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1. Reconnection With Magnetic Flux Pileup at the Interface of Converging Jets at the Magnetopause

Author: Oieroset, M., Phan, T. D., Drake, J. F., Eastwood, J. P., Fuselier, S. A., Strangeway, R. J., Haggerty, C., Shay, M. A., Wang, S., Chen, L.‐J., Kacem, I., Lavraud, B., Angelopoulos, V., Burch, J. L., Torbert, R. B., Ergun, R. E., Khotyaintsev, Y., Lindqvist, P. A., Gershman, D. J., Giles, B. L., Pollock, C., Moore, T. E., Russell, C. T., Avanov, L. A., Paterson, W., Oka, Mitsuo, Saito, Yoshifumi, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Field (physics), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, SHEAR EVIDENCE, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, PLASMA BETA, Current sheet, DEPENDENCE, Physics::Plasma Physics, MD Multidisciplinary, TOPOLOGY, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, FIELD, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Science & Technology, Geology, Magnetic flux, Computational physics, MMS OBSERVATIONS, Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physical Sciences, Physics::Space Physics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Magnetopause
Abstract: 著者人数: 27名, Accepted: 2019-01-15, 資料番号: SA1180269000
Published: 2019

2. Solar wind current sheets and deHoffmann-Teller analysis: First results of DC electric field measurements by Solar Orbiter

Author: Steinvall, K., Khotyaintsev, Yu. V., Cozzani, G., Vaivads, A., Yordanova, E., Eriksson, A. I., Edberg, N. J. T., Maksimovic, M., Bale, S. D., Chust, T., Krasnoselskikh, V., Kretzschmar, M., Lorf��vre, E., Plettemeier, D., Sou��ek, J., Steller, M., ��tver��k, ��., Vecchio, A., Horbury, T. S., O'Brien, H., Evans, V., Fedorov, A., Louarn, P., G��not, V., Andr��, N., Lavraud, B., Rouillard, A. P., and Owen, C. J.
Subjects: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Physics - Space Physics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics::Space Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: Solar Orbiter was launched on February 10, 2020 with the purpose of investigating solar and heliospheric physics using a payload of instruments designed for both remote and in-situ sensing. Similar to the recently launched Parker Solar Probe, and unlike earlier missions, Solar Orbiter carries instruments designed to measure the low frequency DC electric fields. In this paper we assess the quality of the low-frequency DC electric field measured by the Radio and Plasma Waves instrument (RPW) on Solar Orbiter. In particular we investigate the possibility of using Solar Orbiter's DC electric and magnetic field data to estimate the solar wind speed. We use deHoffmann-Teller (HT) analysis based on measurements of the electric and magnetic fields to find the velocity of solar wind current sheets which minimizes a single component of the electric field. By comparing the HT velocity to proton velocity measured by the Proton and Alpha particle Sensor (PAS) we develop a simple model for the effective antenna length, $L_\text{eff}$ of the E-field probes. We then use the HT method to estimate the speed of the solar wind. Using the HT method, we find that the observed variations in $E_y$ are often in excellent agreement with the variations in the magnetic field. The magnitude of $E_y$, however, is uncertain due to the fact that the $L_\text{eff}$ depends on the plasma environment. We derive an empirical model relating $L_\text{eff}$ to the Debye length, which we can use to improve the estimate of $E_y$ and consequently the estimated solar wind speed. The low frequency electric field provided by RPW is of high quality. Using deHoffmann-Teller analysis, Solar Orbiter's magnetic and electric field measurements can be used to estimate the solar wind speed when plasma data is unavailable., 7 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2021

3. Solar Orbiter Observations of the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability in the Solar Wind

Author: Kieokaew, R., Lavraud, B., Yang, Y., Matthaeus, W. H., Ruffolo, D., Stawarz, J. E., Aizawa, S., Foullon, C., Génot, V., Pinto, R. F., Fargette, N., Louarn, P., Rouillard, A., Fedorov, A., Penou, E., Owen, C. J., Horbury, T., O'Brien, H., Evans, V., and Angelini, V.
Subjects: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Plasma Physics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
Abstract: The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) is a nonlinear shear-driven instability that develops at the interface between shear flows in plasmas. KHI has been inferred in various astrophysical plasmas and has been observed in situ at the magnetospheric boundaries of solar-system planets and through remote sensing at the boundaries of coronal mass ejections. While it was hypothesized to play an important role in the mixing of plasmas and in triggering solar wind fluctuations, its direct and unambiguous observation in the solar wind was still lacking. We report in-situ observations of ongoing KHI in the solar wind using Solar Orbiter during its cruise phase. The KHI is found in a shear layer in the slow solar wind in the close vicinity of the Heliospheric Current Sheet, with properties satisfying linear theory for its development. An analysis is performed to derive the local configuration of the KHI. A 2-D MHD simulation is also set up with empirical values to test the stability of the shear layer. In addition, magnetic spectra of the KHI event are analyzed. We find that the observed conditions satisfy the KHI onset criterion from the linear theory analysis, and its development is further confirmed by the simulation. The current sheet geometry analyses are found to be consistent with KHI development. Additionally, we report observations of an ion jet consistent with magnetic reconnection at a compressed current sheet within the KHI interval. The KHI is found to excite magnetic and velocity fluctuations with power-law scalings that approximately follow $k^{-5/3}$ and $k^{-2.8}$ in the inertial and dissipation ranges, respectively. These observations provide robust evidence of KHI development in the solar wind. This sheds new light on the process of shear-driven turbulence as mediated by the KHI with implications for the driving of solar wind fluctuations.
Published: 2021
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4. Flux ropes and dynamics of the heliospheric current sheet

Author: Réville, V., Fargette, N., Rouillard, A. P., Lavraud, B., Velli, M., Strugarek, A., Parenti, S., Brun, A. S., Shi, C., Kouloumvakos, A., Poirier, N., Pinto, R. F., Louarn, P., Fedorov, A., Owen, C. J., Génot, V., Horbury, T. S., Laker, R., O'Brien, H., Angelini, V., Fauchon-Jones, E., and Kasper, J. C.
Subjects: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Plasma Physics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract: Context. Solar Orbiter and PSP jointly observed the solar wind for the first time in June 2020, capturing data from very different solar wind streams, calm and Alfv\'enic wind as well as many dynamic structures. Aims. The aim here is to understand the origin and characteristics of the highly dynamic solar wind observed by the two probes, in particular in the vicinity of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS). Methods. We analyse the plasma data obtained by PSP and Solar Orbiter in situ during the month of June 2020. We use the Alfv\'en-wave turbulence MHD solar wind model WindPredict-AW, and perform two 3D simulations based on ADAPT solar magnetograms for this period. Results. We show that the dynamic regions measured by both spacecraft are pervaded with flux ropes close to the HCS. These flux ropes are also present in the simulations, forming at the tip of helmet streamers, i.e. at the base of the heliospheric current sheet. The formation mechanism involves a pressure driven instability followed by a fast tearing reconnection process, consistent with the picture of R\'eville et al. (2020a). We further characterize the 3D spatial structure of helmet streamer born flux ropes, which seems, in the simulations, to be related to the network of quasi-separatrices., Comment: 14 pages, 12 Figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2021
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5. Exploring the Solar Wind from Its Source on the Corona into the Inner Heliosphere during the First Solar Orbiter-Parker Solar Probe Quadrature

Author: Froment, C., Krasnoselskikh, V., Agapitov, O., Fargette, N., Lavraud, B., Larosa, A., Kretzschmar, M., Jagarlamudi, V., Velli, Marco, Malaspina, David, Whittlesey, Phyllis, Bale, Stuart, Case, Anthony, Goetz, Keith, Kasper, Justin, Korreck, Kelly, Larson, Davin, MacDowall, Robert, Mozer, F., Pulupa, Marc, Revillet, C., Stevens, Michael, Telloni, Daniele, Andretta, Vincenzo, Antonucci, Ester, Bemporad, Alessandro, Capuano, Giuseppe, Fineschi, Silvano, Giordano, Silvio, Habbal, Shadia, Perrone, Denise, Pinto, Rui, Sorriso-Valvo, Luca, Spadaro, Daniele, Susino, Roberto, Woodham, Lloyd, Zank, Gary, Romoli, Marco, Auchère, Frédéric, Bruno, Roberto, Capobianco, Gerardo, Casini, Chiara, Casti, Marta, Chioetto, Paolo, Corso, Alain, Da Deppo, Vania, De Leo, Yara, Dudok De Wit, Thierry, Frassati, Federica, Frassetto, Fabio, Guglielmino, Salvo, Harvey, Peter, Heinzel, Petr, Jerse, Giovanna, Landini, Federico, Liberatore, Alessandro, Livi, Roberto, Magli, Enrico, Massone, Giuseppe, Messerotti, Mauro, Moses, John, Naletto, Giampiero, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, Nisticò, Giuseppe, Panasenco, Olga, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, Pelizzo, Maria, Reale, Fabio, Romano, Paolo, Sasso, Clementina, Schühle, Udo, Stangalini, Marco, Strachan, Leonard, Straus, Thomas, Teriaca, Luca, Uslenghi, Michela, Verscharen, Daniel, Volpicelli, Cosimo, Zangrilli, Luca, Zimbardo, Gaetano, Zuppella, Paola, Telloni, Daniele, Andretta, Vincenzo, Antonucci, Ester, Bemporad, Alessandro, Capuano, Giuseppe E., Fineschi, Silvano, Giordano, Silvio, Habbal, Shadia, Perrone, Denise, Pinto, Rui F., Sorriso-Valvo, Luca, Spadaro, Daniele, Susino, Roberto, Woodham, Lloyd D., Zank, Gary P., Romoli, Marco, Bale, Stuart D., Kasper, Justin C., Auchère, Frédéric, Bruno, Roberto, Capobianco, Gerardo, Case, Anthony W., Casini, Chiara, Casti, Marta, Chioetto, Paolo, Corso, Alain J., Da Deppo, Vania, De Leo, Yara, Dudok de Wit, Thierry, Frassati, Federica, Frassetto, Fabio, Goetz, Keith, Guglielmino, Salvo L., Harvey, Peter R., Heinzel, Petr, Jerse, Giovanna, Korreck, Kelly E., Landini, Federico, Larson, Davin, Liberatore, Alessandro, Livi, Roberto, MacDowall, Robert J., Magli, Enrico, Malaspina, David M., Massone, Giuseppe, Messerotti, Mauro, Moses, John D., Naletto, Giampiero, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, Nisticò, Giuseppe, Panasenco, Olga, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, Pelizzo, Maria G., Pulupa, Marc, Reale, Fabio, Romano, Paolo, Sasso, Clementina, Schühle, Udo, Stangalini, Marco, Stevens, Michael L., Strachan, Leonard, Straus, Thoma, Teriaca, Luca, Uslenghi, Michela, Velli, Marco, Verscharen, Daniel, Volpicelli, Cosimo A., Whittlesey, Phylli, Zangrilli, Luca, Zimbardo, Gaetano, Zuppella, Paola, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar wind, FOS: Physical sciences, Solar radius, Solar corona, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Current sheet, Orbiter, Magnetohydrodynamics, Interplanetary turbulence, Heliosphere, Physics - Space Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], law, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Coronagraph, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Space plasmas, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Corona, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SPACE-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Space Physics [physics.space-ph], Physics - Plasma Physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an]
Abstract: This Letter addresses the first Solar Orbiter (SO) -- Parker Solar Probe (PSP) quadrature, occurring on January 18, 2021, to investigate the evolution of solar wind from the extended corona to the inner heliosphere. Assuming ballistic propagation, the same plasma volume observed remotely in corona at altitudes between 3.5 and 6.3 solar radii above the solar limb with the Metis coronagraph on SO can be tracked to PSP, orbiting at 0.1 au, thus allowing the local properties of the solar wind to be linked to the coronal source region from where it originated. Thanks to the close approach of PSP to the Sun and the simultaneous Metis observation of the solar corona, the flow-aligned magnetic field and the bulk kinetic energy flux density can be empirically inferred along the coronal current sheet with an unprecedented accuracy, allowing in particular estimation of the Alfv\'en radius at 8.7 solar radii during the time of this event. This is thus the very first study of the same solar wind plasma as it expands from the sub-Alfv\'enic solar corona to just above the Alfv\'en surface., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2021

