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774 results on '"Strangeness production"'

1. A Monte Carlo Study of Hyperon Production with the MPD and BM@N Experiments at NICA.

Author

Zinchenko, Alexander, Kapishin, Mikhail, Kireyeu, Viktar, Kolesnikov, Vadim, Mudrokh, Alexander, Suvarieva, Dilyana, Vasendina, Veronika, and Zinchenko, Dmitry

Subjects
BARYONS, PHYSICS, DENSITY
Abstract

Study of the strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions is one of the most important parts of the physics program of the BM@N and MPD experiments at the NICA accelerator complex. With collision energies s N N of 2.3–3.3 GeV in the fixed target mode at BM@N and 4–11 GeV in the collider mode at MPD, the experiments will cover the region of the maximum net baryon density and provide high-statistics complementary data on different physics probes. In this paper, some results of Monte Carlo studies of hyperon production with the BM@N and MPD experiments are presented, demonstrating their performance for investigation of the objects with strangeness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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2. Short-Lived Resonances as Probes of the Medium Produced in Heavy-Ion Collisions

Author

Victor Riabov

Subjects
Physics, short-lived hadronic resonances, hadronic phase, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Phase (waves), Resonance, Strangeness production, heavy-ion collisions, Strangeness, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, strangeness, Reaction dynamics, 0103 physical sciences, Computer Science::Programming Languages, lcsh:QC770-798, Heavy ion, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Event (particle physics)
Abstract

Hadronic resonances play an important role in the study of the physics of heavy-ion collisions. In these proceedings, we discuss how the resonances can probe the reaction dynamics, the strangeness production and the properties of the hadronic phase in heavy-ion collisions at center-of-mass energies of sNN = 4–11 GeV. The resonance properties predicted by the general-purpose event generators are found to be very sensitive to the properties and space-time evolution of the medium produced in heavy-ion collisions.

Published
2021

3. QCD phase transition studied by means of hadron production

Author

Michal Petran and Johann Rafelski

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Strangeness production, Strangeness, Hadronization, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Quark–gluon plasma, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

This is a brief review of our work describing the hadronization process of a QGP fireball formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We introduce the SHARE method of analysis of hadron multiplicities. Using this tool we describe in consistent continuos manner the yield of all hadrons produced in the available range of reaction energies and centralities. The properties of the fireball final state can be understood by considering all primary hadronic particles. The dense hadron fireball created at SPS, RHIC, and LHC shows that the final state is differentiated solely by: i) volume changes; and ii) flavor (strangeness, charm) content. Conversely, emerging particles add up to create universal hadronization pressure $P = 80 \pm 3$ MeV/fm$^3$ for all considered collision systems. The relative strangeness to entropy content of a large fireball is found to be that of quark-gluon plasma degrees of freedom near the chemical QGP equilibrium. This 'Universal Hadronization' condition common to SPS, RHIC, and LHC agrees with the proposed reaction picture of a direct QGP fireball evaporation into free-streaming hadrons., 11 pages, many figures; Presented in Wroclaw at the February 2014 MB32-Symposium honoring Ludwik Turko

Published
2022

4. MPD Prospects for the Study of Strangeness Production at NICA Energies

Author

A. Mudrokh and V. Kolesnikov

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Pion, Nuclear Theory, Detector, Strangeness production, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The study of strangeness production is among the main tasks in the physics program of the MPD experiment at the NICA accelerator complex. In this paper, the results of the detector performance study for the measurements of the energy dependence of the yields of charged kaons and pions as well as the strangeness-to-entropy ratio are reported.

Published
2021
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5. Study of Production Features, Modeling and Optimization of Algorithms for Reconstruction of Short-Lived Hadron Resonances in the MPD Experimental Setup at the NICA Collider

Author

Yu. Ryabov, D. Kotov, M. Malaev, D. A. Ivanishchev, and V. G. Riabov

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, law, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Phase (waves), Strangeness production, Sensitivity (control systems), Nuclear Experiment, Collider, Hadronization, law.invention
Abstract

We review the predicted properties of short-lived resonances produced in heavy-ion collisions at NICA energies and discuss their sensitivity to strangeness production, the hadronization mechanisms, rescattering and regeneration effects in the hadronic phase of nucleus-nucleus collisions. Results of feasibility studies for the reconstruction of resonances in the MPD experimental setup are also presented and discussed.

