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Terpyridine and quaterpyridine-based complexes allow wide light harvesting of the solar spectrum. Terpyridines, with respect to bipyridines, allow for achieving metal-complexes with lower band gaps in the metal-to-ligand transition (MLCT), thus providing a better absorption at lower energy wavelengths resulting in an enhancement of the solar light-harvesting ability. Despite the wider absorption of the first tricarboxylate terpyridyl ligand-based complex, Black Dye (BD), dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) performances are lower if compared with N719 or other optimized bipyridine-based complexes. To further improve BD performances several modifications have been carried out in recent years affecting each component of the complexes: terpyridines have been replaced by quaterpyridines; other metals were used instead of ruthenium, and thiocyanates have been replaced by different pinchers in order to achieve cyclometalated or heteroleptic complexes. The review provides a summary on design strategies, main synthetic routes, optical and photovoltaic properties of terpyridine and quaterpyridine ligands applied to photovoltaic, and focuses on n-type DSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A NIR absorbing squaraine dye has been synthesized as a sensitizer for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Following computational calculations, a benz[cd]indole moiety was selected as an electron-rich heterocyclic component and condensed with indole-based emisquaraine bearing a carboxyl group, as an anchor for their immobilization on TiO2, to obtain an unsymmetrical squaraine with extended absorption due to its extensive π conjugation. The cells based on this dye exhibited a spectral response in the near-infrared region over 750 nm in addition to the visible region with a light absorption edge at 900 nm. The cells showed 1.1% efficiency and Incident Photon Current Efficiency (IPCE) of 36% at 800 nm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]