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Abstract: From the end of the 18th century until the appearance of the first issue of the Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas e Astronomicas in 1877, the Lisbon Royal Academy of Sciences, founded in 1779, was the main publisher in Portugal of periodicals that included mathematical papers. In this article I will give an overview of the mathematical papers which appeared in the Academy''s Memoirs during the 19th century, in the context of the scientific output published in its pages. We will characterize the community of mathematicians around the Academy''s journal and the changes in background and in themes researched throughout the century. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]