Published
2021
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6. Evaluation of Prospects for Hypernuclei Studies with MPD at NICA

Author

I. Rufanov, A. Mudrokh, A.I. Zinchenko, V. Vasendina, V. Kolesnikov, and J. Drnoyan

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Nuclear Theory, Monte Carlo method, Detector, Computer Science::Programming Languages, Strangeness production, Nuclear Experiment, Computer Science::Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract

One of the main tasks of the NICA/MPD physics program is the study of strangeness production in nuclear collisions. In this paper, results of the Monte Carlo investigation of the MPD detector performance for reconstruction of light hypernuclei in central Au + Au collisions are presented.

Published
2021
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7. Performance of the MPD Detector in the Study of the Strangeness to Entropy Ratio in Heavy-Ion Collisions at the NICA Accelerator Complex

Author

A.I. Zinchenko, A. Mudrokh, V. Kolesnikov, V. Kireyeu, and V. Vasendina

Subjects
Physics, Excitation function, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radiation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Strangeness production, Strangeness, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, Baryon, 0103 physical sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Heavy ion, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

Strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions is one of the main goals of the scientific program at the NICA accelerator complex. The MPD detector is designed to study the properties of strongly interacting matter at extreme baryon densities. In this article, the MPD performance to measure the excitation function of the strangeness to entropy ratio in central Au + Au collisions is reported. The investigation has been performed at the Laboratory of High Energy Physics, JINR.

Published
2020
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8. Prospects for the Study of Event-by-Event Fluctuations and Strangeness Production with the MPD Detector at NICA

Author

V. Vasendina, A. Mudrokh, V. Kireyeu, and V. Kolesnikov

Subjects
Excitation function, Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Strangeness production, Multiplicity (mathematics), Deconfinement, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Pion, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Collider, Event (particle physics)
Abstract

The future heavy-ion NICA collider (JINR, Dubna) will provide a variety of beam types with the range of collision energies from 4 to 11A GeV. New experimental data on event-by-event fluctuations and strangeness production allow addressing important QCD properties such as nature of deconfinement phase transition and the existence of the Critical End Point (CEP). Heavy-ion collisions at NICA will be measured with the multi-purpose detector—MPD, which provides precise reconstruction of multiple physics channels. NICA physics goals and the MPD concept are described with the emphasis on the detector performance in the study of the excitation function for high order moments of net-proton event-by-event multiplicity distributions. The results of a feasibility study for measuring at NICA spectra and yields of kaons and pions, and the strangeness-to-entropy ratio are presented as well.

Published
2020
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9. Femtoscopic Probes with Strange Particles in STAR

Author

Grigory Nigmatkulov

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Strangeness production, Star (graph theory), Collision, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Particle emission, 0103 physical sciences, Transverse mass, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Beam energy, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Heavy-ion collisions provide information about the properties of the matter under extreme conditions. Measurement of strangeness production properties provides important information about the collision region evolution. The spatial and temporal characteristics of particle emission can be extracted using femtoscopy technique. The collision energy, centrality, and transverse mass dependence of the three-dimensional charged kaon femtoscopic radii for Au + Au collisions in the Beam Energy Scan program is presented.

Published
2020
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10. Prospects for Studying Hyperons and Hypernuclei on the NICA Collider

Author

V. Kolesnikov, A.I. Zinchenko, and V. Vasendina

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Hyperon, General Physics and Astronomy, Strangeness production, Nuclear matter, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment, Collider
Abstract

NICA is a new flagship project in Dubna aimed at constructing a new accelerator complex for heavy ions. The main goal of the project is experimental exploration of the still poorly known region of the nuclear matter phase diagram of the highest net-baryon density. The MPD detector is a multi-purpose large acceptance spectrometer for studying heavy-ion collisions. An overview is presented of the NICA physics program for studying strangeness production and present MPD performance for reconstructing hyperons and hypernuclei.

