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Poecilimon davisi Karabag, 1953 (davisi -group) TURKEY: Isparta, Dedeg��l Mt., 1700���1800 m (37.69437��N, 31.29401��E), 14.06.2014, nymphs last instar and imago, leg. D. Chobanov & S. Kaya, several males recorded (Fig. 7, 8), stridulatory file studied; Adana, Madenli vill., 1700 m (37. 32325��N, 31. 83269��E), 15.06.214, nymphs, leg. D. Chobanov & S. Kaya; Isparta, Sultan Dagh near Aksehir, 1900 m (38.2833�����N, 31.3167��E), 28.06.2002, leg. K.-G. Heller, 2 males recorded; Isparta, Yalva�� (38.2667��N, 31.1667��E), 28.06.2002, leg. K.-G. Heller, 2 males recorded. The males were active at night and produced short echemes with a duration of 0.4�� 0.1 s (n=54; range 0.25��� 0.63 s; Fig. 8). During the recording sessions always at least two males were in acoustical contact. In this situation the echemes were often arranged in groups with two or more males alternating. However, occasionally also isolated echemes were heard (duration of intervals 3.9�� 8.1s, range 0.2���47s, n=45). An echeme contained on average 9 syllables (SRR 20.2 Hz; T =25���26��C). The syllables had a duration of 30.6��3.8 ms (n=13) and contained 5.1��1.1 (n=13) impulses (Fig. 7) resulting in a mean interval of 7.8 ms between the impulses. Sometimes intrasyllable gaps were as large as the gaps between the syllables. At 20��C the SRR was only 15.3 Hz and the syllables had a duration of about 40.6��3.9 ms (n=9). The spectrum of the song had its peak near 30 kHz (Fig. 9). For details of the stridulatory file see Table 2, Fig. 5., Published as part of Chobanov, Dragan P., Sevgili, Hasan & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2020, Bioacoustics of poorly known Poecilimon taxa (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae with redescriptions of P. pechevi and P. stschelkanovzevi, pp. 535-553 in Zootaxa 4890 (4) on pages 547-548, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4890.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4306571, {"references":["Karabag, T. (1953) Some new Orthoptera from Turkey. Eos, 29, 177 - 200."]}

Poecilimon doga ��nal, 2004 (minutus -group) TURKEY: Isparta, Davras Gebirge above Savk��y, near ski lift (37.7667��N, 30.7167��E), 27.06.2002, leg. K.-G. Heller; 2 males recorded (Fig. 6); Afyonkarahisar province, E of Baş��ren (Suhut ��� Sandıkli road), pasture, keeps on Urtica, common, 1900 m (38.46630��N, 30.38322��E), 26.06.2014, leg. D. Chobanov, 1 male recorded (Fig. 7), stridulatory file studied. In structure, the song is quite similar to that of P. armeniacus. The males produced series with a quite variable duration of 7.7�� 8.3 s (n=13; range 0.5���25 s) at intervals of 21.1��11.7 (n=4) s. A series contained on average about 100 syllables (SRR 12.5 Hz; T =27���28��C; Fig. 6). The syllables had a duration of 54.6��1.8 ms (n=5), but contained with 22��0.8 (n=7) much more impulses than that of the previous species, resulting in a mean interval of 2.6 ms between the impulses. At 19���20��C the SRR was only 8.3 Hz and the syllables had a duration of about 93 ms (Fig. 7). For details of the stridulatory file see Table 2, Fig. 5., Published as part of Chobanov, Dragan P., Sevgili, Hasan & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2020, Bioacoustics of poorly known Poecilimon taxa (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae with redescriptions of P. pechevi and P. stschelkanovzevi, pp. 535-553 in Zootaxa 4890 (4) on pages 546-547, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4890.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4306571, {"references":["Unal, M. (2004) Distribution of fouty-six species of the genera Isophya Brunner von Wattenwyl, Poecilimon Fischer and Poecilimonella Uvarov (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae) in Turkey with description of two new species. Priamus, 11 (1 / 2), 1 - 7."]}

Poecilimon pechevi Andreeva, 1978 Song recordings: BULGARIA / NORTH MACEDONIA border area: Vlakhina Mt., Kadiytsa summit, above the tree line (F. sylvatica), 04.– 05.08.2006, 1700–1800 m alt. (41.77653ºN, 22.97026ºE), mesophytic herb and grass associations (Chamaecytisus sp., Hypericum sp., Vaccinium sp., Thymus sp., Rubus idaeus, etc.), leg. Chobanov, 3 males recorded. NORTH MACEDONIA: Vlakhina Mts., Kadiytsa summit, 1890 m (N41.78815, E22.96332)– 1930 m (41.78914ºN, 22.96490ºE), open meadows, 27.07.2019, leg. Chobanov, 1 male recorded. Depending on the temperature the males are usually active at night and produced series of syllables with a duration of 4.3± 1.3 s (n=32; range 1.2– 8.1 s) at intervals of 11.8± 7.6 s (n=15) (Fig. 6). After a short, soft and irregular beginning ca. 46 syllables followed (SRR 10.7 Hz; T =25–27ºC). The syllables had a duration of 73±7.9 ms (n=18) and contained 13.1±2.2 (n=18) impulses, resulting in a mean interval of 6.1 ms between the impulses. The largest intra-syllable impulse intervals, however, were nearly as large as the intervals between the syllables (e.g. 16 vs. 20 ms, 14 vs. 18 ms or 15 vs. 20 ms). The spectrum of the song had its peak near 30 kHz (Fig. 9). Redescription. Studied material. Holotype: ³, Bulgaria, Blagoevgrad prov., Western Bordering Mountains, Vlakhina Mountain, Kadiytsa summit: Kadiytsa, 1700 m (Andreeva 1978) (labelled 1600–2000 m) (Peshev & Andreeva 1986), 31.07.1974. Paratypes: same locality, 3 ³³, 5 ♀♀, leg. E. Andreeva, NMNHS & 1 ³, 1 ♀, leg. G. Peshev, NMNHS & 8 ³³, 5 ♀♀, leg. E. Andreeva, HMB; other material: same locality, 1700-1800 m, 41.797ºN, 22.969ºE, xerophyte low bush- and mesoxerophyte grass associations, 04. – 05.08.2006, common, 4 ³³, 2 ♀♀, leg. D. Chobanov, NMNHS & CC. Note: Andreeva (1978) presents a detailed but insufficient description of a new species, Poecilimon pechevi. The figures in the latter publication are quite schematic and, as found later, somewhat incorrect. The differential diagnosis is too brief and the new species is compared only with P. zwicki Ramme, 1933. Actually, from the figure of the apical part of cerci (Andreeva 1978: Plate I, 5), a similarity with P. ampliatus may be observed. As a result, P. pechevi remained a taxon with unclear status and position within the genus Poecilimon. Furthermore, its isolated population and local endemic status required definition of its conservation importance. Small, stocky build, with moderately shiny integument. Measurements as shown by Andreeva (1978) or also slightly smaller. Male (Fig. 3a, b, d, e). The fastigium verticis is half the width of the scapus, equal or wider and slightly longer than the second antennal limb, with parallel sides, moderately projecting fore- and upward. The pronotum is widest in its middle, the metazone is moderately dome-shaped bulging and slightly constricted backwards; its hind margin is concave. The mid sulcus passes just before the middle of pronotum. The lateral plates of pronotum have rounded corners. The acoustic stigma has small aperture. The tegmina are slightly covered by pronotum (Diagnosis. P. pechevi belongs to the Poecilimon ampliatus group, as defined by Heller & Lehmann (2004). It is most similar to P. ebneri by sharing various synapomorphies as the general coloration and body shape, the number of stridulatory teeth, and especially the shape of female lamella. On the other hand, similarities exist with P. ampliatus in the shape of male cerci, in P. pechevi cerci being slightly shorter and thicker. Male calling song is typical for the group and strongly resembles the song of both P. ebneri and P. ampliatus (compare Heller 1988; Heller & Lehmann 2004). The most important difference between P. pechevi and P. ampliatus is the presence of a glandular bulge at the first abdominal tergite of the latter, which is thus an autapomorphy of P. ampliatus. Other differences from P. ampliatus include: 1) the colouration of P. pechevi is paler, similar to that of P. ebneri; 2) lower number of stridulatory teeth (68–73 against 95 in ampliatus; but see below and Anichini et al. 2016); 3) the differences in song are weak (as typical for the group in general). Differences from P. ebneri include mainly male cerci. In P. pechevi cerci are very short and bulky with sinuate outcurved apex bearing a single hook-shaped tooth, while in P. ebneri cerci are longer, tip is gently incurved and bearing usually two (rarely 1 to 4) pointed teeth (compare with Heller & Lehmann 2004). Female lamella in P. pechevi closely resembles P. ebneri and P. ampliatus (compare Fig. 2A, B in Heller & Lehmann 2004; errors exist in the legend of that plate and Figs 2–5 should be read as 2— P. ebneri, 3— P. marmaraensis, 4— P. amissus and 5— P. intermedius) being dorso-ventrally flattened and triangularly pointed at the lower part of gonangulum.. Distribution, conservation importance and biological remarks. P. pechevi occurs only on Vlakhina Mountain, at the border between Bulgaria and North Macedonia, where it is found only on the summit of Kadiytsa. The latter strikingly dominates the landscape, rising from the surrounding crests of 1700–1750 m to 1924 m. The species is a local endemic for the pseudosubalpine meadows at Kadiytsa summit, unique for the central part of the Ossogovo-Ograzhden mountain group. The habitat appears to be naturally climatically deforested and belongs to habitat types 62D0 and 4060 (http://natura2000.moew.government.bg/Home/ProtectedSite?code=BG0000366&sit eType=HabitatDirective). Its vegetation was determined as grass formations (Agrostideta capillaries, Nardeta strictae, Bellardiochloeta violaceae) replacing forests of Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba (Bondev 1991). The occupied habitat is estimated to cover about 10 square km and is subjected to a disturbance by fruit pickers during the blueberry season. Recently, a significant pressure from cattle overgrazing was observed that visibly changed the habitat quality. P. pechevi keeps into meso- and xeromesophyte grass associations and within tufts of small bushes of Chamaecytisus, even completely isolated from the neighbouring vegetation by soil patches with xeric character, between 1700 and 1900 m altitude. During the summer months the animals become active after dark (in the beginning of August higher activity was observed after 10 p. m.), while in the morning they dart within the vegetation where spend the day. Earlier in the year and during cool days the animals are active throughout the day. The nymphs emerge in May and the imagines occur from July to late August., Published as part of Chobanov, Dragan P., Sevgili, Hasan & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2020, Bioacoustics of poorly known Poecilimon taxa (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae with redescriptions of P. pechevi and P. stschelkanovzevi, pp. 535-553 in Zootaxa 4890 (4) on pages 538-544, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4890.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4306571, {"references":["Andreeva, E. (1978) Une nouvelle espece du genre Poecilimon Fisch. (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) de Bulgarie. Acta zoologica bulgarica, 10, 78 - 80.","Peshev, G. & Andreeva, E. (1986) Orthoptera in Southwest Bulgaria. I. Fauna. In: Fauna of Southwestern Bulgaria. Vol. 1. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, pp. 82 - 117. [in Bulgarian]","Ramme, W. (1933) Revision der Phaneropterinen-Gattung Poecilimon Fisch. (Orth. Tettigon.). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum, Berlin, 19, 497 - 575, pls. 6 - 12.","Heller, K. - G. & Lehmann, A. (2004) Taxonomic revision of the European species of the Poecilimon ampliatus - group (Orthoptera Phaneropteridae). Memorie della Societa entomologica italiana, 82 (2), 403 - 422.","Heller, K-G. (1988) Bioakustik der Europaischen Laubheuschrecken. J. Margraf, Weikersheim, 358 pp.","Bondev, I. (1991) The vegetation of Bulgaria. Map 1: 600 000 with explanatory text. St. Kliment Ohridski University Press, Sofia. [map, in Bulgarian with English summary]"]}

Poecilimon armeniacus (Uvarov, 1921) (armeniacus -group) TURKEY: Malatya, Arapgir, 14.07.2002, leg. H. Sevgili, 1 male recorded; Erzurum, Askale���Tercan yolu, 11.07.2002, leg. H. Sevgili, 2 males recorded; Erzurum, Pasapinar, 11.07.2002, leg. H. Sevgili, 1 male recorded (Fig. 6); Tokat / Sivas prov. border, ��amlibel pass, 1600 m (39.6300��N, 36.5075��E), 10.07.2011, leg. D. Chobanov, B. ��ıplak, S. Kaya, CC, 1 male recorded (Fig. 7); Agrı, Taslıcay, under Balık lake, 2200 m (39.7300��N, 43.4856��E), 16.07.2011, leg. D. Chobanov, B. ��ıplak, S. Kaya, CC, 1 male recorded, stridulatory file studied; Agrı, Saclıdag, 2160 m, 16.07.2011 (39.8747��N, 42.3856��E), leg. leg. D. Chobanov, B. Cıplak, S. Kaya, CC, 1 male recorded. The song is quite similar to that of P. pechevi. The males were active at night and produced series with a duration of 5.6�� 3,7 s (n=62; range 0.8��� 18.7 s) at intervals of 12.9�� 10.8s (n=28) s. After a short, soft and irregular beginning ca. 60 syllables followed (SRR 10.8 Hz; T =23.5���28��C; Fig. 6). The syllables had a duration of 64��8.2 ms (n=28) and contained 8.25��1.2 (n=18) impulses, resulting in a mean interval of 9.1 ms between the impulses (Fig. 7). For details of the stridulatory file see Table 2, Fig. 5., Published as part of Chobanov, Dragan P., Sevgili, Hasan & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2020, Bioacoustics of poorly known Poecilimon taxa (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae with redescriptions of P. pechevi and P. stschelkanovzevi, pp. 535-553 in Zootaxa 4890 (4) on page 544, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4890.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4306571, {"references":["Uvarov, B. (1921) Some new Orthoptera from the Caucasus. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 7 (3), 44 - 50."]}

Poecilimon celebi celebi Karabag, 1953 (celebi -group) TURKEY: Devrekani–Bozkurt, 09.07.2011, 1200 m (41.70733ºN, 33.97399ºE), leg. B. Çıplak, S. Kaya & D. Cho-banov, 2 males recorded. The males produced short echemes with a duration of 0.72± 0.1 s (n=24; range 0.6– 1.0 s; Fig. 8). The intervals between the echemes had a duration of 2.5± 3.6 s (range 0.8– 14.6 s, n=11). An echeme contained on average 36 syllables (SRR 50.4 Hz; T =23ºC). The syllables had a mean duration of 4.8 ms and contained 2 impulses., Published as part of Chobanov, Dragan P., Sevgili, Hasan & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2020, Bioacoustics of poorly known Poecilimon taxa (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae with redescriptions of P. pechevi and P. stschelkanovzevi, pp. 535-553 in Zootaxa 4890 (4) on page 549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4890.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4306571, {"references":["Karabag, T. (1953) Some new Orthoptera from Turkey. Eos, 29, 177 - 200."]}

Poecilimon obtusicercus kasnak Ünal, 2010 (syriacus -group) TURKEY: Antalya province, Ibradi–Derebucak, 1330 m (37.13384ºN, 31.5604ºE), mesophyte meadow and oak scrub, 14.06.2014, leg. D. Chobanov & S. Kaya, 1 male recorded. The male produced short echemes with a duration of 0.54± 0.1 s (n=12; range 0.4– 0.6 s; Fig. 8). The intervals between the echemes had a duration of 3.7± 2.5 s (range 1.8– 9.5 s, n=11). An echeme contained on average 27 syllables (SRR 50.6 Hz; T =24ºC). The syllables had a mean duration of 2.5 ms and contained 1–2 impulses. The spectrum of the song had its peak between 20 and 30 kHz (Fig. 9)., Published as part of Chobanov, Dragan P., Sevgili, Hasan & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2020, Bioacoustics of poorly known Poecilimon taxa (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae with redescriptions of P. pechevi and P. stschelkanovzevi, pp. 535-553 in Zootaxa 4890 (4) on page 549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4890.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4306571, {"references":["Unal, M. (2010) Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Turkey and the Middle East II. Transactions of the American entomological society, 136 (1 - 2), 125 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.3157 / 061.136.0203"]}

Poecilimon guichardi Karabag, 1964 TURKEY: Mersin, G��zelyayla, Eskig ��zle Mevkii, 12.07.1999, leg. H. Sevgili, 1 male recorded; Mersin, G��zelyayla, Eskig ��zle Mevkii, 01.08.2020 (37.045��N, 34.496��E), leg. H. Sevgili & O. Sevgili, 1 male recorded. The song is quite similar to that of P. armeniacus. In both recordings of this species a continuous series of syllables (up to 35 s) is heard, produced with SRRs of 9.2���10.4 Hz (T =29��C; Fig. 6). The syllables had durations of ca. 67���85 ms and contained 6 impulses, resulting in a mean interval of 14 ms between the impulses. The spectrum of the song had its peak between 30 and 40 kHz (Fig. 9). For details of the stridulatory file see Table 2, Fig. 5., Published as part of Chobanov, Dragan P., Sevgili, Hasan & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2020, Bioacoustics of poorly known Poecilimon taxa (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae with redescriptions of P. pechevi and P. stschelkanovzevi, pp. 535-553 in Zootaxa 4890 (4) on page 545, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4890.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4306571, {"references":["Karabag, T. (1964) Some new species and new records of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from Turkey. Communication of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Ankara (c), 13, 36 - 55."]}