6. The Solar Orbiter Science Activity Plan

Author: Zouganelis, I., De Groof, A., Walsh, A., Williams, D., Müller, D., St Cyr, O., Auchère, F., Berghmans, D., Fludra, A., Horbury, T., Howard, R., Krucker, S., Maksimovic, M., Owen, C., Rodríguez-Pacheco, J., Romoli, M., Solanki, S., Watson, C., Sanchez, L., Lefort, J., Osuna, P., Gilbert, H., Nieves-Chinchilla, T., Abbo, L., Alexandrova, O., Anastasiadis, A., Andretta, V., Antonucci, E., Appourchaux, T., Aran, A., Arge, C., Aulanier, G., Baker, D., Bale, S., Battaglia, M., Bellot Rubio, L., Bemporad, A., Berthomier, M., Bocchialini, K., Bonnin, X., Brun, A., Bruno, R., Buchlin, E., Büchner, J., Bucik, R., Carcaboso, F., Carr, R., Carrasco-Blázquez, I., Cecconi, B., Cernuda Cangas, I., Chen, C., Chitta, L., Chust, T., Dalmasse, K., D’Amicis, R., Da Deppo, V., De Marco, R., Dolei, S., Dolla, L., Dudok de Wit, T., Van Driel-Gesztelyi, L., Eastwood, J., Espinosa Lara, F., Etesi, L., Fedorov, A., Félix-Redondo, F., Fineschi, S., Fleck, B., Fontaine, D., Fox, N., Gandorfer, A., Génot, V., Georgoulis, M., Gissot, S., Giunta, A., Gizon, L., Gómez-Herrero, R., Gontikakis, C., Graham, G., Green, L., Grundy, T., Haberreiter, M., Harra, L., Hassler, D., Hirzberger, J., Ho, G., Hurford, G., Innes, D., Issautier, K., James, A., Janitzek, N., Janvier, M., Jeffrey, N., Jenkins, J., Khotyaintsev, Y., Klein, K.-L., Kontar, E., Kontogiannis, I., Krafft, C., Krasnoselskikh, V., Kretzschmar, M., Labrosse, N., Lagg, A., Landini, F., Lavraud, B., Leon, I., Lepri, S., Lewis, G., Liewer, P., Linker, J., Livi, S., Long, D., Louarn, P., Malandraki, O., Maloney, S., Martinez-Pillet, V., Martinovic, M., Masson, A., Matthews, S., Matteini, L., Meyer-Vernet, N., Moraitis, K., Morton, R., Musset, S., Nicolaou, G., Nindos, A., O’Brien, H., Orozco Suarez, D., Owens, M., Pancrazzi, M., Papaioannou, A., Parenti, S., Pariat, Etienne, Patsourakos, S., Perrone, D., Peter, H., Pinto, R., Plainaki, C., Plettemeier, D., Plunkett, S., Raines, J., Raouafi, N., Reid, H., Retinò, A., Rezeau, L., Rochus, P., Rodriguez, L., Rodriguez-Garcia, L., Roth, M., Rouillard, A., Sahraoui, F., Sasso, C., Schou, J., Schühle, U., Sorriso-Valvo, L., Soucek, J., Spadaro, D., Stangalini, M., Stansby, D., Steller, M., Strugarek, A., Štverák, Š., Susino, R., Telloni, D., Terasa, C., Teriaca, L., Toledo-Redondo, S., del Toro Iniesta, J., Tsiropoula, G., Tsounis, A., Tziotziou, K., Valentini, F., Vaivads, A., Vecchio, A., Velli, M., Verbeeck, C., Verdini, A., Verscharen, D., Vilmer, N., Vourlidas, A., Wicks, R., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R., Wiegelmann, T., Young, P., Zhukov, A., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; Solar Orbiter is the first space mission observing the solar plasma both in situ and remotely, from a close distance, in and out of the ecliptic. The ultimate goal is to understand how the Sun produces and controls the heliosphere, filling the Solar System and driving the planetary environments. With six remote-sensing and four in-situ instrument suites, the coordination and planning of the operations are essential to address the following four top-level science questions: (1) What drives the solar wind and where does the coronal magnetic field originate?; (2) How do solar transients drive heliospheric variability?; (3) How do solar eruptions produce energetic particle radiation that fills the heliosphere?; (4) How does the solar dynamo work and drive connections between the Sun and the heliosphere? Maximising the mission's science return requires considering the characteristics of each orbit, including the relative position of the spacecraft to Earth (affecting downlink rates), trajectory events (such as gravitational assist manoeuvres), and the phase of the solar activity cycle. Furthermore, since each orbit's science telemetry will be downloaded over the course of the following orbit, science operations must be planned at mission level, rather than at the level of individual orbits. It is important to explore the way in which those science questions are translated into an actual plan of observations that fits into the mission, thus ensuring that no opportunities are missed. First, the overarching goals are broken down into specific, answerable questions along with the required observations and the so-called Science Activity Plan (SAP) is developed to achieve this. The SAP groups objectives that require similar observations into Solar Orbiter Observing Plans, resulting in a strategic, top-level view of the optimal opportunities for science observations during the mission lifetime. This allows for all four mission goals to be addressed. In this paper, we introduce Solar Orbiter's SAP through a series of examples and the strategy being followed.
Published: 2020

7. Alfv\'enic Slow Solar Wind Observed in the Inner Heliosphere by Parker Solar Probe

Author: Huang, Jia, Kasper, J. C., Stevens, M., Vech, D., Klein, K. G., Martinović, Mihailo M., Alterman, B. L., Jian, Lan K., Hu, Qiang, Velli, Marco, Horbury, Timothy S., Lavraud, B., Parashar, T. N., Ďurovcová, Tereza, Niembro, Tatiana, Paulson, Kristoff, Hegedus, A., Bert, C. M., Holmes, J., Case, A. W., Korreck, K. E., Bale, Stuart D., Larson, Davin E., Livi, Roberto, Whittlesey, P., Pulupa, Marc, de Wit, Thierry Dudok, Malaspina, David M., MacDowall, Robert J., Bonnell, John W., Harvey, Peter R., and Goetz, Keith
Subjects: Physics - Space Physics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract: The slow solar wind is typically characterized as having low Alfv\'enicity. However, Parker Solar Probe (PSP) observed predominately Alfv\'enic slow solar wind during several of its initial encounters. From its first encounter observations, about 55.3\% of the slow solar wind inside 0.25 au is highly Alfv\'enic ($|\sigma_C| > 0.7$) at current solar minimum, which is much higher than the fraction of quiet-Sun-associated highly Alfv\'enic slow wind observed at solar maximum at 1 au. Intervals of slow solar wind with different Alfv\'enicities seem to show similar plasma characteristics and temperature anisotropy distributions. Some low Alfv\'enicity slow wind intervals even show high temperature anisotropies, because the slow wind may experience perpendicular heating as fast wind does when close to the Sun. This signature is confirmed by Wind spacecraft measurements as we track PSP observations to 1 au. Further, with nearly 15 years of Wind measurements, we find that the distributions of plasma characteristics, temperature anisotropy and helium abundance ratio ($N_\alpha/N_p$) are similar in slow winds with different Alfv\'enicities, but the distributions are different from those in the fast solar wind. Highly Alfv\'enic slow solar wind contains both helium-rich ($N_\alpha/N_p\sim0.045$) and helium-poor ($N_\alpha/N_p\sim0.015$) populations, implying it may originate from multiple source regions. These results suggest that highly Alfv\'enic slow solar wind shares similar temperature anisotropy and helium abundance properties with regular slow solar winds, and they thus should have multiple origins., Comment: submitted to ApJS, welcome comments
Published: 2020

