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Traditional combination therapy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) is limited in the field of clinical cancer therapy due to activation by light with separate wavelengths, insufficient O 2 supply, antioxidant ability of glutathione (GSH) in tumor cell, and low penetration depth of light. Here, a multifunctional nanoplatform composed of MoO 3-x nanosheets, Ag nanocubes, and MnO 2 nanoparticles was developed to overcome these drawbacks. For this nanoplatform, hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were simultaneously generated under single 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. Once this nanoplatform accumulated in the tumor region, GSH was depleted by MnO 2 and intracellular H 2 O 2 was catalyzed by MnO 2 to produce O 2 to relieve hypoxia. Ultrasound (US) imaging confirmed in-situ O 2 generation. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, photoacoustic (PA) imaging, and fluorescence imaging were used to monitor in vivo biodistribution of nanomaterials. This provides a paradigm to rationally design a single NIR laser induced multimodal imaging-guided efficient PDT/PTT cancer strategy. [Display omitted] • Hyperthermia and ROS were simultaneously generated under single 808 nm NIR light irradiation. • The depletion of GSH and the decomposition of endogenous H 2 O 2 for generating oxygen against hypoxic. • Multimodal imaging can visualize the tumor site for pretreatment guidance and real-time monitoring in the PTT/PDT treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunotherapy is an efficient approach to clinical oncology. However, the immune privilege of the central nervous system (CNS) limits the application of immunotherapeutic strategies for brain cancers, especially glioblastoma (GBM). Tumor resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors is a further challenge in immunotherapies. To overcome the immunological tolerance of brain tumors, a novel multifunctional nanoparticle (NP) for highly efficient synergetic immunotherapy is reported. The NP contains an anti‐PDL1 antibody (aPDL1), upconverting NPs, and the photosensitizer 5‐ALA; the surface of the NP is conjugated with the B1R kinin ligand to facilitate transport across the blood‐tumor‐barrier. Upon irradiation with a 980 nm laser, 5‐ALA is transformed into protoporphyrin IX, generating reactive oxygen species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) further promotes intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and sensitizes tumors to PDL1 blockade therapy. It is demonstrated that combining PDT and aPDL1 can effectively suppress GBM growth in mouse models. The proposed NPs provide a novel and effective strategy for boosting anti‐GBM photoimmunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microorganism invasion is still a severe threat for wound healing, which usually induces severe complications and cannot be eradicated completely. Thus, a biodegradable nanomaterial for guarding against bacteria-associated wound infection and accelerating wound healing is of vital importance. Here, black phosphorus nanosheets (BPs) were successfully decorated with cationic carbon dots (CDs) through an in situ growth strategy. The BPs@CDs exhibit photon-responsiveness and contact-responsiveness as an antibacterial agent, which shorten wound healing time. Moreover, the BPs@CDs show available photothermal and photodynamic therapy via exploring their photothermal properties and the ability of singlet-oxygen (1O2) production. Astonishingly, the BPs@CDs could possess antibacterial activity even without laser illumination due to an electrostatic attraction between bacteria and cationic CDs on the surface of BPs. This chemical therapy causes the antibacterial process to occur more accurately and for a faster 1O2 release to kill bacteria than in a normal process. Importantly, BPs@CDs display outstanding cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility. In vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrate that the BPs@CDs have enhanced antibacterial effect and can significantly accelerate skin tissue regeneration and wound closure. Given their antibacterial triple-combination therapy and excellent physicochemical properties, the broad application of BPs@CDs in bacteria-associated wound management is anticipated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The FeOCl@PB@PDA@BPQDs@Mn nanocomposites could catalyze H 2 O 2 to generate O 2 and successfully ameliorated tumor hypoxia. • The FeOCl@PB@PDA@BPQDs@Mn nanocomposites showed excellent photothermal performance and ROS generation. • The FeOCl@PB@PDA@BPQDs@Mn nanocomposites can serve as a multimodal imaging agent for MR, PA, and US imaging. • The FeOCl@PB@PDA@BPQDs@Mn nanocomposites can act as an ideal theranostic agent for combined CDT, PDT, and PTT. Herein, a novel tumor microenvironment (TME)-mediated nanotheranostics platform of iron oxychloride (FeOCl) nanorods coated with Prussian Blue (PB), polydopamine (PDA), black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) and chelated with Mn2+ was prepared. In the highly integrated nanoplatform (FeOCl@PB@PDA@BPQDs@Mn), FeOCl catalysts exhibit supreme efficiency to yield hydroxyl radicals (•OH) by H 2 O 2 decomposition for chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Moreover, the PB, FeOCl, and Mn2+ have a catalase-like activity that catalyze H 2 O 2 to release of O 2 in the TME. Upon laser irradiation, the BPQDs transform O 2 to a singlet oxygen (1O 2) to self-enhance photodynamic therapy (PDT). Additionally, as a result of the high near-infrared (NIR) absorption rate and efficient photothermal conversion of PB and PDA, FeOCl@PB@PDA@BPQDs@Mn nanocomposites (NCs) are capable to work as ideal theranostic agents for photothermal therapy (PTT) in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, FeOCl@PB@PDA@BPQDs@Mn NCs can also serve as multimodal imaging agents in different methods, such as magnetic resonance (MR), photoacoustic (PA), and ultrasound (US) imaging. Among the tumor models of mice, CDT, PDT, and PTT that combined with multimodal imaging achieved a more significant synergistic therapeutic result compared to any single treatment modality alone. Therefore, the multifunctional nanosystem in this study possesses tremendous potential in providing a satisfying paradigm for effective tumor treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]