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We examined whether physical activity (PA) influences the association between birth weight and serum leptin in adolescents. The study comprised a total of 538 adolescents (315 girls), aged 12.5-17.49 years, born at term (≥ 37 weeks of gestation). We measured serum leptin levels and time engaged in moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) by accelerometry. There was an interaction effect between birth weight and meeting the PA recommendations (60 min/day MVPA) on leptin levels in girls (P = 0.023) but not in boys (P = 0.809). Birth weight was negatively associated with leptin levels in girls not meeting the PA recommendations (i.e. more than 60 min/day of MVPA) (β = -0.096, P = 0.009), whereas no significant association was observed in those meeting the PA recommendations (β = -0.061, P = 0.433). In conclusion, meeting the PA recommendations may attenuate the negative effect of low birth weight on serum leptin levels in European female adolescents.

Objective: To examine the combined influence of four lifestyle risk factors related to physical activity, television viewing, sleep duration, and meal frequency on body fat (BF) in adolescents. Method: This cross-sectional study comprised 1,310 Spanish adolescents (age 13-18.5 years). Lifestyle variables were self-reported and BF indicators (weight, height, six skinfold thicknesses, waist circumference) measured during the years 2000-2002. Lifestyle risk factors were: physically inactive, ≥3 h/day watching television, a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education (AP2006–02464). a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Health: Maternal, Child Health and Development Network (RD08/0072).

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement between the ActiGraph accelerometer and the Bouchard diary to estimate energy expenditure (EE) in a Spanish adolescent population. Methods: Sixty-one Spanish adolescents, aged 12-16 years, were recruited for this study. The Bouchard diary and the ActiGraph were administered for 3 consecutive days. EE estimated by the Bouchard diary was calculated using 2 different MET category values (BD-Bouchard and BD-Bratteby). EE estimated by the ActiGraph was calculated using 3 predictive equations (AC-Trost, AC-Freedson, and AC-Ekelund). Participants with complete 24 h data were also analyzed to control the possible loss of accuracy. Agreement was examined by Pearson and concordance correlations, paired t-test, and Bland-Altman method. Results: Thirty-seven adolescents were included in the analyses with complete 72 h. Relationships between EE calculated by the Bouchard diary and the ActiGraph were high (ranged: r = 0.61-0.78). Concordance correlations were moderate (r c = 0.60) by BD-Bratteby and AC-Trost, and low using BD-Bratteby and AC-Ekelund (r c = 0.15). EE estimated by BD-Bratteby and AC-Trost also showed no significant differences (P> 0.05) and absolutely agree 0.0 ± 5.0 MJ/d (95% confidence interval: ± 0.90 MJ/d), but with wide limits of agreement (± 9.80 MJ/d). Relationships were higher and differences were smaller in the 72 h sample than in the 24 h sample. Conclusions: The Bouchard diary and the ActiGraph showed high relationships, moderate concordance, and large differences to estimate EE in Spanish adolescents. Advantages, disadvantages, and agreements between both instruments must be taking into consideration for health-related research. Introducción: el objetivo de este estudio ha sido evaluar el grado de acuerdo entre el acelerómetro ActiGraph y el diario de Bouchard para estimar el gasto energético (GE) en una población de adolescentes españoles. Métodos: 61 adolescentes españoles con edades comprendidas entre 12-16 años participaron en este estudio. El diario de Bouchard se completó durante 3 días consecutivos y se utilizó el ActiGraph durante ese tiempo. El GE obtenido del diario de Bouchard se calculó usando dos categorías de equivalentes metabólicos (DB-Bouchard y DB-Bratteby). El GE del ActiGraph se calculó mediante 3 ecuaciones de estimación (AC-Trost, AC-Freedson y ACEkelund). También se analizó a los adolescentes con datos completos de 24 h para controlar la posible pérdida de precisión. El acuerdo entre métodos se analizó mediante las correlaciones de Pearson y Concordancia, un t-test y el método de Bland-Altman. Resultados: De 37 adolescentes se obtuvieron datos completos en 72 h. Las correlaciones entre el GE calculado por el diario de Bouchard y el ActiGraph fueron altas (rango: r = 0,61-0,78). Las correlaciones de Concordancia fueron moderadas (rc = 0,60) utilizando DB-Bratteby y AC-Trost, y bajas utilizando DB-Bratteby y ACEkelund (r c = 0,15). El GE estimado por DB-Bratteby y AC-Trost tampoco mostró diferencias significativas (p > 0,05) y acuerdo completo 0,0 ± 5,0 MJ/día (intervalo de confianza al 95%: ± 0,90 MJ/día), aunque los límites de acuerdo fueron muy amplios (± 9,80 MJ/día). Las relaciones fueron mayores y las diferencias menores en la muestra que completó 72 h que en la muestra que completó 24 h. Conclusiones: El diario de Bouchard y el ActiGraph mostraron correlaciones altas, una concordancia moderada y amplias diferencias a la hora de estimar el GE en los adolescentes españoles. Se deben tener en cuenta las ventajas, desventajas y el acuerdo entre ambos instrumentos en las investigaciones relacionadas con la salud.