8. Alfv��nic Slow Solar Wind Observed in the Inner Heliosphere by Parker Solar Probe

Author: Huang, Jia, Kasper, J. C., Stevens, M., Vech, D., Klein, K. G., Martinovi��, Mihailo M., Alterman, B. L., Jian, Lan K., Hu, Qiang, Velli, Marco, Horbury, Timothy S., Lavraud, B., Parashar, T. N., ��urovcov��, Tereza, Niembro, Tatiana, Paulson, Kristoff, Hegedus, A., Bert, C. M., Holmes, J., Case, A. W., Korreck, K. E., Bale, Stuart D., Larson, Davin E., Livi, Roberto, Whittlesey, P., Pulupa, Marc, de Wit, Thierry Dudok, Malaspina, David M., MacDowall, Robert J., Bonnell, John W., Harvey, Peter R., and Goetz, Keith
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract: The slow solar wind is typically characterized as having low Alfv��nicity. However, Parker Solar Probe (PSP) observed predominately Alfv��nic slow solar wind during several of its initial encounters. From its first encounter observations, about 55.3\% of the slow solar wind inside 0.25 au is highly Alfv��nic ($|��_C| > 0.7$) at current solar minimum, which is much higher than the fraction of quiet-Sun-associated highly Alfv��nic slow wind observed at solar maximum at 1 au. Intervals of slow solar wind with different Alfv��nicities seem to show similar plasma characteristics and temperature anisotropy distributions. Some low Alfv��nicity slow wind intervals even show high temperature anisotropies, because the slow wind may experience perpendicular heating as fast wind does when close to the Sun. This signature is confirmed by Wind spacecraft measurements as we track PSP observations to 1 au. Further, with nearly 15 years of Wind measurements, we find that the distributions of plasma characteristics, temperature anisotropy and helium abundance ratio ($N_��/N_p$) are similar in slow winds with different Alfv��nicities, but the distributions are different from those in the fast solar wind. Highly Alfv��nic slow solar wind contains both helium-rich ($N_��/N_p\sim0.045$) and helium-poor ($N_��/N_p\sim0.015$) populations, implying it may originate from multiple source regions. These results suggest that highly Alfv��nic slow solar wind shares similar temperature anisotropy and helium abundance properties with regular slow solar winds, and they thus should have multiple origins., submitted to ApJS, welcome comments
Published: 2020
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9. Lower hybrid waves in the ion diffusion and magnetospheric inflow regions

Author: Graham, D. B., Khotyaintsev, Yu. V., Norgren, C., Vaivads, A., Andre, M., Toledo-Redondo, S., Lindqvist, P. -A., Marklund, G. T., Ergun, R. E., Paterson, W. R., Gershman, D. J., Giles, B. L., Pollock, C. J., Dorelli, J. C., Avanov, L. A., Lavraud, B., Magnes, W., Russell, C. T., Strangeway, R. J., Torbert, R. B., Burch, J. L., and Saito, Yoshifumi
Subjects: Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Magnetic reconnection, Inflow, Geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ion, Physics::Plasma Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Diffusion (business), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: 著者人数: 22名, Accepted: 2016-12-13, 資料番号: SA1170046000
Published: 2017

10. Generation of turbulence in Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices at the Earth's magnetopause: Magnetospheric Multiscale observations

Author: Nakamura, T. K. M., Gershman, D. J., Nariyuki, Y., F.-Vinas, A., Giles, B. L., Lavraud, B., Russell, C. T., Khotyaintsev, Y. V., Ergun, R. E., Hasegawa, Hiroshi, Saito, Yoshifumi, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Instability, plasma transport, Physics::Geophysics, Momentum, symbols.namesake, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, Turbulence, turbulence, magnetopause, Magnetic reconnection, Vortex, Solar wind, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Helmholtz free energy, Quantum electrodynamics, magnetic reconnection, Physics::Space Physics, symbols, Magnetopause, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, kinetic Alfven wave
Abstract: 著者人数: 11名, Accepted: 2020-02-21, 資料番号: SA1190234000
Published: 2019

11. Crescent-Shaped Electron Distributions at the Nonreconnecting Magnetopause: Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations

Author: Tang, B. -B., Li, W. Y., Graham, D. B., Rager, A. C., Wang, C., Khotyaintsev, Yu. V., Lavraud, B., Zhang, Y. -C., Dai, L., Giles, B. L., Dorelli, J. C., Russell, C. T., Lindqvist, P. -A., Ergun, R. E., Burch, J. L., Hasegawa, Hiroshi, CFD Lab [Montréal], Department of Mechanical Engineering [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Sichuan University [Chengdu] (SCU), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Condensed matter physics, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Magnetic reconnection, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic field, Geophysics, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Space Physics, Perpendicular, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Magnetopause, Diffusion (business), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Computer Science::Databases, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: 著者人数: 16名, Accepted: 2019-02-26, 資料番号: SA1180413000
Published: 2019

12. Kinetic Effects of Cold Plasma on Magnetospheric EMIC Waves

Author: Toledo-Redondo, Sergio, Lavraud, B., Fuselier, S. A., Le Contel, Olivier, Moore, T. E., Giles, B. L., Lindqvist, P. A., Russell, C. T., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Physics::Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Space Physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; The Earth's magnetosphere is populated by particles coming from the Earth's ionosphere and the solar wind. The ionospheric component is often composed by cold (below tens of eV) ions, and it has been shown that these cold ions introduce a shorter length-scale into plasma processes like magnetic reconnection, owing to their smaller gyroradius than hot magnetospheric ions. In addition, Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) waves do occur in the outer magnetosphere, often in association with ionospheric ions, and serve as a coupling mechanism to the ionosphere and inner magnetosphere. Using the MMS fleet, we investigate the dynamics of these waves when cold ions are present, and compare them to cases without the cold ion component. The short separation between spacecraft plus the high time resolution of MMS allows us to resolve the kinetic properties of these waves with unprecedented detail. When cold ions are present, the wave becomes kinetic to the (hot) ring current ions, whereas the cold ions remain largely magnetized. This results into cold ion trapping that produces density enhancements, which in turn may be linked to the generation of whistlers.
Published: 2018

13. Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations of Magnetic Reconnection Associated with Kelvin-Helmholtz Waves

Author: Eriksson, S., Lavraud, B., Wilder, F. D., Stawarz, J. E., Giles, B. L., Burch, J. L., Baumjohann, W., Ergun, R. E., Lindqvist, P.-A., Magnes, W., Pollock, C. J., Russell, C. T., Strangeway, R. J., Torbert, R. B., Gershman, D. J., Khotyaintsev, Yu. V., Dorelli, J. C., Schwartz, S. J., Avanov, L., Grimes, E., Vernisse, Y., Sturner, A. P., Phan, T. D., Marklund, G. T., Moore, T. E., Paterson, W. R., Goodrich, K. A., Saito, Yoshifumi, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Leverhulme Trust, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, MAGNETOPAUSE, INSTABILITY, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, MD Multidisciplinary, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, FIELD, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, VORTICES, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Science & Technology, PLASMA, guide-magnetic field reconnection, reconnection exhaust, Magnetic reconnection, Geology, Plasma, Geophysics, SIMULATIONS, TRANSPORT, Computational physics, Magnetic field, Vortex, Solar wind, BOUNDARY, LAYER, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Kelvin-Helmholtz waves, Physical Sciences, Physics::Space Physics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Magnetopause
Abstract: 著者人数: 28名, Accepted: 2016-05-09, 資料番号: SA1160079000
Published: 2016

14. Decay of mesoscale flux transfer events during quasi‐continuous spatially extended reconnection at the magnetopause

Author: Pollock, C. J., Giles, B. L., Dorelli, J. C., Gershman, D. J., Avanov, L. A., Kreisler, S., Paterson, W. R., Chandler, M. O., Coffey, V., Burch, J. L., Torbert, R. B., Moore, T. E., Russell, C. T., Strangeway, R. J., Le, G., Phan, T. D., Lavraud, B., Hesse, M., Hasegawa, Hiroshi, Kitamura, Naritoshi, Saito, Yoshifumi, Nagai, Tsugunobu, Shinohara, Iku, Yokota, Shoichiro, Oka, Mitsuo, Zenitani, Seiji, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Jet (fluid), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, magnetopause, Mesoscale meteorology, Flux, Magnetosphere, Magnetic reconnection, Geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Solar wind, magnetic flux rope, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], magnetic reconnection, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Magnetopause, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Interplanetary magnetic field, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, flux transfer events, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: 著者人数: 26名, Accepted: 2016-04-28, 資料番号: SA1160083000
Published: 2016

15. Space Physics Effects in the Near-Magnetopause Magnetosheath Elicited by Large-Amplitude Alfvénic Fluctuations Terminating in a Field and Flow Discontinuity

Author: Farrugia, C., Cohen, I, Vasquez, B, Lugaz, N, Alm, L, Torbert, R., Argall, M, Paulson, K, Lavraud, B, Gershman, D, Gratton, F, Matsui, H, Rogers, A, Forbes, T, Payne, D, Ergun, R, Mauk, B, Burch, J, Russell, C, Strangeway, R, Shuster, J, Nakamura, R, Fuselier, S, Giles, B, Khotyaintsev, Y, Lindqvist, P, Marklund, G, Petrinec, S, Pollock, C, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), EOS Space Science Center [Durham], and University of New Hampshire (UNH)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Physics::Space Physics
Abstract: International audience; In this paper we report on a sequence of large-amplitude Alfvénic fluctuations terminating in a field and flow discontinuity and their effects on electromagnetic fields and plasmas in the near-magnetopause magnetosheath. An arc-polarized structure in the magnetic field was observed by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms-C in the solar wind, indicative of nonlinear Alfvén waves. It ends with a combined tangential discontinuity/vortex sheet, which is strongly inclined to the ecliptic plane and at which there is a sharp rise in the density and a drop in temperature. Several effects resulting from this structure were observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft in the magnetosheath close to the subsolar point (11:30 magnetic local time) and somewhat south of the geomagnetic equator (−33 ∘ magnetic latitude): (i) kinetic Alfvén waves; (ii) a peaking of the electric and magnetic field strengths where E ⋅ J becomes strong and negative (−1 nW/m 3) just prior to an abrupt dropout of the fields; (iii) evolution in the pitch angle distribution of energetic (a few tens of kilo-electron-volts) ions (H + , He n+ , and O n+) and electrons inside a high-density region, which we attribute to gyrosounding of the tangential discontinuity/vortex sheet structure passing by the spacecraft; (iv) field-aligned acceleration of ions and electrons that could be associated with localized magnetosheath reconnection inside the high-density region; and (v) variable and strong flow changes, which we argue to be unrelated to reconnection at partial magnetopause crossings and likely result from deflections of magnetosheath flow by a locally deformed, oscillating magnetopause.
Published: 2018

16. Electron Crescent Distributions as a Manifestation of Diamagnetic Drift in an Electron-Scale Current Sheet: Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations Using New 7.5 ms Fast Plasma Investigation Moments