Poecilimon celebi azdavayi Ünal, 2003 (celebi -group) TURKEY: Karabük province, Ağaçkesen vill., 990 m (41.35238ºN, 32.74289ºE), 09.07.2011, leg. B. Çıplak, S. Kaya & D. Chobanov, 1 male recorded. The male produced short echemes with a duration of 0.38± 0.04 s (n=11; range 0.33– 0.45 s; Fig. 8). The intervals between the echemes had a duration of 0.8± 0.2 s (range 0.5– 1.0 s, n=10). An echeme contained on average 18 syllables (SRR 45.5 Hz; T =23ºC). The syllables had a mean duration of 6 ms and contained 1–3 impulses (Fig. 7)., Published as part of Chobanov, Dragan P., Sevgili, Hasan & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2020, Bioacoustics of poorly known Poecilimon taxa (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae with redescriptions of P. pechevi and P. stschelkanovzevi, pp. 535-553 in Zootaxa 4890 (4) on page 549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4890.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4306571, {"references":["Unal, M. (2003) New species of the genus Poecilimon Fischer (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from Turkey. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 129 (3 / 4), 389 - 398."]}

Poecilimon excisus Karabag, 1950 (armeniacus -group) TURKEY: Eskisehir, Sivrihisar, 06.07.2003, leg. H. Sevgili; Isparta, Sultan Dagh near Aksehir, 1900 m (38.2833��N, 31.3167��E), 28.06.2002, leg. K.-G. Heller, 2 males recorded (Fig. 7, 8), stridulatory file studied; Konya, Aksehir (38.35��N, 31.4833��E), 29.06.2002, leg. K.-G. Heller, 2 males recorded. The males produced short echemes with a duration of 0.44�� 0.14 s (n=56; range 0.2��� 0.79 s; Fig. 8). During the recording sessions the singing males were usually in acoustical contact. The intervals between the echemes had a duration of 2.9�� 2.0 s (range 0.9��� 9.8 s, n=51). An echeme contained on average 6 syllables (SRR 12.6 Hz; T =25���30��C). The syllables had a duration of 56.5��4.1 ms and contained 14.3��1.8 (n=12) impulses (Fig. 7) resulting in a mean interval of 4.4 ms between the impulses. For details of the stridulatory file see Table 2, Fig. 5., Published as part of Chobanov, Dragan P., Sevgili, Hasan & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2020, Bioacoustics of poorly known Poecilimon taxa (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae with redescriptions of P. pechevi and P. stschelkanovzevi, pp. 535-553 in Zootaxa 4890 (4) on page 548, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4890.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4306571, {"references":["Karabag, T. (1950) Five new species of Poecilimon Fischer (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) from Turkey. Proceeding of Royal Entomological Society London (B), 19, 157 - 161. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1950. tb 00952. x"]}

Poecilimon toros Ünal, 2003 (syriacus -group) TURKEY: Antalya, road Elmali–Korkuteli, near branching off to Avdan (36.9345°N, 30.0942°E), 21.05.2009, leg. D. Chobanov, H. Braun, K.-G. Heller, 2 males recorded. The males produced short echemes with a duration of 0.34± 0.1 s (n=21; range 0.23– 0.45 s; Fig. 8). The intervals between the echemes had a duration of 4.2± 4.2 s (range 0.7– 14.4 s, n=18). An echeme contained on average 14 syllables (SRR 40.8 Hz; T =24ºC). The syllables had a mean duration of 3.2 ms and contained 1–3 impulses. The spectrum of the song had its peak near 30 kHz (Fig. 9)., Published as part of Chobanov, Dragan P., Sevgili, Hasan & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2020, Bioacoustics of poorly known Poecilimon taxa (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae with redescriptions of P. pechevi and P. stschelkanovzevi, pp. 535-553 in Zootaxa 4890 (4) on page 549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4890.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4306571, {"references":["Unal, M. (2003) New species of the genus Poecilimon Fischer (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from Turkey. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 129 (3 / 4), 389 - 398."]}

Poecilimon stschelkanovzevi Tarbinsky, 1932 TURKMENISTAN: Ahal Province, Dushak Mt., Erekdag Observatory, 2470 m (37.95611°N, 57.90556°E), 30.06.1992 [labelled “Obszervutor / Tn / 1992.VI.30 ”], 1 male, 1 female, Hungarian Natural History Museum (Budapest). Redescription. Average sized animal, stockyly built, with moderately shiny integument. Measurements according to Bey-Bienko (1954) in mm—body length male 18.5–22, female 24–25; pronotum male 4.9–5.3, female 5.3–5.5; tegmina (visible part) male 1.6, female 0.7; hind femur male 16, female 16.5–18.4; ovipositor 6.5. Own measurements in mm—pronotum male 5.2, female 6.2; tegmina (visible part) male 1.7, female 0.8; (whole tegmen of the female 3.0 mm); hind femur male 18.2, female 18.4; cercus 2.9; ovipositor 7.5. Male (Fig. 4 a–c, f, i). The fastigium verticis is short, tapering to the tip, half the width of the scapus. Antennal joints dark in their base, thus antennae look with dark and light rings. The pronotum is constricted in the middle, proand metazone widening fore- and backeards, respectively, hind margin of metazone concave. The mid sulcus passes before the middle of pronotum. The lateral plates of pronotum have rounded corners. The acoustic stigma has large aperture. Half of tegmina are covered by pronotum, comparatively small, with slight excision at the medial (anal) edge. The stridulatory area is bulged over the costal area and has pronounced strongly chitinized venation. The stridulatory vein is covered by the pronotum, massive and long. The stridulatory file (Fig. 4i) measures 2.56 mm in length (shortest distance between ends) and 0.12 mm in its widest point. The file bears 132 teeth, clearly separated to a basal part of 1.34 mm with 45 wide, sparse teeth, enlarging towards the middle, and an apical part of 1.34 mm with 87 finer dense teeth. Both parts are separated by a step-like descent from the basal to the apical part. Legs quite long, fore and mid femora much longer than pronotum (ca. 7.7–8 mm). Hind femora lack spines on their ventral keels. Hind margins of the abdominal tergites are not protruded. The epiproct is broader than long. The cerci (Fig. 4f) are comparatively long, slightly incurved, tapering almost to the tip, when they are strongly incurved and widened. Their apical part ends with a short, wide, decurved spine spine. The subgenital plate is short, slightly tapering to the tip, where it has a shallow rectangular incision. Coloration. The body of the dried specimens is pale, yellowish, though living animals are possibly fresh green or yellowish-green with large rusty-brown speckles. A thin whitish band passes along the middle of the vertex, occiput and the distal part of tergites. The sides of metazone are bordered by a reddish band. Pale light bands pass over the sides of the reddish band of pronotum and continues on the abdominal tergites, where it is much sharper and bordered by black on both sides. The tegmina are yellowish with dark stridulatory area on which yellow veins are sharply visible. All femora with dark colored ventral keels. Female (Fig. 4d, e, g, h, j). The fastigium is wider than in the male – almost as wide as scapus. The pronotum is almost cylindrical, longer then in male, with a long metazone, almost entirely covering the large tegmina. The tegmina (Fig. 4e, j) are roundish, the left tegmen bearing a well-developed stridulatory apparatus with at least four proximal rows of parallel spines and a large distal area of circular spines. The epiproct is broader than long. The cerci are conical, in- and decurved, slightly longer than the epiproct. The subgenital plate (Fig. 4g) is half as long as wide, widely rounded, with a small triangular projection at the apex. Ovipositor short with the basal fold of the upper edge of lower ovipositor valve (lamella) forming typical roundish projection (Fig. 4h). Coloration. Similar to the male. Diagnosis. Bey-Bienko (1954) compares this species with P. thoracicus (Fieber, 1853), rejecting close relationships between both due to the difference in the coloration of male tegmina. On the other hand, the shape of male pronotum and cerci, the long legs, the structure of male tegmina and especially of the stridulatory file suggest closer relationships with P. schmidtii (Fieber, 1853) and partly with some members of the Poecilimon heroicus Stshelkanovtzev, 1911 species group (Heller et al. 2006). The area of distribution of the latter taxa opposite to that of P. stschelkanovzevi at the western side of the Caspian Sea and the close relationships between P. schmidtii and the Poecilimon heroicus group (Ullrich et al. 2010) may further support that hypothesis., Published as part of Chobanov, Dragan P., Sevgili, Hasan & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2020, Bioacoustics of poorly known Poecilimon taxa (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae with redescriptions of P. pechevi and P. stschelkanovzevi, pp. 535-553 in Zootaxa 4890 (4) on pages 549-550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4890.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4306571, {"references":["Tarbinsky, S. P. (1932) [Materials for the knowledge of orthopteran insects in the USSR]. Bulletin of the Leningrad Institute for Controlling Farm and Forest Pests, 2, 181 - 205, 12 figs. [in Russian]","Bey-Bienko, G. Ya. (1954) Fauna of the U. S. S. R. (Phaneropterinae, Tettigonioidea: Orthoptera). Zoological Instute of the U. S. S. R. Academy of the Sciences, 59, 1 - 375.","Fieber, F. X. (1853) Synopsis der europaischen Orthopteren mit besonderer R ʾ cksicht der bohmischen Arten. Lotus, 3, 90 - 104 + 115 - 131 + 138 - 154 + 168 - 176 + 184 - 188 + 201 - 207 + 232 - 238 + 252 - 261.","Stshelkanovtzev, J. P. (1911) Notes on Russian saltatorial Orthoptera. Travaux du Laboratoire et Cabinet Zoologie de l'Universite Varsovie, 1910, 153 - 180. [in Russian]","Heller, K. - G., Korsunovskaya, O. S., Sevgili, H. & Zhantiev, R. D. (2006) Bioacoustics and systematics of the Poecilimon heroicus - group (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae: Barbitistinae). European Journal of Entomology, 103 (4), 853 - 865.","Ullrich, B., Reinhold, K., Niehuis, O. & Misof, B. (2010) Secondary structure and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 of bush crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Barbitistini). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 48, 219 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.2009.00553. x"]}

Poecilimon harveyi Karabag, 1964 (armeniacu s-group) TURKEY: Erzurum, G��lyurt Gecidi, southwest of Ispir (40.35��N, 40.783��E), 2300 m, 7.08.1983, leg. K.-G. Heller; 2 males recorded, stridulatory file studied. The song is quite similar to that of the closely related (��nal 2010) P. armeniacus. In the short recording two males produced overlapping series with durations of ca. 8 s each. In these series they showed a SRR of 12.5 Hz (T =27��C; Fig. 6). The syllables had a duration of 46 ms and contained 4���6 impulses, resulting in a mean interval of 11.5 ms between the impulses. For details of the stridulatory file see Table 2, Fig. 5., Published as part of Chobanov, Dragan P., Sevgili, Hasan & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2020, Bioacoustics of poorly known Poecilimon taxa (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae with redescriptions of P. pechevi and P. stschelkanovzevi, pp. 535-553 in Zootaxa 4890 (4) on pages 544-545, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4890.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4306571, {"references":["Karabag, T. (1964) Some new species and new records of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from Turkey. Communication of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Ankara (c), 13, 36 - 55.","Unal, M. (2010) Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Turkey and the Middle East II. Transactions of the American entomological society, 136 (1 - 2), 125 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.3157 / 061.136.0203"]}

Species group minor Liu Diagnosis (species group “c”). The songs are constituted by numerous discontinuous chirps at the beginning followed by continuous syllables (Figs 3 a–k). Notes. According to the song characteristics (Liu et al., 2019), M. hainanensis He, 2019, should be put into the species group. Included species and subspecies. M. minor sp. n. (East Asia), M. m. yunnana sub sp. n. (China), M. hainanensis He, 2019 (China).

Mecopoda synconfracta sp. n. Liu (Figs 2 f–j; 5h; 6h) Holotype. male, CHINA: Guangxi, Baise City, Tiandong City, Suburban District, 23.6311N, 107.1258E, 2014.XI., XS WANG. Paratypes. 12 males, same data as in holotype; CHINA: 31 males, 3 females, Guangdong, Shenzhen City, Suburban District, 22.6722N 113.9738E, 2014.XI.28, T ZHANG; Hainan Island, Jianfengling Nature Reserve, 18.74N, 108.74E, 2 males, 4 females, 2014.X.22–26, C WU; 3 males [IOZ(E)1918083, 1918084, 1918078], 2007.X.15–16, RR WANG & XY ZHU; 2 females [IOZ(E)1918106, 1918114], 4–6.v.2007, CX LIU; 1 male [IOZ(E)1918125], 19.v.2009, LH DANG; 18 males, 13 females [IOZ(E)1918058-066, 1918072-076, 1918078, 1918080-082, 1918101, 1918137-139, 1918141-145, 1918147-148, 1918154], 2009.IX.23–XII.17, M LIN, T HU, Z ZHAO, J YAO & J LI; 3 males, Bawangling Nature Reserve, 2012.VIII.29, CX LIU; 2 males, Guangxi, Shaoping, 2013.VIII., YY WANG; 1 female, Yunnan, Hekou City, Nanxi, 2014. V.10, C WU. Diagnosis. The new species is distinguished from M. confracta sp. nov. by the spacing of the teeth of the stridulatory file, of which the basal teeth are gradually becoming smaller proximad (Fig. 5h). Bioacoustics (see song parameters in Table 3). For its song type, a song unit is made up of several different-amplitude subunits. One subunit consists of 2 simple syllables. The neighboring subunits are broken (Figs 2 f–i). This new species is widely distributed in southern China (including Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hainan). Etymology. The species name indicates its song unit consists of a series of chirps.