Published
2020
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11. Perspectives of Multistrange Hyperon Study at NICA/MPD from Realistic Monte Carlo Simulation

Author

J. Drnoyan, Dmitry Zinchenko, V. Vasendina, A.I. Zinchenko, and E. Levterova

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radiation, Mathematics::Operator Algebras, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Detector, Monte Carlo method, Hyperon, Strangeness production, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, Simulated data, 0103 physical sciences, Computer Science::Programming Languages, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Computer Science::Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract

One of the main tasks of the NICA/MPD physics program is a study of strangeness production in nuclear collisions. In this paper the MPD detector performance for measurements of multistrange hyperons in Au + Au collisions at NICA energies is presented based on the analysis of realistically simulated data samples. Perspectives of the studies on the strangeness production at the experiment start-up are evaluated.

Published
2020
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13. Open and hidden strangeness production study via high pT dihadron correlations in pp and p-Pb collisions with ALICE at the LHC

Author

Lucia Anna Husova

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Meson, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Strangeness production, Multiplicity (mathematics), Strangeness, Correlation function, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Event (particle physics), Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Two-particle correlations in ∆η and ∆φ are used to study jets, in particular, their particle com- position. While in Pb-Pb collisions this is done to characterize the quark-gluon Plasma, pp and p-Pb collisions serve as a reference and are of interest on their own for their input into the under- standing of particle production mechanisms. Recent ALICE results on the production of strange particles in small systems (pp and p-Pb collisions) reveal the possibility of having similar strange hadron production mechanisms in all collision systems. We study the production mechanism of hidden strangeness ($\phi$ meson) and open strangeness ( $K_S^0$ meson) in jets via two-particle correlations between the strange hadrons and charged primary hadrons in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV and p-Pb at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV collected with the ALICE experiment at the LHC. In this paper, the dependence of the per-trigger yields of strange hadrons on the transverse mo- menta of the trigger and associated particles, as well as on the event multiplicity, is presented on both the near-side and away-side of the h-$K_S^0$, $K_S^0$-h and h-$\phi$ correlation functions. Moreover, the ratios of these yields to the yields extracted from the h-h correlation function are shown. In addition, a comparison to different MC generators is presented.

Published
2021
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14. Strangeness production in high-multiplicity events

Author

Ivan Schmidt and Marat Siddikov

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Meson, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Strangeness production, Multiplicity (mathematics), Function (mathematics), Strangeness, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Dipole, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Production (computer science), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

In this paper we analyze in detail the production of strangeness in proton-proton collisions in the kinematics of large transverse momenta $p_{T}$ of produced hadrons. Using the color dipole framework, we estimated the production cross-sections for kaons, and demonstrated that the shapes of the $p_{T}$-dependence are in agreement with available experimental data. We also analyzed the self-normalized yields of strange hadrons as a function of multiplicity of co-produced hadrons, and found that the predictions are in agreement with the faster-than-linear growth seen in experimental data. Our description is largely parameter-free and complements our previous studies dedicated to the explanation of multiplicity enhancement of quarkonia, as well as $D$- and $B$-mesons., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures. This paper is a sequel to our earlier publications arXiv:1910.13579, arXiv:2003.13768, arXiv:2008.12446 and arXiv:2012.08284 dedicated to multiplicity dependence of high energy production cross-sections

Published
2021
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15. Double-strangeness production in Λp→K+X reaction

Author

Jung Keun Ahn and Seung Il Nam

Subjects
Momentum, Physics, Particle physics, Effective lagrangian, Strangeness production, Order (ring theory), Production (computer science), Nuclear Experiment, Lambda, Nuclear theory
Abstract

We investigate $S=-2$ production from the $\Lambda p\to K^+X$ reactions within the effective Lagrangian approach. The $\Lambda p\to K^+\Lambda\Lambda$ and $\Lambda p\to K^+\Xi^-p$ reactions are considered to find the lightest $S=-2$ system, which is $H$-dibaryon. We assume that the $H(2250)\to\Lambda\Lambda$, and $H(2270)\to\Xi^-p$ decays with the intrinsic decay width of 1 MeV. According to our calculations, the total cross-sections for $\Lambda p\to K^+\Lambda\Lambda$ and $\Lambda p\to K^+\Xi^-p$ reactions were found to be of the order of a few $\mu$b in the $\Lambda$ beam momentum range of up to 5 GeV$/c$. Furthermore, the direct access of information regarding the interference patterns between the $H$-dibaryon and non-resonant contributions was demonstrated.