Author: Rager, AC, Dorelli, JC, Gershman, DJ, Uritsky, V, Avanov, LA, Torbert, RB, Burch, JL, Ergun, RE, Egedal, J, Schiff, C, Shuster, JR, Giles, BL, Paterson, WR, Pollock, CJ, Strangeway, RJ, Russell, CT, Lavraud, B, Coffey, VN, and Saito, Y
Subjects: diamagnetic drift, Physics::Space Physics, reconnection, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract: We report Magnetospheric Multiscale observations of electron pressure gradient electric fields near a magnetic reconnection diffusion region using a new technique for extracting 7.5 ms electron moments from the Fast Plasma Investigation. We find that the deviation of the perpendicular electron bulk velocity from E × B drift in the interval where the out-of-plane current density is increasing can be explained by the diamagnetic drift. In the interval where the out-of-plane current is transitioning to in-plane current, the electron momentum equation is not satisfied at 7.5 ms resolution.
Published: 2018

17. Magnetic Reconnection at a Thin Current Sheet Separating Two Interlaced Flux Tubes at the Earth's Magnetopause

Author: Kacem, I., Jacquey, C., Genot, V., Lavraud, B., Vernisse, Y., Marchaudon, A., Le, Contel O., Breuillard, H., Phan, T. D., Trattner, K. J., Farrugia, C. J., Paulson, K., Eastwood, J. P., Fuselier, S. A., Turner, D., Eriksson, S., Wilder, F., Russell, C. T., Oieroset, M., Burch, J., Graham, D. B., Sauvaud, J.‐A., Avanov, L., Chandler, M., Coffey, V., Dorelli, J., Gershman, D. J., Giles, B. L., Moore, T. E., Chen, L.‐J., Penou, E., Hasegawa, Hiroshi, Oka, Mitsuo, Saito, Yoshifumi, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: ELECTRON ACCELERATION, COORDINATED CLUSTER, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Magnetosphere, Astronomy & Astrophysics, TRANSFER EVENTS, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Current sheet, GUIDE FIELD, Magnetosheath, SPACECRAFT, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Science & Technology, PLASMA, Flux tube, MAGNETOSPHERIC MULTISCALE MISSION, LINE RECONNECTION, Magnetic reconnection, Magnetic flux, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SPACE-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Space Physics [physics.space-ph], Computational physics, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Physical Sciences, Physics::Space Physics, Flux transfer event, Magnetopause, CLUSTER OBSERVATIONS, DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE
Abstract: 著者人数: 34名, Accepted: 2018-01-27, 資料番号: SA1170319000
Published: 2018

18. Electron magnetic reconnection without ion coupling in Earth's turbulent magnetosheath

Author: Phan, T. D., Eastwood, J. P., Shay, M. A., Drake, J. F., Sonnerup, B. U. O., Cassak, P. A., Oieroset, M., Burch, J. L., Torbert, R. B., Rager, A. C., Dorelli, J. C., Gershman, D. J., Pollock, C., Pyakurel, P. S., Haggerty, C. C., Khotyaintsev, Y., Lavraud, B., Ergun, R. E., Retino, A., Le, Contel O., Argall, M. R., Giles, B. L., Moore, T. E., Wilder, F. D., Strangeway, R. J., Russell, C. T., Lindqvist, P. A., Fujimoto, Masaki, Saito, Yoshifumi, Oka, Mitsuo, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: Physics, Jet (fluid), Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, General Science & Technology, Magnetic reconnection, Plasma, Bow shocks in astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Computational physics, Ion, Current sheet, Magnetosheath, Physics::Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Space Physics, Energy transformation, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: 著者人数: 31名, Accepted: 2018-01-30, 資料番号: SA1180001000
Published: 2018

19. Reconnection properties in Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities

Author: Vernisse, Y., Lavraud, B., Eriksson, S., Gershman, D. J., Dorelli, J. C., Pollock, C. J., Giles, B. L., Aunai, N., Avanov, L. A., Burch, J. L., Chandler, Michael O., Coffey, V. N., Dargent, Jérémy, Ergun, R., Farrugia, C. J., Genot, V. N., Graham, Daniel B., Hasegawa, H., Jacquey, C., Kacem, I., Khotyaintsev, Y. V., Li, W., Magnes, W., Marchaudon, A., Moore, T. E., Paterson, W. R., Penou, E., Phan, T., Retinò, Alessandro, Schwartz, S. J., Saito, Y., Sauvaud, J.-A., Schiff, C., Torbert, R. B., Wilder, F. D., Yokota, S., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Space Physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities are particular laboratories to study strong guide field reconnection processes. In particular, unlike the usual dayside magnetopause, the conditions across the magnetopause in KH vortices are quasi-symmetric, with low differences in beta and magnetic shear angle. We study these properties by means of statistical analysis of the high-resolution data of the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. Several events of Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities pas the terminator plane and a long lasting dayside instabilities event where used in order to produce this statistical analysis. Early results present a consistency between the data and the theory. In addition, the results emphasize the importance of the thickness of the magnetopause as a driver of magnetic reconnection in low magnetic shear events.
Published: 2017

20. Multi-scale observations of magnetic reconnection: Cluster and MMS measurements of the reconnecting magnetopause at the subsolar region and dusk sector

Author: Toledo-Redondo, Sergio, Escoubet, C. Philippe, Lavraud, B., Andre, M., Coxon, J., Fear, R. C., Aunai, N., Hwang, K.-J., Li, W., Fuselier, S. A., Giles, B. L., Russell, C. T., Burch, J. L., European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental plasma process that couples the shocked solar wind to the Earth's magnetosphere, allowing the interchange of energy and mass. The X line of magnetic reconnection lies along the magnetopause but its extent and orientation are only partially understood, despite its importance for understanding global solar wind - magnetosphere coupling. We have identified a series of conjunctions between the MMS and Cluster missions where they crossed simultaneously the magnetopause at locations separated by several Earth radii: MMS spacecraft were in the subsolar region while Cluster were in the dusk flank. We identify signatures of reconnection at both spacecraft, allowing us to draw new conclusions about the extent, orientation and time variations of the X line along the magnetopause.
Published: 2017

21. A study on the non Maxwellian nature of ion velocity distribution functions using Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) data

Author: Valentini, F., Perri, S., Yordanova, E., Paterson, W. R., Gershman, D. J., Giles, B. L., Pollock, C. J., Dorelli, J. C., Avanov, L. A., Lavraud, B., Saito, Y., Nakamura, R., Fischer, D., Baumjohann, W., Plaschke, F., Narita, Y., Magnes, W., Russell, C. T., Strangeway, R. J., Le Contel, Olivier, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Physics::Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Space Physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; The interplanetary space is permeated by a plasma where effects of collisions among particles can be considered negligible. In such a weekly collisional medium, in the range of scales where kinetic effects dominate the plasma dynamics, the particle velocity distribution functions (VDF) are observed to be far from the thermodynamic equilibrium. Moreover, recent numerical self-consistent and nonlinear models of plasma turbulence dynamics have shown the presence of significant non-Maxwellian features in the particle VDFs, caused by kinetic effects, which become dominant in the turbulent cascade at ion scales. In particular, a kinetic hybrid Vlasov-Maxwell (HVM) numerical code, which reproduces the turbulent energy cascade down to ion scales, has highlighted significant departures of the ion VDFs from Maxwellian and a local temperature anisotropy close to current sheets structures generated by the turbulent cascade and close to regions of high ion vorticity.In this work, we make use of the high resolution (150 ms) ion and electron VDFs from Fast Plasma Investigation (FPI) instrument on board MMS and the about 1kHz resolution magnetic field data to investigate the possible presence of non-Maxwellian features in the ion VDFs close to intermittent magnetic structures and regions of high current density and vorticity. The data are relevant to a period where the MMS spacecraft was immersed in the turbulent magnetosheath (see Yordanova et al., 2016). The aim is to compare the analysis made by Valentini et al., 2016 on proton and alpha particles in the HVM simulations with the analysis made on the MMS data, and to deeply characterize the ion dynamics in the near Earth plasma. It is worth mentioning that thanks to its very high resolution plasma data, MMS has given the opportunity to study in details kinetic effects in plasma turbulence, down to electron scales.
Published: 2017

22. Electron Crescent Distributions as a Manifestation of Diamagnetic Drift in an Electron-Scale Current Sheet: Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations Using New 7.5 ms Fast Plasma Investigation Moments

Author: Rager, A. C., Dorelli, J. C., Gershman, D. J., Uritsky, V., Avanov, L. A., Torbert, R. B., Burch, J. L., Ergun, R. E., Egedal, J., Schiff, C., Shuster, J. R., Giles, B. L., Paterson, W. R., Pollock, C. J., Strangeway, R. J., Russell, C. T., Lavraud, B., Coffey, V. N., and Saito, Yoshifumi
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Current sheet, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Research Letter, Magnetospheric Physics, Magnetic Reconnection, Instruments and Techniques, Diffusion (business), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Solar Physics, Astrophysics, and Astronomy, diamagnetic drift, Magnetic reconnection, Plasma, Research Letters, Computational physics, Geophysics, Charged Particle Motion and Acceleration, Physics::Space Physics, reconnection, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Diamagnetism, Space Plasma Physics, Current density, Space Sciences
Abstract: 著者人数: 19名, Accepted: 2018-01-07, 資料番号: SA1170245000
Published: 2017

23. Drift waves, intense parallel electric fields, and turbulence associated with asymmetric magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause

Author: Ergun, R. E., Chen, L.-J., Wilder, F. D., Ahmadi, N., Eriksson, S., Usanova, M. E., Goodrich, K. A., Holmes, J. C., Sturner, A. P., Malaspina, D. M., Newman, D. L., Torbert, R. B., Argall, M. R., Lindqvist, P.-A., Burch, J. L., Webster, J. M., Drake, J. F., Price, L., Cassak, P. A., Swisdak, M., Shay, M. A., Graham, D. B., Strangeway, R. J., Russell, C. T., Giles, B. L., Dorelli, J. C., Gershman, D. J., Avanov, L., Hesse, Michael, Lavraud, B., Le Contel, Olivier, Retinò, Alessandro, Phan, T. D., Goldman, M. V., Stawarz, J. E., Schwartz, S. J., Eastwood, Jonathan P., Hwang, K.-J., Nakamura, R., Wang, S., Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Alfven Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Science & Technology, parallel electric fields, turbulence, INSTABILITY, drift waves, Geology, MAGNETOSPHERIC MULTISCALE, X-LINE, asymmetric magnetic reconnection, MMS OBSERVATIONS, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Space Physics, Physical Sciences, DIFFUSION REGION, MD Multidisciplinary, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], DISSIPATION
Abstract: International audience; Observations of magnetic reconnection at Earth's magnetopause often display asymmetric structures that are accompanied by strong magnetic field (B) fluctuations and large-amplitude parallel electric fields (E||). The B turbulence is most intense at frequencies above the ion cyclotron frequency and below the lower hybrid frequency. The B fluctuations are consistent with a thin, oscillating current sheet that is corrugated along the electron flow direction (along the X line), which is a type of electromagnetic drift wave. Near the X line, electron flow is primarily due to a Hall electric field, which diverts ion flow in asymmetric reconnection and accompanies the instability. Importantly, the drift waves appear to drive strong parallel currents which, in turn, generate large-amplitude ( 100 mV/m) E|| in the form of nonlinear waves and structures. These observations suggest that turbulence may be common in asymmetric reconnection, penetrate into the electron diffusion region, and possibly influence the magnetic reconnection process.
Published: 2017