Mecopoda minor yunnana subsp. nov. Liu (Figs 3 h–k; 5m; 6m) Holotype. male (No. JF 549), CHINA: Yunnan, Yuxi City, Cengjiang, Jiucheng Village, 24.6668N, 102.9463E, 2014.XI.14, XS WANG. Paratypes. 15 male, 2 female, same data as in holotype; CHINA: Yunnan Province, 5 male, Yuanmou, urban District, 25.7081N 101.8732E, 2014.XI.11, XS WANG; 1 male, Tengchong, 2018.IX., C WU. Diagnosis. The subspecies is distinguished from the nominate subspecies by the much longer stridulatory file and large number of stridulatory teeth (see measurements in Tables 5–6). Table 5. Measurements (in mm) of male stridulatory apparatus of Mecopoda species. species N FL TN TD LRSA WRSA LM WM 5.21±0.29 110±4 0.047±0.002 13.05±1.17 6.18±0.6 6.12±0.50 2.71±0.18 M. niponensis 19 (4.79-5.6) (104-118) (0.044 -0.051) (10.28-15.2) (5.18-7.2) (4.82-6.77) (2.4-3) 5.19±0.28 110±7 0.047±0.003 12.73±0.4 5.75±0.2 6.43±0.23 2.46±0.13 M. fallax 15 (4.78-5.8) (101-120) (0.041 -0.053) (11.88-13.28) (5.42-6.14) (6.04-6.85) (2.22-2.75) 5.59±0.30 108±6 0.052±0.003 14.68±0.72 6.29±0.36 7.26±0.34 2.59±0.16 M. crescendo 25 (4.8-5.99) (101-122) (0.045 -0.056) (13.34-16.8) (5.36-7) (6.61-8.2) (2.32-2.84) M. himalaya 1 5.59 96 0.058 15.3 7.22 7.2 2.88 6.11±0.42 87±5 0.070±0.006 15.71±0.96 7.14±0.42 7.06±0.24 2.72±0.14 M. tibetensis 5 (5.47-6.57) (81-93) (0.065 -0.079) (14.71-17.01) (6.75-7.83) (6.76-7.41) (2.58-2.96) M. marmorata 1 5.18 64 0.81 14.68 6.59 7.03 2.69 4.81±0.27 86±5 0.056±0.003 13.87±1.06 5.38±0.23 6.26±0.44 1.55±0.14 M. confracta 14 (4.31-5.22) (78-94) (0.051 -0.062) (10.74-15.4) (4.84-5.60) (5.08-6.8) (1.37-1.82) 4.87±0.15 95±5 0.051±0.002 13.23±0.63 5.25±0.16 6.33±0.23 1.60±0.11 M. synconfracta 17 (4.62-5.12) (86-103) (0.048 -0.055) (12.06-14.94) (4.85-5.48) (5.97-6.86) (1.41-1.84) M. sp. (Vietnam) 1 4.75 92 0.052 12.76 5.24 6.16 1.84 4.19±0.29 84±3.6 (78- 0.0498±0.0025 10.88±0.61 4.71±0.30 5.08±0.23 1.78±0.098 M. m. minor 18 (3.73-4.69) 92) (0.044 -0.054) (9.92-12.18) (4.04-5.21) (4.61-5.42) (1.6-1.99) 5.24±0.17 116±4 0.045±0.0017 11.29±0.48 5.39±0.18 5.36±0.22 2.15±0.11 M. m. yunnanensis 13 (5.04-5.56) (107-122) (0.043 -0.048) (10.54-11.85) (5.07-5.67) (5.04-5.79) (2.01-2.33) 4.82±0.01 90.5±0.7 0.053±0.0006 13.25±0.64 5.29±0.095 6.35±0.21 1.55±0.07 M. elongata (India) 2 (4.81-4.83) (90-91) (0.0529 -0.0537) (12.8-13.7) (5.22-5.36) (6.2-6.5) (1.5-1.6) Chirper 9 3.94 93.3 0.0422 Double chirper 9 5.3 87.7 0.0604 Two Part Caller 5 4.51 90.2 0.0500 Train 10 4.62 84.9 0.0544 Helicopter 8 5.47 100.8 0.0543 Notes. FL: file length; TN: tooth number; TD: tooth density; LRSA: largest length of right stridulatory area; WRSA: largest width of right stridulatory area; LM: largest length of mirror; WM: largest width of mirror. Table 6. Measurements (in mm) of male body size of Mecopoda species. species N LP LFF LMF LHF TL TW RTLW 7.72±0.45 10.41±0.43 12.47±0.73 36.29±2.42 43.17±4.05 15.42±1.52 2.81±0.27 M. niponensis 19 (6.82-8.55) (9.59-11.34) (11.09-13.59) (30.96-40.23) (34.57-49.3) (11.69-18.97) (2.19-3.36) 8.44±0.36 11.75±0.93 14.27±0.52 42.19±1.18 56.29±2.16 15.87±1.06 3.56±0.25 M. fallax 15 (7.95-9.03) (9.35-13.11) (13.2-15.17) (40.28-44.56) (52.57-59.22) (13.78-17.43) (3.21-4.23) 9.55±0.6 12.92±0.89 16.02±0.8 47.86±3.05 65.66±3.08 18.34±0.91 3.58±0.15 M. crescendo 25 (8.48-10.84) (10.28-14.67) (14.27-18.03) (42-55.75) (57.23-72.45) (16.02-19.67) (3.26-3.93) M. himalaya 1 10.25 13.84 17.11 49.14 65.71 16.63 3.95 9.8±0.24 14.30±0.38 17.05±0.53 48.55±1.08 63.98±2.19 18.26±0.55 3.50±0.077 M. tibetensis 5 (9.38-10.01) (13.87-14.72) (16.59-17.87) (47.31-49.96) (62.01-67.09) (17.38-18.86) (3.41-3.57) M. marmorata 1 8.96 14.11 17.39 53.46 66.24 16.94 3.91 8.73±0.41 11.68±1.44 14.74±1.27 45.37±2.11 58.81±1.89 15.11±0.72 3.90±0.13 M. confracta 14 (8.05-9.4) (9.77-13.99) (12.42-16.46) (41.6-48.72) (55.36-61.33) (13.43-15.93) (3.70-4.12) 8.97±0.47 10.78±0.94 13.80±1.18 42.94±3.52 59.03±2.24 14.88±0.70 3.97±0.13 M. synconfracta 17 (8.02-9.65) (9.3-13.58) (12.24-16.79) (34.46-48.36) (54.87-62.6) (13.43-16.48) (3.71-4.14) M. sp. (Vietnam) 1 8.65 13.33 14.91 45.25 58.13 14.69 3.96 4.00±0.30 7.78±0.58 10.15±1.08 12.65±1.23 37.90±3.70 47.99±3.79 12.05±1.05 M. m. minor 18 (3.04- (6.83-8.86) (8.24-12.51) (10.5-15.7) (31.68-42.82) (40.24-52.79) (9.63-13.5) 4.39) 7.28±0.35 9.11±0.42 11.64±0.36 34.92±1.44 46.91±1.85 12.96±0.75 3.63±0.19 M. m. yunnanensis 13 (6.78-7.98) (8.37-9.73) (11.06-12.25) (32.53-37.39) (43.37-50.05) (11.69-14.04) (3.30-4.08) 8.45±0.49 9.75±1.06 13±1.41 43.5±1.41 52.3±0.99 12.85±1.06 4.07±0.26 M. elongata (India) 2 (8.1-8.8) (9-10.5) (12-14) (42.5-44.5) (51.5-52.9) (12.1-13.6) (3.89-4.26) Chirper 9 6.94 8.44 11.59 35.3 46.18 10.58 4.36 Double chirper 9 7.66 10.47 12.8 38.89 50.7 11.66 4.35 Two Part Caller 5 8.22 10.92 13.3 40.37 52.88 12.03 4.40 Train 10 7.62 10.38 12.88 40.29 50.48 12.09 4.18 Helicopter 8 8.37 11.81 14.01 41.7 53.08 13.71 3.87 Notes. LP: length of pronotum; LFF: length of fore femur; LMF: length of mid femur; LHF: length of hind femur; TL: tegminal length; TW: tegminal width; RTLW: ratio between tegminal length and width. Measurements about Chirper, Double chirper, Two Part Caller, Train, and Helicopter follow from Nityananda & Balakrishnan (2006). Table 7. Measurements (in mm) of female body size of Mecopoda species. species N LP LFF LMF LHF TL TW RTLW OL 7.59±0.06 12.18±0.12 14.86±0.12 43.02±0.38 48.88±0.51 11.66±0.13 4.21±0.04 27.85±0.32 M. niponensis 67 (6.78-9.28) (10.29-15.54) (13.05-17.15) (32.97-51.78) (39.35-61.49) (9.27-13.74) (3.5-5.36) (19.27-32.98) 7.7±0.43 11.19±0.22 14.57±0.26 43.8±1.76 56.21±3.89 12.13±0.16 4.64±0.33 22.54±1.21 M. fallax (Yunnan) 3 (7.07-8.51) (10.76-11.43) (14.07-14.92) (41.29-47.18) (49.57-63.05) (11.80-12.31) (4.03-5.14) (20.78-24.85) 9.18±0.3 14.79±0.44 17.70±0.75 54.60±2.05 69.34±2.98 15.62±0.65 4.44±0.09 30.64±1.46 M. fallax (other places) 4 (8.36-9.77) (13.51-15.41) (15.92-19.60) (49.92-58.68) (63.23-74.79) (144-17.25) (4.29-4.66) (26.30-32.56) 9.43±0.22 14.73±0.18 18.41±0.2 55.59±0.97 70.00±1.75 15.76±0.40 4.44±0.06 30.61±1.05 M. crescendo 9 (8.76-10.57) (13.75-15.41) (17.5-19.08) (50.09-59.35) (58.16-76.69) (13.59-17.22) (4.20-4.64) (27.80-37.28) 8.7±0.54 14.26±2.7 17.58±3.12 52.32±5.59 67.11±7.18 13.83±2.73 4.94±0.46 28.2±6.25 M. tibetensis 2 (8.16-9.23) (11.56-16.95) (14.46-20.70) (46.73-57.91) (59.93-74.28) (11.1-16.56) (4.49-5.4) (21.95-34.45) 9.1±0.31 15.24±0.01 52.04±0.21 66.91±0.86 13.81±0.29 4.85±0.04 28.10±0.2 M. confracta 2 (8.79-9.41) (15.22-15.25) 18.04 (51.83-52.24) (66.05-67.77) (13.52-14.10) (4.81-4.89) (27.9-28.29) 8.6±0.39 11.54±0.45 15.24±0.36 47.47±2.39 61.63±2.36 12.49±0.77 5.02±0.19 29.88±2.28 M. synconfracta 9 (5.88-9.83) (9.43-13.99) (13.73-16.15) (31.12-53.95) (45.58-69.93) (10.39-15.13) (4.01-5.93) (25.46-32.68) 8.36±0.05 12.15±0.97 16.03±0.48 48.30±0.18 62.03±1.47 13.02±0.64 4.77±0.12 24.7±0.73 M. sp. (Vietnam) 2 (8.3-8.41) (11.18-13.12) (15.55-16.51) (48.12-48.47) (60.56-63.50) (12.38-13.66) (4.65-4.89) (23.97-25.43) 8.04±0.14 11.02±0.34 14.30±0.34 44.66±0.98 55.29±1.07 10.63±0.30 5.21±0.11 24.55±0.78 M. m. minor 27 (6.21-9.3) (8.37-13.41) (11.02-16.52) (34.45-52.65) (42.96-69.90) (8.55-13.39) (3.98-6.18) (17.1-31.78) 7.50±0.57 9.75±0.32 12.85±0.13 39.6±0.86 52.27±2.1 11.21±0.06 4.66±0.16 19.18±0.05 M. m. yunnanensis 2 (6.93-8.06) (9.43-10.07) (12.72-12.98) (38.74-40.46) (50.17-54.37) (11.15-11.27) (4.5-4.82) (19.13-19.23) Notes. LP: length of pronotum; LFF: length of fore femur; LMF: length of mid femur; LHF: length of hind femur; TL: tegminal length; TW: tegminal width; RTLW: ratio between tegminal length and width; OL: ovipositor length.

Mecopoda himalaya sp. nov. Liu (Figs 1 p���r; 5d; 6d) Holotype. male, CHINA: Yunnan, Honghe City, Jinping County, Mengqiao Village, Mengping, 474m, 2013.VIII.21, CX LIU, K-G HELLER. Paratypes. 1 male, CHINA: Yunnan, Honghe City, Jinping County, Surburb of Jinping County, 500m, 2013. VIII.17, CX LIU, K-G HELLER. Diagnosis. M. himalaya is distinguished from the species in the species group niponensis by the low number of teeth and largest tooth density (Figs 5d; Table 5) and continuous song, which consists of repeated unchanged simple syllables (Fig. 1 p���r). The species is only distributed in low altitudes of Yunnan Province in China. Etymology. The species name indicates its locality and distribution area., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Wang, Xue-Song, Yang, Zhen, Wu, Chao, Liu, Fei & Zhang, Tao, 2020, Taxonomy of a katydid genus Mecopoda Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Mecopodinae) from East Asia, pp. 296-310 in Zootaxa 4758 (2) on page 304, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4758.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3734484

Mecopoda niponensis (Haan, 1843) (Figs 1 a���e; 4a; 5a; 6a) Locusta (Mecopoda) niponensis Haan, 1843. Temminck [Ed.] Verhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlansche Overzeesche Bezittingen 19/20:188 (unspecified primary type, origin. Descript.; type locality: Japan; type depository: unknown) Mecopoda elongata Karny, 1921. Philippine Journ. Science 18(5):612 Mecopoda niponensis Karny, 1924. Treubia 5(1���3):159; Jin & Xia, 1994. Jour. Orth. Res. 3:28; Otte, 1997. Orthoptera Species File 7:101; Ichikawa. 2001. Tettigonia 3:79; Kim, T.-W. & J.I. Kim. 2001. Korean J. Entomol. 31(3):159; Shi, F.-M., L.H. Zhao & Xin Wang. 2013. Acta Zootaxonomica Sin. 38(4):739; Zhou, Z.-J., M. Yang, Y.-L. Chang & F.-M. Shi. 2014. Acta Entomol. Sin. 56(4):408���418; Han, L., H.-Y. Liu & F.-M. Shi. 2015. International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies 2(1):19; Storozhenko, T.-W. Kim & Jeon. 2015. Monograph of Korean Orthoptera 33. Mecopoda elongata variety niponensis Beier, 1966. Orthopterorum Catalogus 9:299 Examined specimens. China: Anhui Province: 3 males, 2 females, Chuzhou City, Huangfu Mountain, 1965. VI.; 16 males, 1 females, Fuyang City, Yingdong District, 2014.IX.20; 2 males, Jixi County, 2012.IX., 2 males, Lushan County, Luling Town, 2012.IX.; 1 male, Tongling City, 2012.IX.; 1 male, Tongling City, Fenghuang Mountain, 2014.X.16. China: 1 male, 2 females, Chongqing City, Jinfo Mountain, 2014.IX.. China: Fujian Province: 2 males, 2008.X.; 1 male, Shaowu City, 1946. VIII.6���15; 3 males, 2 females, Shaowu City, Jiangshi Reserve, 2015. VII.3; 9 males, 1 female, Shaowu City, Longhu Station, 2014.X.9. China: Gansu Province: 2 females, Longnan City, Bikou Town, 2014. VIII.15. China: Guangdong Province: 7 males, Guangzhou City, Tangxia, 1958.IX.20. China: Guangxi Province: 1 male, Guilin City, Longsheng County, Jiangdi Village, 2012. VI.17; 5 males, 3 females, Leye County, Huaping Town; 1 male, Lingui County, 1952.IX.���XI.; 1 male, Maoershan, Huajiang Township, Gaoan Village, 2012. VI.; 2 males, 1 female, Maoershan, Tongren Station, 2014.X.27. China: Guizhou Province: 1 male, 3 females, Daozhen County, Dashahe Xiannudong Protection Station, 2013. VIII.3; 1 female, Daozhen County, Luohe town, 2013. VIII.; 1male, 1 female, Meitan County, 2013. VII.; 2 males, Xishui County, Chengzhai Township, 2009.X.17. China: Hebei Province: 25 males, 2 females, Xinyang City, Liankang Mountain, 2014.IX.23. China: Hubei Province: 12 males, 1 female, Huanggang City, Qichun County, 2014.IX.26. China: Hunan Province: 10 males, 1 female, Changde City, Shimen County, Hupingshan Town, Wangyuehu, 2015.7.20; 10 males, 3 females, Hupingshan Nature Reserve, Daling, Xiangbizigou, 2014.X.18; 10 males, 19 females, Hupingshan Nature Reserve, Sangzhi, Maozhuhe, 2014.X.14���17; 6 males, 11 females, Hupingshan Nature Reserve, Sangzhi, Nanmuping, 2014.X.23; 6 males, 4 females, Sangzhi County, Bamaoxi Township, 2014.X.24���27. China: Jiangsu Province: 3 males, Nanjing City, Niushou Mountain, 2013.IX.18. China: 8 males, 1931. VII.; 1 male, Ji���an City, Qingyuan Mountain, 2014.X.23; 2 males, Jiujiang County, 2012.IX.; 1 male, Longnan County, Jiulianshan Mountain, 2000. VII.24���30; 13 males, Nanchang County, Liantang Town, 1957. VII.19���VIII.10; 1 male, Shangrao Forest Park, 2011. VII.; 1 male, Wuning County, 1980. VIII.20; 1 male, Yongfeng County, 1979.IX.6. China: Sichuan Province: 1 female, Wenchuan County, Yingxiu Town, 1983.IX.15; 5 males, 2 females, Emeishan City, Fuhu Mountain, 1957.IX.; 1 female, Huagaoxi Nature Reserve, 2013. VIII.14; 1 male, 1 female, Shuangliu County, 1980.IX.7; China: Yunnan Province: 1 male, Jinping County, Ma���andi Township, 2013. VIII.20. China: Zhejiang Province: 2 males, Jinhua City, Pujiang County, 2014.X.12. Diagnosis. The species is distinguished from congeners by the short wide tegmen (see measurements in Tables 5���6). Bioacoustics. Within a song unit, low-amplitude beginning and ending phases consists of repeated simple syllables, high-amplitude climax is complex and composed of several repeated subunits. One subunit consists of 3 variable-amplitude syllables (Fig. 1 a���e). M. niponensis is is widely distributed in the subtropics of China (extending west-southward to Yunnan, northward to Henan), eastward to Korea and Japan., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Wang, Xue-Song, Yang, Zhen, Wu, Chao, Liu, Fei & Zhang, Tao, 2020, Taxonomy of a katydid genus Mecopoda Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Mecopodinae) from East Asia, pp. 296-310 in Zootaxa 4758 (2) on pages 302-303, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4758.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3734484

Mecopoda confracta sp. n. Liu (Figs 2 a–e; 4b; 5g; 6g) Holotype. male, CHINA: Yunnan, Mengla County, Wangtianshu Scenic Spot, 21.5998N 101.5869E, 2014.X., T ZHANG. Paratypes. 10 males, same data as in holotype; CHINA: Guangxi, 6 males, 1 female, Nanning City, Damingshan Scenic Spot, 23.3844N 108.5507E, 2014.X., C WU; 2 males, Longzhou City, Nonggang Nature Reserve, 2013. VII., YY WANG; Yunnan, 1 male, Mengla County, Menglun Botanic Garden, 21.9237N 101.2711E, 2014.X., T ZHANG; Yunnan, 3 males, Wenshan County, Maguan Village, 2017.X., C WU; 1 male (CH 7680), Jin Ping, 2014. IV., K-G HELLER & CX LIU; Ruili City, 2 males, 2 females, Botanic Garden,. 2013.IX.16, C WU; 4 males, Bangda Village, 1432m, 2014.III., XD YANG; Guangdong, Zhaoqing City, 1 male, Dinghushan Nature Reserve, 22.6722N 113.9738E, 2014.X.5, T ZHANG; 1 male, Heishiding Nature Reserve, 2014.X.2, T ZHANG. Diagnosis. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by basal teeth of the stridulatory file which are abruptly becoming smaller proximad (Fig. 5g). Bioacoustics. The song unit is only a simple chirp, made up of a few simple syllables (Fig. 2 a–d) (see song parameters in Table 3). Its song is very similar to the song type “Chirper“ that was described by Nityananda & Balakrishnan (2006), but different from the latter by the short interval between neighboring chirps. The relation between duration and period is 1: 2 in M. confracta sp. n. compared to 1: 4 in “Chirper”. The species “b1” is widely distributed in southern China (including Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guangdong). Etymology. The species name indicates that its song consists of broken chirps.

