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The article presents the statements of the leading Russian social thinkers, pointing out the historical, political, philosophical and theological dimensions of the First World War. This war has become a turning point in Russian history, a new point of philosophical reflection as well as an important point of identification and self-determination of individuals and communities

Urpose of the article is to reveal the image of Russian philosophy, which is formed by American researchers involved in the study of Russian intellectual history, mostly experts in the field of slavistik.

This article is devoted to the stage of primary reception of pragmatism in Russian philosophical culture. The author is focused on the founder of the "imaginary logic" N. A Vasiliev (1880-1940), who attempted to describe and identify the essence of the pragmatism. It's interesting for us as historians of philosophical ideas because by 1908 pragmatism has taken various forms and captured the minds of European (and Russian) intellectual community.

The article helms the reader to the analysis of the historical and philosophical background of the Master of Philosophy academic degree in Russian intellectual circles of the 19th and 20th centuries. Special emphasis is given to the university education while the related phenomena in «theological academies» are left unattended. The author draws on memoirs and official documents to highlight various landmarks pertaining to the process of Russian student development into the Master of Philosophy: preparation for the examination, examination, dispute, debate with opponents, dissertation, professional career.

The article deals with the application of information and communication technologies in the formation and use of innovative educational programs in modern universities.

The article devotes to the initial stage of I.S. Turgenev’s creativity path, when he intended to devote himself to philosophy. The first part of the historical and philosophical research covers the studentship stage of his life, Turgenev’s involvement to the University course of philosophy primarily in Moscow, then in St. Petersburg universities. Everything happened at Moscow University due to Professor M.G. Pavlov, Shelling’s philosophy follower, who was teaching physics in a philosophical format. He listened course of lectures on metaphysics at St.-Petersburg University, given by A. A. Fisher, who was one of the first who started to teach philosophy in accordance with Uvarov’s ideological triade “Orthodoxy, Autocracy and Nationality”. The second part touches upon the period of education abroad. After he had finished the philological faculty of St.-Petersburg University in 1837, he became convinced that Russian universities could provide only preliminary education and real source of knowledge could be found only abroad; that is why he goes “to finish his education” in Berlin. There he studied ancient languages, history and Hegel’s philosophy under the guidance of Professor Werder. Turgenev also prepared different parts of Shelling’s teaching for publishing in Russian periodic, after famous philosopher had given lectures in University of Berlin. The last part of this article gives a picture of Turgenev attempts to receive masters’ degree and tries to take place at the Department of Philosophy. At the beginning of 1842, after presenting the diploma of candidate, granted by St.-Petersburg University, he asked Moscow University Council to give him a permission to receive the masters’ degree; his utter motive was to occupy the place at the Department of Philosophy, which was vacant for a long time. But he failed to do so in Moscow and moved to St.-Petersburg, where he tried to pass exams needed to get degree again. However, he failed again due to not giving the dissertation work; as the result, he didn’t receive masters’ degree and, furthermore, he dedicated himself entirely to literature. However, Turgenev saved his interest to philosophical problems, which he tried to solve in prose format.