24. MMS Observation of Magnetic Reconnection in the Turbulent Magnetosheath

Author: Vörös, Z., Yordanova, E., Varsani, A., Genestreti, K. J., Khotyaintsev, Y. V., Li, W., Graham, D. B., Norgren, C., Nakamura, R., Narita, Y., Plaschke, F., Magnes, W., Baumjohann, W., Fischer, D., Vaivads, A., Eriksson, E., Lindqvist, P.-A., Marklund, G., Ergun, R. E., Leitner, M., Leubner, M. P., Strangeway, R. J., Le Contel, Olivier, Pollock, C., Giles, B. J., Torbert, R. B., Burch, J. L., Avanov, L. A., Dorelli, J. C., Gershman, D. J., Paterson, W. R., Lavraud, B., Saito, Y., Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Alfven Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], and Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Subjects: Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Space Physics, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; In this paper we use the full armament of the MMS (Magnetospheric Multiscale) spacecraft to study magnetic reconnection in the turbulent magnetosheath downstream of a quasi-parallel bow shock. Contrarily to the magnetopause and magnetotail cases, only a few observations of reconnection in the magnetosheath have been reported. The case study in this paper presents, for the first time, both fluid-scale and kinetic-scale signatures of an ongoing reconnection in the turbulent magnetosheath. The spacecraft are crossing the reconnection inflow and outflow regions and the ion diffusion region (IDR). Inside the reconnection outflows D shape ion distributions are observed. Inside the IDR mixing of ion populations, crescent-like velocity distributions and ion accelerations are observed. One of the spacecraft skims the outer region of the electron diffusion region, where parallel electric fields, energy dissipation/conversion, electron pressure tensor agyrotropy, electron temperature anisotropy, and electron accelerations are observed. Some of the difficulties of the observations of magnetic reconnection in turbulent plasma are also outlined.
Published: 2017

25. Kinetic simulation of asymmetric magnetic reconnection with cold ions

Author: Dargent, Jérémy, Aunai, Nicolas, Lavraud, B., Toledo-Redondo, Sergio, Shay, M. A., Cassak, P. A., Malakit, K., Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Physics::Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Space Physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; At the dayside magnetopause, the magnetosphere often contains a cold ion population of ionospheric origin. This population is not always detectable by particle instruments due to its low energy, despite having an important contribution to the total ion density and therefore an impact on key plasma processes such as magnetic reconnection. The exact role and implications of this low-temperature population are still not well known and has not been addressed with numerical simulation before. We present 2-D fully kinetic simulations of asymmetric magnetic reconnection with and without a cold ion population on the magnetospheric side of the magnetopause, but sharing the same total density, temperature, and magnetic field profiles. The comparison of the simulations suggests that cold ions directly impact signatures recently suggested as a good marker of the X line region: the Larmor electric field. Our simulations reveal that this electric field, initially present all along the magnetospheric separatrix, is related to the bounce of magnetosheath ions at the magnetopause magnetic field reversal through Speiser-like orbits. Once reconnection widens the current sheet away from the X line, the bouncing stops and the electric field signature remains solely confined near the X line. When cold ions are present, however, their very low temperature enables them to E × B drift in the electric field structure. If their density is large enough compared to other ions, their contribution to the momentum equation is capable of maintaining the signature away from the X line. This effect must be taken into account when analyzing in situ spacecraft measurements.
Published: 2017

26. Lower Hybrid Drift Waves and Electromagnetic Electron Space-Phase Holes Associated With Dipolarization Fronts and Field-Aligned Currents Observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission During a Substorm

Author: Le Contel, Olivier, Nakamura, R., Breuillard, Hugo, Argall, M. R., Graham, D. B., Fischer, D., Retinò, Alessandro, Berthomier, Matthieu, Pottelette, Raymond, Mirioni, Laurent, Chust, Thomas, Wilder, F. D., Gershman, D. J., Varsani, A., Lindqvist, P.-A., Khotyaintsev, Y. V., Norgren, C., Ergun, R. E., Goodrich, K. A., Burch, J. L., Torbert, R. B., Needell, J., Chutter, M., Rau, D., Dors, I., Russell, C. T., Magnes, W., Strangeway, R. J., Bromund, K. R., Wei, H. Y., Plaschke, F., Anderson, B. J., Le, G., Moore, T. E., Giles, B. L., Paterson, W. R., Pollock, C. J., Dorelli, J. C., Avanov, L. A., Saito, Y., Lavraud, B., Fuselier, S. A., Mauk, B. H., Cohen, I. J., Turner, D. L., Fennell, J. F., Leonard, T., Jaynes, A. N., Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Alfven Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Space Physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; We analyze two ion scale dipolarization fronts associated with field-aligned currents detected by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission during a large substorm on 10 August 2016. The first event corresponds to a fast dawnward flow with an antiparallel current and could be generated by the wake of a previous fast earthward flow. It is associated with intense lower hybrid drift waves detected at the front and propagating dawnward with a perpendicular phase speed close to the electric drift and the ion thermal velocity. The second event corresponds to a flow reversal: from southwward/dawnward to northward/duskward associated with a parallel current consistent with a brief expansion of the plasma sheet before the front crossing and with a smaller lower hybrid drift wave activity. Electromagnetic electron phase-space holes are detected near these low-frequency drift waves during both events. The drift waves could accelerate electrons parallel to the magnetic field and produce the parallel electron drift needed to generate the electron holes. Yet we cannot rule out the possibility that the drift waves are produced by the antiparallel current associated with the fast flows, leaving the source for the electron holes unexplained.
Published: 2017

27. Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations of Electron Vortex Magnetic Hole in the Magnetosheath Turbulent Plasma

Author: Huang, S. Y., Sahraoui, F., Yuan, Z. G., He, J. S., Zhao, J. S., Contel, O. Le, Deng, X. H., Zhou, M., Fu, H. S., Pang, Y., Shi, Q. Q., Lavraud, B., Yang, J., Wang, D. D., Yu, X. D., Pollock, C. J., Giles, B. L., Torbert, R. B., Russell, C. T., Goodrich, K. A., Gershman, D. J., Moore, T. E., Ergun, R. E., Khotyaintsev, Y. V., Lindqvist, P. -A., Strangeway, R. J., Magnes, W., Bromund, K., Leinweber, H., Plaschke, F., Anderson, B. J., and Burch, J. L.
Subjects: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Physics - Space Physics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Space Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: We report the observations of an electron vortex magnetic hole corresponding to a new type of coherent structures in the magnetosheath turbulent plasma using the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission data. The magnetic hole is characterized by a magnetic depression, a density peak, a total electron temperature increase (with a parallel temperature decrease but a perpendicular temperature increase), and strong currents carried by the electrons. The current has a dip in the center of the magnetic hole and a peak in the outer region of the magnetic hole. The estimated size of the magnetic hole is about 0.23 \r{ho}i (~ 30 \r{ho}e) in the circular cross-section perpendicular to its axis, where \r{ho}i and \r{ho}e are respectively the proton and electron gyroradius. There are no clear enhancement seen in high energy electron fluxes, but an enhancement in the perpendicular electron fluxes at ~ 90{\deg} pitch angles inside the magnetic hole is seen, implying that the electron are trapped within it. The variations of the electron velocity components Vem and Ven suggest that an electron vortex is formed by trapping electrons inside the magnetic hole in the circular cross-section (in the M-N plane). These observations demonstrate the existence of a new type of coherent structures behaving as an electron vortex magnetic hole in turbulent space plasmas as predicted by recent kinetic simulations., Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2016

28. Turbulence Heating Observer - Thor

Author: Retinò, Alessandro, Vaivads, A., Escoubet, C. Philippe, Khotyaintsev, Y. V., Soucek, J., Valentini, F., Chen, C. H. K., Fazakerley, A., Lavraud, B., Marcucci, M. F., Narita, Y., Vainio, Rami O., Gehler, M., Voirin, T., Wielders, A., Boudin, N., Osuna, P., Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Kiruna] (IRF), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Space Physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Turbulent fluctuations are ubiquitous in astrophysical plasmas and reach up scales as large as stars, bubbles and clouds blown out by stellar winds as well as entire galaxies. However, most of the irreversible energy dissipation associated to turbulent fluctuations occurs at very small scales, the so-called kinetic scales, where the plasma no longer behaves as a fluid and the properties of individual plasma species (electrons, protons, and other ions) become important. The heating of different plasma species as well as the acceleration of particles to high energies are governed by kinetic processes which determine how the turbulent electromagnetic fluctuations dissipate. Thus, processes at kinetic scales directly affect the large-scale properties of astrophysical plasmas. Turbulence Heating ObserveR (THOR) is one of the three candidates for selection as the next ESA M-class mission (M4). THOR will be the first mission ever flown in space that is fully dedicated to study plasma turbulent fluctuations and associated energization mechanisms. It will explore the kinetic plasma processes that determine the fundamental behavior of the majority of baryonic matter in the universe, and will lead to an understanding of the basic plasma heating and particle acceleration mechanisms, of their effect on different plasma species and of their relative importance in different turbulent regimes. THOR will provide closure of these fundamental questions by making detailed in situ measurements of the closest available dilute and turbulent magnetized plasmas - the Near-Earth's space - at unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution. THOR focuses on particular regions in space: the pristine solar wind, the Earth's bow shock and interplanetary shocks, and the compressed solar wind regions downstream of shocks. These regions are selected because of their different turbulence properties and reflect the properties of a number of distant astrophysical environments. Here we present THOR's science as well as the results of the ongoing mission study, currently undertaken at ESA.
Published: 2016