Mecopoda marmorata He, 2019 (Figs 1 s���u; 5f; 6f) Mecopoda marmorata He, 2019. In Liu et al., Zootaxa 4585(3):571 (Holotype, female, origin. Descript.; type locality: China, China South-central, Yunnan, Menglun; type depository: ECNU, Shanghai) Examined material. Topotype. 1 male (No. JF511), China: Yunnan Province: Mengla County: Menglun: Wangtianshu Scenic Spot, 21.5998N 101.5869E, 2014.X., T ZHANG. First description of male. The species M. marmorata is distinctly differentiated from other species in the species group ���a��� by comparatively few file teeth and comparatively large tooth density (see measurements in Tables 5���6). The calling song consists of continuous syllable-groups. Each syllable-group, with a regular period and duration (67.5ms), consists of 5 syllables with gradually decreasing amplitude (Fig. 1 s���t). The species is recorded to be distributed in South China (only including Yunnan)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Wang, Xue-Song, Yang, Zhen, Wu, Chao, Liu, Fei & Zhang, Tao, 2020, Taxonomy of a katydid genus Mecopoda Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Mecopodinae) from East Asia, pp. 296-310 in Zootaxa 4758 (2) on page 304, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4758.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3734484

Mecopoda tibetensis sp. nov. Liu (Figs 5f; 6f) Holotype. male, CHINA: Tibet, Motuo, Maniweng, 2006.VIII., CX Liu. Paratypes. CHINA: Tibet, Motuo, Urban District, 6 males, 2 females, 1084m, 2006.VIII.21, HB LIANG & M BAI; 10 males, 2015.VIII.16, HB LIANG, QT WU & ZZ HUANG; 1 males, Beibeng Village, 2015.VIII.21, HB LIANG & ZZ HUANG (IZCAS); 2 males, at light, 108K near Zamo Road, Qiaotou Hotel, 2015.VIII.23, J YAO & MQ WANG; 1 male, Maniweng, 2 males, Didong, 2006.VIII., CX Liu. Diagnosis. M. tibetensis is distinguished from M. himalaya by the comparatively long file and the comparatively wide right stridulatory apparatus (Figs 5f; 6f; Tables 5–6). The species is only distributed in low altitudes of Tibet. Etymology. The species name indicates its locality and distribution area.

Species group confracta Liu Diagnosis. The species group “b” category has mediate-width long tegmina, comparatively short files (Fig. 5 g–k) and the narrowest mirror (Fig. 6 g–k). The file is widest in basal quarter, from which teeth are gradually narrower toward both ends (Fig. 5 g–k). The songs are discontinuous and each song unit consists of numerous simple syllables (Figs 2a, f, k). Included taxa. Mecopoda confracta sp. n. (China), M. synconfracta sp. n. (China), Mecopoda _“S” (Figs 3 k–o, 5i, 6i; Malaysia) (Sismondo1990), Mecopoda sp. (Figs 5j, 6j; Vietnam), Mecopoda elongata elongata (Figs 5k, 6k; India), and Mecopoda _“N” (Bali) (Sismondo1990).

Mecopoda minor minor subsp. nov. Liu (Figs 3 a���g; 5l; 6l) Holotype. female, KOREA (BHNM). Paratypes. 1 male, Hongkong, 1938. III.12; China: Anhui Province: 1 male, Huangshan City, Pingdingshan, 2012.IX.; 5 males, Tongling City, 2012.IX.; 1 male, 1 female, Dongzhi County, 2012.IX.; China: Fujian Prov- ince: 1 female, Nanping City, Shangyang, 1963. VI.8; 1 female, Shaowu County, Chengguan, 1960. III.21; 3 males, 2 females, Shaxian County, 1980. VI.; China: Guangxi Province: 1 male, Wuming County, 1988. VIII.; 7 males, Quanzhou County, 2014.X.25; 19 males, Maoershan, Tongren Station, 2014.X.27; 3 males, Liuzhou City, Luzhai Mountain, 2014.X.30; 1 female, 1952.IV.1; 1 male, Fengshan County, 1980.IX.7; 6 males, 4 females, Guilin City, 1980.XI.; 3 males, Nanning City, Daming Mountain, 2013.IX.27; China: Zhejiang Province: 10 males, 5 females, Jinhua City, Pujiang County, 2014.X.12; 1 female, Zhoushan City, 1981. V.; 1 male, Hangzhou City, Gushan, 1935. VI.18. China: Hubei Province: 4 males, Jingmen City, Queji Village, 2012.X.; 6 males, Huanggang City, Qichun County, 2014.IX.26; China: Guizhou Province: 1 female, Meitan County 1974. VIII.; China: Hunan Province: 3 females, 1985. VIII.; 1 male, Huarong County, 1981. VIII.; 1 male, Cili County, 1988. VIII.; 1 female, Hengyang City, 1981. VIII.24; China: Jiangsu Province: 1 female, 1931. VIII.30; 3 males, Nanjing City, Niushou Mountain, 2013. IX.20; 1 male, 2 female, Shanghai City, 1931. VIII.���IX.; China: Jiangxi Province: 1 male, Jiujiang County, 2012. IX.; 1 female, 1985. VIII.; 7 males, Ji���an City, Qingyuan Mountain, 2014.X.23; 1 male, Lushan City, Luling Town, 2012.IX.; China: Guangdong Province: 2 males, Huizhou City, Nankunshan, 2012.IV.; 1 male, Shenzhen City, 2012. VI.; 1 male, Taiwan Province: Nantou County, Huisun Forest Farm, 2008. VIII.28; China: Henan Province: 1 male, Xinyang City, Liankang Mountain, 2014.IX.23; 1 female, Sichuan Province, 2009. V.19; 1 male, 1female, Chongqing City, 1940.IV.20. Diagnosis. The new nominate subspecies is distinguished by the minor body size, narrow file, and less number of teeth of file (see measurements in Tables 5���6). Notes. Walker (1869) described the species Decticus tenebrosus for one female specimen collected from Philippine Island in Mr. Cuming���s collection and one female specimen collected from Korea presented by Capt. Sir E. Belcher, which were deposited in BHNM, London. After examining types, we partly agreed with Storozhenko & Paik���s action (2007) that they designated the female specimen from Philippine Island as a lectotype of M. tenebrosus (Walker, 1869). Nonetheless, the latter Korean specimen differs from the Philippine specimen by the minor size, the tegminal shape, length and shape of ovipositor, and etc.. Those special features make it conspecific to the current subspecies. Distribution. Japan, Korea, Central China, and South China except Yunnan Province (Fig. 14). Etymology. The subspecies name indicates its minor body size., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Wang, Xue-Song, Yang, Zhen, Wu, Chao, Liu, Fei & Zhang, Tao, 2020, Taxonomy of a katydid genus Mecopoda Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Mecopodinae) from East Asia, pp. 296-310 in Zootaxa 4758 (2) on pages 306-308, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4758.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3734484, {"references":["Sismondo, E. (1990) Synchronous, alternating, and phase-locked stridulation by a tropical katydid. Science, 249, 55 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 249.4964.55","Walker, F. (1869) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum. Vol. 2. Printed for the Trustees of the British Museum, London, 198 pp. [pp. 226 - 423, pp. 262 - 265]"]}

Mecopoda Serville, 1831 Mecopoda Serville, 1831. Ann. Sci. nat. 22(86):154. Lucera Walker, 1869. Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum 2:265; Kirby, 1906. A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera (Orthoptera Saltatoria, Locustidae vel Acridiidae) 2:363 (syn.) Type species: Mecopoda maculata Serville, 1831, by original monotypy. Lucera bicoloripes Walker, 1869; nomen dubium under Mecopoda Locusta longipes Thunberg, 1815; nomen dubium under Mecopoda Decticus pallidus Walker 1869; nomen dubium under Mecopoda Generic characters. Diagnostic characters. Large-sized (Fig. 4). Fastigium of vertex widened anteriorly. Head sulcate, with or without transverse lateral apices. Disc of pronotum flat, with truncate anterior and obtusely angular posterior margins, and distinct lateral carina. Tegmina surpassing apices of posterior femur. Prosternum bispinose. Male cerci with incurved apices. Male subgenital plate elongate, with styli and distinct apical notch. Ovipositor robust, elongate, sword-like. Table 2. Song parameters for the species (and its populations) within the species group niponensis duration of a 3- period of a 3- Temper number of analzed duration of a song period of a song species variable-syllable variable-syllable ature [�� Locality references song unit unit [s] unit [s] subunit [s] subunit [s] C] 0.081�� 0.0031 0.081 ��0.0031 M. niponensis 1 Korea this study (0.064 -0.085) (0.064 -0.085) 15.03��2.97 (10.55- 15.03��2.97 (10.55- 0.097�� 0.024 0.111 ��0.004 M. niponensis 16 24 Fuyang, Anhui this study 19.9) 19.9) (0.093 -0.102) (0.102 -0.119) 16.68��1.72(14.31- 16.68��1.72 (14.31- 0.123�� 0.002 0.134 ��0.002 Liankangshan, M. niponensis 20 23 this study 20.3) 20.3) (0.119 -0.131) (0.130 -0.143) Henan 17.42��1.47 (15.4- 17.42��1.47 (15.4- 0.103�� 0.001 0.109 ��0.001 M. niponensis 22 22 Shaowu, Fujian this study 21) 21) (0.102 -0.105) (0.107 -0.112) 15.7��1.33 (15.7- 15.7��1.33 (15.7- 0.119�� 0.003 0.133 ��0.003 M. niponensis 5 ca.22 Tongling, Anhui this study 19.1) 19.1) (0.113 -0.125) (0.129 -0.144) 11.55��1.66 (9.75- 11.55��1.66 (9.75- 0.077�� 0.0014 0.084 ��0.0016 M. niponensis 26 ca.25 Qichun, Hubei this study 15.8) 15.8) (0.075 -0.080) (0.081 -0.089) 18.57��0.91 (17.5- 18.57��0.91 (17.5- 0.132�� 0.00095 0.132 ��0.00095 M. niponensis 8 22 Jinhua, Zhejiang this study 20) 20) (0.129 -0.135) (0.129 -0.135) 11.72��1.73 (9.6- 11.72��1.73 (9.6- 0.103�� 0.00275 0.103 ��0.00275 Qingyuanshan, M. niponensis 10 ca.25 this study 15.7) 15.7) (0.096 -0.115) (0.096 -0.115) Jiangxi 11.71��0.53 (10.85- 11.71��0.53 (10.85- 0.095�� 0.00285 0.095 ��0.00285 M. niponensis 10 ca.25 Tongren, Guangxi this study 12.7) 12.7) (0.090 -0.104) (0.090 -0.104) 10.70��1.11 (8.8- 10.70��1.11 (8.8- 0.0798�� 0.00618 0.0798 ��0.00618 M. niponensis 26 ca.25 Hunan this study 14.6) 14.6) (0.056 -0.086) (0.056 -0.086) Temper number of analzed duration of a song period of a song duration of a period of a syllable song type ature [�� Locality references song unit unit [s] unit [s] syllable [s] [s] C] 0.3484�� 0.00955 0.3484 �� 0.00955 0.0269 �� 0.00099 0.027 ��0.00097 Heishiding, M. fallax 42 ca. 26 this study (0.326-0.37) (0.326-0.37) (0.0254 -0.0292) (0.0258 -0.0297) Guangdong 0.7564�� 0.04039 0.7564 �� 0.04039 0.0287 �� 0.00085 0.0293 ��0.00087 Wuzhishan, M. fallax 35 ca.24 this study (0.615 -0.805) (0.615 -0.805) (0.0265 -0.0302) (0.027 -0.0308) Hainan 0.3207�� 0.01422 0.3207 �� 0.01422 0.0222 �� 0.00094 0.0229 ��0.00110 ca.27- Damingshan, M. fallax 115 this study (0.283 -0.352) (0.283 -0.352) (0.0208 -0.0247) (0.0212 -0.0252) 29 Guangxi 0.5763�� 0.03258 0.5763 �� 0.03258 0.0268 �� 0.00087 0.0268 ��0.00087 M. fallax 66 26 Maguan, Yunnan this study (0.520-0.71) (0.520-0.71) (0.0245 -0.0288) (0.0245 -0.0288) Liu et al. M. fallax 0.572��0.004 24 Delong, Yunnan 2019 4.4823�� 0.03122 4.6485 �� 0.0497 0.0341 �� 0.00055 0.0341 ��0.00055 Wangtianshu, M. crescendo 6 ca.25 this study (4.434 -4.513) (4.559 -4.6998) (0.0265 -0.0473) (0.0265 -0.0473) Yunnan 2.969�� 0.09986 3.963 ��0.1247 Wangtianshu, M. crescendo 22 ca.27 this study (2.685 -3.099) (3.675 -4.253) Yunnan 0.0419�� 0.00052 0.0419 ��0.00052 Mengping, M. himalaya ca.22 this study (0.0401 -0.0433) (0.0401 -0.0433) Yunnan 0.068�� 0.0006 0.068 ��0.0006 Wangtianshu, M. marmorata 100 ca.25 this study (0.065 -0.068) (0.065 -0.068) Yunnan \ Notes. The numbers in brackets indicates values' range. Redescription. Head. Fastigium of vertex is widely truncated and 1.5���3 times wider than scapus. Thorax. Pronotum is elongated and broadened backward. Male pronotum is narrowest in the beginning of prozona, broadened backward after the first transverse sulcus. Disc of pronotum is flat with the exception of distinct depression around the sulcus. Legs are robust and long. Anterior coxa is armed with a spine. Anterior femur is longer than pronotum. Anterior and median femora possess indistinct tiny spines on ventro-anterior margin; posterior femora possess a few small spines near apex on ventro-posterior margin. Each tibia possesses fine spines on each margin. Tymapana on the fore tibiae is fully open on both sides, widened at and abruptly constricted below tympana. Female pronotum resembles that of male in general, but is less broadened backward especially in the ending of metazona. Wings. Male tegmina are well developed, extending beyond abdominal apex and surpassing apex of hind femur. The number of stridulatory teeth varies between 64 and 122 at the species level (Table 4; Fig. 5). The lowest number is observed in M. marmorata He while the highest in M. minor yunnanensis. Female tegmina are also well developed and extend beyond apex of abdomen, but are distinguished from male tegmina by the length and shape. Table 3. Song parameters for the species (and its populations) within the species group confracta number of number of duration of a period of a duration of a period of a Temperatur data song type syllables in a chirp in a Locality song unit [s] song unit [s] single chirp [s] single chirp [s] e [��C] sourse chirp song unit 0.216�� 0.0065 0.443 ��0.0090 Damingshan, B1 1 ca.27 this study (0.195 -0.222) (0.421 -0.459) 9 Guangxi 0.207�� 0.0214 0.461 ��0.0249 Dinghushan, M. confracta 1 ca.27 this study (0.161 -0.266) (0.414 -0.555) 7 Guangxi 0.182�� 0.0107 0.445 ��0.0091 Heishiding, M. confracta 1 ca.26 this study (0.149 -0.199) (0.414 -0.466) 8 Guangdong 0.261�� 0.0127 0.509 ��0.0280 Maguan, M. confracta 1 ca.26 this study (0.223 -0.277) (0.448 -0.577) 11 Yunnan 0.268�� 0.0095 0.562 ��0.0123 Menglun, M. confracta 1 ca.27 this study (0.248 -0.283) (0.535 -0.593) 12 Yunnan 0.228�� 0.0167 0.315 ��0.0094 Menglun, M. confracta 1 ca.28 this study (0.195 -0.272) (0.282 -0.349) 6 Yunnan 0.325�� 0.0055 0.325 ��0.0055 Menglun, M. confracta 1 ca.28 this study (0.318 -0.350) (0.318 -0.350) 6 Yunnan 6.110�� 0.365 12.895 �� 0.998 0.0503 �� 0.0017 0.182 �� 0.0194 35��3 (31- Tiandong, M. synconfracta 24 this study (5.67-6.6) (11.9-13.89) (0.047 -0.054) (0.159 -0.221) 2 38) Guangxi 6.392�� 0.051�� 0.0040 0.161 ��0.0048 39.5��0.5 Jianfengling, M. synconfracta ca.25 this study 0.0735(6.32- 14.75 (0.039 -0.057) (0.153 -0.180) 2 (39-40) Hainan 5.963��0.5625 20.25��4.75 0.0547�� 0.00213 0.185 ��0.0094 31.5��4.5 Liuzhou, M. synconfracta 22 this study (5.4-6.525) (15.5-25) (0.0505 -0.0579) (0.172 -0.203) 2 (27-36) Guangxi 6.383�� 11.029�� 0.0796�� 0.0036 0.113 ��0.0260 55.67��2.58 M. synconfracta 20 Shenzhen this study 0.31630 0.33595 (0.0626 -0.0832) (0.090 -0.202) 2 (51-60) 0.5176�� 0.04196 3.185 ��0.0318 14.06��0.539(13- Southeastern Mecopoda _"S" 1 ca. 20 this study (0.4475 -0.610) (3.125-3.26) 15) Asia " M. elongata Guangzhou, Liu et al. 1 20 elongata "? 5.98��0.17 ~18.57 36 Guangdong 2019 Notes. The numbers in brackets indicates values range. " M.elongata elongata " (Liu et al. 2019) is questionable. Table 4. Song parameters for the species (and its populations) within the species group minor Temperature (sub)species chirp segment trill segment Locality references [��C] duration of a period of a number duration of a period of a single chirp single chirp [s] of chirps syllable [s] syllable [s] 0.209�� 0.0236 0.696 �� 0.1009 0.0158 �� 0.00230 0.0246 ��0.0024 M. m. minor 27 28 Japan this study (0.169 -0.247) (0.297 -0.827) (0.0110 -0.0204) (0.0175 -0.119) 0.412�� 0.0197 1.193 �� 0.0741 0.0350 �� 0.00264 0.0350 ��0.00264 M. m. minor 23 22 Jingmen, Hubei this study (0.377 -0.449) (1.025 -1.352) (0.0314 -0.0390) (0.0314 -0.0390) 0.0353�� 0.00344 0.0353 ��0.00344 M. m. minor - - - 22 Jinhua, Zhejiang this study (0.0298 -0.0403) (0.0298 -0.0403) 0.0429�� 0.00334 0.0429 ��0.00334 Qingyuanshan, M. m. minor - - - ca.21 this study (0.0356 -0.0493) (0.0356 -0.0493) Jiangxi 0.0389�� 0.00055 0.0389 ��0.00055 Tongren, M. m. minor - - - 24 this study (0.0376 -0.0403) (0.0376 -0.0403) Guangxi 0.0367�� 0.00076 0.0367 ��0.00076 Damingshan, M. m. minor - - - ca.23 this study (0.0390 -0.0350) (0.0390 -0.0350) Guangxi 0.05078�� 0.05078��0.00139 Zhaoqing, M. m. minor - - - 0.00139 ca.20 this study (0.0477 -0.0569) Guangdong (0.0477 -0.0569) 0.0887�� 0.00730 0.0887 ��0.00730 Yuanmou, M. m. yunnana - - - ca.18 this study (0.0797 -0.1038) (0.0797 -0.1038) Yunnan 0.1311�� 0.00817 0.1311 ��0.00817 chengjiang, M. m. yunnana - - - 14 this study (0.1204 -0.1881) (0.1204 -0.1881) Yunnan Wuzhishan, Liu et al. M. hainanensis 0.66��0.03 1.54 0.136��0.001 26 Hainan 2019 Notes. The numbers in brackets indicates values' range. The dash indicates that data were not analyzed. Distribution. The species of the genus Mecopoda are distributed mainly over Oriental Region and a few areas in Palearctic (Korea and Japan). They were also reported in Pakistan (Panhwar et al. 2016) and Micronesia (Vickery et al. 1999). Notes. The types of other three names within the genus Mecopoda in East Asia have also been exmamined besides Locusta (Mecopoda) niponensis, as well as the sole female nymph type of Decticus pallidus Walker, 1869 in India. These types were kept in British Museum (Natural History), London, except that the type of Locusta longipes Thunberg, 1815, which was kept in Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Sweden. The sole male nymph type of Locusta longipes could be possibly collected from Japan through guessing from Thunberg���s travel history, for its collection labels were missing. The sole male nymph type of Lucera bicoloripes Walker, 1869 was collected from Macao in China. One lectotype of Decticus tenebrosus Walker, 1869 was established for one Philippine female adult and another paralectotype was established for one Korean female adult. The nymph types cannot be identified to species level, therefore, the three species Decticus pallidus, Locusta longipes, and Lucera bicoloripes, should be considered as nomina dubia under Mecopoda. Concerning the species Decticus tenebrosus, the Korean female paralectotype can be distinguished from the Philippine female lectotype by the smaller body, tegminal structure and shape. And then here based on the Korean female paralectotype, we erected one new species M. minor minor sp. nov.., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Wang, Xue-Song, Yang, Zhen, Wu, Chao, Liu, Fei & Zhang, Tao, 2020, Taxonomy of a katydid genus Mecopoda Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Mecopodinae) from East Asia, pp. 296-310 in Zootaxa 4758 (2) on pages 297-301, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4758.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3734484, {"references":["Serville, J. G. A. (1831) Revue methodique des insectes de l'ordre des Orthopteres. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 22, 28 - 65 + 134 - 167 + 262 - 292.","Walker, F. (1869) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum. Vol. 2. Printed for the Trustees of the British Museum, London, 198 pp. [pp. 226 - 423, pp. 262 - 265]","Thunberg, C. P. (1815) Hemipterorum maxillosorum genera illustrata plurimisque novis speciebus ditata ac descripta. Memoires de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, 5, 211 - 301.","Liu, Y-F., Shen, C-Z., Gong, P., Zhang, L. & He, Z-Q. (2019) Three new species of genus Mecopoda Serville, 1831 from China (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Mecopodinae). Zootaxa, 4585 (3), 561 - 572. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4585.3.10","Sismondo, E. (1990) Synchronous, alternating, and phase-locked stridulation by a tropical katydid. Science, 249, 55 - 58. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 249.4964.55","Panhwar, W. A., Sultana, R., Wagan, M. S. & Khatri, I. (2016) New records of Mecopodinae (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea: Tettigoniidae) from Pakistan. Arquivos Entomoloxicos, 15, 269 - 274.","Vickery, V. R., Kevan, D. K. M. & English, M. - L. (1999) Insects of Micronesia. Vol. 5. No. 4. Gryllacridoidea, Rhaphidophorioidea and Tettigonioidea (Grylloptera). Micronesica, 32 (1), 11 - 83."]}

