Search

Phasor measurement units (PMUs) provide synchronized measurements to enhance power system monitoring, strategically placed to achieve full network observability with minimal cost. In this paper, the PMU placement problem for critical buses is addressed using integer linear programming, taking into account both PMU contingencies and the impact of zero-injection buses. The primary contribution is the development of a multi-stage approach to place PMUs on critical buses. Moreover, it is demonstrated that considering PMU contingencies inherently accounts for line contingencies. Furthermore, a new performance metric, the Bus Coverage Index (BCI), is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of the placement strategy. This index overcomes the limitations of existing indices, such as the Sum of Redundancy Index (SORI) and Bus Observability Index (BOI). The results are tested on various IEEE benchmark systems under four different cases, showing significantly improved results in terms of network observability and minimized number of PMUs. In Case 1, SORI values improved significantly for the IEEE 7 and IEEE 118 bus systems, while in Case 2, enhancements were observed in the IEEE 30 and IEEE 118 systems. Case 3 demonstrated consistency in results across systems. Notably, in Case 4, the number of required PMUs was reduced in the IEEE 30, IEEE 57, IEEE 118, and New England 39 bus systems, with complete network observability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The optimal PMU placement problem is placing the minimum number of PMUs in the network to ensure complete network observability. It is an NP-complete optimization problem. PMU placement based on cost and critical nodes is solved separately in the literature. This paper proposes a novel approach, a degree of centrality in the objective function, to combine the effect of both strategies to place PMUs in the power network optimally. The contingency analysis and the effect of zero-injection buses are solved to ensure the reliability of network monitoring and attain a minimum number of PMUs. Integer linear programming is used on the IEEE 7-bus, IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 30-bus, New England 39-bus, IEEE 57-bus, and IEEE 118-bus systems to solve this problem. The results are evaluated based on two performance measures: the bus observability index (BOI) and the sum of redundancy index (SORI). On comparison, it is found that the proposed methodology has significantly improved results, i.e., a reduced number of PMUs and increased network overall observability (SORI). This methodology is more practical for implementation as it focuses on critical nodes. Along with improvement in the results, the limitations of existing indices are also discussed for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Phasor measurement unit (PMU) technology is a need of the power system due to its better resolution than conventional estimation devices used for wide-area monitoring. PMUs can provide synchronized phasor and magnitude of voltage and current measurements for state estimation of the power system to prevent blackouts. The drawbacks of a PMU are the high cost of the device and its installation. The main aspect of using PMUs in electrical networks is the property to observe the adjacent buses, thereby making it possible to observe the system with fewer PMUs than the number of buses through their optimal placement. In the last two decades, exhaustive research has been done on this issue. Considering the importance of this field, a comprehensive review of the progress achieved until now is carried out and the limitations of existing reviews in the literature are highlighted. This paper can be seen as a major attempt to provide an up-to-date review of the research work carried out in this all-important field of PMU placement and indicates that some perspectives of optimal PMU placement still need attention. Eventually, the work will open a new standpoint for the research community to fill the research gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...