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El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de la relación entre los descansos activos y el rendimiento académico en niños del segundo ciclo de educación infantil, mejorando los diversos contenidos curriculares, a través de juegos de Educación Física. La muestra estuvo compuesta por un total de 50 alumnos, divididos en grupo control (n=25) y un grupo experimental (n=25). Para la recopilación de datos se llevaron a cabo dos evaluaciones, una antes de la realización de los descansos activos, pre-test y otra posterior, post-test. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó la prueba t-Student, para medias de muestras relacionadas. Los resultados obtenidos reflejaron la importancia de la actividad física en el rendimiento académico, así como los beneficios transversales que aporta a la salud. The objective of this work is the study of the relationship between active breaks and academic performance in children preschool education, improving the curricular contents, through physical education games. The sample was formed by 50 participants, divided into a control group (n = 25) and an experimental group (n = 25). For the data collection, two evaluations were conducted, one before the programme (pre) and the other one after the programme (post). For the data analysis the t-Student test was used. The results obtained reflected the importance of physical activity in academic performance, as well as the transversal benefits it brings to health.

The scientific literature has shown the beneficial effects of chronic Physical Exercise (PE) on a wide range of tasks that involve high-order functioning. For this reason, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of active breaks on physical fitness and vigilance performance in high school students through eight weeks of physical training. A total of 42 healthy students (age = 16.50 ± 0.59 years, height = 171.08 ± 8.07 cm, weight = 67.10 ± 13.76 kg) from one Andalusian high school (Spain) were assigned for convenience and matched into two groups, a Control Group (CG) and an Active-Break Group (ABG). The ABG performed two active breaks (based on strength and self-loading exercises) during the school day, first at 10:00 a.m. and second at 12:30 p.m. The participants were assessed before and after the training program using the Alpha-Fitness test battery and the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT). Significant differences were observed in the post-training PVT results, compared with the pretraining PVT, showing ABG responding faster than CG. Thus, the presents study demonstrated that eight weeks of physical training affects vigilance performance (compared to CG) and improves the efficiency of vigilance in high school students, contributing to enhancement of quality of education.

Cooperative learning (CL) is one of the pedagogical models that has had more application in the area of Physical Education (PE), being highly worked in the initial training of teachers. The aim of the study is to check to what extent future PE teachers are able to apply in the classroom the PE training they have received at university, deepening their fears, insecurities and problems when carrying it out. Thirteen future PE teachers (7 girls and 6 boys) aged 20.87 ± 1.43 participated and, after having been trained in CL in various subjects, applied it in the classroom during their internship. They were selected through purposeful non-probability sampling. A qualitative methodology was used, being the interviews, the teaching diaries and the seminars with the tutor the instruments of data collection used. Three categories of analysis were used: (a) initial expectations in the application of the CL; (b) problems encountered in its implementation; (c) reflection about its application in the future. The results showed how the future teachers did not see their expectations of success fulfilled, encountering resistance from both students and teachers in PE. Furthermore, they reflect the need to continue training in a model that has infinite nuances so that it can be implemented satisfactorily. It is necessary to continue researching a pedagogical model with so many possibilities in the area of PE and with so much transversality on a social level.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to shed light on the existent knowledge, internationally published over the last decade (2009−2019), on how to deal with talented children in physical education (PE). Methods: A mixed systematic review (SR) was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration number: CRD42019117211. Study eligibility criteria: The articles included were selected using the following criteria: (a) studies published in peer-reviewed international journals; (b) studies published from 2009 to 2019 (both inclusive); (c) studies that included quantitative and/or qualitative methods and findings; (d) research conducted within school contexts; (e) articles that focused on both talent/gift and PE, and (f) studies published in English or Spanish. Results: A total of 11 articles were identified. Results showed a gradual change in both methods and instruments used for talent identification (TI) in PE, focused currently on children’s health and involvement in sports. Second, there is consensus on the lack of clarity in schools’ policies and guidelines on how to deal with talented children in PE. Conclusions: Finally, there are alternative programs to elite athlete models that better fit in PE to deal with talented children and to avoid child disengagement in PE and sports.