Published
2021
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17. Multiplicity dependence of (multi)strange baryons in the canonical ensemble with phase shift corrections

Author

Natasha Sharma, Jean Willy Andre Cleymans, Pok Man Lo, and Krzysztof Redlich

Subjects
Physics, Canonical ensemble, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Strangeness production, hep-ph, Multiplicity (mathematics), Strangeness, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Baryon, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Particle Physics - Experiment, Particle Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The increase in strangeness production with charged particle multiplicity, as seen by the ALICE collaboration at CERN in p-p, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions, is investigated in the hadron resonance gas model taking into account interactions among hadrons using S-matrix corrections based on known phase shift analyses. Strangeness conservation is taken into account in the framework of the canonical strangeness ensemble. A very good description is obtained for the variation of the strangeness content in the final state as a function of the number of charged hadrons in the mid-rapidity region using the same fixed temperature value as obtained in the most central Pb-Pb collisions. It is shown that the number of charged hadrons is linearly proportional to the volume of the system. For small multiplicities the canonical ensemble with local strangeness conservation restricted to mid-rapidity leads to a stronger suppression of (multi-)strange baryons than seen in the data. This is compensated by introducing a global conservation of strangeness in the whole phase-space which is parameterized by the canonical correlation volume larger than the fireball volume at the mid-rapidity. The results on comparing the hadron resonance gas model with and without S-matrix corrections, are presented in detail. It is shown that the interactions introduced by the phase shift analysis via the S-matrix formalism are essential for a better description of the yields data., Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures

Published
2021
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18. Enhanced Production of Multi-strange Hadrons in Proton-Proton Collisions

Author

Pradip Kumar Sahu, R. C. Baral, M. K. Parida, and Sarita Sahoo

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Proton, Relative yield, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Strangeness production, Baryon number, Strangeness, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Strangeness enhancement is proposed as a signature of QGP formation in high-energy nuclear collisions. The observed relative yield enhancements of hadrons increase with the strangeness content but not with the mass and baryon number of the hadron. To understand this behavior, we have studied on the simulation models. We have found the models EPOS and AMPT are not able to explain simultaneously the effect of strangeness canonical suppression in low-multiplicity events and QGP-like effect in high-multiplicity pp collisions at LHC energies.

Published
2021
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19. Latest results on the production of hadronic resonances in ALICE at the LHC

Author

Khuntia, Arvind, Mihaylov, D.L., Adamová, D., Adler, Alexander, Adolfsson, Jonatan, Aggarwal, Madan M., Rinella, Gianluca Aglieri, Agnello, Michelangelo, Agrawal, Nikita, Ahammed, Zubayer, Alme, Johan, Altenkaemper, Lucas, Djuvsland, Øystein, Eikeland, Viljar Nilsen, Ersdal, Magnus Rentsch, Fionda, Fiorella Maria Celeste, Grøttvik, Ola Slettevoll, Lofnes, Ingrid Mckibben, Nystrand, Joakim Ingemar, Rehman, Attiq Ur, Tambave, Ganesh Jagannath, Ullaland, Kjetil, Wagner, Boris, Zhou, Zhuo, Arsene, Ionut Cristian, Dordic, Olja, Mahmood, Sohail Musa, Malik, Qasim Waheed, Neagu, Alexandra, Richter, Matthias, Røed, Ketil, Röhrich, Dieter Rudolf Christian, Skaali, Toralf Bernhard, Tveter, Trine Spedstad, Wikne, Jon Christopher, Helstrup, Håvard, Hetland, Kristin Fanebust, Kileng, Bjarte, Nesbø, Simon Voigt, Storetvedt, Maksim Melnik, Langøy, Rune, Lien, Jørgen André, Ahmad, Shafiq F., Ahnak, Sang Un, Akindinov, Alexander, Al-Turany, Mohammed, Alam, S. N., Albuquerque, D.S.D., Aleksandrov, Dmitry, Alessandro, Bruno, and ALICE Collaboration,