Background: It is necessary to know the levels of physical activity (PA) for a better understanding of the development of chronic diseases in youth. The aim of this study was to assess levels of total PA and time spent in different PAintensities in Spanish adolescents by accelerometer. Methods: A sub-sample of 214 healthy Spanish adolescents (107 females), aged 13-16 years, enrolled in the AFINOS Study was selected for this study. Participants wore the ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer for 7 consecutive days. Total PA and time spent in sedentary, light, moderate, vigorous, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was estimated using the accelerometer. Adiposity was measured in the sample using sum of 6 skinfoldthickness, waist circumference and BMI. Results: Adolescent boys were engaged in higher levels of total PA, moderate PA, vigorous PA and MVPA than adolescent girls, whereas girls were engaged in higher levels of light PA. Differences between age groups showed that the 15-16 years group did more total PA (P = 0.008) than the 13-14 years group. Adolescents with highest levels of body fat were less active and spent less time in vigorous PA and MVPA than adolescents with less body fat. Among the current sample, 71.1% of the adolescents (82.2% adolescent boys and 60.7% adolescent girls) reached the recommendation of ≥ 60 min in MVPA. Conclusions: Although these findings suggest that Spanish adolescents have similar PA levels than other European adolescents, further cross-sectional and longitudinal studies must assess PA levels in free-living conditions in Spanish children and adolescents using objective methods such as accelerometers, heart rate monitors and pedometers. Antecedentes: Para comprender mejor el desarrollo de las enfermedades crónicas en los jóvenes resulta necesario conocer los niveles de actividad física (AF) que realizan. El propósito de este estudio es evaluar los niveles de AF total y el tiempo de AF a distintas intensidades medidos mediante acelerometría en adolescentes españoles. Métodos: Para este estudio se seleccionó una sub-muestra de 214 adolescentes españoles sanos (107 mujeres), con edades de 13-16 años, que participaban en el Estudio AFINOS. Los participantes llevaron un acelerómetro Acti-Graph GT1M durante 7 días consecutivos. La AF total y el tiempo dedicado a actividad física sedentaria, ligera, moderada, vigorosa y de moderada a vigorosa (AFMV) se valoró utilizando el acelerómetro. La adiposidad se midió en la muestra utilizando la suma de 6 pliegues cutáneos, la circunferencia de la cintura y el IMC. Resultados: Los chicos adolescentes realizaron mayores niveles de AF total, AF moderada, AF vigorosa y AFMV que las chicas adolescentes, mientras que las chicas realizaron mayores niveles de AF ligera. Las diferencias entre los grupos de edad mostraron que el grupo de 15-16 años realizaba más AF total (P = 0,008) que el grupo de 13-14 años. Los adolescentes con los niveles más altos de grasa corporal eran menos activos y dedicaban menos tiempo a realizar AF vigorosa y AFMV que los adolescentes con menos grasa corporal. En esta muestra de adolescentes, el 71,1% de los adolescentes (82,2% de los chicos y el 60,7% de las chicas) alcanzó la recomendación de 60 min. de AFMV. Conclusiones: Aunque estos hallazgos sugieren que los adolescentes españoles tienen niveles de AF similares a los de otros adolescentes europeos, futuros estudios transversales y longitudinales deberían evaluar los niveles de AF en adolescentes y niños españoles dentro de su estilo de vida habitual utilizando métodos objetivos como los acelerómetros, los monitores de la frecuencia cardíaca y los podómetros.