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In this paper, fast acting dc-link voltage-based energy management schemes are proposed for a hybrid energy storage system fed by solar photovoltaic (PV) energy. Using the proposed control schemes, quick fluctuations of load are supplied by the supercapacitors and the average load demand is controlled by the batteries. Fast dc-link voltage, effective energy management, and reduced current stress on battery are the main features achieved from the proposed control schemes. The effectiveness of the proposed control schemes are compared with the unified cascaded control. Small-signal control gains are formulated to design the voltage and current loops of the proposed energy management schemes. Detailed stability analysis is also presented to find the boundary values of compensator gains. In addition, a high-gain PV converter is proposed for extraction of maximum power from the solar panels. High voltage gain, reduced reverse recovery of diodes, and less duty cycle operation are the key features obtained from the proposed high-gain converter. The validity of the proposed energy management schemes with high-gain converter is verified by the detailed simulation and experimental studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Converter system that does both dc–dc conversion and dc–ac conversion in a single stage is called a single-stage converter system (SSCS). Compared to a two-stage converter, SSCS is more efficient and compact in size. In this paper, a grid-connected SSCS (GCSS) system for photovoltaic (PV) applications is presented. This GCSS transfers power from PV to grid while tracking maximum power point (MPP) continuously. The proposed system has several desirable features such as low switching loss, high gain, and compact size that makes this GCSS suitable for PV systems, where the PV system output voltage is low and varies with time. Design of the presented GCSS components with necessary equations and derivation of both current control loop and voltage control loop required for operation are given. Proposed GCSS is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Detailed simulation and experimental results are given to verify the efficacy of the proposed GCSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]