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Background : This study was carried out to investigate the changes to fatty acid, mineral, and ginsenosides contents in ginseng seed when they were stratified for different length of time and to determine whether variety had any effects on the changes. The aim was to improve the ginseng seed stratification process. Methods and Results : The ginseng varieties used were Geumpoong, Chunpoong, Yunpoong, and K-1. Stratifying periods treated on ginseng seed were 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 days. The main fatty acids of ginseng seed were oleic acid (C18 : 1, n9c) with a content of 78.40 - 79.20% followed by linoleic acid (C18 : 2, n6c). The main mineral in the seeds was potassium (K), at 1208.2 -1337.6 mg/100 g. The main ginsenosides in ginseng seed were ginsenoside Re and Rb1. Increasing the length of the stratification periods led to increases in oleic acid content (60 - 80 days), however after this the content declined. In contrast, linoleic acid content fell as the stratification period increased. K, P, Mg, Ca and Na content rose as the stratification period increased. The ginsenoside Re content of Chunpoong and K-1 cultivar seeds also rose as the stratification period increased which meant that total ginsenoside content increased. However, ginsenoside Re content rose in Geumpoong and Yunpoong seeds, but total ginsenoside content decreased as the stratification period increased. Conclusions : Some beneficial compound in ginseng seed rose as the stratification period increased. Therefore, ginseng seed stratification could improve the food value of ginseng.

Anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts of ginseng berry (GBE) was investigated through the evaluation of its inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory meditator, nitric oxide(NO), tumor necrocis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells. GBE was fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform, ethy- lacetate, buthanol and H2O, sequentially. RAW264.7 cells were induced 100 ng/㎖ of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and treated with 0, 1.6, 8, 40 and 200 ㎍/㎖ of GBE fractions. LPS-induced NO production on all of GBE fractions was inhibited with increasing added concentration of GBE fractions. Chloroform fraction of GBE was the most effective in inhibiting LPS- induced TNF-α production. Hexane, chloroform and H2O fractions of GBE exhibit strong inhibition LPS-induced IL-6 pro- duction. Especially, H2O fractions of GBE was the most effective in inhibiting LPD-induced IL-6 production without signifi- cant cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 cells, and reduced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and IkB phosphorylation. These results indicate that H2O fractions of GBE exhibits strong anti-inflammatory effects by inhibition of NF-kB by inhibition of p-38 on MAPK and IkB phosphorylation.

*Geumsan Ginseng & Medicinal Crop Experiment Station, CNARES, Geumsan 312-823, Korea.**Yeongdong Agriculture Technology Center, Yeongdong 370-702, Korea.ABSTRACT : This study was carried to investigate the effect of illite addition on the growth, bioactive components andvolatile compounds of leaf on Saururus chinensis Baill cultivation in greenhouse. Illite addition on Saururus chinensis Baillcultivation resulted no significant effects on the aerial part. However, the root part was highest in 5% illite addition group.Crude oil and ash amount increased as illite additives was increased. Ca of inorganics and free sugars contents were highestin 5% and 20% illite addition, respectively. Hyperoside and isoquercetin of available component on leaf were highest in 5%illite addition group, 4.02㎎/g and 4.31㎎/g, respectively. The volatile compounds in Saururus chinensis Baill leaf culturedwith illite addition amounts were isolated by solid-phase microextraction fiber (polydimethysiloxane 65 ㎛) and identifed bygas chromatogtaphy mass spectrometry. As the results, the 22 volatile compounds were identified from in Saururus chinen-sis Baill leaf and major volatile compounds were the α-cadinol (18.50%), myristicin (16.46%), methyl-9-methyl-tetrade-canoate (10.22%), and γ-muurolene (9.75%). Especially, the content of α-cadinol was highest in 5% illite addition group andγ-muurolene on overall illite addition group was lower than no addition group.Key Words : Saururus chinensis Baill, Illite, Quercetin, Volatile Compounds, α-Cadinol

This study was carried out to utilize the byproducts (flower, immature and mature berry, leaf and stem) of ginseng. Yield of byproducts were 32.7 ± 9.8 g in flower, 68.2 ± 2.2 g in immature berry, 48.5 ± 4.3 g in mature berry, 316.2 ± 20.5 g in leaf, and 296.6 ± 15.4 g in stem per 3.3 ㎡ (180 ×9 0㎝, ginseng root 675.5 ± 35.7 g/drybasis). The total saponin contents of ginseng byproducts and root are 52.36 ± 1.24, 68.71 ± 1.98, 168.89 ± 0.57, 68.26 ± 1.32, 7.85 ± 0.61 and 35.08 ± 0.96 ㎎/g, respectively. The main ginsenoside of all byproducts was Re and the highest content was 132.23 ± 1.56 ㎎/ g in mature berry. But flower and berry was not detected Rf and Rh1, respectively. Total polyphenolic compound content on mature berry was the highest, 2.242 ± 0.140%, after, immature berry > leaf > flower > root > stem order. The DPPH radi- cal scavenging activity on mature berry was the highest, 0.115 ± 0.004 ㎎/mL(IC50), and the others were the same order of polyphenolic compound and ginsenoside content on byproducts.