29. Differential kinetic behavior of protons and alpha particles in turbulent solar wind: hybrid Vlasov simulations

Author: Perrone, D., Valentini, F., Stabile, S., Pezzi, O., Servidio, S., Veltri, P., De Marco, R., Bruno, Roberto, Lavraud, B., De Keyser, J., Consolini, G., Brienza, D., Marcucci, M. F., Sorriso-Valvo, L., Retinò, Alessandro, Vaivads, A., Salatti, M., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Physics::Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Space Physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; The general picture of turbulence in plasmas becomes more complicated in the solar wind because of its multi-component nature. In fact, although the solar wind is predominantly constituted of protons, is also made up of a finite amount of alpha particles, together with a few percent of heavier ions. `In situ' observations have shown that heavy ions (alpha particles in particular) seem to be preferentially heated and accelerated with respect to protons. However, due to very scarce measurements of heavy ions at time resolutions comparable with their kinetic scales, energy partition between species in turbulent plasma dissipation is basically unexplored. THOR measurements of ions at high temporal resolution, together with high energy and angular resolutions, could allow solving this key issue. For the moment, most of the information comes from numerical simulations and a crucial support is given by self-consistent, fully nonlinear Vlasov models. Here, hybrid Vlasov-Maxwell simulations are used to investigate the role of kinetic effects in a two-dimensional turbulent multi-ion plasma, composed of protons, alpha particles, and fluid electrons. In particular, the differential kinetic dynamics of ions are analyzed in terms of anisotropy e non-gyrotropy of the ion distribution functions. The stronger deviations of the ion velocity distributions from the thermodynamic equilibrium (Maxwellian configuration) appear localized near the peaks of the current density, associates also to a significant increase of the ion temperature. This behavior is found to be more important for alpha particles than for protons.
Published: 2016

30. THOR contribution to space weather science

Author: Vaivads, A., Opgenoorth, H. J., Retinò, Alessandro, Khotyaintsev, Y. V., Soucek, J., Valentini, F., Escoubet, C. Philippe, Chen, C. H. K., Vainio, Rami O., Fazakerley, A., Lavraud, B., Narita, Y., Marcucci, M. F., Kucharek, H., Bale, S. D., Moore, T. E., Kistler, L. M., Samara, M., Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Space Physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Turbulence Heating ObserveR - THOR is a mission proposal to study energy dissipation and particle acceleration in turbulent space plasma. THOR will focus on turbulent plasma in pristine solar wind, bow shock and magnetosheath. The orbit of THOR is tuned to spend long times in those regions allowing THOR to obtain high resolution data sets that can be used also for space weather science. Here we will discuss the space weather science questions that can be addressed and significantly advanced using THOR. Link to THOR: http://thor.irfu.se.
Published: 2016

31. Physics of the diffusion region in the Magnetospheric Multiscale era

Author: Chen, L. J., Hesse, Michael, Wang, S., Ergun, R., Bessho, N., Burch, J. L., Giles, B. L., Torbert, R. B., Gershman, D. J., Wilson III, L. B., Dorelli, J. C., Pollock, C. J., Moore, T. E., Lavraud, B., Strangeway, R. J., Russell, C. T., Khotyaintsev, Y. V., Le Contel, Olivier, Avanov, L. A., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Space Physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Encounters of reconnection diffusion regions by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission during its first magnetopause scan are studied in combination with theories and simulations. The goal is to understand by first-principles how stored magnetic energy is converted into plasma thermal and bulk flow energies via particle energization, mixing and interaction with waves. The magnetosheath population having much higher density than the magnetospheric plasma is an outstanding narrator for and participant in the magnetospheric part of the diffusion region. For reconnection with negligible guide fields, the accelerated magnetosheath population (for both electrons and ions) is cyclotron turned by the reconnected magnetic field to form outflow jets, and then gyrotropized downstream. Wave fluctuations are reduced in the central electron diffusion region (EDR) and do not dominate the energy conversion there. For an event with a significant guide field to magnetize the electrons, wave fluctuations at the lower hybrid frequency dominate the energy conversion in the EDR, and the fastest electron outflow is established dominantly by a strong perpendicular electric field via the ExB flow in one exhaust and by time-of-flight effects along with parallel electric field acceleration in the other. Whether the above features are common threads to magnetopause reconnection diffusion regions is a question to be further examined.
Published: 2016

32. Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations of Flux-Rope Interactions in the Turbulent Terrestrial Magnetosheath

Author: Vörös, Z., Yordanova, E., Varsani, A., Graham, D. B., Norgren, C., Nakamura, R., Narita, Y., Magnes, W., Baumjohann, W., Fischer, D., Plaschke, F., Khotyaintsev, Y. V., Vaivads, A., Erkisson, E., Lindqvist, P. A., Marklund, G. T., Ergun, R., Leubner, M. P., Russell, C. T., Strangeway, R. J., Le Contel, Olivier, Pollock, C. J., Giles, B. L., Torbert, R. B., Burch, J. L., Avanov, L. A., Dorelli, J. C., Gershman, D. J., Paterson, W. R., Lavraud, B., Saito, Y., Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics::Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Space Physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Recent global hybrid and fully kinetic simulations of the terrestrial magnetosphere have shown that the turbulent quasi-parallel (QP) magnetosheath contains multi-scale interacting structures such as jets, flux ropes, waves, vortices, reconnecting current sheets, over the fluid, ion and electron scales. Multi-scale flux-rope interactions in magnetosheath plasma turbulence downstream of a QP shock are investigated on the basis of particle, plasma and field measurements from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission satellites. It is demonstrated that magnetic flux rope interactions are associated with magnetic flux pileup, density depletion and with formation of proton scale current sheets, electron scale spiky structures and particle heating. This study also demonstrates how patchy dissipation and plasma heating can occur in collisionless turbulent plasmas.
Published: 2016

33. MMS observations of magnetic reconnection in small-scale current sheets in magnetosheath turbulence

Author: Chasapis, A., Matthaeus, W. H., Parashar, T., Le Contel, Olivier, Retinò, Alessandro, Breuillard, Hugo, Khotyaintsev, Y. V., Vaivads, A., Lavraud, B., Moore, T. E., Burch, J. L., Torbert, R. B., Lindqvist, P. A., Ergun, R., Marklund, G. T., Goodrich, K. A., Wilder, F. D., Chutter, M., Needell, J., Rau, D., Dors, I., Russell, C., Le, G., Magnes, W., Strangeway, R. J., Bromund, K. R., Leinweber, H. K., Plaschke, F., Fischer, D., Anderson, B. J., Pollock, C., Giles, B. L., Paterson, W. R., Dorelli, J. C., Gershman, D. J., Avanov, L. A., Saito, Y., Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH )
Subjects: Physics::Fluid Dynamics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Space Physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Magnetic reconnection occurs in thin current sheets that form in turbulent plasmas. It leads to particle heating and acceleration and is thought to play an important role for the turbulent dissipation at kinetic scales, energy. However, in situ observations are scarce and the extent of its contribution to turbulent dissipation has yet to be determined. The MMS mission allows us to closely study kinetic-scale intermittent structures that form in turbulent plasma as well as to detect thin reconnecting current sheets and examine their properties. We present the results of MMS observations in the turbulence of the Earth's magnetosheath. We performed a statistical study of small-scale intermittent structures and their role in heating and accelerating electrons. We examined one current sheet in detail which shows evidence of reconnection, focusing on the mechanisms that drive the observed heating and acceleration within it and the role of wave-particle interactions.
Published: 2016

34. Evaluation of the generalized Ohm's law at the subsolar magnetopause diffusion region with MMS data

Author: Cozzani, Giulia, Retinò, Alessandro, Le Contel, Olivier, Chasapis, A., Califano, F., Khotyaintsev, Y. V., Vaivads, A., Breuillard, Hugo, Mirioni, Laurent, Lavraud, B., Torbert, R. B., Lindqvist, P. A., Ergun, R., Giles, B. L., Russell, C. T., Nakamura, R., Moore, T. E., Burch, J. L., Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH )
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Space Physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental process occurring in thin current sheets where a change in the magnetic field topology leads to fast magnetic energy conversion into energy of charged particles. A key yet poorly understood aspect is how the reconnection electric field is sustained in the diffusion region by the different terms in the generalized Ohm's law. In particular, the role of the pressure and inertia terms is not yet fully understood as well as the importance of the anomalous resistivity term and its source. Simulations have provided some estimations of the different terms; however direct observations have been scarce so far. The four-spacecraft Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (NASA/MMS) allows, for the first time, the full evaluation of the generalized Ohm's law in the diffusion region. Here we present MMS observations at a few subsolar diffusion region crossings on October,3rd 2015 where MMS spacecraft were separated by 25 km. We compare the measured electric field with the electric field due to both kinetic effects (electron pressure tensor, electron inertia terms) and to anomalous resistivity associated to different wave modes. The electric field is balanced by the Hall term at ion scales as expected. At smaller scales, preliminary results indicate that the electric field is mainly balanced by the divergence of the electron pressure tensor, although the contribution of anomalous resistivity is not negligible.
Published: 2016

35. Cold plasma and magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause boundary layer

Author: Toledo-Redondo, Sergio, Andre, M., Khotyaintsev, Y. V., Li, W., Graham, D. B., Walsh, A. P., Arnaud, M., Lavraud, B., Vaivads, A., Divin, A. V., Dargent, Jérémy, Aunai, N., Fuselier, S. A., Gershman, D. J., Dorelli, J. C., Giles, B. L., Avanov, L. A., Pollock, C. J., Saito, Y., Moore, T. E., Coffey, V. N., Chandler, Michael O., Lindqvist, P. A., Torbert, R. B., Russell, C. T., European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), European Space Agency (ESA), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Kiruna] (IRF), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Alfven Laboratory, and Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH )
Subjects: Physics::Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Space Physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental plasma process that permits the exchange of energy and mass between colliding plasmas, e.g., between the Solar Wind and the Earth's magnetosphere. Several studies have reported the presence of cold plasma of ionospheric origin at the magnetospheric side of the magnetopause. As a result, the particle distribution functions involved in reconnection are far from equilibrium, exhibiting a cold plasma beam in addition to the typical hot plasmas from the magnetosheath and the magnetosphere. Cold ions possess a much smaller gyroradius and therefore introduce a new length-scale into the system. This situation leads to structures of the size of the cold ion gyroradius and allows for the existence of new instabilities. In addition, the energization of cold plasma by reconnection is governed by different processes than for the hot plasma.
Published: 2016