Mecopoda minor sp. nov. Liu (Figs 3 a–k; 5l–m; 6l–m) Diagnosis. The species possesses the narrowest tegmina and smallest body size (see measurements in Tables 5–6). See detailed information in M. m. minor subsp. nov..

Mecopoda fallax He, 2019 (Figs 1 f���j; 5b; 6b) Mecopoda fallax He, 2019. In Liu et al., Zootaxa 4585(3):571 (Holotype, male, origin. Descript.; type locality: China, China South-central, Yunnan, Mangshi; type depository: ECNU) Examined material. China: Guangxi Province: 8 males, Nanning City, Daming Mountain, 2013.IX.28; 1 male, 1 female, Longzhou County, Nonggang, 2012.VII.; 12 males, 3 females, China: Hainan Province: Shuiman Township, Wuzhishan Mountain, 2014.X.16; 9 males, 3 females, Yunnan Province: Wenshan Prefecture, Malipo, 2014.XI.14. Diagnosis. The species is distinguished from M. niponensis by the comparatively long wide tegmen (see measurements in Tables 5���6). Bioacoustics. The species differs from M. niponensis by the much shorter period of a single song unit, and that three phases are made up of repeated simple syllables (see song parameters in Table 2). The species is widely distributed in South and southwestern China (only including Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan and Yunnan)., Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Wang, Xue-Song, Yang, Zhen, Wu, Chao, Liu, Fei & Zhang, Tao, 2020, Taxonomy of a katydid genus Mecopoda Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Mecopodinae) from East Asia, pp. 296-310 in Zootaxa 4758 (2) on page 303, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4758.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3734484

Mecopoda hainanensis He, 2019 Mecopoda hainanensis He, 2019. In Liu et al. Zootaxa 4585(3):568 (Holotype, male, origin. Descript.; type locality: China, Hainan, Changjiang; type depository: ECNU, Shanghai), Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Wang, Xue-Song, Yang, Zhen, Wu, Chao, Liu, Fei & Zhang, Tao, 2020, Taxonomy of a katydid genus Mecopoda Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Mecopodinae) from East Asia, pp. 296-310 in Zootaxa 4758 (2) on page 306, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4758.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3734484

Hvar Saw Bush-cricket Barbitistes kaltenbachi Harz, 1965 (Phaneropterinae: Barbitistini) and Lesina Bush-cricket Rhacocleis buchichii Brunner von Wattenwyl in Herman 1874 (Tettigoniinae: Platycleidini) are flightless orthopterans restricted to a narrow area in the Mediterranean part of Croatia, both originally described from Hvar Island. In this study, all available information on these two interesting species is presented: data on morphology, bioacoustics, distribution, habitat, and a key to identification of the species belonging to genera Barbitistes and Rhacocleis in Croatia. The songs of both B. kaltenbachi and R. buchichii are described here for the first time, with the former one being the second known example of a synchronising and presumably duetting species. Both species were reassessed according to the IUCN Red List criteria, where B. kaltenbachi should be considered an endangered species, while R. buchichii is suggested to be downgraded to a less threatened category. Biogeography and evolution of the species are briefly discussed.

Horatosphaga scalata n. sp. Hemp C. (Figs. 8–9, 10 A, 11, 18–20) Holotype. Male. Tanzania, Bahi District, Dodoma Region, East Chenene Forest Reserve, grasslands around antenna masts, 1500 m, March 2018. Paratypes 3 males, same data as holotype and March 2017. 3 males, Miloe near Gulwe, Mpwapwa District, Dodoma Region, grassy clearing in Miombo woodlands on small hill, 1000 m, March 2018. Depository: Collection C. Hemp. Description. Male. Color green, with legs dark and creamy striped. On head and pronotum dark median fascia (Fig. 8, 9 A–C). Head and antennae: Antennae long and thick, of reddish colour. Fastigium verticis consisting of two bulges, a deep gap between the bulges and another large gap to the conical fastigium of the face. Tegmina and wings. Tegmina longer than twice the body length; tips of alae green, surpassing tegmina; around stridulatory area of left tegmen light brown marking (Fig. 8; Fig. 11 C). Anterior medial area of the tegmina broadened in the middle, its crossveins strongly arched towards the wing tip. Also costal area broad with regularly arranged crossveins arching towards the tip. Stridulatory file as in Fig. 10, consisting of two parts, parted by gap. Inner part with large, densely set teeth, outer part with smaller, more widely set teeth. With small mirror on right wing (Fig. 11 C). Legs. Tympanic auricles conchate, strongly inflated (Fig. 8, Fig. 9 C, Fig. 11 D). Fore and mid femora with ventral double row of irregular set spines, hind femora unarmed or almost so; tibiae quadratic in diameter, fore and hind tibiae with four rows of densely set spines, mid tibiae only with double row of ventral spines, dorsally unarmed. Abdomen. 10 th abdominal tergite unmodified with almost straight posterior margin. Cerci thick and round, tips sclerotized and inwardly curved (Fig. 11 A). Subgenital plate elongated, with two short lateral processes (Fig. 11 B). Female. Unknown. Measurements, males (mm) (N=6). Total length of body 18.2–21.1; Median length of pronotum 5.4–6.7; Length of hind femur 33.4–34.1; Length of elytra 35.8–39.7. Diagnosis. Horatosphaga scalata n. sp. belongs to a group of species with an unmodified tenth abdominal tergite and is thus distinguished from species with an enlarged or otherwise modified 10 th abdominal tergite such as H. parensis Hemp, 2002, H. elgonensis (Chopard, 1838), H. ruspolii (Schulthess, 1898), H. diminuta (Chopard, 1954), H. vicina (Chopard, 1954), H. inclusa (Karsch, 1893), H. crosskeyi Ragge, 1960 and H. laticerca n. sp. In habitus and venation similar species are H. leggei (Kirby, 1909), H. serrifera Schaum, 1853 and H. magna Ragge, 1960. These species also have an enlarged medial area with crossveins symmetrical arranged and arched towards the tegminas’ tips, especially in H. leggei while in H. magna and H. serrifera these crossveins are only slightly or not arched. H. leggei and H. magna, however, have differently shaped posterior margins of the subgenital plates. In H. leggei the posterior margin of the subgenital plate is deeply u-shaped incised, while in H. magna lateral processes are developed (similar to H. scalata n. sp.) but the area between these processes is wavy with a shallow median incision, while in H. scalata n. sp. the margin is straight. H. magna is also much larger in body size and length and broadness of the tegmina than H. scalata n. sp. and is only known from northern Kenya and Ethiopia at present. Also H. serrifera is a species with broad tegmina and a medial area expanded with regularly set crossveins. But as in H. magna these veins are not strongly arched towards the tegmens tip but almost straight. The subgenital plate of H. serrifera is slightly incurved and does not form processes at its edges. Song. Only few series of echemes were heard from H. scalata n. sp. in the afternoon and evening. Within one series, the echemes (inter-echeme-intervals around 10 s) increased in duration and amplitude (last echeme of a series shown in Fig. 18). In the crescending first third of the echeme, the short syllables were produced at a rate of about 12 Hz. During the second and the final third the syllable rate was much lower (ca. 5–6 Hz at 21ºC) and the amplitude remained constant (Fig. 19). The echemes are thus much shorter und simpler than they are typically in the song of H. leggei (compare both species in Fig. 19; see also Heller et al. 2014). The peak of the carrier frequency was between 15 und 20 kHz (Fig. 20). Habitat. Grasslands and clearings in Miombo woodlands. Distribution. Central Tanzania, Dodoma Region. Etymology. From Latin: - scala, ladder, since the veins in the medial area of the tegmina are ladder-like arranged., Published as part of Hemp, Claudia & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Orthoptera (Tettigoniidae and Acridoidea) from Miombo woodlands of Central Tanzania with the description of new taxa, pp. 151-194 in Zootaxa 4671 (2) on pages 161-163, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3442218, {"references":["Heller, K. - G., Hemp, C., Liu, C. X. & Volleth, M. (2014) Taxonomic, bioacoustic and faunistic data on a collection of Tettigonioidea from Eastern Congo (Insecta: Orthoptera). Zootaxa, 3785 (3), 343 - 376. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3785.3.2"]}

Peronura wottae n. sp. Hemp C. (Figs. 12 –14,18–20) Holotype. Male. Tanzania, Mpwapwa Plateau, Mpwapwa District, Dodoma Region, in the herb layer along forest edge and on clearings, 1840 m, March 2017. Paratypes 5 males, 6 females, same data as holotype. Depository: Collection C. Hemp. Description. Male. Color dark green, dorsal part of pronotum with brown fascia. Behind eyes lateral yellow lines start running along lower margins of pronotal lobes (Fig. 12 A, C). Head and antennae. Antennae thick, more than three times the length of body. Cuticle of head smooth, fastigium of vertex a narrow sulcate ridge. Eyes small, almost round. Thorax. Pronotum without lateral carinae; surface a mix of small wrinkles and shallow warts. Tegmina and wings. Tegmina surpassing body, comparatively narrow with evenly curved apices. Conspicuous white line where tegmina meet when folded (Fig. 12 B). With reduced venation as typical for genus. Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen with two parts: inner part with widely spaced teeth separated by gap. Outer part with few large teeth (Fig. 13 D). Alae reduced, hidden under tegmina, about 2,5 mm long. Legs. Tympanic auricles of fore tibiae conchate, not inflated. As typical for the genus, all femora with shining black wart-like spines; fore and mid femora with double row of 4–5 irregular set spines, hind femora with double row of 5–6 spines. Tibiae quadrangular in diameter, with four rows of small black spines of normal shape getting denser to the apex, especially on the hind tibiae. Abdomen. 10 th abdominal tergite enlarged and produced posteriorly, flap-like with sulcus in middle. In preserved specimens flap misshapen (Fig. 13 B), the sulcus only visible in living specimen (Fig. 13 A). Subgenital plate as in Fig. 13 B and C, elongated and up-curved forming two shallow lobes at posterior margin. Female. Similar to male, more plump, sexual dimorphism small. Ovipositor as in Fig. 14 A. Subgenital plate with broad base, tri-angular, at posterior margin roundly incurved (Fig. 14 B). Measurements, males (mm) (N=4). Total length of body 19.4–24.1; Median length of pronotum 5.3–5.9; Length of hind femur 23.4–24.6; Length of elytra 18.0–19.9. Measurements, females (mm) (N=4). Total length of body 22.4–25.9; Median length of pronotum 5.7–6.0; Length of hind femur 22.7–23.9; Length of elytra 22.1–23.5. Length of ovipositor 11.8–13.0 Diagnosis. The genus Peronura currently contains 4 species all similar in habitus except for P. clavigera Karsch, 1889 which has lobe-like reduced tegmina while all other Peronura species including P. wottae n. sp. have tegmina at least reaching the tip of the abdomen in males while females usually have shorter tegmina not reaching the tip of the abdomen. Males of P. wottae n. sp. may easily be distinguished by their modified 10 th tergite being enlarged and posteriorly produced while all other Peronura species have unmodified 10 th tergites with an evenly incurved posterior margin. Females of Peronura morphologically resemble some Horatosphaga females but may be distinguished by the pitch-black shining wart-like spines on the ventral side of the femora. One generic character for Peronura are tubercles at the base of the ovipositor in females. However, these tubercles are only well-expressed in P. clavigera while their are very small to obsolete in the other species including P. wottae n. sp. and do not serve as good distinguishing character from females of other similar genera. The subgenital plates of species of Peronura females are broad with a conspicuous median ridge and more or less wide lateral “wings” while in P. wottae n. sp. females have a broad-based subgenital plate without a median ridge, at its posterior margin in-curved and can thus well distinguished from other female Peronura species. However, except for P. clavigera being a wide-spread species in East Africa (but at present not recorded for Central Tanzania), all other species are restricted to respective mountainous areas— P. hildebrandtiana Karsch, 1889 to the Taita Hills in southern Kenya, P. uguenoensis Hemp, 2002 to the North and South Pare Mountains in northern Tanzania and P. usambarica Hemp, 2018 to the East Usambara Mountains near the Tanzanian Coast while P. wottae n. sp. very likely is restricted to the Mpwapwa District of Tanzania. Song. Peronura wottae n. sp. males produced echemes with durations of about 10–13 seconds (40–50 syllables; 3 specimens recorded). During the first half of an echeme the amplitude increased, at first slowly, than faster, and remained more or less constant in the second half (Fig. 18). The syllable repetition rate varied a little bit within an echeme around a mean of 4.2 Hz (4.0–4.5 Hz; n=11; Fig 19). The echemes have about the same length as in Peronura clavigera (Hemp, in prep.) but are longer than in Peronura usambarica (Hemp et al. 2018) and the syllables are produced at a lower rate than in these two species. The spectrum showed a peak between 10 and 15 kHz (Fig. 20). Habitat. In herb vegetation along forest edges and on clearings in montane forest. Distribution. Central Tanzania, Dodoma Region. Conservation status. Species restricted on the Mpwapwa plateau (Wotta and Lugunga Forest Reserves) are very likely Endangered or Critically Endangered since these forest reserves are heavily influenced by illegal cutting and especially lifestock grazing degrading and reducing forest cover constantly. P. wottae n. sp. must therefore regarded as Critically Endangered since only known from Wotta Forest Reserve at present. Etymology. Named after Wotta Forest Reserve where this new Peronura species was collected., Published as part of Hemp, Claudia & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Orthoptera (Tettigoniidae and Acridoidea) from Miombo woodlands of Central Tanzania with the description of new taxa, pp. 151-194 in Zootaxa 4671 (2) on pages 165-167, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3442218, {"references":["Hemp, C., Heller, K. - G., Warchalowska-Sliwa, E., Grzywacz, B. & Hemp, A. (2018) New genera and new species of Acrometopini (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea Phaneropterinae) from East Africa and a review of all known stridulatory organs, songs and karyotypes of the tribe. Insect Systematics & Evolution, 49, 241 - 298. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 1876312 X- 00002170"]}