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, nucl-ex, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Momentum, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Strangeness production, Quantum number, 3. Good health, Particle, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Measurement of short-lived hadronic resonances are used to study different aspects of particle production and collision dynamics in pp, p-A and relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The yields of resonances are sensitive to the competing processes of hadron rescattering and regeneration, thus making these particles unique probes of the properties of the late hadronic phase. Measurements of resonances with different masses and quantum numbers also provide insight into strangeness production and processes that determine the shapes of particle momentum spectra at intermediate transverse momenta, as well as the species dependence of hadron suppression at high momentum. We present the comprehensive set of results in the ALICE experiment with unprecedented precision for $\rho(770)^{0}$, K$^{*}(892)$, $\phi(1020)$, $\Sigma(1385)^{\pm}$, $\Lambda(1520)$, and $\Xi(1530)^{0}$ production in pp, p-Pb, Xe-Xe and Pb-Pb collisions in the energy range $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76-13 TeV, including the latest measurements from LHC Run 2. The obtained results are used to study the system-size and collision-energy evolution of transverse momentum spectra, particle ratios and nuclear modification factors and to search for the onset of collectivity in small collision systems. We compare these results to lower energy measurements and model calculations where available., Comment: 4 pages, 8 figures

Published
2021

20. In-medium effects in strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions at (sub)threshold energies

Author

J. Wirth, Joerg Aichelin, Elena Bratkovskaya, Taesoo Song, Laura Tolos, Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), German Research Foundation, Russian Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, European Research Council, and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)

Subjects
effective Lagrangian: chiral, heavy ion: scattering, Nuclear Theory, Particle interactions, 1-2 GeV/nucleon, Strong interaction, 01 natural sciences, nuclear matter: equation of state, Spectral line, energy: threshold, SU(3), transport theory, angular distribution, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, Physics, production [strangeness], Equation of state (cosmology), Strangeness production, Observable, matter: effect, threshold [energy], nuclear matter, flow, spectral representation, Particle physics, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], QC1-999, FOS: Physical sciences, off-shell, Relativistic Nuclear Collisions, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Particle and resonance production, Momentum, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), scattering [heavy ion], Relativistic heavy-ion collisions, 0103 physical sciences, unitarity, coupled channel: unitarity, ddc:530, Rapidity, Sensitivity (control systems), 010306 general physics, numerical calculations, density [baryon], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, baryon: density, Nuclear matter, rapidity, HADES, FOPI, High Energy Physics::Experiment, strangeness: production, chiral [effective Lagrangian]
Abstract

The 19th International Conference of Strangeness in Quark Matter (SQM 2021)., We study the in-medium effects in strangeness production in heavyion collisions at (sub-)threshold energies based on the microscopic Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD) transport approach. The in-medium modifications of the antikaon properties are described via the self-consistent coupledchannel unitarized scheme based on a SU(3) chiral Lagrangian while the inmedium modification of kaons are accounted via the kaon-nuclear potential, which is assumed to be proportional to the local baryon density. We find that the modifications of (anti)kaon properties in nuclear matter are necessary to explain the experimental data in heavy-ion collisions., The authors acknowledge support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG,German Research Foundation): grantBR4000/7-1, by the Russian Science Foundation grant19-4204101 and by the GSI-IN2P3 agreement under contract number13-70. L.T. acknowledges support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG,German research Foundation) under the Project Nr.383452331 (Heisenberg Programme), Nr.411563442 (Hot Heavy Mesons). Her research has been also supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad undercontract FPA2016-81114-P and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación under contractPID2019-110165GB-I00. This project has, furthermore, received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No824093 (STRONG-2020).

