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This study investigates cooperative learning educational approaches that support preservice teachers’ (PSTs) academic and social attitudes. The extent of positive interdependence between PSTs during multimodal cooperative physical and mathematical activities was measured using a validated questionnaire on attitudes (academic and social) toward cooperative learning attitudes. The multimodal activities triggered positive PSTs’ interdependence characterized by teaching dimensions such as encouraging learner-to-learner interactions, intersubjective skills, and sociocultural awareness. PSTs believed that the cooperative activities helped to form peer-to-peer relationships among team members, which in turn fostered professional judgments. While social and affective attitudes were rated higher than academic ones, the difference was not significant. Hence, this study emphasizes that the multimodal approaches (based on both mathematical and physical development) triggered deeper social rather than academic attitudes, thus underscoring the importance of promoting key competences and the role they play in sustainable education.

This manuscript deals with how cooperative learning in pre-school and primary education can be dimensionalized in terms of reducing gender differences and inequalities. In this study, formulated through instructional approaches delivered in four medium- to very high-complexity schools (the number of students with an immigrant background ranging from 30% to 100%), 376 pre-service teachers and 43 qualified teachers were asked to analyze the instruction that they gave to 1658 pre-school and primary students over two consecutive years. Instruction was defined in terms of contextualized physical education challenges that included cooperative psychomotor physical challenges, guided discovery activities and psychomotor problem-solving. The analysis was based on reflective narratives on both gender differences and inequalities, which evinced 792 comments regarding gender (618 by the pre-service teachers and 174 by the schoolteachers) and 627 comments for inequalities (363 by the pre-service teachers and 264 by the schoolteachers). The analysis produced categories based on critical reflection—on both individual and classroom scales—from the pre-service teachers and the schoolteachers. Each of the cooperative learning dimensions, i.e., positive interdependence, individual accountability, promotive interaction, social skills, and group processing, were investigated to produce a set of principles and competencies that best promoted education for sustainable development. The research produced 42 principles that operated under the tenet of leave-no-one-behind, with positive interdependence and promotive interaction providing the higher number of principles that are best suited to tackle, through cooperation processes, equity and inclusivity issues in pre-school and primary education classrooms This research was funded by the Institute of Sciences Education of the University of Girona, grant numbers XIDAR/04-2021 and XIDAC/04-2021 and by the AGAUR Agency of the Generalitat of Catalonia, with reference 2017-ARMIF-00013

En esta investigación el objectivo es observar la situación de la Educación Física (EF) como disciplina mediante una indagación basada en la experiencia y los conocimientos de los profesionales en activo. Se aplica un cuestionario ad hoc a 36 profesionales en activo (maestros especialistas en EF) que participan en el prácticum de la mención del alumnado de 4º curso del grado de maestro/a de Primaria para que manifiesten los problemas reales de enseñanza, así como la importancia y el impacto social que tiene la EF como materia educativa. Se pretende también compartir diferentes puntos de vista de los profesionales para hacer propuestas para mejorar la formación de los profesionales de EF. Como conclusiones del estudio, se observa que la mayoría optan por la motivación como factor y condición que promueve el éxito de la EF como materia curricular y creen que se debería potenciar el trabajo cooperativo. Las características más valoradas de los profesores y profesoras de EF son: saber trabajar en equipo EF y la utilización de proyectos de innovación educativa, flexibles y adaptados al contexto, lo que supone un aprendizaje significativo. Los profesionales consideran que se debe potenciar la motricidad aplicando metodologías activas, dinámicas y reflexivas y dan mucha importancia al aprendizaje continuo. Por tanto, se proponen cursos de formación y la realización de intercambios de experiencias.Abstract. The present study holds the objective to observe the current state of Physical Education (PE) as a discipline through research based on the experience and the knowledge of active professionals. An ad-hoc questionnaire was completed by 36 active professionals (specialist teachers in PE) who participate in the practicum of majors of PE in the 4th year of Primary Education Bachelor. The instrument intends to bring to light the real problems of teaching, as well as the importance and the social impact that PE has as an educational subject. It also aims to share different points of view of active professionals and make proposals to improve the training of PE professionals. As conclusions of the study, most consider motivation as a factor and condition to promote the success of PE as a curricular subject and believe that cooperative work should be encouraged. The most valued characteristics of PE teachers are: knowing how to work as a PE team and the use of educational innovation projects that are flexible and adapt to the context, resulting in significant learning. Professionals consider that motor skills should be enhanced by applying active, dynamic and reflective methodologies and give great importance to ongoing learning. Therefore, proposals include training courses and exchanges of experiences.

The objective of this paper is to prove that interdisciplinary educational approaches foster knowledge and competences for sustainable development in primary education. The intervention methodology employed is an educational and pedagogical approach to teaching science through physical activities and is based on developing dynamic reflective and cooperative learning environments to strengthen teaching&ndash, learning relationships. The educational approach included analyzing students&rsquo, reflections from their focus groups, in which five categories of cooperative learning: positive interdependence, individual accountability, promotive interaction, the appropriate use of social skills, and group processing, were considered. The results show that, to a significant statistical degree, when the interdisciplinary approaches were adopted the primary school students reached higher levels of understanding, reflective and critical thinking development, and that cooperative learning provided them with a greater perception of sustainable development competences through systems and critical thinking, analysis, interpersonal relationships and collaboration, and strategic action.