Melidia adfinia n. sp. Hemp C. (Fig. 35 A, 36 D, 37 A, 39 G, H) Holotype. Male. Miombo woodlands on hill near Gulwe, Mpwapwa District, Dodoma Region, in herb vegetation along forest edge, 1000 m, March 2018. Paratypes. 2 males, 4 females, same data as holotype. 1 male, Changalawe Hill, Miombo woodlands, nr road A104, in herb vegetation, March 2015. Depository: Collection C. Hemp. Description. Male. General colour as for genus, predominantly green with dark brown marking around stridulatory area. Antennae and head. Fastigium typical for genus. Antenna little longer than body length, thin and whitish. Eyes oval, prominent. Pronotum and thorax. Pronotum without lateral carinae, surface smooth and matt. Posterior margin slightly incurved, posterior margin also incurved with lateral edges elevated. Stridulatory file divided into two parts; part at inner side of tegmen with few broad large teeth, parted from proximal part by gap. Remaining stridulatory file with numerous fine teeth decreasing gradually in size, about 2.2 mm long and slightly curved along length (Fig. 36 D). On right tegmen comparatively large and almost round mirror (Fig. 30 A). Abdomen and legs. Fore coxae with small and straight spine. Fore and mid femora with 1–2 ventral spinules near joint of tibiae. Hind femora with 1–4 ventral spinules near apex. Fore and mid tibiae with pair of spurs and few small spinules along length. Hind tibiae almost tri-angular in diameter, with 3–4 rows of of spinules along length; apices with each three tiny spurs at each side. Veins Sc and R separate from base, running almost in parallel and diverging only at their very ends. Male tenth abdominal tergite broad, produced posteriorly and down-curved (Fig. 38 G). Cerci elongated, round till about midway, then abruptly inwardly curved, forming a three-ridged laterally compressed structure (Fig. 38 G). Male subgenital plate elongated, posterior half to third deeply divided and forming two lobes (Fig. 38 H), without styli. Female. Similar to male but stouter. Most female specimens with number of small tiny black dots on tegmina (Fig. 35 A). On each tegmen brown marking at base and one small brown patch at inner margin at about half length of tegmen. The brown patch midway on the tegmina is lacking in males. Subgenital plate laterally elongated sheathing the ovipositor (Fig. 39 A). Ovipositor comparatively short, strongly up-curved, with fine teeth. Measurements, males (mm) (N=3). Total length of body 16.4–17.2; Median length of pronotum 2.8–3.0; Length of hind femur 14.0–16.1; Length of elytra 20.7–22.3. Measurements, females (mm) (N=5). Total length of body 15.6–16.8; Median length of pronotum 3.5–3.7; Length of hind femur 16.1–18.3; Length of elytra 22.4–25.6; Length of ovipositor 7.0–7.2. Diagnosis. From their outer appearance Melidia species are quite similar. Differences are found in the length of the subgenital plate and how deeply it is lobed (compare Figs. 38 B, D, F and H), in the length and shape of the male cerci (compare Fig. 38. A, C, E and G) and the l0 th abdominal tergite. The male of M. kenyensis is not known. The 10 th abdominal tergites in M. claudiae, M. brunneri and M. laminata are almost square with a more or less straight posterior margin that is slightly down-curved. In M. adfinia n. sp. the posterior margin is more produced and more strongly down-curved than in the other species. The cerci of M. adfinia n. sp. are abruptly inwardly curved forming a three-ridged lance, the cerci of the other species are continuous and not differentiated into two morphologically differently shaped parts. M. adfinia n. sp. also has a completely different stridulatory file not found in any other Melidia species. While in M. laminata the stridulatory file consists of few, large and widely spaced teeth (Fig. 36 A, B; note the differences of the specimen from Wajir, Kenya, the area from which the species was described, and the specimen coming from around Kilimanjaro), in M. brunneri from Mahonaland, Salisbury, southern Africa (Fig. 36 C) the inner part of the file consists of small teeth while the other half of the file consists of large, widely set teeth. In M. adfinia n. sp. the inner part of the stridulatory file consists of few large and widely set teeth while the other part has tiny, very densely set teeth, both parts are separated by a gap (Fig. 36 D). Females of all known species have differently shaped subgenital plates (Fig. 39 and 40). M. adfinia n. sp. is the only species with a deeply divided subgenital plate, sheathing the ovipositor (Fig. 39 A). The subgenital plate of M. kenyensis has a cushion-like appearance (Fig. 39 B) while in M. brunneri two broad, leaf-like lobes are formed. There are slight morphological differences between female specimens of M. laminata coming from central and north-east Kenya (lacking lateral flanges, arrow in Fig. 39 C) while the subgenital plate of specimens from northern Tanzania are broad with two lateral well developed flanges (arrow in Fig. 39 D). Acoustical and molecular studies have to be conducted to clarify the status of M. laminata populations from Kenya and Tanzania. Habitat. Herbaceous vegetation along the edges and on clearings of Miombo woodlands. Distribution. Central Tanzania, Dodoma Region. Etymology. From Latin— adfinia; related, since this new species resembles M. laminata from its general appearance., Published as part of Hemp, Claudia & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Orthoptera (Tettigoniidae and Acridoidea) from Miombo woodlands of Central Tanzania with the description of new taxa, pp. 151-194 in Zootaxa 4671 (2) on pages 182-184, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3442218

Mimoscudderia longicaudata n. sp. Heller & Kri��t��n (Fig. 9���10) Holotype ♀, MADAGASCAR, Zombitse, 810 m a.s.l., - 22.886195�� S, 44.691791��, 11 iii 2015, leg. A. Kri��t��n, CH8602 (MfN). Specimen in bad condition, without any legs except for one mid leg. Description. Female. Colour. Green, scapus, pedicellus and flagellum of antennae black, eyes with black horizontal stripe, posterior margin of pronotum laterally with black markings, tegmina with many black spots, their base brown (Figs 9 A, B). Fastigium of vertex narrow, furrowed above, clearly separated by fastigium of frons (Fig. 10A). Eyes round, well projecting, with weak fronto-genal carinae below them. Legs comparatively long. Fore tibiae slightly widening above tympana, which are open at least on inner side. Pronotum narrowing anteriorly, flat above, anterior margin very slightly convex, posterior margin widely rounded, humeral sinus evident, lobes of pronotum wider than high, anterior margin straight, posterior rounded (Fig. 10B, C). Tegmina comparatively narrow with rounded apices. Hind wings a little bit longer than tegmina. Ovipositor in comparison to other species of this genus unusually long, surpassing hind femora and wings, slightly curved, in the distal half edges very finely serrated (Fig 9, 10D). Diagnosis. This taxon is tentatively placed within the genus Mimoscudderia. Differences from it are seen mostly in the shape of the pronotum and in the shape the eye which is rounded (as it is in the also tentatively placed M. paulyi). Differences to all known Mimoscudderia species are found in the length of the ovipositor (20 mm vs 6��� 9 mm in the others) and the green head with black antennae unknown in any other species. The species has also shorter tegmina than the other Mimoscudderia species (30 mm vs 34���45). Measurements (in mm). Female. Body length: 22; length of pronotum: 5.8; height of pronotum: 4.0; length of tegmina: 30; width of tegmina: 6.3; length of hind wings 32.5; length of hind femora 28 (calculated from photos with length of tegmina as reference); length of ovipositor 20.5. Etymology. The name longicaudata refers to the length of ovipositor. Using the key in Heller et al. (2018) for this specimen, one ends up with an alternative because the holotype is without fore legs: Parapyrrhicia (dorsal side of fore tibia rounded) or Mimoscudderia (dorsal side of fore tibia flat or furrowed). We decided to place it tentatively in Mimoscudderia, because its legs are longer than in all Parapyrrhicia (and M. spinicercata; Table 3) and coloration and shape of ovipositor are similar to some Mimoscudderia. In the shape of the pronotum, however, it is more similar to Parapyrrhicia (at most to P. longipodex) and quite different from most Mimoscudderia. Habitat. Ecoton of dry forest with bush and a sparse herbal layer at the periphery of Zombitse���Vohibasia National Park. Among endemic plants there are represented the families Euphorbiaceae, Acanthaceae (Crossandra stenandrium), Apocynaceae, Didieraceae, orchids (just flowering e.g. Aeranthes sp., Habenaria tianae, Polystachya cf. aurantiaca), in the tree layer are characteristic the baobabs Adansonia za, A. grandidieri, A rubrostipa. Naturalized plant species are e.g. the genera Acacia, Aloe, Ficus and Pandanus. and Massa 2017b, c, Ragge 1980)., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia, Massa, Bruno, Rakotondranary, Jacques & Kri��t��n, Anton, 2019, Notes on a small collection of phaneropterine bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Central and Southern Madagascar with the description of two new species, pp. 297-310 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on pages 305-306, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2601205, {"references":["Heller, K. - G., Hemp, C., Massa, B., Kocinski, M. & Warchalowska-Sliwa, E. (2018) Paraplangia sinespeculo, a new genus and species of bush-cricket, with notes on its biology and a key to the genera of Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Madagascar. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 27 (2), 143 - 153. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / jor. 27.24243","Massa, B. (2017 b) New taxa of Orthoptera (Insecta: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from Madagascar. Zootaxa, 4242, 299 - 312.","Massa, B. (2017 c) New genera, species and records of Afrotropical Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) preserved at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Bruxelles. Zootaxa, 4358, 401 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4358.3.1","Ragge, D. R. (1980) A review of the African Phaneropterinae with open tympana (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 40, 67 - 192."]}

Phaneroptera sparsa St��l, 1857 (Fig. 8) MADAGASCAR: Ranomafana, rain forest, Soarana trail, 920 m a. s. l., - 21.256813�� S, 47.422720�� E; 25 iii 2015, leg. Anton Kri��t��n, CH 8598, female; MADAGASCAR: Ampanihy, spiny dry bush, 250 m a. s. l., - 24.661890�� S, 44.710957�� E; 16 iii 2015, leg. Anton Kri��t��n, CH 8599, female; MADAGASCAR: Ibity, montane bush and grassland, 1700 m a. s. l., - 20.254053��S, 47.071768�� E, 29 iii 2015 leg. Anton Kri��t��n, CH 8600, female. Additional record: MADAGASCAR: Perinet / Andasibe, 90 km east of Antananarivo (18��58'S, 48��24'E), 20 iii 1991, leg. A. Meschede, CH 4957, male. The species is well-known from Madagascar (Ragge 1956; as P. nana sparsa) and confirmed with four localities (specimen from Ranomafana shown in Fig. 8)., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia, Massa, Bruno, Rakotondranary, Jacques & Kri��t��n, Anton, 2019, Notes on a small collection of phaneropterine bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Central and Southern Madagascar with the description of two new species, pp. 297-310 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on pages 302-305, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2601205, {"references":["Stal, C. (1857) Orthoptera cursoria och Locustina fran Cafferlandet. Ofversigt Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 13, 165 - 170.","Ragge, D. R. (1956) A revision of the genera Phaneroptera Serville and Nephoptera Uvarov (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), with conclusions of zoogeographical and evolutionary interest. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 127, 205 - 283. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1956. tb 00471. x"]}

Parapyrrhicia leuca n. sp. Hemp & Heller (Fig. 11���12) MADAGASCAR: 16 km north of Beloha, 300 m a.s.l., - 25.131933�� S, 45.075445�� E; 17 iii 2015, leg. Anton Kri��t��n, CH 8603 (MfN), female. Description. Holotype female: Color uniformly dark shiny green except for shiny white patch on left tegmen and tawny to pinkish area around tympana of fore tibiae (Fig. 11). Head and antennae: Antennae green, thin, markedly longer than total length of insect. Fastigium as typical for genus. Eyes circular, prominent, greenish with lighter upper part when alive. Thorax: Pronotum without lateral carinae, broadly rounded to lateral lobes, surface of disc slightly wrinkled. Anterior margin almost straight with small median indentation, posterior margin broadly rounded. Tegmina and wings: As for genus, both pairs of wings fully developed, alae surpassing tegmina. Fore femora with anterior ventral ridge with three tiny spinules, posterior side rounded and unarmed. Mid and hind femora unarmed. Fore and mid tibiae without dorsal spurs, only with one small spur ventrally on inner side. Hind tibiae dorsally and on inner ventral side unarmed; on outer side one thick spur and a smaller located on opposite side to the other one; remaining part of hind tibia with four edges giving the tibiae a quadrangular shape especially towards its end; densely armed with numerous black-tipped spines. Abdomen: Posterior margin of tenth abdominal tergite with median slack. Supra-anal plate evenly curved, slap-like. Ovipositor as in Fig. 12B. Subgenital plate broad, in caudal half continuously narrowing into a tip, in the frontal part incised (Fig. 12C). Measurements (in mm). Female. Body length: 17; median length of pronotum: 4.3; height of pronotum 3.2; length of hind femur: 18.5; length of tegmina: 28; width of tegmina: 4.7; length of hind wing 27.5; ovipositor: 7.5. Etymology. From Greek�����ευ����, white, because of the conspicuous white patch on the left tegmen. Diagnosis. The specimen differs from all Malagasy species of Parapyrrhicia with known females by the shape of the ovipositor which has a denticulate apex (Fig. 12 B), while those of the other Madagascan species have serrate apices. All Parapyrrhicia from African mainland, however, have also denticulate apices (see Hemp et al. 2016), a difference already noted by Massa (2017b). From these African species it differs at the first glance by the white markings on the base of the tegmina (Fig. 11), known only in males of some African species. Females of at least some Malagasy species (P. madagassa), however, have also a white patch on the base of each tegmina. From P. longipodex, the only Malagasy species whose female is unknown, the specimen at hand differs clearly in the shape of the pronotum (Fig. 12A). P. leuca is the first specimen of Parapyrrhicia found in the southern half of Madagascar, all others come from the northern part. Habitat. Spiny dry bush with endemic Acacia sakalava, Alluaudia dumosa, A. humbertii, Baudouinia rouxevillei, Barleria alluaudii, Operculicarya decaryi, with small wetland and abandoned pastures and fields in surroundings., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia, Massa, Bruno, Rakotondranary, Jacques & Kri��t��n, Anton, 2019, Notes on a small collection of phaneropterine bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Central and Southern Madagascar with the description of two new species, pp. 297-310 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on pages 307-309, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2601205, {"references":["Massa, B. (2017 b) New taxa of Orthoptera (Insecta: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from Madagascar. Zootaxa, 4242, 299 - 312."]}

Plangia segonoides (Butler, 1878) (Fig. 2) MADAGASCAR: Ranomafana, rain forest, Soarana trail, 920 m a. s. l., - 21.256813° S, 47.422720° E; 25 iii 2015, leg. Anton Krištín, CH 8594, female. The female specimen belongs clearly to the genus Plangia of which three species are known from Madagascar (guttatipennis and segonoides) and the West Indian Islands (ovalifolia; Table 1). In width of the tegmina the collected specimen is very similar to P. segonoides, known only from the male type specimen. Also the other measurements are relatively close to this species. Therefore we assume that the specimen may belong to P. segonoides. Since the female was unknown, we give figures of its head and ovipositor (Fig. 2). However, it may be difficult to separate a single female morphologically from other African Plangia species. Habitat. The specimen was found dead in a spider web in a semiopen site within tall tropical rainforest with many palm species and several orchid and fern species., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia, Massa, Bruno, Rakotondranary, Jacques & Krištín, Anton, 2019, Notes on a small collection of phaneropterine bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Central and Southern Madagascar with the description of two new species, pp. 297-310 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on page 299, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2601205, {"references":["Butler, A. G. (1878) Description of a new species of the orthopterous genus Phylloptera from Madagascar. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1878, 648 - 649."]}

Xenodoxus sp. (Fig. 7) MADAGASCAR: Ranomafana, wet grassland and bush within the rain forest, 680 m a. s. l., - 21.261799�� S, 47.460840�� E; 24 iii 2015, leg. Anton Kri��t��n, CH 8597, female. Judging from the shape of the ovipositor, the specimen probably represents a female of a species of the genus Xenodoxus. However, it does not have the dark markings at the base of the tegmina typical for both known species of this genus. In size and morphology it is quite similar to Phaneroptera sparsa, but differs in the shape of the ovipositor and depth of the humeral sinus (Fig. 7). The specimen is in bad condition, so a safe identification is not possible. It could also be related to Eulioptera, not yet known from Madagascar. Length of pronotum 3.8, length of tegmina 22, length of hind wings 24.7, length of ovipositor 6.3, Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia, Massa, Bruno, Rakotondranary, Jacques & Kri��t��n, Anton, 2019, Notes on a small collection of phaneropterine bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Central and Southern Madagascar with the description of two new species, pp. 297-310 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on page 302, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2601205

