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A dual-core D-shape photonic crystal fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance is designed and analyzed numerically by the finite element method employing the perfectly matched layer boundary conditions. The resonance peaks shift as the analyte refractive indexes are varied. An average sensitivity of 17,200 nm / RIU is achieved in the RI range between 1.40 and 1.44 and the corresponding resolution is 5.8 × 10 − 6 RIU. The various factors affecting the sensing properties are assessed and in particular, the combined effects of two variables are evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circular photonic crystal fiber consisting of doped amethyst and big and small round air holes is designed to support transmission of 118 orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in the range of 1.2 to 1.65 μm. Numerical analysis by the finite element method (FEM) reveals that the effective index difference of all the modes are larger than 1 × 10 − 4, which can propagate OAM modes stably. The nonlinear coefficient is 0.583 W − 1 km − 1 at 1.55 μm, which is very low and helps to reduce mode coupling. In addition, the confinement loss of the eigenmode is between 10 − 12 and 10 − 8 dB / m. The dispersion is very flat for the low-order mode HE1,1, for which the dispersion variation is just 1.459 ps / (km nm). This fiber has great potential in stable and large-capacity mode propagation in optical communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]