Published
2021
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21. Strangeness Production in p-Pb Collisions at 8.16 TeV

Author

Meenakshi Sharma

Subjects
Particle physics, Strange quark, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, nucl-ex, Tracking (particle physics), Lambda, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Particle identification, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Physics, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Strangeness production, Observable, Multiplicity (mathematics), 13. Climate action, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) is one of the four big experiments installed at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and it is suited to study pp, p--Pb and Pb--Pb collisions. It aims to study the strongly interacting matter at extreme conditions of temperature and density under which the quarks decouple to form a new state of matter called the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). Such a state of matter existed a few microseconds after the Big Bang in which the universe was created. Several experimental observables, sensitive to the evolution of the system after the nuclear collisions, reveal important information about the properties of the QGP. Among such observables is the production rate of strange quarks. It is now confirmed that the strange quarks would be produced with higher probability in a QGP scenario with respect to that expected in a pure hadron gas scenario. Therefore, studies of strangeness production can help to determine the properties of the created system. The studies are now revised at much higher LHC energies and are compared with the lower energy measurements to clarify the full picture. The work which will be presented here is related to the strangeness production in p--Pb collisions with ALICE detector. These collisions in particular, can contribute to the understanding of the differences between small and large interacting systems. The excellent tracking and particle identification capabilities of ALICE can be used to reconstruct the strange hadrons by means of the tracks of their weak decays. The analysis status of strange ($K^{0}_{s}$ and $\Lambda$) hadrons in p--Pb at $8.16\text{ TeV}$ at mid-rapidity as a function of $p_{\rm T}$ and centrality will be presented. The comparison of the experimental results with the EPOS and DPMJet predictions will be also discussed., Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, XXIII DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics Symposium 2018

Published
2021
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22. Impact of single string structure and multiple string interaction on strangeness production in Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV

Author

Dai-Mei Zhou, Yu-Liang Yan, Zhi-hong Song, Xiao-Mei Li, Liang Zheng, Xu Cai, Gang Chen, and Ben-Hao Sa

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Strangeness production, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear theory
Abstract

We present a systematic study of the strange and multistrange particle production in Pb $+$ Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV based on paciae model simulations. Two different mechanisms, namely the single string structure variations and multiple string interactions, are implemented in the simulations. These modifications give rise to an enhancement of the string tension value involved in the Lund string fragmentation framework and generate more strange particles in the hadronic final state. By comparing the simulation results with the ALICE experimental data, it turns out that the inclusion of the variable effective string tension in the paciae model results in an improved agreement between theory and experiment on the strangeness production in Pb $+$ Pb collisions.

Published
2020
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23. Strange hadron production in Au+Au collisions at sNN=7.7 , 11.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeV

