Search

In this paper, we introduce the reduced matrix in kq representation and provide the reduced matrix elements of a projection operator on the rational noncommutative orbifold T2/Z4. we give the closed form for the projector by Jacobi elliptical functions. Since projectors correspond to soliton solutions of the field theory on the noncommutative orbifold, we thus present a corresponding soliton solution.

The second reference state of the open XYZ spin chain with non-diagonal boundary terms is studied. The associated Bethe states exactly yield the second set of eigenvalues proposed recently by functional Bethe Ansatz.

Hardware Trojan embedded by adversaries has emerged as a serious security threat. Until now, there is no a universal method for effective and accurate detection. Since traditional analysis approaches sometime seem helpless when the Trojan area is extremely tiny, this paper will focus on the novel detection method based on frequency spectrum analysis. Meanwhile, a failure physics model is presented and depicted in detail. A digital CORDIC IP core is adopted as a golden circuit, while a counter is utilized as a Trojan circuit. The automatic test platform is set up with Xilinx FPGA, LabVIEW software, and high precision oscilloscope. The power trace of the core power supply in FPGA is monitored and saved for frequency spectrum analysis. Experimental results in time domain and frequency domain both accord with those of theoretical analysis, which verifies that the proposed failure physics model is accurate. In addition, due to immunity to vast measurement noise, the novel method processing in frequency domain is superior to the traditional method conducting in time domain. It can easily achieve about 0.1% Trojan detection sensitivity, which indicates that the novel detection method is effective.

From the ? symmetric action of IIB string in AdS2?S2 background given by Zhou, we derive the equations of motion. By using the twisted dual transformation which was introduced by Hou, we construct the flat currents, conserving non-local charge with one free parameter, for the superstring in AdS2?S2.

We study the quantum standard teleportation based on the generic measurement bases. It is shown that the quantum standard teleportation does not depend on the explicit expression of the measurement bases. We have given the correspondence relation between the measurement performed by Alice and the unitary transformation performed by Bob. We also prove that the single particle unknown states and the two-particle unknown cat-like states can be exactly transmitted by means of the generic measurement bases and the correspondence unitary transformations.

In this paper, we recast the matter part of the open superstring star in the present of a constant B field. By using a different coordinate representation the matter part of the open superstring star is identified with the continuous Moyal product of functions of anti-commuting variables. Fortunately we find it does not depend on the value of the B field.

In this paper we generalize the standard teleportation to the conclusive teleportation case which can teleport an arbitrary d-dimensional N-particle unknown state via the partially entangled quantum channel. We show that only if the quantum channel satisfies a constraint condition can the most general d-dimensional N-particle unknown state be perfect conclusively teleported. We also present a method for optimal conclusively teleportation of the N-particle states and for constructing the joint POVM which can discern the quantum states on the sender's (Alice's) side. Two typical examples are given so that one can see how our method works.

The effective action of chiral QCD2 was studied in two-dimensional non-commutative space-time by using path integral approach. It is shown that vector boson has a mass generation and the effective Lagrangian contains a term corresponding to a Wess–Zumino–Witten-like term.

In this paper, we detail the theoretical ideas which are used to explain the mechanism of the laser controlling the geometric quantum gates introduced in the work by Ekert et al. (Ekert A, Ericsson M, Hayden P, Inanori H, Jones J A, Oi D K L and Vedral V 2000 J. Mod. Opt. 47 2501). We have introduced a two-level Hamiltonian system and directed to solve this system and then obtained the probability distribution of this two-level system. We also show the relationships between the external laser fields and the transition of the qubit in the two-qubit controlled-phase gate and how the transition of the qubit depends on the external laser fields and the states of the controlled qubit.