The purpose of this study is to explore the assessment of emotions and social skills of sixth-year primary education students in a physical education (PE) teaching unit. Two instruments of analysis are used: the GES (Games and Emotion Scale) to evaluate emotions, and an ad-hoc questionnaire to measure the social skills of 21 students in their sixth year of primary education. The data analysis was carried out using a generalised estimating equation model (GEE), taking into account the correlation between the different scores of the same subject and the asymmetry of the data. The results show that positive emotions (happiness and joy) are significantly more highly evaluated than negative (fear, anger, and sadness) and ambiguous (surprise) emotions throughout all of the PE sessions This research was funded by the University of Girona grant number MIQDUdG80/17 This research was funded by the University of Girona grant number MIQDUdG80/17

Ante un momento de cambio en la educación, con la entrada en vigor de la LOE (Ley Orgánica de Educación, 2006), el objetivo de este artículo es enfrentarse con el reto de tratar de responder a la necesidad de concretar aprendizajes de acuerdo con el nuevo currículum basado en competencias. El presente artículo surge del interés de poder ofrecer un enfoque que facilite el planteamiento de las unidades didácticas desde el área de educación física en relación con los principios pedagógicos de la LOE. Partiendo de este compromiso, presentamos una propuesta de las aportaciones de la educación física a la Competencia Básica Aprender a aprender lo cual implica desarrollar una serie de capacidades en función de saber realizar habilidades.Palabra clave: Didáctica, educación física, competencias, capacidades, habilidades, Aprender a aprender.Abstract: In front of a moment of change in the education, with the entry into force of the LOE (Ley Orgánica de Educación, 2006), the aim of this article is to face the challenge of trying to answer to the need to make concrete learning agreements with the new curriculum based on competences. The present article arises from the interest of being able to offer an approach that facilitates the exposition to show the didactic units from the area of physical education in relation with the pedagogic principles of the LOE. Departing from this commitment, let’s sense beforehand an offer of the contributions of the Physical Education to the Basic Competence to learn to learn which entails to develop some capacities in fuction of knowing to do skills.Key words: Didactics, physical education, competences, capacities, skills, learn to learn.

This study aims to propose the artistic disci-pline known by the name of Body Percus-sion as a tool to improve coordination of the students in tasks that require a certain degree of motor agility in Physical Educa-tion sessions. This research is based on a correlational study supported by a des-criptive exploratory study. An empirical-analytical methodology based on a cross sectional and ex-post-facto study in order to determine the existing (or nonexistent) relationship between two variables, agility and Body-percussion, is used. 88 5th gra-de Primary School students participated in the investigation, with the collaboration of experts in the matter: 11 professionals in education that are related to the world of body percussion, two of them trainers of Body-percussion and a professional dan-cer trained in percussion in Rudra Béjart School-Lausanne. These professionals provide the qualitative component of the analysis of the investigation. The results confirm the correlation between the two quantitative variables, results being rein-forced by experts Este trabajo tiene como objetivo proponer la disciplina artística, conocida por el nombre de percusión corporal, como herramienta para mejorar la coordinación de los alumnos en tareas que requieren un cierto grado de agilidad motriz en las sesiones de Educación Física. Esta investigación se fundamenta en un estudio correlacional apoyado por otro exploratorio descriptivo. Se utiliza una metodología empírico-analítica basada en un estudio transversal y ex-post-facto con el objetivo de determinar la relación existente (o inexistente) entre dos variables, agilidad motriz y percusión corporal. Participaron en la investigación 88 alumnos de 5º curso de educación primaria y se cuenta con la colaboración de expertos en la materia: once profesionales de la educación que están relacionados con el mundo de la percusión corporal, dos de ellos formadores de body-percusión y un bailarín profesional formado en percusión corporal en la Rudra Béjart School-Lausanne que aportan el análisis más cualitativo de la investigación. Los resultados afirman la correlación entre las dos variables cuantitativas, siendo estas reforzadas por los expertos Le but de ce travail est de proposer une discipline artistique connue sous le nom de “percussion corporelle” utilisée comme un outil pour améliorer la coordination des étu-diants avec pour tâche, un certain degré d’agilité motrice dans une séance d’éducation physique. Cette recherche est basée sur une étude corrélationnelle, aidée par une étu-de d’exploration descriptive. Une méthodologie analytique-empirique est basée sur une section croisée et une étude «ex-post-facto» en ordre pour déterminer l›existence (ou la non existence) de relation entre deux variétés utilisées. 88 élèves de CM2 participent à un enquête avec la collaboration d›experts en la matière: 11 professionnels de l›éducation reliés au monde de la percussion corporelle, deux d›entre eux sont des entraîneurs de percussions corporelles, et d›autre, un danseur professionnel formé en percussions à l›école-atelier Rudra Béjart à Lausanne. Ces professionnels fournissent des éléments qua-litatifs dans l›analyse de la recherche. Les résultats confirment la corrélation entre les deux variables quantitatives, résultats ayant été renforcés par les experts

The consideration of the body and movement as ways of expressing and understanding music should be part of an active musical and experiential education. The following study describes how the work of movement and dance adapts and develops in the music education sessions of 19 schools from observations and interventions made by prospective teachers of music during their school training. The findings of the study suggest that, although there is some integration of movement and dance in music education, it is necessary to improve aspects such as improvisation and body composition, which are both essential tools for the development of students’ creative and communicative abilities La consideración del cuerpo y del movimiento como medios de expresión y comprensión musical tendría que formar parte de una educación musical activa y vivencial. El estudio que se ha llevado a término describe cómo se integra y desarrolla el trabajo del movimiento y la danza en las sesiones de educación musical de 19 escuelas a partir de las observaciones e intervenciones de estudiantes de Magisterio Musical en prácticas. Las conclusiones del estudio apuntan a que, si bien hay una cierta integración del movimiento y la danza en la educación musical, es necesario mejorar aspectos como el del trabajo de la improvisación y la composición corporal, ambos instrumentos imprescindbles para el desarrollo de las capacidades creativas y comunicativas del alumnado