Whilst in other curriculum subjects, it exists observation criteria to detect gifted pupils, there is a paucity of information in Physical Education. For that reason, we aimed to reveal the observation criteria for identifying gifted pupils in Physical Education in an invasion game. Physical Education (PE) talent was evaluated combining results of questionnaire to experts, parents, and students. A validated nomination scale (NSIFT) and the Game Performance Evaluation Tool (GPET) were used. The research approach used in this study was transversal, descriptive, and inferential. The talent pool was composed of 18 gifted pupils aged 8&ndash, 14 (Mage = 11.67, SD = 1.53). The results showed that the most discriminating criteria to identify PE talent were found to be precocity in both execution and decision-making in the acquisition of tactical principles and tactical-technical skills. Getting free was the skill that they best mastered. In conclusion, the importance of tactical principles and decision-making as observation criteria is emphasized. Future studies should focus on developing mentoring programs in Physical Education.

Adults (more than 18 years old) are likely to reproduce the habits that they acquired during childhood and adolescence (from 6 to 16 years old). For that reason, teachers and parents have the responsibility to promote an active and healthy lifestyle in children and adolescents. Even though every school subject should promote healthy activities, Physical Education (PE) is the most important subject to foster well-being habits associated to healthy lifestyle during sport practice and other kinds of active tasks. Indeed, there are many factors that influence the acquisition of healthy habits that should be taken into account when programs and activities are implemented in both educational and extracurricular context. In this sense, psychological and social factors are of utmost importance to achieve optimal experiences for an active and healthy lifestyle. However, due to the myriad of studies analyzing different factors in different contexts, there could be confusion when programs and pedagogical strategies are applied in educational or extracurricular contexts. The objective of this investigation is to analyse the state of art of the psychosocial factors which influence the engagement in physical activities and sport practice. The keywords used in this review were mainly: “Self-Determination Theory,” “(intrinsic) motivation,” “Psychological need satisfaction,” “physical activity and sport engagement,” “Elementary Education,” “Secondary Education,” “Physical Education.” In addition, the Boolean data type “and,” “or,” and “not” were also used. The articles were selected according to the following criteria: (a) peer-reviewed original research published in international journals indexed in JCR or SJR, (b) published in English or Spanish, (c) about psychosocial factors which influence the physical activity and sport engagement, (d) in educational or extracurricular context. Research articles selected were found through Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, SportDiscus (EBSCO-host), ERIC, Sierra-Díaz et al. Psychosocial Variables in Models-Based Practice PubMed, Medline, and PsycInfo databases. It was observed that physical activities and sport practice engagement are closely related to psychological factors. In particularly, intrinsic motivation was able to determine the active participation in any activity, including physical activity and sport practice during the implementation of Small-Sided Games and other kinds of pedagogical strategies (e.g., Pedagogical Models). Motivation was also closely related to flow state. Finally, these variables should be considered in order to organize effective programs to promote an active and healthy lifestyle in Physical Education classes.

La escuela y en particular el área de Educación Física, puede ser uno de los escenarios donde, bajo el denominado currículum oculto, se pongan de manifiesto actitudes estereotipadas y cargadas de prejuicios desde el punto de vista deportivo y motor. El objetivo principal de nuestro estudio fue identificar la percepción de los escolares de Educación Primaria entre los 11 y 12 años (11.87± 0.38) sobre los estereotipos de género vincula-dos con la actividad física y el deporte, a partir de subestereotipos asociados al tipo de práctica, respecto al profesorado y a clima de clase. Los princi-pales resultados muestran la presencia de estereotipos relacionados con el rendimiento, el autoconcepto y el trato por parte del profesorado. Desde la escuela y desde el área de Educación Física se debe tener muy presente estas situaciones que debemos reorientar para lograr una verdadera escuela inclusiva y sociedad que permita la igualdad de oportunidades. Abstract: The school, and the Physical Education may become as one of the setting where with the so-called hidden curriculum, attitudes loaded with prejudices, in terms of gender stereotyped, could be shown. The main objective of our study was to identify the perception of primary school stu-dents between 11 and 12 years old (11.87 ± 0.38) about gender stereotypes linked to physical activity and sport, based on sub-stereotypes associated with the type of practice , regarding the teaching staff and classroom cli-mate. The main results show the presence of stereotypes related to perfor-mance, self-concept and treatment by teachers. From the school and from the area of Physical Education, we must bear in mind these situations that we must reorient to achieve a true inclusive school and society that allows equal opportunities.