We propose a rational quantum deformed nonlocal currents in the homogenous space $SU(2)_k/U(1)$, and in terms of it and a free boson field a representation for the Drinfeld currents of Yangian double at a general level $k=c$ is obtained. In the classical limit $\hbar \to 0$, the quantum nonlocal currents become $SU(2)_k$ parafermion, and the realization of Yangian double becomes the parafermion realization of $SU(2)_k$ current algebra., Latex, 9 pages

Following the construction of the projection operators on $T^2$ presented by Gopakumar, Headrick and Spradlin, we construct a set of projection operators on the integral noncommutative orbifold $T^2/G (G=Z_N, N=2, 3, 4, 6)$ which correspond to a set of solitons on $T^2/Z_N$ in noncommutative field theory. In this way, we derive an explicit form of projector on $T^2/Z_6$ as an example. We also construct a complete set of projectors on $T^2/Z_N$ by series expansions for integral case.

In this paper, we obtain the eigenstates and the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonians of the trigonometric SU(N) Gaudin model based on the quasi-classical limit of the trigonometric SU(N) chain with the periodic boundary condition. By using the quantum inverse scattering method, we also obtain the eigenvalues of the generating function of the trigonometric SU(N) Gaudin model.

The Hamiltonians of the SU(3) Gaudin model are constructed based on the nonrelativistic limit of the SU(3) chain. After the quantum determinant being well defined, the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the Hamiltonians of the SU(3) Gaudin model are given. These results can be generalized to any number of constituting spins (SU(N)).

We derive a free boson representation of the Yangian double DY(slN) with arbitrary level k by the observation that there is a correspondence between the q-affine algebra and Yangian double associated with the same Cartan matrix. Vertex operator and screening currents cannot be obtained in the same way. From this point of view, the Yangian double with centre cannot be regarded as the degenerated case of the quantum affine algebra.

In this paper, we propose a supersymmetric SU(1|2) Gaudin model and have derived its eigenvalues. We also present the well-defined eigenstates through the quasi-classical limit of the eigenstates in the supersymmetric t-J model.

By using algebraic Bethe ansatz method, we give the Hamitonian of the spin-1 XXX chain associated with $sl_2$ with two boundary impurities., 8 pages, latex, no figures, to be appeared in Commun. Theor. Phys

By using the fusion method, we give the spin-1 XXX chain associated with sl2 with two arbitrary spin boundary impurities. Then the exact diagonalized Hamiltonian of this model was obtained by the means of Bethe ansatz method.

As the Yangian double with center, which is deformed from affine algebra by the additive loop parameter ħ, we get the commutation relation and the bosonization of quantum ħ-deformed Virasoro algebra. The corresponding Miura transformation, the associated screening operators and the BRST charge have been studied. Moreover, we also construct the bosonization for type I and type II intertwiner vertex operators. Finally, we show that the commutation relations of these vertex operators in the case of and actually give the exact scattering matrix of the restricted sine-Gordon model.

After introducing briefly the basic concept of statistical interaction, we illustrate it on integrable XXZ chain corresponding Potts case by the Bethe ansatz and point out that the nontrivial part of this statistical interaction comes from the rates of change of phase shifts with respect to momentum.

Boundary operators and boundary ground states in sine-Gordon model with a fixed boundary condition are studied using bosonization and q-deformed oscillators. We also study the boundary bound state for this case.

A free field representation for the left-right asymmetric conformal Toda theory based on simply-laced even-rank Lie algebras is given. It is shown that the classical chiral exchange algebra for such theories can be reconstructed from free chiral bosons via Drinfeld-Sokolov linear systems, and is a bit more complicated than that of the standard Toda due to some additional -function terms and extra degrees of freedom.

By compactifying the four-dimensional Euclidean space into S2 × S2 manifold and introducing two topological relevant Wess–Zumino terms to Hn ≡ SL(n,c)/SU(n) nonlinear sigma model, we construct a Lagrangian form for SU(n) self-dual Yang–Mills field, from which the self-dual equations follow as the Euler–Lagrange equations.

We propose the eigenstates and eigenvalues of Hamiltonians of the rational SU(N) Gaudin model based on the quasi-classical limit of the SU(N) chain under the periodic boundary condition. Using the quantum inverse scattering method, we also obtain the eigenvalues of the generation function of the rational SU(N) Gaudin model.