36. Kinetic simulations of collisionless magnetic reconnection

Author: Aunai, N., Jérémy Dargent, Lavraud, B., Andrea Ciardi, Drouin, M., roch smets, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Space Physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; This paper focuses on magnetic reconnection and its role in magnetospheric physics, where collisions are inexistant. In this context, the presence of a very cold ion population of ionospheric origin is known to have an important contribution to the particle density at the magnetopause. However, besides this mass loading effect, consequences of their extremely low temperature, and therefore of their must smaller gyroscale, have not yet been addressed from a modeling viewpoint. This study presents two fully kinetic simulations with and without cold ions in the magnetosphere and highlights how their small Larmor radius can change signatures expected to be proxy of the X line in spacecraft measurements. In a second part, this paper addresses shortly the problem of the X line orientation in an asymmetric system. Using this time hybrid kinetic simulations, we show the X line aligned with the bisector of upstream magnetic field vectors results in faster reconnection rate. This have consequences regarding where reconnection at the magnetopause, although models here do not include large scale dynamics. We conclude with perspectives regarding future developments to address multi-scale magnetic reconnection dynamics at the magnetopause.
Published: 2016

37. Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission observations and non-force free modeling of a flux transfer event immersed in a super-Alfvénic flow

Author: Farrugia, CJ, Lavraud, B, Torbert, RB, Argall, M, Kacem, I, Yu, W, Alm, L, Burch, J, Russell, CT, Shuster, J, Dorelli, J, Eastwood, JP, Ergun, RE, Fuselier, S, Gershman, D, Giles, BL, Khotyaintsev, YV, Lindqvist, PA, Matsui, H, Marklund, GT, Phan, TD, Paulson, K, Pollock, C, Strangeway, RJ, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: Physics::Space Physics, MD Multidisciplinary, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract: ©2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.We analyze plasma, magnetic field, and electric field data for a flux transfer event (FTE) to highlight improvements in our understanding of these transient reconnection signatures resulting from high-resolution data. The ∼20 s long, reverse FTE, which occurred south of the geomagnetic equator near dusk, was immersed in super-Alfvénic flow. The field line twist is illustrated by the behavior of flows parallel/perpendicular to the magnetic field. Four-spacecraft timing and energetic particle pitch angle anisotropies indicate a flux rope (FR) connected to the Northern Hemisphere and moving southeast. The flow forces evidently overcame the magnetic tension. The high-speed flows inside the FR were different from those outside. The external flows were perpendicular to the field as expected for draping of the external field around the FR. Modeling the FR analytically, we adopt a non-force free approach since the current perpendicular to the field is nonzero. It reproduces many features of the observations.
Published: 2016

38. Magnetospheric Multiscale observations of large-amplitude, parallel, electrostatic waves associated with magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause

Author: Ergun, R. E., Holmes, J. C., Goodrich, K. A., Wilder, F. D., Stawarz, J. E., Eriksson, S., Newman, D. L., Schwartz, S. J., Goldman, M. V., Sturner, A. P., Malaspina, D. M., Usanova, M. E., Torbert, R. B., Argall, M., Lindqvist, P.-A., Khotyaintsev, Y. V., Burch, J. L., Strangeway, R. J., Russell, C. T., Pollock, C. J., Giles, B. L., Dorelli, J. J. C., Avanov, L., Hesse, Michael, Chen, L. J., Lavraud, B., Le Contel, Olivier, Retinò, Alessandro, Phan, T. D., Eastwood, Jonathan P., Oieroset, M., Drake, J. F., Shay, M. A., Cassak, P. A., Nakamura, R., Zhou, M., Ashour-Abdalla, M., André, M., Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Space Physics, MD Multidisciplinary, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: ©2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.We report observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale satellites of large-amplitude, parallel, electrostatic waves associated with magnetic reconnection at the Earths magnetopause. The observed waves have parallel electric fields (E||) with amplitudes on the order of 100 mV/m and display nonlinear characteristics that suggest a possible net E||. These waves are observed within the ion diffusion region and adjacent to (within several electron skin depths) the electron diffusion region. They are in or near the magnetosphere side current layer. Simulation results support that the strong electrostatic linear and nonlinear wave activities appear to be driven by a two stream instability, which is a consequence of mixing cold (
Published: 2016

39. Ion-scale secondary flux-ropes generated by magnetopause reconnection as resolved by MMS

Author: Eastwood, J. P., Phan, T. D., Cassak, P. A., Gershman, D. J., Haggerty, C., Malakit, K., Shay, M. A., Mistry, R., Oieroset, M., Russell, C. T., Slavin, J. A., Argall, M. R., Avanov, L. A., Burch, J. L., Chen, L. J., Dorelli, J. C., Ergun, R. E., Giles, B. L., Khotyaintsev, Yuri, Lavraud, B., Lindqvist, P. A., Moore, T. E., Nakamura, R., Paterson, W., Pollock, C., Strangeway, R. J., Torbert, R. B., Wang, S., Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Science and Technology Facilities Council [2006-2012], Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: TRANSFER EVENTS, flux rope, Solar Wind/Magnetosphere Interactions, Magnetopause and Boundary Layers, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, magnetospheric multiscale, MAGNETIC RECONNECTION, Research Letter, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Magnetospheric Physics, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, ISLANDS, Solar Physics, Astrophysics, and Astronomy, Science & Technology, magnetopause, Magnetospheric Configuration and Dynamics, Geology, First results from NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Mission, Research Letters, secondary island, Transport Processes, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], magnetic reconnection, Physics::Space Physics, Physical Sciences, Space Plasma Physics, Space Sciences
Abstract: New Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations of small‐scale (~7 ion inertial length radius) flux transfer events (FTEs) at the dayside magnetopause are reported. The 10 km MMS tetrahedron size enables their structure and properties to be calculated using a variety of multispacecraft techniques, allowing them to be identified as flux ropes, whose flux content is small (~22 kWb). The current density, calculated using plasma and magnetic field measurements independently, is found to be filamentary. Intercomparison of the plasma moments with electric and magnetic field measurements reveals structured non‐frozen‐in ion behavior. The data are further compared with a particle‐in‐cell simulation. It is concluded that these small‐scale flux ropes, which are not seen to be growing, represent a distinct class of FTE which is generated on the magnetopause by secondary reconnection., Key Points Ion‐scale flux ropes are observed during magnetopause reconnectionThe largely force‐free flux ropes exhibit filamentary currents and nonideal ion behaviorSmall flux content and comparison with simulation indicate a secondary reconnection origin
Published: 2016

40. Electron jet of asymmetric reconnection

Author: Khotyaintsev, Y. V., Graham, D. B., Norgren, C., Eriksson, E., Li, W., Johlander, A., Vaivads, A., André, M., Pritchett, P. L., Retinò, Alessandro, Phan, T. D., Ergun, R. E., Goodrich, K. A., Lindqvist, P.-A., Marklund, G. T., Le Contel, Olivier, Plaschke, F., Magnes, W., Strangeway, R. J., Russell, C. T., Vaith, H., Argall, M. R., Kletzing, C. A., Nakamura, R., Torbert, R. B., Paterson, W. R., Gershman, D. J., Dorelli, J. C., Avanov, L. A., Lavraud, B., Saito, Y., Giles, B. L., Pollock, C. J., Turner, D. L., Blake, J. D., Fennell, J. F., Jaynes, A., Mauk, B. H., Burch, J. L., Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Space Physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: 著者人数: 39名, Accepted: 2016-05-03, 資料番号: SA1160372000
Published: 2016

41. Thick escaping magnetospheric ion layer in magnetopause reconnection with MMS observations

Author: Nagai, T., Kitamura, N., Hasegawa, H., Shinohara, I., Yokota, S., Saito, Y., Nakamura, R., Giles, B. L., Pollock, C., Moore, T. E., Dorelli, J. C., Gershman, D. J., Paterson, W. R., Avanov, L. A., Chandler, M. O., Coffey, V., Sauvaud, J. A., Lavraud, B., Russell, C. T., Strangeway, R. J., Oka, M., Genestreti, K. J., Burch, J. L., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics::Plasma Physics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], magnetic reconnection, Physics::Space Physics, magnetopause
Abstract: International audience; The structure of asymmetric magnetopause reconnection is explored with multiple point and high-time-resolution ion velocity distribution observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. On 9 September 2015, reconnection took place at the magnetopause, which separated the magnetosheath and the magnetosphere with a density ratio of 25:2. The magnetic field intensity was rather constant, even higher in the asymptotic magnetosheath. The reconnected field line region had a width of approximately 540 km. In this region, streaming and gyrating ions are discriminated. The large extension of the reconnected field line region toward the magnetosheath can be identified where a thick layer of escaping magnetospheric ions was formed. The scale of the magnetosheath side of the reconnected field line region relative to the scale of its magnetospheric side was 4.5:1.
Published: 2016

42. MMS observations of large guide field symmetric reconnection between colliding reconnection jets at the center of a magnetic flux rope at the magnetopause

Author: Oieroset, M., Phan, T. D., Haggerty, C., Shay, M. A., Eastwood, J. P., Gershman, D. J., Drake, J. F., Ergun, R. E., Mozer, F. S., Torbert, R. B., Burch, J. L., Wang, S., Chen, L. J., Swisdak, M., Pollock, C., Dorelli, J. C., Fuselier, S. A., Lavraud, B., Giles, B. L., Moore, T. E., Avanov, L. A., Paterson, W., Strangeway, R. J., Russell, C. T., Khotyaintsev, Y., Lindqvist, P. A., Malakit, K., Fujimoto, Masaki, Oka, Mitsuo, Saito, Yoshifumi, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Field (physics), particle acceleration, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, flux rope, Current sheet, magnetospheric multiscale, Physics::Plasma Physics, MD Multidisciplinary, 0103 physical sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Boundary value problem, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, magnetopause, Magnetic reconnection, Magnetic flux, Particle acceleration, Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], magnetic reconnection, Physics::Space Physics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Magnetopause, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Rope
Abstract: 著者人数: 30名, Accepted: 2016-05-09, 資料番号: SA1160276000
Published: 2016