There is a concern to implement games that will be able to increase the students’ motor and sport competence during the sport contents in Physical Education. Some games encompassed in Models-Based Practice (MsBP) are more beneficial for physical and physiological development than others. The main purpose of this study is to compare the degree of physical and physiological performance in several futsal games that have been implemented through two MsBP: the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) and the Contextualized Sport Alphabetization Model (CSAM). The second objective is to analyze the relationship between physical and physiological variables. A quasi-experimental and cross-sectional study with pre- and post-test evaluations had been carried out. The sample was composed of 112 Primary Education students from First to Sixth grade (9.35 ± 1.76 years). Polar Team Pro® technology was implemented to compare and analyze the physical and physiological variables. Data was analyze comparing both models with a two-step cluster model. Afterward, Student’s t-test was executed to compare the progression of both models. Besides, two-level multilevel model (MANOVA-ANOVA, followed by MANCOVA- ANCOVA) were also executed by means of applying a 4 versus 4 Small-Sided and Conditioned Game (SSCG). Finally, Pearson correlation between physical and physiological variables was calculated. Results showed that physical and physiological performance was higher in CSAM groups. In this regard, throughout the intervention of both models, results showed significant differences in physical and physiological variables at SSCGs implemented in the CSAM over the games implemented during the TGfU. Additionally, multilevel and MANCOVA post-test analyses shows significant differences in the physical and physiological performance during the post-test 4 vs. 4 SSCG at the CSAM students, in contrast to the TGfU students (p < 0.001). These results demonstrate that both physical (e.g., distance covered) and physiological performance (e.g., Edwards’ TRIMP) are significantly higher during CSAM in contrast to TGfU. Moreover, relationship between physical and physiological variables help teachers to adapt sessions to the features of the context.

Since its introduction by OECD in 1997, the relevance of the concept of competence has been increasing within European education systems. The Spanish Education System has conferred competences a curricular key role in the last two education acts (LOE, 2006 and LOMCE, 2013). The implementation of a competence-based curricular approach involves bureaucratic changes, but above all methodological changes, whose main agent are teachers. After a decade of implementation, only a few studies have focused on the evaluation of this educational reform from teachers’ point of view. The aim of this study is to provide a national survey on Physical Education (PE) teachers’ perception of the competence-based curricular approach. A questionnaire was designed and validated to determine PE teachers’ perception of the contribution of PE to each key competence; teachers’ difficulties; and the suitability of the established PE curriculum to be carried out within the competence-based approach. A sample of 470 inservice PE teachers was obtained by using a random stratified sampling technique. Teachers showed a high perception of the potential contribution of PE to the development of the key competences, especially to those related to social and attitudinal aspects. Though, teachers believe that PE contents established in LOE are not suitable. Male, young, and public school teachers generally perceive a higher contribution of PE to the key competences than their fellow female, older, and private school teachers. Perceived difficulties in tasks development varied depending on educational stage and teachers’ experience.