Tylopsis bilineolata Karsch, 1893 (Fig. 5) MADAGASCAR: Ranomafana, rain forest, Soarana trail, 920 m a. s. l., - 21.256813�� S, 47.422720�� E; 25 iii 2015, leg. Anton Kri��t��n, CH 8596, male. From Madagascar, two species of the genus Tylopsis are known: T. bilineolata Karsch, 1893 (see Ragge 1964) and T. irregularis Karsch, 1893 (see Massa 2017c). From the shape of the cerci (Fig. 5A) and the pronotum (Fig. 5B), our specimen belongs to T. bilineolata, and here to the larger and more common morph (length of hind femur 25 mm; see Ragge 1964). Its stridulatory file (Fig. 5C) is quite similar to that of T. lilifolia (Fabricius) (compare Heller 1988, fig. 110). Habitat. The specimen was found in a bush within tall tropical rainforest with many palm species and several tree fern species., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia, Massa, Bruno, Rakotondranary, Jacques & Kri��t��n, Anton, 2019, Notes on a small collection of phaneropterine bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Central and Southern Madagascar with the description of two new species, pp. 297-310 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on page 302, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2601205, {"references":["Karsch, F. (1893) Die Insecten der Berglandschaft Adeli im Hinterlande von Togo (Westafrika) nach dem von den Herren Hauptmann Eugen Kling (1888 und 1889) und Dr. Richard Buttner (1890 und 1891) gesammelten Materiale bearbeitet. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 38, 1 - 266.","Ragge, D. R. (1964) A revision of the genus Tylopsis Fieber (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 15, 297 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 20543","Massa, B. (2017 c) New genera, species and records of Afrotropical Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) preserved at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Bruxelles. Zootaxa, 4358, 401 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4358.3.1","Heller, K. - G. (1988) Bioakustik der europaischen Laubheuschrecken. Verlag Josef Margraf, Weikersheim, 358 pp."]}

Eurycorypha prasinata Stål, 1874 (Fig. 3, 4) MADAGASCAR: Anakao, savanna and bush, 5 m a. s. l., - 23.655606°S, 43.651012° E; 25 iii 2015, leg. Anton Krištín, CH 8595, male. The specimen (habitus Fig. 3) is considered to represent a male of E. prasinata, a species assumed to be endemic to Madagascar and the Comoros (Massa 2017a, c). Before the studies of Massa (2017a, c) only five specimens from four species of the genus Eurycorypha have been known from Madagascar, one male (identified as E. prasinata; Brunner von Wattenwyl 1878), one unsexed specimen (identified as E. cereris; Saussure 1899), and three females, the type specimens of E. prasinata Stål,1874, E. brunneri Brancsik, 1893, and E. brevipennis Karsch, 1889. Massa (2017c) listed another four Malagasy specimens under E. prasinata, although they differ in size and proportions from the specimens described by Brunner von Wattenwyl (1878) and Stål (1874) (see Table 2). The measurements of the specimen at hand agree with Massa’s data. According to the description in Massa (2017c), E. prasinata belongs to Eurycorypha species with males with elongate and narrow tegmina, an undifferentiated 10 th abdominal tergite and rather stout, slightly curved cerci that have sclerotized dents at their tips. Several Eurycorypha species show these characters and thus are distinguished with difficulty, especially when song and habitat are not known. E. varia from northern Tanzania and E. pseudovaria from the Usambara Mountains are a striking example how similar Eurycorypha species of this group sometimes are. Also E. conclusa, a species distributed from coastal to inland habitats in eastern Africa belongs to this group of morphological similar males. The specimens known from Madagascar differ in dimensions and wing shape. However, there is also a sexual dimorphism in these characters as well as a quite large intraspecific variation, at least in some species. So in all of the above named three African species the females have more roundish tegmina resulting in different length/width ratios (Table 2). A huge variability is seen in E. conclusa from different localities. Female individuals from West Kilimanjaro had a ratio of tegminal length/width of 2.3 while individuals from the North Pare Mountains had a ratio of 3.3. Also the size varied considerably. The smallest female individual was collected in Kwamgumi Forest Reserve in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania, and measured 15 mm in tegmina length and 6.4 mm in width while the largest individual measured came from the North Pare Mountains, Tanzania, with 30.5 mm tegmina length and 9.15 width. Only since we recorded the song of Kwamgumi and Kilimanjaro males conspecifity was proved. von Wattenwyl; all data for E. conclusa Hemp, unpublished, from Tanzania. Taking such a variability into account, we concluded that all Malagasy specimens we studied might belong to one species, to E. prasinata. On the other hand, different Eurycorypha species can morphologically be very similar. So only the detailed study of the songs and the different habitat made it possible to delimitate E. varia from E. pseudovaria (see Hemp 2017). The morphological similarity of these Eurycorypha species was also the base to erroneously assume a wide distribution of E. varia, a species very likely restricted to the montane zone of African Mts Meru and Kilimanjaro and some Eastern Arc Mountain Ranges while records of E. varia from the Usambara Mountains refer to E. pseudovaria. Madagascar may harbour more than one Eurycorypha species, but at present we do not know characters to separate them reliably. This is also true for E. cereris and E. prasinata. Both are morphologically similar having an undifferentiated 10 th abdominal tergite and rather stout cerci armed with sclerotized dents, similar to E. varia and E. pseudovaria. E. cereris was described on a male by Stål (1857) from the Cape Region of South Africa while later (Stål 1874) he described E. prasinata on a female from Madagascar without providing an exact locality. The male of E. prasinata was described by Brunner von Wattenwyl (1878). He wrote that he was not able to delimitate another male from Port Natal (South Africa) from this species. Thus he listed this male from South Africa with a question mark. Since this publication South Africa is included in the known distribution of E. prasinata. Karsch (1889) listed E. prasinata from the Cape Region, West Africa (Accra; Ghana), Delagobai (today Maputo Bay, Mozambique), Mombasa (Kenya), Bondei & Usambara (Tanzania) and Anjoani (today Anjouan, The Comoros). Saussure (1899) on the other hand listed E. cereris from Madagascar (Nosy Bé). Very likely E. prasinata and E. cereris were partly misidentified and mixed up since females of these two species are very difficult to distinguish and males are also very similar in their outer genital morphology (Fig. 4). Since most Eurycorypha species are highly endemic and restricted to certain areas it is very unlikely that E. prasinata occurs apart from Madagascar in wide parts of mainland Africa (see also Massa 2017c). The records of E. prasinata from Mombasa and the Usambara Mountains could belong to E. pseudovaria while the records from South Africa very likely belong to E. cereris. So we here suggest that E. cereris is restricted to Africa and E. prasinata to Madagascar. Only the detailed study of this complex of morphologically very similar Eurycorypha species including song, habitat and genetics will shed more light on the distribution and the evolution of this group. Further remark: In the collection of the Natural History Museum London, UK, specimens collected from Madagascar (data unpublished) are united under E. prasinata with the remark that E. brevipennis and E. brunneri are possibly synonymous with E. prasinata (Ragge 1980). However, E. brevipennis has very rounded and short tegmina and it is very improbable that it is synonym of E. prasinata. Habitat. The specimen was found in coastal semiopen Euphorbia stenoclada bush, with some endemic Aloe (A. divaricata, A. vaombe), and introduced Euphorbia pulcherrima and Agave sisalana., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia, Massa, Bruno, Rakotondranary, Jacques & Krištín, Anton, 2019, Notes on a small collection of phaneropterine bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Central and Southern Madagascar with the description of two new species, pp. 297-310 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on pages 299-302, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2601205, {"references":["Stal, C. (1874) Recensio orthopterorum. Revue critique des Orthopteres decrits par Linne, De Geer et Thunberg. 2. Ofversigt Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens Forhandlingar, 31, 1 - 121.","Massa, B. (2017 a) New data and taxa for Orthoptera Tettigoniidae and Acrididae from tropical Africa. Annales Socie ' te Entomologique de France, 53, 236 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2017.1334586","Massa, B. (2017 c) New genera, species and records of Afrotropical Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) preserved at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Bruxelles. Zootaxa, 4358, 401 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4358.3.1","Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1878) Monographie der Phaneropteriden. Brockhaus, Wien, 401 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1878. tb 07999. x","Saussure, H. de (1899) Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Reise in Madagaskar und Ostafrika in den Jahren 1889 - 95 von Dr. A. Voeltzkow. Orthoptera. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, Frankfurt / M, 21, 569 - 664.","Brancsik, C. (1893) Beitrage zur Kenntniss Nossibes und dessen Fauna nach Sendungen und Mittheilungen des Herrn P. Frey II. Jahreshefte des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins des Trencsiner Comitates, 15 - 16 [1892 - 93], 202 - 258.","Karsch, F. (1889) Orthopterologische Beitrage. III. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 32 [1888], 415 - 464.","Stal, C. (1857) Orthoptera cursoria och Locustina fran Cafferlandet. Ofversigt Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 13, 165 - 170.","Ragge, D. R. (1980) A review of the African Phaneropterinae with open tympana (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 40, 67 - 192."]}

Trigonocorypha maxima Carl, 1914 (Fig. 6) MADAGASCAR: Ampanihy, spiny dry bush, 250 m a. s. l., - 24.661890�� S, 44.710957�� E; 16 iii 2015, leg. Anton Kri��t��n, CH 8601, female. This large specimen fits very well the description of Trigonocorypha maxima by Carl (1914). It is the first time that the species was found again and the first indication of its distribution in Madagascar. It should be noted that the specimen at hand differs in the colour of the side keels of the pronotum which are intensely black in Carl���s six specimens and yellow in our animal (Fig. 6). The significance of this difference (from variation in color to new species) is completely unknown. Habitat. The specimen was found in spiny dry bush with endemic Alluaudia dumosa, Commiphora sp., Dombeya sp., Euphorbia arahaka in the twilight., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia, Massa, Bruno, Rakotondranary, Jacques & Kri��t��n, Anton, 2019, Notes on a small collection of phaneropterine bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Central and Southern Madagascar with the description of two new species, pp. 297-310 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on page 302, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2601205, {"references":["Carl, J. (1914) Orthopteres de Madagascar. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 22, 148 - 177. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 82532"]}

Adapantus excavatus n. sp. (Fig. 5 A, 6 A–C, 7 A–D) http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:505232 Holotype: male, SAO TOME & PRINCIPE: Príncipe, near Bom Bom Island Resort (1°41'N, 7°24'E), 20 m a.s.l., 24–27 iv 2018, leg. Martina Heller; MfN. When we collected the animal (habitus Fig. 5 A) on Príncipe, we expected to have found Adapantus transmarinus, known for this island from literature (see above). However, it differs distinctly from this species and has to be described as a new species which may even not be the sister species to transmarinus. Diagnosis. Differs from all other Adapantus species by the tips of the male cerci which do not end in a spine, but are excavated (Fig. 6 A). Description (following the concept of Naskrecki, 2008a). General. Body of medium size (habitus Fig. 5 A) Head. Antennae more than twice as long as body; fastigium of vertex triangular, nearly reaching apex of antennal sockets (Fig. 7 A), grooved dorsally; frons flat. Scapus with small apical spine. Thorax. Humeral sinus of pronotum absent; lateral lobe wider than high; upper side of pronotum concave; anterior and posterior edge of prozona convexly rounded (Fig. 7 A); pronotum surface weakly granulate. Prosternum armed with two short spines. Legs. Genicular lobes of front and hind femur (Fig. 6 C) armed with spines on both sides, mid femora with spines on inner side only; mid tibia dorsally unarmed. Wings. Tegmina distinctly surpassing apex of abdomen; left stridulatory area coriaceous, with a large cell, shaped as mirror (Fig. 7 C); right stridulatory area with very large mirror (Fig. 7 D). Stridulatory vein very thick (Fig. 7 A, C), stridulatory file weakly bent, flat, with ca. 135 lamelliform teeth, 3.1 mm long (Fig. 7 B). Hind wing as long as tegmina. Abdomen. Cercus bent in apical third; apex of cercus slightly thickened, excavated (Fig. 6 A); subgenital plate with small, triangular apical incision; stylus cylindrical, more than 3 times as long as wide (Fig. 6 B). Coloration. Coloration brown and green, sometimes mottled (Fig. 5 A); face light brown, without darker markings; hind wing fumose. Measurements (in mm). Body w/wings 32; body w/o wings: 29; pronotum: 5.5; tegmen: 25; hind femur: 18. Etymology. The specific epithet excavatus refers to the shape of the cercus (adjective, masculinum). Bioacoustics. See below, part B. A. excavatus differs from A. transmarinus, the other species from São Tomé and Príncipe, not only in cercus shape, but also in the armature of the hind knees. A. transmarinus belongs to a group of species without any spines, while A. excavatus has spines as found in another species group. The new species differs in its stridulatory organs also distinctly from the three species of the genus described by Naskrecki (2008a). Comparing the other species of the genus, A. bardus Karsch (see also Naskrecki 2008a), osorioi Bolivar, excavatus, transmarinus and some other species (according to photos in OSFO) have a very strong stridulatory vein and a more or less distinct mirror in the left tegmen, whereas Naskrecki’s three new species have a weak stridulatory vein and no indication of a left mirrorlike structure. The characters are clearly recognisable in Naskrecki’s excellent figure 8 and also mentioned in his text. Beier (1962), however, mentions the presence of left and right mirrors as a characteristic of the genus Adapantus. The difference in the stridulatory organs is so distinctive that it may justify a subgeneric subdivision. The left mirror is an important predictor of a species’ carrier frequency (Montealegre-Z et al., 2017) and large morphological differences may indicate differences in the communication system., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from São Tomé & Príncipe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa, pp. 41-66 in Zootaxa 4563 (1) on pages 46-48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2600944, {"references":["Naskrecki, P. (2008 a) Sylvan Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae) of the Guinean Forests of West Africa Hotspot: an overview and descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 1712, 1 - 41.","Beier, M. (1962) Orthoptera Tettigoniidae (Pseudophyllinae I). Das Tierreich 73, Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin, 468 pp.","Montealegre-Z, F., Ogden, J., Jonsson, T. & Soulsbury, C. D. (2017) Morphological determinants of signal carrier frequency in katydids (Orthoptera): a comparative analysis using biophysical evidence of wing vibration. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 30 (11), 2068 - 2078. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jeb. 13179"]}

Eurycorypha stylata St��l, 1873 Karsch 1889: Eurycorypha stylata St��l, 1873 Griffini 1906: Eurycorypha stylata St��l, 1873 Known from Pr��ncipe, without details (Karsch 1889) and from Roca Infante Dom Henrique and Bahia do Oeste (locality untraceable; Griffini 1906, identification confirmed by Massa 2013), Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from S��o Tom�� & Pr��ncipe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa, pp. 41-66 in Zootaxa 4563 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2600944, {"references":["Stal, C. (1873) Orthoptera nova descripsit. Ofversigt Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 30, 39 - 53.","Karsch, F. (1889) Orthopterologische Beitrage. III. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 32 [1888], 415 - 464.","Griffini, A. (1906) Ortotteri raccolti da Leonardo Fea nell'Africa occidentale. 1. Hetrodidi, Conocephalidi, Meconemidi, Pseudophyllidi, Mecopodidi e Fanerotteridi. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale ' Giacomo Doria', Genova, (3) 2, 358 - 397.","Massa, B. (2013) Diversity of leaf katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) of Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Central African Republic, with selected records from other African countries. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 22 (2), 125 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.1665 / 034.022.0201"]}

Neoadapantus n. subgenus http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:xxxxxx Type species: Adapantus affluens Naskrecki, 2008a Diagnosis. Differs from the nominal subgenus by the presence of a weak stridulatory vein and by missing a mirrorlike structure in the left tegmen (compare Fig. 7 C, D, and E, F). According to the figures of Adenes obesus in OSFO, in the sister genus Adenes both characters are similar to A. (Adapantus). The related genus Mormotus Karsch, 1890, however, has no left mirror and a weak stridulatory vein (see figures in Naskrecki 2008a), thus being similar to Neoadapantus. Included species: affluens Naskrecki, 2008a, angulatus Naskrecki, 2008a, pragerorum Naskrecki, 2008a, marmoratus Chopard, 1954, nitens (Chopard 1954) (the last two as far as it can be judged by the photos in OSFO). Unassignable to subgenera: A. castaneus Beier, 1954 (no information about character state in male available)., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from São Tomé & Príncipe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa, pp. 41-66 in Zootaxa 4563 (1) on pages 49-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2600944, {"references":["Naskrecki, P. (2008 a) Sylvan Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae) of the Guinean Forests of West Africa Hotspot: an overview and descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 1712, 1 - 41.","Karsch, F. (1890). Neue westafrikanische, durch Herrn Premierlieutenant Morgen von Kribi eingesendete Orthopteren. Entomologische Nachrichten, Berlin, 16, 257 - 276.","Chopard L. (1954) La reserve naturelle integrale du Mont Nimba, fascicule 2. III. Orthopteroides Ensiferes. Memoires de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire, 40, 25 - 98.","Beier, M. (1954) Revision der Pseudophyllinen 1. Halfte. Trabajos del Instituto Espanol de Entomologia, Madrid. 479 pp."]}