Author

S. Fazio, I. G. Bordyuzhin, James Brandenburg, K. N. Barish, Z. Ye, T. Tarnowsky, Maowu Nie, A. Kechechyan, Pradip Kumar Sahu, Maria Stefaniak, Lukas Holub, Subhasis Chattopadhyay, Bedangadas Mohanty, F. G. Atetalla, G. Eppley, Pavol Federic, A. A. Derevschikov, Dingwei Zhang, J. Pluta, N. Chankova-Bunzarova, Muhammad Usman Ashraf, Skipper Kagamaster, Subhash Singha, Y. K. Sun, Bernd Surrow, Paul Sorensen, Rene Bellwied, Brian Page, Yifan Hong, John Nelson, Nu Xu, Raghav Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Xiangming Sun, Kejun Kang, L. V. Nogach, Jana Bielcikova, B. Huang, Z. Moravcova, N. K. Pruthi, O. D. Tsai, Xinyue Ju, Zhen Liu, Feng Liu, Norbert Herrmann, N. Elsey, J. Putschke, Chris Perkins, K. Gopal, Lanny Ray, A. V. Brandin, Janet Elizabeth Seger, Z. Chang, I. M. Deppner, Song Zhang, Neha Shah, Zebo Tang, A. Ogawa, Takafumi Niida, Vipul Bairathi, Lokesh Kumar, C. A. Gagliardi, Hans Georg Ritter, Jeong-Hun Lee, Peifeng Liu, F. Videbæk, Dmitri Smirnov, Hal Spinka, D. P. Kikola, H. Liu, Joseph Kwasizur, C. Zhong, E. C. Aschenauer, Wen-Qing Shen, Jaroslav Adam, Madan M. Aggarwal, David Stewart, Irakli Chakaberia, B. Stringfellow, Saskia Mioduszewski, Shusu Shi, M. Tokarev, Yang Yang, Matthew Kelsey, Yuanjing Ji, J. Engelage, Robert E. Tribble, Fuqiang Wang, D. K. Mishra, L. Didenko, Y. Fisyak, Qian Yang, Xiaolong Chen, Yaping Wang, Arabinda Behera, Richard Daniel Majka, X. Dong, B. Schmidke, Liang He, Hao-jie Xu, I. K. Yoo, Xiaoyu Liu, P. Chaloupka, Ting Lin, K. Oh, Chitrasen Jena, X. Zhu, Yifei Zhang, G. Nigmatkulov, Alexandre Alarcon Do Passo Suaide, Rongrong Ma, S. W. Wissink, Miroslav Simko, Ron Longacre, Mariusz Przybycien, F. Seck, P. Szymanski, A. I. Hamad, Sedigheh Jowzaee, Isaac Upsal, Dave Underwood, Xinjie Huang, Prithwish Tribedy, B. K. Srivastava, Juan M. Romero, Sevil Salur, M. Sergeeva, Qinghua Xu, Maksym Zyzak, J. Rusnak, Christina Markert, H. H. Wieman, O. Rusnakova, H. S. Matis, Nihar Sahoo, Cheng Li, D. Kapukchyan, Declan Keane, J. M. Landgraf, M. Lomnitz, Diana Pawlowska, L. K. Kosarzewski, E. P. Sichtermann, J. Lauret, Jing-Han Chen, Qiye Shou, Shengli Huang, M. Posik, H. W. Ke, L. Fulek, M. M. Mondal, E. G. Judd, P. Seyboth, Jan Vanek, Leszek Adamczyk, Shuai Yang, J. Schambach, D. Kalinkin, Xiaofeng Luo, Guo-Liang Ma, Chensheng Zhou, Alexander Vasiliev, Yevheniia Khyzhniak, S. Stanislaus, L. Kochenda, J. W. Harris, M. Kocan, Robert Licenik, I. G. Alekseev, Anthony Robert Timmins, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, Chong Kim, Siwei Luo, Anju Bhasin, R. Seto, Jianping Cheng, Li Yi, Z. Tu, M. A. Lisa, J. C. Mei, Tetsuro Sugiura, A. J. Bassill, J. C. Dunlop, L. Wen, L. Ruan, ShinIchi Esumi, B. K. Chan, Michal Sumbera, T. Ullrich, S. Heppelmann, C. Dilks, Roland Laszlo Pinter, Xin Li, B. J. Summa, Jaroslav Bielcik, T. G. Dedovich, Dmitry Morozov, M. Strikhanov, K. Yip, Zubayer Ahammed, Joseph Adams, Catherine Tomkiel, Hank Crawford, H. Z. Huang, Kishora Nayak, Rafal Sikora, S. Kabana, Ivan Kisel, P. Kravtsov, Fuwang Shen, J. Bryslawskyj, R. Fatemi, A. Lebedev, Manuel Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, Gang Wang, I. Bunzarov, O. Matonoha, Norbert Schmitz, Z. Y. Zhang, Yu-Gang Ma, Jiangyong Jia, Todd Kinghorn, Nalinda Kulathunga Mudiyanselage, O. V. Rogachevskiy, Vitalii Okorokov, Yi Wang, T. Nonaka, T. Todoroki, Guannan Xie, Isaac Mooney, Shenghui Zhang, Ming Shao, L. C. Bland, Arghya Chatterjee, R. Lednicky, Wei Li, Justin Ewigleben, A. Gibson, G. Odyniec, J. Sandweiss, William Jacobs, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, Roli Esha, Feng-Han Chang, A. K. Bhati, T. Ljubicic, Wei Xie, M. Cherney, I. Vassiliev, Chi Yang, Rosi Reed, Daniel Nemes, S. Siejka, J. H. Thomas, Yuliang Sun, Jie Zhao, H. Caines, Yi-Fei Xu, A. Quintero, A. H. Tang, Mate Csanad, Hua Pei, Nasim, D. N. Svirida, S. K. Tripathy, R. Pak, A. Aparin, S. Ramachandran, J. L. Drachenberg, Olga Evdokimov, Yuanjing Li, Niseem Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, G. S. Averichev, Zhigang Xiao, Jagbir Singh, T. Huang, Nikolai Smirnov, O. Eyser, W. J. Llope, Joel Anthony Mazer, Z. Yang, Derek Anderson, Kun Jiang, Jay Roberts, Benjamin Schweid, T. J. Humanic, Alexander Jentsch, Zhenyu Ye, N. G. Minaev, Maria Zurek, A. Attri, K. Krueger, P. Huo, D. Arkhipkin, A. Hamed, E. Shahaliev, P. Filip, Yicheng Feng, Yang Wu, Anik Gupta, R. Witt, Lei Zhang, Xiaoping Zhang, J. M. Butterworth, Sergei A. Voloshin, Spiros Margetis, Gene Van Buren, Bill Christie, J. C. Webb, D. Tlusty, A. Lipiec, Zhongbin Xu, Lukas Kramarik, Frank Jm Geurts, T. Galatyuk, Sooraj Krishnan Radhakrishnan, E. Finch, W. Zha, Peng Liu, Wlodek Guryn, S. Vokal, Yue Liang, Y. Panebratsev, W. Solyst, Saehanseul Oh, D. Grosnick, J. Porter, R. Aoyama, Samuel Heppelmann, B. Tu, Tong Liu, S. Das, K. Meehan, G. Agakishiev, S. Horvat, Roy A. Lacey, T. Edmonds, Pengfei Wang, Gary Westfall, D. Cebra, S. Trentalange, Zhanwen Zhu, Kevin Adkins, Long Ma, Yanfang Liu, J. Fedorisin, B. Pawlik, P. V. Shanmuganathan, D. Mallick, G. Igo, K. Kauder, and A. Taranenko