In this research, para-sports for athletes with high support needs are used to sensitise students towards disability in their Physical Education (PE) classes, aiming to: 1) explore the participants’ attitudes towards disability and their previous contact with individuals with disabilities; and 2) know the short- and long-term effects of a Para-Sports Awareness Programme (PSAP) on attitudes towards disability. Totally, 88 participants in the sixth-grade of Spanish Primary Schools were divided into a control group (15 males, 30 females; mean age = 11.29, SD = .51), and an intervention group (20 males, 23 females; mean age = 11.51, SD = .59). The PSAP developed is based on boccia and goalball, including an education intervention in natural settings, comprising information, multimedia material and the simulation of physical and visual impairments. A questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour and a Spanish version of the Children’s Attitudes towards Integrated PE (CAIPE) questionnaire were used to assess students’ attitudes towards disabilities in PE classes. After the PSAP, the intervention group demonstrated improved attitudes in all variables, with some statistically significant differences, such as concerning the acceptance of adaptations in sports practice (p < .01; d = .58). Therefore, the intervention proves the effectiveness of the applied PSAP in improving students’ attitudes towards disabilities.

Desde su introducción por la OCDE en 1997, la relevancia del concepto de competencia, ha ido en aumento dentro de los sistemas educativos europeos. El sistema educativo español lo contempla como elemento curricular de referencia en las dos últimas leyes educativas (LOE, 2006 y LOMCE, 2013). Después de una década, son escasos los estudios realizados sobre la evaluación del proceso de implementación de este nuevo enfoque desde el punto de vista del docente. El objetivo del presente estudio es el de aportar un estudio a nivel nacional sobre la percepción del profesorado de Educación Física (EF) acerca del enfoque curricular por competencias. Se diseñó y validó un cuestionario para conocer la percepción del profesorado sobre la aportación del área de EF a las distintas Competencias Básicas (CCBB), sus dificultades y la idoneidad del currículo prescrito para ser desarrollado mediante este enfoque. Mediante un muestreo aleatorio estratificado por provincias se obtuvo una muestra de 470 docentes de EF en activo. Los docentes mostraron una percepción elevada de la potencial contribución de la EF al desarrollo de las CCBB, especialmente a las relacionadas con aspectos sociales y actitudinales. Pese a ello, los profesores se muestran críticos en cuanto a la idoneidad de los contenidos tal y como están planteados en la LOE. Los varones, docentes jóvenes y docentes de centros públicos perciben en general una mayor aportación de la EF a las CCBB. La dificultad percibida, para el desarrollo de tareas según el enfoque por competencias, fue diferente en función de la etapa educativa y la experiencia. Since its introduction by OECD in 1997, the relevance of the concept of competence has been increasing within European education systems. The Spanish Education System has conferred competences a curricular key role in the last two education acts (LOE, 2006 and LOMCE, 2013). The implementation of a competence-based curricular approach involves bureaucratic changes, but above all methodological changes, whose main agent are teachers. After a decade of implementation, only a few studies have focused on the evaluation of this educational reform from teachers’ point of view. The aim of this study is to provide a national survey on Physical Education (PE) teachers’ perception of the competence-based curricular approach. A questionnaire was designed and validated to determine PE teachers’ perception of the contribution of PE to each key competence; teachers’ difficulties; and the suitability of the established PE curriculum to be carried out within the competence-based approach. A sample of 470 inservice PE teachers was obtained by using a random stratified sampling technique. Teachers showed a high perception of the potential contribution of PE to the development of the key competences, especially to those related to social and attitudinal aspects. Though, teachers believe that PE contents established in LOE are not suitable. Male, young, and public school teachers generally perceive a higher contribution of PE to the key competences than their fellow female, older, and private school teachers. Perceived difficulties in tasks development varied depending on educational stage and teachers’ experience. SI

El debate sobre el uso del velo islámico es un hecho que ocupa con frecuencia los diferentes medios de comunicación. Este uso del velo puede suponer la aparición de ciertos estereotipos o actitudes prejuiciosas entre los docentes de Educación Física. Por ello, este trabajo trata de ofrecer un conocimiento más profundo sobre la mujer islámica y el uso del pañuelo como elemento cultural distintivo, así como sus implicaciones dentro de las clases de Educación Física ABSTRACT: The debate about the Islamic headscarf is a fact often commented in different Medias. This may involve the appearance of certain stereotypes and prejudicial attitudes among Physical Education teachers. Therefore, this paper seeks to provide a deeper understanding of Islamic women and the headscarf as a distinctive part of their culture and its implications within the physical education classes