1. Community Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Disproportionately Affects the Latinx Population During Shelter-in-Place in San Francisco
- Author
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Chamie, Gabriel, Marquez, Carina, Crawford, Emily, Peng, James, Petersen, Maya, Schwab, Daniel, Schwab, Joshua, Martinez, Jackie, Jones, Diane, Black, Douglas, Gandhi, Monica, Kerkhoff, Andrew D, Jain, Vivek, Sergi, Francesco, Jacobo, Jon, Rojas, Susana, Tulier-Laiwa, Valerie, Gallardo-Brown, Tracy, Appa, Ayesha, Chiu, Charles, Rodgers, Mary, Hackett, John, Consortium, CLIAhub, Kistler, Amy, Hao, Samantha, Kamm, Jack, Dynerman, David, Batson, Joshua, Greenhouse, Bryan, DeRisi, Joe, and Havlir, Diane V
- Subjects
Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Coronaviruses ,Infectious Diseases ,Prevention ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Aetiology ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,COVID-19 ,Emergency Shelter ,Humans ,Phylogeny ,SARS-CoV-2 ,San Francisco ,community-based SARS-CoV-2 testing ,asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection ,shelter-in-place ,ethnic disparities ,phylogenetic analysis ,CLIAhub Consortium ,Biological Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Microbiology ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
BackgroundThere is an urgent need to understand the dynamics and risk factors driving ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission during shelter-in-place mandates.MethodsWe offered SARS-CoV-2 reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antibody (Abbott ARCHITECT IgG) testing, regardless of symptoms, to all residents (aged ≥4 years) and workers in a San Francisco census tract (population: 5174) at outdoor, community-mobilized events over 4 days. We estimated SARS-CoV-2 point prevalence (PCR positive) and cumulative incidence (antibody or PCR positive) in the census tract and evaluated risk factors for recent (PCR positive/antibody negative) vs prior infection (antibody positive/PCR negative). SARS-CoV-2 genome recovery and phylogenetics were used to measure viral strain diversity, establish viral lineages present, and estimate number of introductions.ResultsWe tested 3953 persons (40% Latinx; 41% White; 9% Asian/Pacific Islander; and 2% Black). Overall, 2.1% (83/3871) tested PCR positive: 95% were Latinx and 52% were asymptomatic when tested; 1.7% of census tract residents and 6.0% of workers (non-census tract residents) were PCR positive. Among 2598 tract residents, estimated point prevalence of PCR positives was 2.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2%-3.8%): 3.9% (95% CI, 2.0%-6.4%) among Latinx persons vs 0.2% (95% CI, .0-.4%) among non-Latinx persons. Estimated cumulative incidence among residents was 6.1% (95% CI, 4.0%-8.6%). Prior infections were 67% Latinx, 16% White, and 17% other ethnicities. Among recent infections, 96% were Latinx. Risk factors for recent infection were Latinx ethnicity, inability to shelter in place and maintain income, frontline service work, unemployment, and household income
- Published
- 2021