43. Rippled quasiperpendicularshock observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft

Author: Johlander, Andreas, Schwartz, S .J., Vaivads, Andris, Khotyaintsev, Yuri V., Gingell, I., Peng, I. B., Markidis, S., Lindqvist, P-A., Ergun, R. E., Marklund, G. T., Plaschke, F., Magnes, W., Strangeway, R. J., Russell, C.T., Wei, H., Torbert, R. B., Paterson, W. R., Gershman, D. J., Dorelli, J. C., Avanov, L. A., Lavraud, B., Saito, Y., Giles, B. L., Pollock, C. J., and Burch, J. L.
Subjects: Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Space Physics, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics
Abstract: Collisionless shock non-stationarity arising from micro-scale physics influences shock structure and particle acceleration mechanisms. Non-stationarity has been difficult to quantify due to the small spatial and temporal scales. We use the closely-spaced (sub-gyroscale), high time-resolution measurements from one rapid crossing of Earth's quasi-perpendicular bow shock by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft to compare competing non-stationarity processes. Using MMS's high cadence kinetic plasma measurements, we show that the shock exhibits non-stationarity in the form of ripples.
Published: 2016

44. Shift of the magnetopause reconnection line to the winter hemisphere under southward IMF conditions: Geotail and MMS observations

Author: Kitamura, N., Hasegawa, H., Saito, Y., Shinohara, I., Yokota, S., Nagai, T., Pollock, C. J., Giles, B. L., Moore, T. E., Dorelli, J. C., Gershman, D. J., Avanov, L. A., Paterson, W. R., Coffey, V. N., Chandler, M. O., Sauvaud, J. A., Lavraud, B., Torbert, R. B., Russell, C. T., Strangeway, R. J., Burch, J. L., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], magnetic reconnection, dipole tilt, Physics::Space Physics, magnetopause, Geotail spacecraft, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, MMS mission
Abstract: International audience; At 02:13 UT on 18 November 2015 when the geomagnetic dipole was tilted by -27°, the MMS spacecraft observed southward reconnection jets near the subsolar magnetopause under southward and dawnward interplanetary magnetic field conditions. Based on four-spacecraft estimations of the magnetic field direction near the separatrix and the motion and direction of the current sheet, the location of the reconnection line was estimated to be ~1.8 RE or further northward of MMS. The Geotail spacecraft at GSM Z~1.4 RE also observed southward reconnection jets at the dawnside magnetopause 30-40 min later. The estimated reconnection line location was northward of GSM Z~2 RE. This crossing occurred when MMS observed purely southward magnetic fields in the magnetosheath. The simultaneous observations are thus consistent with the hypothesis that the dayside magnetopause reconnection line shifts from the subsolar point toward the northern (winter) hemisphere due to the effect of geomagnetic dipole tilt.
Published: 2016

45. Finite gyroradius effects in the electron outflow of asymmetric magnetic reconnection

Author: Norgren, C., Graham, D. B., Khotyaintsev, Yu. V., André, M., Vaivads, A., Chen, L. -J., Lindqvist, P. -A., Marklund, G. T., Ergun, R. E., Magnes, W., Strangeway, R. J., Russell, C. T., Torbert, R. B., Paterson, W. R., Gershman, D. J., Dorelli, J. C., Avanov, L. A., Lavraud, B., Saito, Y., Giles, B. L., Pollock, C. J., Burch, J. L., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], magnetic reconnection, Physics::Space Physics, electron diffusion region, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, finite gyroradius effects, electron demagnetization
Abstract: International audience; We present observations of asymmetric magnetic reconnection showing evidence of electron demagnetization in the electron outflow. The observations were made at the magnetopause by the four Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft, separated by ∼15 km. The reconnecting current sheet has negligible guide field, and all four spacecraft likely pass close to the electron diffusion region just south of the X line. In the electron outflow near the X line, all four spacecraft observe highly structured electron distributions in a region comparable to a few electron gyroradii. The distributions consist of a core with T∥>T⊥ and a nongyrotropic crescent perpendicular to the magnetic field. The crescents are associated with finite gyroradius effects of partly demagnetized electrons. These observations clearly demonstrate the manifestation of finite gyroradius effects in an electron-scale reconnection current sheet.
Published: 2016

46. Magnetic reconnection and modification of the Hall physics due to cold ions at the magnetopause

Author: André, M., Li, W., Toledo-Redondo, S., Khotyaintsev, Yu. V., Vaivads, A., Graham, D. B., Norgren, C., Burch, J., Lindqvist, P. -A., Marklund, G., Ergun, R., Torbert, R., Magnes, W., Russell, C. T., Giles, B., Moore, T. E., Chandler, M. O., Pollock, C., Young, D. T., Avanov, L. A., Dorelli, J. C., Gershman, D. J., Paterson, W. R., Lavraud, B., Saito, Y., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics::Plasma Physics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], magnetic reconnection, Physics::Space Physics, magnetopause, Hall current, electric fields
Abstract: International audience; Observations by the four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft are used to investigate the Hall physics of a magnetopause magnetic reconnection separatrix layer. Inside this layer of currents and strong normal electric fields, cold (eV) ions of ionospheric origin can remain frozen-in together with the electrons. The cold ions reduce the Hall current. Using a generalized Ohm's law, the electric field is balanced by the sum of the terms corresponding to the Hall current, the v × B drifting cold ions, and the divergence of the electron pressure tensor. A mixture of hot and cold ions is common at the subsolar magnetopause. A mixture of length scales caused by a mixture of ion temperatures has significant effects on the Hall physics of magnetic reconnection.
Published: 2016

47. Electron scale structures and magnetic reconnection signatures in the turbulent magnetosheath

Author: Yordanova, E., Vörös, Z., Varsani, A., Graham, D. B., Norgren, C., Khotyaintsev, Y. V., Vaivads, A., Eriksson, E., Nakamura, R., Lindqvist, P.-A., Marklund, G., Ergun, R. E., Magnes, W., Baumjohann, W., Fischer, D., Plaschke, F., Narita, Y., Russell, C. T., Strangeway, R. J., Le Contel, Olivier, Pollock, C., Torbert, R. B., Giles, B. J., Burch, J. L., Avanov, L. A., Dorelli, J. C., Gershman, D. J., Paterson, W. R., Lavraud, B., Saito, Y., Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics - Space Physics, Physics::Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Space Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
Abstract: International audience; Collisionless space plasma turbulence can generate reconnecting thin current sheets as suggested by recent results of numerical magnetohydrodynamic simulations. The Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission provides the first serious opportunity to verify whether small ion-electron-scale reconnection, generated by turbulence, resembles the reconnection events frequently observed in the magnetotail or at the magnetopause. Here we investigate field and particle observations obtained by the MMS fleet in the turbulent terrestrial magnetosheath behind quasi-parallel bow shock geometry. We observe multiple small-scale current sheets during the event and present a detailed look of one of the detected structures. The emergence of thin current sheets can lead to electron scale structures. Within these structures, we see signatures of ion demagnetization, electron jets, electron heating, and agyrotropy suggesting that MMS spacecraft observe reconnection at these scales.
Published: 2016

48. MMS observations of electron-scale filamentary currents in the reconnection exhaust and near the X line

Author: Phan, T. D., Eastwood, J. P., Cassak, P. A., Oieroset, M., Gosling, J. T., Gershman, D. J., Mozer, F. S., Shay, M. A., Daughton, W., Drake, J. F., Burch, J. L., Torbert, R. B., Ergun, R. E., Chen, L. J., Wang, S., Pollock, C., Dorelli, J. C., Lavraud, B., Giles, B. L., Moore, T. E., Avanov, L. A., Paterson, W., Strangeway, R. J., Russell, C. T., Khotyaintsev, Y., Lindqvist, P. A., Wilder, F. D., Fujimoto, Masaki, Saito, Yoshifumi, Oka, Mitsuo, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Plasma Physics, Hall effect, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, MD Multidisciplinary, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Line (formation), Physics, magnetopause, Magnetic reconnection, Plasma, current, Computational physics, Magnetic field, Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], magnetic reconnection, Physics::Space Physics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Magnetopause, Atomic physics
Abstract: 著者人数: 30名, Accepted: 2016-06-03, 資料番号: SA1160277000
Published: 2016

49. Signatures of complex magnetic topologies from multiple reconnection sites induced by Kelvin-Helmholtz instability

Author: Vernisse, Y., Lavraud, B., Eriksson, S., Gershman, D. J., Dorelli, J., Pollock, C., Giles, B., Aunai, N., Avanov, L., Burch, J., Chandler, M., Coffey, V., Dargent, J., Ergun, R. E., Farrugia, C. J., Genot, V., Graham, D. B., Jacquey, C., Kacem, I., Khotyaintsev, Y., Li, W., Magnes, W., Marchaudon, A., Moore, T., Paterson, W., Penou, E., Phan, T. D., Retino, A., Russell, C. T., Sauvaud, J.-A., Torbert, R., Wilder, F. D., Hasegawa, Hiroshi, Saito, Yoshifumi, Yokota, Shoichiro, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Field line, Geophysics, Plasma, 01 natural sciences, Instability, Magnetic field, Boundary layer, Magnetosheath, Space and Planetary Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Space Physics, Magnetopause, Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: 著者人数: 35名, Accepted: 2016-10-08, 資料番号: SA1160181000
Published: 2016

50. Asymmetric kinetic equilibria: demonstration of the independence of magnetic reconnection signatures to the initial current sheet structure

Author: Dargent, Jérémy, Aunai, N., Belmont, Gérard, Dorville, Nicolas, Lavraud, B., Hesse, Michael, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Space Physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Current sheets are ubiquitous in space plasmas and yet hard to describe with a kinetic equilibrium. The BAS model is a semi-analytical model which provides a steady distribution function for asymmetric current sheet ions. In this paper, we prove that an ion kinetic equilibria produced by this model remain steady in a fully kinetic Particle-In-Cell simulation even if the electron distribution function is not an equilibrium. We then apply this equilibrium to look at the dependence of magnetic reconnection simulations upon their initial condition. We demonstrate that regardless of macroscopic or microscopic differences between initial current sheets, signatures of magnetic reconnection only depends on the upstream plasma. This demonstration is the first to confirm this widely use assumption and comforts the relevance of comparisons between simulations and observations in the electron decoupling region, such as in the context of the upcoming Magnetospheric Multiscale mission.
Published: 2015

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