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Objective: Assessment of post surface conditioners [sulfuric acid (SA), Rose Bengal (RB), and sandblasting (SB)] and different luting cements [methyl methacrylate (MMA)-based cement and composite-based cement] on pushout bond strength (PBS) of poly-ether ether-ketone (PEEK) post bonded to canal dentin. Materials and methods: Endodontic treatment was performed on 120 single-rooted human premolar teeth. The preparation of the post space was performed and 4mm of gutta-percha was retained in the apical region of the root. One hundred and twenty PEEK posts were fabricated from a PEEK blank utilizing a Computer aided design-Computer aided manufacture (CAD-CAM) system. The PEEK posts were allocated randomly into four groups based on post surface conditioning (n = 30). Group A: SA, Group B: RB, Group C: SB, and Group D: No conditioning (NC). Each group was further divided into two subgroups based on the luting cement used for bonding (n = 15). Group A1, B1, C1, and D1 specimens were cemented using composite-based resin cement. However, Group A2, B2, C2, and D2 posts were luted with MMA-based resin cement. PBS assessment using a universal testing machine was performed. Failure modes were analyzed under a stereomicroscope. The data relating to the effects of surface treatment and luting types of cement were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test ( p = 0.05). Results: Coronal section of Group B2: RB+Super-Bond C&B [9.61 ± 0.75 megapascals (MPa)] displayed the highest bond scores of PEEK after root dentin. Whereas it was also discovered that Group D1: NC+Panavia®V5 (2.05 ± 0.72 MPa) presented the lowest PBS scores. Intergroup comparison analysis revealed that Group A2: SA+Super-Bond C&B and Group B2: RB+Super-Bond C&B displayed no significant difference in their bond scores. Conclusions: RB and SA possess the potential to be used as a PEEK post conditioner. MMA-based cement displayed better performance than composite-based cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Utilizing curcumin activated by microbubble emulsion effectively disinfected canal dentin and showed positive outcomes in Vickers hardness. • Glass fiber post into the radicular wall resulted in a strong connection between the post and the canal dentin when canal dentin irrigated with curcumin activated with MBE. • Among groups majority of failures were adhesive. Impact of different post-space disinfectants (Saline, Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) followed by ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and curcumin activated by microbubble emulsion (MBE) on the Vickers hardness (VH) of root canal dentin and extrusion bond strength (EBS) of Glass fiber post (GFP) and PEEK post. Ninety maxillary central incisors having fully formed roots were included. After the specimen's disinfection, root canal treatment was completed. Post space was prepared by removing gutta-percha using gates glidden drills. Teeth were then arbitrarily allocated into three groups based on the methods of disinfection regime used. Group 1: Saline, Group 2: NaOCl+ EDTA and Group 3: Curcumin activated by MBE (n = 30). Analysis of VH of radicular dentin was performed using a micro-Vickers tester on ten samples from each group. After post-space disinfection, twenty specimens from each group were further divided into two subgroups (n = 10) In group-1A 2A, and 3A, GFP was used. Whereas, prefabricated PEEK posts were used in 1B, 2B, and 3B subgroups. The PBS and failure modes were performed using a universal testing machine and stereomicroscope respectively. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test to identify significant variations among groups concerning the MH and EBS of the different posts used (p = 0.05). Group 2 (5.25 % NaOCl + 17 % EDTA) (0.15 ± 0.02 GPa) treated specimens presented lowest scores of VH. However, Group 1 (Saline) irrigated canals displayed the highest scores of surface hardness (0.25 ± 0.07 GPa). Additionally, a cervical third of 3A (CP activated by MBE + GFP) (11.22 ± 0.79 MPa) presented the highest scores of bond integrity. Whereas Group 1B (Saline + PEEK post) treated specimens presented the lowest scores of PBS (4.15 ± 0.15 MPa). Curcumin activated by microbubble emulsion for disinfection of canal dentin demonstrated favorable VH. Similarly, glass fiber post-cemented in radicular walls disinfected with curcumin activated with MBE showed promising post-bond integrity to the canal dentin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The aim was to assess the infleucne of antioxidants on the bond strength and microleakage of bleached enamel to composite. • Er: YAG laser presented higher microleakage compared to other investigated groups. • No difference was observed in the bond scores and microleakage among Groups 2 (10% SA), 3 (6.5% GSE), 4 (5% GTE) and 6 (CP) treated speciemens. Bleached enamel reversal using antioxidants sodium ascorbate (SA), Green tea extract (GTE), grape seed extract (GSE), Curcumin photosensitizer (CP) and Er: YAG laser on the adhesive strength and marginal leakage of composite material bonded to the bleached enamel surface. Enamel surface of hundred and twenty sound human first premolar teeth was cleansed using pumice and bleached with 35 % hydrogen peroxide. The samples were randomly divided into 5 groups based on the antioxidants used. n = 20 Group 1 (Control): No antioxidant agent, Group 2: 10 % SA solution, Group 3: 6.5 % GSE, Group 4: 5 % GTE, Group 5: Er: YAG laser and Group 6: CP. Following reversal, the composite was built and cured for 40 s. All the specimens were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 1 day. Microleakage, SBS, and failure mode were analyzed. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey's multiple post hoc test were used to analyze the data statistically. Group 2 (SA) (20.11 ± 5.79 nm) exhibited minimum value of microleakage and highest SBS (10.22 ± 1.62 MPa). Whereas, Group 1 (No antioxidant agent) displayed maximum scores of marginal leakage (28.11±8.89 nm) and lowest SBS (7.02 ± 1.22 MPa). CP, GTE and GSE can be used as a potential alternative to the commonly used SA solution to reverse the negative impact of bleaching on the enamel surface. The use of reversal agents CP, GTE and GSE improves bond values with a decrease in microleakage scores However, future studies are still warranted to conclude the outcomes of the existing study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The highest bacterial survival was noted with malachite green. • The lowest bacterial survival was noted with CHX. • The highest SBS was exhibited by the CAD disinfected with OS. • The lowest SBS values were displayed by NYL-treated species. Evaluation of survival of S.mutans and shear bond strength (SBS) of adhesive restorative material bonded to carious affected dentin (CAD) after using cavity disinfectant i.e., Er, Cr: YSGG (ECYL), (Nd: YAG) (NYL), Malachite green (MG), Ocimum sanctum (OS) in comparison to the conventional control chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX). Seventy-five caries-affected mandibular third molars having ICDAS scores 4 and 5 were included. Carious infected dentin was eliminated and CAD surface was obtained. On twenty-five samples, an uncontaminated suspension of S. mutans strain ATCC 35,668 in Brain-Heart Infusion broth (BHI) was obtained after 12 h of incubation at 37 °C. Based on the disinfection regime used to sterilize the CAD surface, all the specimens were allocated into five different groups. (n = 15) Group 1: CAD disinfected with CHX, Group 2: CAD disinfected with ECYL, Group 3: CAD disinfected with NYL, Group 4: CAD disinfected with MG, and Group 5: CAD disinfected with OS. An assessment of the survival rate of S. mutans was performed. Fifty specimens were smeared with single-step adhesive bond followed by restoring the CAD surface using packable composite. SBS and failure mode were determined using a universal testing machine and stereomicroscope at 40x magnification. ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey-Kramer test was used for data analysis p = 0.05. Group 1: CHX-treated specimens displayed the lowest bacterial viability (0.11±0.03 CFU/mL). However, group 4: MG exhibited the highest bacterial survival (0.15 ± 0.09 CFU/mL). The highest and lowest SBS of resin adhesive bonded to disinfected CAD surface were exhibited by (group 5: OS) (21.48±1.39 MPa) and (group 3: NYL) (16.41±0.90 MPa) respectively (p >0.05). Ocimum sanctum seems to be promising in terms of its antibacterial efficacy against S.mutans and positive impact on SBS of resin adhesive to CAD surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The highest extrusion bond strength was achieved in samples treated with curcumin photosensitizer (PS). • The lowest extrusion bond strength was observed in canal irrigated with conventional 5.25% NaOCl + 17% EDTA. • PS activated with PDT improved extrusion bond strength at all root levels compared to control. To evaluate the effect of different photosensitizer on extrusion bond strength of glass fiber post to radicular dentin. Forty maxillary and mandibular central incisors were disinfected and decoronated. Mechanical instrumentation of canal was performed using protaper NiTi. Shaping and cleaning of canal comprised of S1, S2, SX with finishing files F1 and F2, followed by continuous irrigation. Canals were dried and obturated with gutta percha. Peso reamers were used to prepare post space. Based on the photosensitizers (PS) used, the samples were divided into three groups (n = 10). Group 1: treated with methylene blue photosensitizer (MBP) at 50 mg/l, Group 2: Curcumin photosensitizer (CP) at 500 mg/l, Group 3: canal space was filled with Toluidine blue photosensitizer (TB) at 100 mg/l. All photosensitizers were activated using different lasers. The samples in group 4 (control) were irrigated using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) + 17% ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA). Posts were cemented and teeth were sectioned into coronal, middle and apical sections. All sections were placed in universal testing machine to evaluate extrusion bond strength in megapascal (MPa). Fracture pattern analysis of samples were seen under stereomicroscope at 50x magnification and categorized into adhesive, cohesive and admixed. Assessment of extrusion bond strength was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparison test (p = 0.05). The highest bond strength was achieved in group 2, including samples treated with curcumin photosensitizer (CP) at all three root levels; cervical (9.01 ± 1.62 MPa), middle (7.95 ± 0.75 MPa) and apical (5.81 ± 0.15 MPa). Whereas, the lowest extrusion bond strength was observed in group 4 (canal irrigated with conventional 5.25% NaOCl +17% EDTA) at coronal (6.10 ± 1.77 MPa), middle (5.11 ± 0.75 MPa) and apical one-thirds (3.65 ± 0.14 MPa). Intra group comparison revealed decrease in extrusion bond strength from coronal to apical direction. Moreover, both group 2 and group 3 showed statistically significant difference to samples in control group and group 1. (p < 0.05). TB and CP at concentration of 100 mg/l and 500 mg/l has the potential to be used as an alternate to conventional cleaning regime. TB and CP at this concentration when activated with PDT is likely to improve extrusion bond values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]