The Perk-Schultz model with SUq(m|n) spin boundary impurities is constructed by dressing the c-number reflecting K-matrix with the local L-matrix which acts non-trivially on an impurity Hilbert space. The eigenvalue of the transfer matrix and the corresponding Bethe ansatz equations with different c-number reflecting K-matrices are obtained by using the nested Bethe ansatz method (m≠n). When m = 1,n = 2, our results come back to that of supersymmetric t-J model with SUq(1|2) spin boundary impurities.

In this paper, we showed that the eigenvalues of two-dimensional angular momentum of a particle with charge e are integer valued. The problems of a Dirac particle in a field of vortex were discussed. When the vortex tends-to string, we found that the system admits of the existence of θ vacua. For massless fermions, a change in θ is equivalent to a Γs rotation, while the physical result is independent of θ. For massive fermions, CP invariance is broken except for θ=0, π; and the system exhibits the Witten effect.

This note shows that the nontrivial third order cohomology cycle for gauge group implies the existence of anomalous associative law and consequently anomaly for Jacobi identity.

We give maps onto a SO(3) subgroup manifold of the SU(3) group manifold, which is reducible to a CP(1) and a CP(2) chiral field. The map on CP(1) is holomorphic, while that on CP(2) may be either holomorphic or not. We also discuss the related gauge field and cohomology properties.

We discuss the XXZ spin chain with certain boundary term and the representation of quantum group SUq(2). It is shown that Bethe Ansatz states are highest weight states of SUq(2), with q arbitrary We construct the irreducible representation of the quantum group. For q a rational root of unity, we show that there are new solutions to the BA equations, We derived the state vectors | b′> by taking certain limit, from which we construct the type I and type Ⅱ representations of SUq(2).

In this paper we show the scattering problem's equation of principal chiral model with Wess-Zumino-Witten term. Two sets of symmetry transforms are given and four series of conserved currents are obtained, in which two of them are Noether types and the others are not. Finally the Kac-Moody algebra is discussed.

In this paper, a 3-cocycle is realized in a hybrid chiral bag model as quantities at the boundary of the bag. The equivalence between charges of gauged boson currents in Skyrme model and full gauge transformation generators is established both in dimensions and dimensions.

Following the work of Wilczek and Zee, we analysed the various representatives of the elements in CP (1) chiral model and obtained the gauge potential Aμ naturally and geometrically. Furthermore, by using the Hopf bundle and its decomposition, the meaning and the origin of the Hopf integral can be obtained obviously and geometrically. Finally, some concrete results of the integral are also calculated.

In this paper we first present the gauge invariant conserved Noether current for the Yang-Mills theory, which is nonlocal is some sense. Then we introduce for the two dimensional chiral model, plain and supersymmetric, the nonlocal one-complex parameter-dependent symmetric generators, which shift the Lagrangian density by a total divergence. Both the equations of motion and the energy momentum density are invariant. The associated Noether current may be expanded analytically series of nonlocal currents.

The algebraic regularity of monopole eigenfunctions in various dynamical O (2,1) bases shows the symmetry in radial phase space. The multipole tensors serve as ladder operators between different O (2,1)⊗ O (3) quasi-bound states.

The gauge inrariant expressions and relations of various physical quantities in the non-Abelian SU (2) gauge field, such as electric charge, dual charge (magnetic charge), electromagnetic field and massive vector field, are studied, The relation between magnetic charge and the large scale topological property of the isotopic directions of the charge operator is shown.

This paper studies explicitly the Abelian spontaneously broken gauge model for scalar and gauge bosons by using perturbation expansions . It is discovered that in various renormalizable gauges (R gauge) the gauge dependent part contributed by unphysical components of inner lines in the sum of all Feynman diagrams of the same order coexists only with the outer mass shell components of outer lines. On the mass shell only the contribution by physical components is left, just as in the unitary gauge (U gauge). Thus, the identitical nature of the R gauge and U gauge on the mass shell has been shown explicitly, hence may be seen the unitarity of the R gauge. It is also shown why residue divergences appear in the U gauge, and why these residue divergences will necessarily cancal each other out, thus revealing the crypto-renormali-zability of the U gauge.