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FeWO4 was synthesized by a simple solvothermal method. The band structure of FeWO4 was investigated on the basis of density functional theory calculations. The FeWO4 photocatalyst showed lower photocatalytic activity for the degradation of doxycycline hydrochloride under visible light irradiation. Kinetic studies using radical scavenger technologies suggested that hydroxyl radicals were the dominant photo-oxidants. In order to enhance the photocatalytic activity of FeWO4, FeWO4 was used to activate peroxymonosulfate to degrade doxycycline hydrochloride under visible light irradiation. The influences of the peroxymonosulfate dosage, doxycycline hydrochloride concentration, inorganic anions, natural organic matter and pH value on activating peroxymonosulfate to degrade doxycycline hydrochloride were investigated in detail. The mechanism of FeWO4 activating peroxymonosulfate was proposed and proved by radical quenching experiments, electron spin resonance analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, transient photocurrent responses and cyclic voltammetry. It can be found that the combined activation effects of photo-generated electrons and transition metals on peroxymonosulfate to produce sulfate radicals could enhance the degradation efficiency obviously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MIL-53Fe was prepared by a simple solvothermal method, and the MIL-53Fe photocatalysts showed low photocatalytic activity for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride under visible light irradiation. After combination with TiO2, the photocatalytic activity of MIL-53Fe was enhanced obviously. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the MIL-53Fe@TiO2 photocatalysts could be attributed to the effective separation of the photogenerated e−/h+ pairs. In order to further enhance the degradation efficiency of MIL-53Fe@TiO2, it was used to activate peroxymonosulfate to degrade tetracycline hydrochloride. The influencing factors on the activation of peroxymonosulfate to degrade tetracycline hydrochloride were investigated in detail. The mechanism of MIL-53Fe@TiO2 activation of peroxymonosulfate was investigated by radical quenching experiments, which proved that holes and sulfate radicals controlled the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride. Cycle experiments showed that the photodegradation efficiency did not change obviously after the catalyst was recycled three times. This study provided a new way that the synergetic effect of photocatalysis and peroxymonosulfate activation by transition metal was used for efficient photocatalytic degradation in the field of antibiotic removal, hoping to provide new ideas for the development of metal–organic frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MFeO3 (M = La or Bi) photocatalysts were synthesized via a sol–gel process. The MFeO3 photocatalysts showed lower photocatalytic activity for the degradation of doxycycline hydrochloride under visible light irradiation. After the MFeO3 nanoparticles were loaded in the channels of SBA-15, the photocatalytic activity of MFeO3/SBA-15 was enhanced by nine and two times compared to that of pure LaFeO3 and BiFeO3, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the MFeO3/SBA-15 photocatalysts could be attributed to their larger surface areas. In order to further enhance the degradation efficiency for doxycycline hydrochloride, MFeO3/SBA-15 was used to activate peroxymonosulfate; the Vis/MFeO3/SBA-15/PMS system showed the best activity in the degradation of doxycycline hydrochloride, which was two and three times higher than that of the Vis/LaFeO3/SBA-15 and Vis/BiFeO3/SBA-15 systems, respectively. The influences of PMS dosage, pH value, temperature, natural organic matter, inorganic anions and doxycycline hydrochloride concentration on the degradation rates were investigated in detail. The PMS activation mechanisms induced by MFeO3/SBA-15 were examined by radical quenching, electron paramagnetic resonance tracing methods and photoluminescence spectral characterization. It was found that the photogenerated e−/h+ and the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox pairs on the surface of MFeO3/SBA-15 could synergistically activate PMS to produce sulfate radical, and the sulfate radical was the main active substance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe2(MoO4)3 photocatalysts were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. Fe2(MoO4)3 photocatalysts showed lower photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. After compositing with g-C3N4, the photocatalytic activity of Fe2(MoO4)3 was enhanced obviously. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the g-C3N4/Fe2(MoO4)3 photocatalysts could be attributed to the effective separation of the photogenerated e−/h+ pairs. In order to further enhance the degradation efficiency of g-C3N4/Fe2(MoO4)3, g-C3N4/Fe2(MoO4)3 was used to double activate peroxymonosulfate to degrade methylene blue. The influences of peroxymonosulfate dosage, pH value, inorganic anions and methylene blue concentration on double activating peroxymonosulfate to degrade methylene blue were investigated in detail. The mechanism of g-C3N4/Fe2(MoO4)3 double activating peroxymonosulfate was proved by radical quenching experiments, which proved that SO4˙− dominated the degradation of methylene blue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bi2MoO6 nanoflakes are synthesized via a normal hydrothermal method. Bi2MoO6 photocatalysts show lower photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. In order to further enhance the degradation efficiency, Bi2MoO6 is used to activate the peroxymonosulfate for the degradation of methylene blue under visible light. Bi2MoO6 nanoflakes show excellent degradation efficiency in the Bi2MoO6/Vis/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system. Moreover, the influences of PMS dosage, pH value, and inorganic anions on photodegradation are evaluated. The mechanism of activating peroxymonosulfate is proved by radical quenching experiment, which reveals that sulfate radicals govern the removal of methylene blue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bi2WO6/Bi2MoO6 heterostructured photocatalys had been synthesized by a refluxing method. And the photocatalytic activity of Bi2WO6/Bi2MoO6 heterostructured photocatalysts was better than Bi2WO6. The enhancement in photocatalysis activity belonged to the match of energy level between the Bi2MoO6 and Bi2WO6. In order to further enhance the photocatalytic activity of Bi2WO6/Bi2MoO6, Bi2WO6/Bi2MoO6 was used to activate peroxymonosulfate to photodegradate methylene blue. The mechanism of activating peroxymonosulfate was proved by radical quenching experiment which revealed that sulfate radicals governed the removal of methylene blue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel visible-light-driven heterobimetallic cluster {[WOS 3 Cu 3 Br(bip) 2.5 ]·H 2 O} n (bip = 4,4′-bis(imidazol-1-yl)phenyl) (1) photocatalyst was successfully synthesized under hydrothermal condition, via the partial substitution of bromine of the precursor cluster [WOS 3 Cu 3 Br 6 ]+ with 4,4′-bis(imidazol-1-yl)phenyl. The obtained two-dimensional polymer with unprecedented double layers was constructed from incomplete cubane-like cluster serving as a 5-connected node [WOS 3 Cu 3 ]+ and linear bridging ligand 4,4′-bis(imidazol-1-yl)phenyl. The photocatalytic activity of 1 was firstly investigated under visible light irradiation in the presence of H 2 O 2 by monitoring the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB), which shows effective photocatalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel recoverable visible-light photocatalyst, amorphous Fe 2 TiO 5 /C composite, was prepared via nonhydrolytic sol-gel method with carbon-containing precursors as in-situ carbon sources. It is demonstrated that the precursors, iron ethoxide and butyl titanate, react to form Fe-O-Ti bonds in gel through a ether elimination reaction and amorphous Fe 2 TiO 5 at 300 °C, which finally crystallizes at 600 °C. The residual organic groups form uniform-doped C. Interestingly, the photocatalytic activity of amorphous Fe 2 TiO 5 /C is distinctly superior to those of its crystalline counterparts without C and P25 (43-fold increase and 12-fold increase, respectively), which is mainly attributed to the incorporation of C (8.17 wt%) and amorphous Fe 2 TiO 5 with a hollow spherical structure and a high BET surface area of 195.5 m2/g. Importantly, the photocatalyst can be recovered with a recovery rate of 100% simply by an external magnetic field, making it have promising applications in the wastewater treatment field. Unlabelled Image • Novel Fe 2 TiO 5 /C photocatalyst with hollow sphere structure is designed. • Designed nonhydrolytic sol-gel route is employed for the in situ synthesis of Fe 2 TiO 5 /C photocatalyst. • Fe 2 TiO 5 /C composite shows highly excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity and recyclability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract CuO nanosheets were deposited on the surface of TiO 2 nanotube arrays by a SILAR method. The visible light photocurrent density of TiO 2 NTs/CuO (M) was 19.81 mA/cm2, the photovoltage was −0.59 V/cm2, the flat band was −0.53 V, and the carrier concentration was 5.57 × 1019 cm−3. The TiO 2 NTs/CuO (M) showed the optimal photoelectrocatalytic removal efficiencies of methyl orange, rhodamine B, methyl blue and Cr(VI). Highlights • CuO nanosheets were deposited on TiO 2 nanotube arrays by a SILAR method. • The TiO 2 NTs/CuO (M) photoelectrode showed the excellent photoelectrochemical properties. • The PEC mechanism of TiO 2 NTs/CuO photocatalysts was proposed. Abstract The CuO nanosheets were deposited on the surface of TiO 2 nanotube arrays (TiO 2 NTs/CuO) by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method at 90 °C. The results indicated that the reactant concentration influenced the morphology, visible light response and corresponding photoelectrochemical performances of TiO 2 NTs/CuO. The TiO 2 NTs/CuO (M) prepared in 0.04 mol/L of Cu2+ solution possessed the highest visible light photocurrent (19.81 mA/cm2), photovoltage (−0.59 V/cm2) and charge carrier concentration (5.57 × 1019 cm−3) among these photoelectrodes. Beside, the TiO 2 NTs/CuO (M) photoelectrode could achieve rapid pollutant removal, and the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) efficiencies for RhB, MO, MB and Cr(VI) were 55.36%, 48.28%, 89.61% and 74.76% under solar irradiation, respectively. Hence, the novel TiO 2 NTs/CuO (M) photoelectrode would exhibit excellent property in the applications of solar cells and photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]