Adapantus transmarinus (Krauss, 1890) Krauss, 1890: Meroncidius transmarinus Krauss, 1890 Griffini 1906: Adapantus transmarinus (Krauss, 1890) The species was described by Krauss from a small series found on Rolas Islands, São Tomé. Griffini (1906) mentions two males from Ribeira Palma and Água Izé in São Tomé and another male from Príncipe (but see below for this specimen, here considered as belonging to A. excavatus n.sp.), while Bolivar (1906) seems to have had doubts about differences to his A. osorioi, described 1886. We did not find nor hear it on São Tomé., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from São Tomé & Príncipe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa, pp. 41-66 in Zootaxa 4563 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2600944, {"references":["Griffini, A. (1906) Ortotteri raccolti da Leonardo Fea nell'Africa occidentale. 1. Hetrodidi, Conocephalidi, Meconemidi, Pseudophyllidi, Mecopodidi e Fanerotteridi. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale ' Giacomo Doria', Genova, (3) 2, 358 - 397.","Bolivar, I. (1906) Fasgonuridos de la Guinea espanola. Memorias de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natura, 1, 327 - 377."]}

Mangomaloba angustipennis Chopard, 1958 Chopard, 1958: Mangomaloba angustipennis Chopard, 1958 Known only from the male holotype from Pr��ncipe, Roca Infante Dom Henrique, Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from S��o Tom�� & Pr��ncipe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa, pp. 41-66 in Zootaxa 4563 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2600944, {"references":["Chopard, L. (1958) Mission du Museum dans les iles du Golfe de Guinee. Entom. 6. Orthopteroides. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 63, 73 - 85."]}

Eurycorypha aequatorialis Krauss, 1890 / E. securifera Brunner von Wattenwyl 1878 Krauss 1890: Eurycorypha aequatorialis Krauss, 1890 Griffini 1906: Eurycorypha securifera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 Krauss (1890) described the species E. aequatorialis from one female, collected on Rolas Islands (holotype lost, see above). According to the text, it is quite similar to E. securifera, known at that time only from males, and differs only in the number of spines on the lower side of the hind legs (2 on both sides in securifera and 11/7 and 4/ 1 (left/right leg) in aequatorialis). Griffini (1906) identified a male, collected by Fea in Ribeira Palma (near Neves) on São Tomé with some doubts as E. securifera (this specimen is figured by Massa 2017a, Massa, pers. comm). We assume that both specimens belong to the same species. During a visit in NMW we tried to find the type of E. securifera, but could not find it. It is not registered in the catalogue of the museum nor is there any indication for it in the box where the other Eurycorypha species are stored. Giglio-Tos (1907) described a specimen from Madimba/ Congo as male of E. aequatorialis (figured in Massa 2017a). However, it is by no means clear that it belongs to this species (see also comments in Massa 2017b). The same is true for the record of one female from Lolodorf/ Cameroon by Bruner (1920). Only topotypical material of both species can solve the problem. We could not find any information supporting the idea that the holotype has ever been in SMNS as mentioned by Otte (1997) instead of in Marburg as indicated by Krauss (1890) (see also Holstein & Ingrisch 2004)., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from São Tomé & Príncipe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa, pp. 41-66 in Zootaxa 4563 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2600944, {"references":["Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1878) Monographie der Phaneropteriden. Brockhaus, Wien, 401 pp.","Griffini, A. (1906) Ortotteri raccolti da Leonardo Fea nell'Africa occidentale. 1. Hetrodidi, Conocephalidi, Meconemidi, Pseudophyllidi, Mecopodidi e Fanerotteridi. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale ' Giacomo Doria', Genova, (3) 2, 358 - 397.","Massa, B. (2017 a) New data and taxa for Orthoptera Tettigoniidae and Acrididae from tropical Africa. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France (N. S.), 53, 236 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2017.1334586","Giglio-Tos, E. (1907) Ortotteri Africani. Parte 2. Blattodea, Mantodea, Phasmodea, Locustodea, Gryllodea. Bollettino del Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Universita di Torino, 22 (563), 1 - 26.","Massa, B. (2017 b) New genera, species and records of Afrotropical Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) preserved at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Bruxelles. Zootaxa, 4358 (3), 401 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4358.3.1","Bruner, L. (1920) Orthoptera from Africa, being a report upon some Saltatoria mainly from Cameroon contained in the Carnegie Museum. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 13 (1919), 92 - 142.","Otte, D. (1997) Orthoptera Species File 7. Tettigonioidea. Orthopterists' Society at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 373 pp.","Holstein, J. & Ingrisch, S. (2004) The Orthoptera type material (Insecta) in the collections of the Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde Stuttgart - Part 1: Ensifera. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 665,1 - 33."]}

Catoptropteryx cf. naevia Huxley, 1970 (Fig. 3, 4) New record for the island of São Tomé and the state São Tomé and Príncipe 2 first instar nymphs, SAO TOME & PRINCIPE: São Tomé, Praia Inhame Eco Lodge (0°01'N, 6°30'E), 20 m a.s.l., 1–2 v 2018, leg. Martina Heller & Marianne Volleth; one female (CH 8569) became adult. According to the morphological characters, mainly the strongly reduced ovipositor (Fig. 3 A), the female at hand belongs to the tribe Catoptropterigini, established by Massa (2016), and here to the genus Catoptropteryx Karsch. This genus was revised by Huxley (1970). Using the information presented there the specimen may belong to the West African (Sierra Leone to Ghana) species C. naevia. Black markings along the edges of the pronotum (Fig. 4 A) are found only in a few species; nana Huxley 1970, capreola (Karsch), naevia Huxley, 1970, ambigua Huxley, 1970, punctulata (Karsch), extensipes (Karsch) and capreola. Our specimen differs from C. nana in size, from ambigua and extensipes in coloration and from punctulata in shape of the ovipositor. In the coloration of the spinules of the hind femora the female (Fig. 3 B) from São Tomé is clearly more similar to C. naevia than to the widespread capreola. It is also slightly larger than capreola. Both species can easily be separated by the number of teeth in the male stridulatory file. So for final clarification—if it is one of these two or a separate species—the study of male specimens is necessary. The female bears only one strong stridulatory vein on the upper side of the right wing (Fig. 3 C), uncommon in Phaneropterinae, but found e.g., in Parapyrrhicia (Hemp et al. 2017) and some Anaulacomera (Heller et al. 2019). In all other Catoptropteryx species the state of this character is unknown. In. C. aurita Huxley, 1970, however, the right tegmen of the female has about ten stridulatory veins (photos by C. Hemp). Interestingly the small nymphs of this species showed unexpected black and colorful blue-green markings, especially at the head (Fig. 4 B, C). Such markings are at the moment known only from nymphs of Debrona cervina Walker (Hemp, in prep.), another species (and genus) with a strongly reduced ovipositor, currently placed in Otiaphysini. In further nymphal stages these markings become weaker and disappear nearly completely. The black color of paranota in the nymphs is reduced to a dark line in (sub)subadults (Fig. 4 D, E). Otherwise the nymphs are nearly completely green. Measurements (in mm). Length of pronotum 4.5, hind femora 22, tegmina 31, ovipositor 2.6, width of tegmina 6.5., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from São Tomé & Príncipe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa, pp. 41-66 in Zootaxa 4563 (1) on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2600944, {"references":["Huxley, J. (1970) A revision of the genus Catoptropteryx Karsch (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 24, 129 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1520","Massa, B. (2016) The identity of the tropical African Polichne mukonja Griffini, 1908 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae). ZooKeys, 621, 37 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 621.9725","Hemp, C., Heller, K. - G., Warchalowska-Sliwa, E., Grzywacz, B. & Hemp, A. (2017) Review of the East African species of the phaneropterine genus Parapyrrhicia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891 (Insecta: Orthoptera): secret communication of a forest-bound taxon. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 17, 231 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 016 - 0303 - 5","Heller, K. - G., Volleth, M., Vedenina, V., Maryanska-Nadachowska, A. & Warchalowska-Sliwa, E. (2019) A perfect duet? The acoustic behaviour of Anaulacomera almadaenis n. sp. (Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Phaneropterinae), a species with an unusual chromosome complement, discovered in the footsteps of the explorers Spix and Martius in Brazil. Spixiana. [in press)]"]}

Corycoides intermedius (Redtenbacher, 1892) (Fig. 2 C) Redtenbacher 1892: Corycus intermedius Redtenbacher, 1892 Redtenbacher (1892) described a female from São Tomé with a long ovipositor (17.5 mm compared to 11 mm in C. paradoxus; Fig. 2 C) and a coloration similar to a congeneric species from mainland Africa as a new species. The species was never found again. Interestingly, on the island of Bioko also two Corycoides species with differing coloration have been found (Griffini, 1906)., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from São Tomé & Príncipe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa, pp. 41-66 in Zootaxa 4563 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2600944, {"references":["Redtenbacher, J. (1892) Monographische Uebersicht der Mecopodiden. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft Wien, 42, 183 - 224.","Griffini, A. (1906) Ortotteri raccolti da Leonardo Fea nell'Africa occidentale. 1. Hetrodidi, Conocephalidi, Meconemidi, Pseudophyllidi, Mecopodidi e Fanerotteridi. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale ' Giacomo Doria', Genova, (3) 2, 358 - 397."]}

Hemp, Claudia, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Warchałowska-Śliwa, Elżbieta, Hemp, Andreas (2015): A new species of Philoscirtus (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae: Mecopodinae) from the West Usambara Mountains of Tanzania and its conservation status. Zootaxa 3905 (2): 273-282, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3905.2.8

Re-description of Philoscirtus Male. General colour and body shape. Predominantly green with some brown or blackish markings at the posterior margin of the tegmina. Long legs and very long antennae. Head and antennae. Fastigium verticis broad, rugose, about 1.5 times as broad as scapus. Slightly sulcate, meeting fastigium of frons in a horizontal line which is sulcate.:antennae several times longer than body length. Thorax. Pronotum rugose, disc of pronotum broad, metazona uplifted, so that posterior margin of pronotum is elevated. Pronotal sulci deep, forming furrows that run almost to the margins of lateral lobes. Prosternum bispinose. Tegmina only slightly covered by anterior up-lifted margin of pronotum; shortened, rugose. The left upper tegmen is completely sclerotized and protects the large, thin and transparent mirror on the right tegmen (examined in P. viridulus n. sp. only; Fig. 6).Alae reduced to tiny lobes (Fig. 6). Legs. Legs long and slender. Fore femora armed ventrally with several spines; posterior ends of femora with pair of spurs. Mid femora ventrally with few spines, also with a pair of spurs. Hind femora with numerous spines and a pair of spurs at knee. Tympana of fore tibiae oval and open at both sides. Tibiae with four rows of numerous stout spines along the whole length. Abdomen. Abdominal tergites smooth. Cerci of normal shape, undifferentiated. Subgenital plate of typical mecopodine type, elongated and forked at posterior end. Subgenital plate with styli. Females larger than males. Posterior margin of pronotum not uplifted. Tegmina small rounded and from each other separated lobes. Ovipositor stout at base, almost straight. Diagnosis. Very characteristic because of its large size with long legs, the shortened lobe-like tegmina and the rugose pronotum. Apteroscirtus is of smaller size, brown and apterous. Philoscirtus differs from Gymnoscirtus in the shape of the fastigium verticis and the pronotum. The fastigium verticis is about 4 times as broad and smooth in Gymnoscirtus while it is only about 1.5 times as broad as one scapus and sulcate in Philoscirtus. While Gymnoscirtus has a smooth surface of the pronotum and is constricted at height of the first sulcus, the pronotum of Philoscirtus is rugose, has a broad and flat disc and the pronotal sulci run into the lateral lobes of the pronotum. Apteroscirtus and Gymnoscirtus are dwellers of forests floors while Philoscirtus species live in the canopy., Published as part of Hemp, Claudia, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Warcha��owska-��liwa, El��bieta & Hemp, Andreas, 2015, A new species of Philoscirtus (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae: Mecopodinae) from the West Usambara Mountains of Tanzania and its conservation status, pp. 273-282 in Zootaxa 3905 (2) on page 274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3905.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/233457

Philoscirtus viridulus C. Hemp n. sp. Holotype male: Tanzania, West Usambara Mountains, Lutindi forest, 1250 m, February 2014. Depository: MfN. Paratype. 1 male, same data as holotype (depository collection Hemp); 1 male, Tanzania, West Usambara Mountains, Mazumbai forest reserve (depository BMNH). Description. Male. General coloration. Predominantly green with some brown to black markings at posterior end of tegmina and dorsally at posterior margins of abdominal segments. Tibiae and knees brown to light brown (Fig. 1, 2). Posterior margin of subgenital plate shiny black (Fig. 1, 3 F). Head and antennae. Antenna very long, 10���11 cm. Face green with pattern of light green to yellowish patches in living insect (Fig. 2). Thorax. Fore femora armed with 1���2 inner stout short spines, marked brown to black at posterior outer side; posterior ends of femora with pointed pair of spurs. Mid femora unarmed, also with a pair of stout and pointed spurs. Hind femora with numerous (5���8) inner and outer stout and acute brown spines and a pair of stout and pointed spurs at lunules. All tibiae with dense spination, especially hind tibiae. Tegmina reaching posterior margin of abdominal segment 2 (Fig. 3 B, D). The stridulatory file (length 3.0 mm) is found on the underside of the left tegmen. It carries about 110 teeth with intervals of 37 ��m in the center (Fig. 6). Abdomen. Cerci green, short and rather stout, slightly inwardly curved with an apical dent and a tiny dent just before the tip on the inner side. Subgenital plate forming a short fork with both apical tips strongly sticking outwards (Fig. 3 F). With minute styli. Female. Unknown. Measurements. male.���(mm) (N = 2): Body length: 29.5���31.8; Median length of pronotum: 5.5���6; length of tegmina: 5.7���5.8; length of hind femur: 29.8���30.2; subgenital plate: 7.7 ���8.0. Measurements. (mm) Male Mazumbai (n = 1): Body length: 23.6; Median length of pronotum: 5.1; length of tegmina: 5.0; length of hind femur: 25.3;subgenital plate 7.5. Diagnosis. P. viridulus n. sp. is less robust than P. cordipennis. The posterior margin of the pronotum is uplifted in P. cordipennis (Fig. 3 A) but hardly so in P. v i r i du l u s n. sp. (Fig. 3 B). Compared to P. co rd i p e nn i s the head and pronotum are less rugose in P. viridulus n. sp. Differences are also seen in the subgenital plate. P. cordipennis has an elongated subgenital plate with the median part shaft-like narrowed (Fig. 3 E) while in P. viridulus n. sp. the middle part is shorter and the tips of the fork are more strongly sticking apart. Remarks. A single male of P. viridulus n. sp. was found in the collection of the BMNH coming from the Mazumbai forest reserve. It is smaller than the Lutindi specimens and also has a stouter subgenital plate. The tegmina do not reach the posterior margin of the second abdominal segment as in the Lutindi specimens. Molecular and acoustical analyses could clarify the species status. Song pattern. The song of Philoscirtus viridulus n. sp. was registered only at night. It consisted of short series of echemes (5.1 �� 1.1 echemes; range 3���7; n= 30; Fig. 4). These echemes contained a variable number of syllables (17.9 �� 1.1 syllables; range 14���20; n= 30; counted in the last echeme of a series), repeated in a rhythm of about 20 Hz. The duration of the last syllable varied between 28 and 38 ms (34.6 ��2.0 ms; n= 30). Each syllable contained a quite high number of clearly separated impulse-like sound events. Spectral composition of song. The frequency spectrum of the song had its maximum at 18.5 kHz (range 10 dB below peak 15 ���21,4 kHz; Fig. 5). Chromosomes. The standard karyotype of Philoscirtus viridulus n. sp. consisted of 29 chromosomes in the male, with the X0 sex chromosome system (FN= 38; FN is the number of chromosome arms, including the X chromosome). Autosomes can be divided into three size groups: three large submetacentric (L 1, L 2, L 4) and one large acrocentric (L 3), six medium acrocentric pairs (M 5 -7, 9- 11) and one medium metacentric (M 8) as well as three acrocentric short pairs gradually decreasing in size. The metacentric X chromosome is the largest in the set (Fig. 7 A). The morphology of the chromosomes is clearly seen in metaphase II (Fig. 7 B). C-banding of spermatogonial mitotic metaphase and meiotic cells revealed constitutive heterochromatin in the paracentromeric region of most of the chromosomal elements and occupied the region next to the centromere (thick C-bands). Interstitial C-bands were located in one medium pair (M 3), additionally telomeric C-bands occurred in most of the large and medium sized autosomes and in both arms of the X chromosome (Fig. 7 A, C). Silver staining revealed the presence of one large active NOR in the paracentromeric region of the large sized bivalent (L 2). It corresponds to a thick heterochromatin block and five ���secondary��� small NORs (not always visible) on three medium and two small bivalents (Fig. 7 D). A B chromosome (B), which is supernumerary to the standard complement, being of metacentric type and similar to small sized pairs of autosomes was mitotically and meiotically unstable. From diplotene to metaphase II, this element occurred as univalent or bivalent (Fig. 7 A, B, C, E). Biology. P. v i r i du l u s n. sp. individuals were captured at night from small trees and bushes along paths creating some canopy gaps through the closed submontane forest in February 2014. Males and females rested on broad leaves in about 2���3 m height and were very sensitive to disturbance. Therefore only two males could be caught. In October 2014 no individuals could be obtained at the same localities. Habitat. Submontane and montane forests in the West Usambara Mountains. Ethyology. From latin: - viridis = green, ending - ulus from latin: small, because it is predominantly green and smaller than P. cordipennnis. Distribution. West Usambara Mountains, recorded from the Lutindi and Mazumbai forests., Published as part of Hemp, Claudia, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Warcha��owska-��liwa, El��bieta & Hemp, Andreas, 2015, A new species of Philoscirtus (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae: Mecopodinae) from the West Usambara Mountains of Tanzania and its conservation status, pp. 273-282 in Zootaxa 3905 (2) on pages 275-279, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3905.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/233457