were measured. Using a cut-off point of 20% for transferrin saturation, 81 out of 120 subjects (67.5%) were found as iron deficient. Based on the diagnosis of IDA, cut-off value for Ret-He using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was found as 22.65 pg. Ret-He showed a good sensitivity and specificity of 77.8% and 66.7%, respectively. As compared with Ret-He, serum ferritin showed a sensitivity of only 18.9%. However, a good specificity of 100% suggest it is useful for ruling in the disease but not suitable for screening. Transferrin saturation showed a good sensitivity and specificity, but it is biologically variable and not cost effective as a screening tool. Correlation study showed serum iron and transferrin saturation have significant positive correlation with Ret-He (r=0.415 to 0.518). However, there was no correlation between Ret-He and serum ferritin (r=0.051, p=0.578). This study shows that Ret-He at a cut-off point of 22.65 pg has a better sensitivity and potentially be useful as a screening tool in the paediatric population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tepecik Education & Research Hospital / İzmir Tepecik Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Dergisi is the property of Logos Medical Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The emergence of COVID-19 has greatly disrupted most areas of student lives and medical students are perhaps among those who have been greatly affected, especially in their clinical training. Due to restrictions, bedside teachings and interactions between students and patients were limited, consequently reducing their clinical experience. Thus, simulation-based learning has been incorporated into the Year 4 undergraduate paediatric rotation using various methods such as paediatric mannequin simulators and simulated patients as well as online simulated case discussions. A total of 91 Year 4 undergraduate medical students who participated in this simulation-based teaching and learning method answered a quick survey at the end of their semester to evaluate their acceptance on these newly introduced methods. The students accepted online simulation-based case discussion and role-play using simulated patients as effective teaching and learning methods. However, they ultimately expressed that direct encounter with patients remained the best modality to learn examination skills in paediatric posting. Although simulation-based learning cannot fully replace bedside teaching, it can be incorporated into the undergraduate medical curriculum to complement each other, especially in unprecedented times like this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Çocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi is the property of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Cocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Amaç: Pediatrik ürolojik girişim uygulanmış hastalardan postoperatif ağrı tedavisinde parasetamol ya da rejyonal tekniklerden kaudal blok kullanılmış olan ve FLACC skalası ile postoperatif analjezi ölçümü yapılmış olan hastaları retrospektif olarak değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada yaşları 0 ile 12 arasında değişen, Nisan 2019 ile Temmuz 2019 tarihleri arasında ürolojik günübirlik cerrahi uygulanmış toplam 55 hastanın dosyaları retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Kaudal epidural analjezi yapılan pediatrik hastalar Grup 1 olarak adlandırılırken, iv parasetamol verilen Grup 2 olarak adlandırılmıştır. FLACC skorları 10 dakika da bir olmak üzere 50 dakika boyunca uygulanmış. 10, 20, 30, 40 ve 50. dk’daki skorları hesaplanmıştır. Skor sonucuna göre ek analjezik yapılan hastalar not edilmiştir.Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması Grup 1’de 5.5±3.4 yıl iken Grup 2’de 6.2±3.6 yıl idi. Ortalama cerrahi süresi Grup 1’de 36.9±25.5, Grup 2’de ise 23.5±17.2 dakika idi. Postoperatif FLACC skorları 10, 20, 30, 40. dakikalarda grup 2’de Grup 1’e göre anlamlı derecede yüksekti ve yine 50. dakikada bile anlamlı derecede yüksek tespit edildi. Postoperatif ek analjezik ihtiyacı Grup 1’de hiçbir hastaya gerekmezken %0 , grup 2’deki 14 hastaya %50 ek analjezik olarak iv parasetamol 15 mg/kg verilmiştir.Sonuç: Çalışmamızda ağrı ortaya çıkmadan önce önleme konusunda kaudal epidural analjezi tekniğinin uygulanmasının postoperatif ağrı kontrolünü sağlamada etkin olduğunu tespit ettik. İlave olarak kaudal analjezinin postoperatif dönemde ek analjezik ihtiyacını azaltması, analjeziklerden oluşabilecek yan etkilerden sakınma ve maliyeti düşürme açısından avantajları düşünüldüğünde pediatrik grup hastalarda tercih sebebi olması gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz

Lesser trochanter avulsion fracture is a rare injury. It is most common in 7 to 16 years age group and needs to be considered as an important but a very rare differential diagnosis of acute onset groin or hip pain in this age group. Clinical findings would include difficulty in weight bearing, sitting cross legged and positive Ludloff sign. Although plain radiographs are enough for avulsion fracture diagnosis, computerized tomography will provide a better picture for surgical decisions. This case report describes a lesser trochanter avulsion fracture in a preadolescent patient, who had an excellent functional outcome following conservative management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]