1. The Effect of Conjugation on the Competition between Internal Conversion and Electron Detachment: A Comparison between Green Fluorescent and Red Kaede Protein Chromophores
- Author
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Lluís Blancafort, Helen H. Fielding, Kiri Addison, Yohan Chan, Jamie Tay, Lijuan Zhang, Helen C. Hailes, Stephen R. Meech, Philip C. Bulman Page, and Michael A. Parkes
- Subjects
010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Quantum yield ,Electronic structure ,Chromophore ,010402 general chemistry ,Photochemistry ,Internal conversion (chemistry) ,01 natural sciences ,Fluorescence ,0104 chemical sciences ,Green fluorescent protein ,Excited state ,General Materials Science ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Kaede - Abstract
Kaede, an analogue of green fluorescent protein (GFP), is a green-to-red photoconvertible fluorescent protein used as an in vivo ‘optical highlighter’ in bioimaging. The fluorescence quantum yield of the red Kaede protein is lower than that of GFP, suggesting that increasing the conjugation modifies the electronic relaxation pathway. Using a combination of anion photoelectron spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations, we find that the isolated red Kaede protein chromophore in the gas phase is deprotonated at the imidazole ring, unlike the GFP chromophore that is deprotonated at the phenol ring. We find evidence of an efficient electronic relaxation pathway from higher lying electronically excited states to the S1 state of the red Kaede chromophore that is not accessible in the GFP chromophore. Rapid autodetachment from high lying vibrational states of S1 is found to compete efficiently with internal conversion to the ground electronic state.
- Published
- 2017