Subjects
Physics, Strange quark, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Strangeness production, Strangeness, 01 natural sciences, Baryon, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Transverse mass, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Impact parameter, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Abstract

We present STAR measurements of strange hadron (KS0, Λ, Λ¯, Ξ−, Ξ¯+, Ω−, Ω¯+, and ϕ) production at midrapidity (|y

Published
2020
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24. Evaluation of hypernuclei in relativistic ion collisions

Author

Marcus Bleicher, A. S. Botvina, Riza Ogul, and Nihal Büyükçizmeci

Subjects
Coalescence (physics), Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Fission, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Hyperon, Strangeness production, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Baryon, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear fusion, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon
Abstract

In this paper, we present the results of the transport, coalescence and statistical model calculations to describe the production of hypernuclei and study their properties in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions. Such hypernuclei and low-temperature hypermatter can be produced as a result of hyperon capture by nuclear residues and free nucleons. The dynamical reaction stage leading to the strangeness production is described within the transport cascade and UrQMD models. Large excited hypernuclear species can be formed from target and projectile residues in peripheral collisions. To describe its following evolution at high excitation energies we have generalized the statistical multifragmentation model (SMM) on hypernuclei, as well as the evaporation, fission and Fermi-break-up models at low energies. We calculated the yields, the mass with isotopic distributions of produced nuclei and hypernuclei, and found important regularities and correlations. We have also established how the binding energies of hypernuclei can be evaluated via the comparison of isotope yields. Our approach can be used also for multistrange nuclei. We have extended the coalescence model for the formation of excited hyperclusters from individual baryons in the central collisions. De-excitation of hot coalescence clusters presents a novel mechanism for the hypernuclei production and shows new possibilities for their investigation.

Published
2020
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25. Recent Results from HADES

Author

Tetyana Galatyuk

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Strangeness production, Strangeness, Nuclear matter, Baryon, Nuclear physics, Strange matter, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, QCD matter
Abstract

The High Acceptance DiElecton Spectrometer (HADES), installed at the heavy-ion synchrotron SIS18 at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung (Germany) and investigates the microscopic properties of resonance matter formed in heavy-ion collision in the 1–2A GeV energy regime. Important topics of the research program are the mechanisms of strangeness production, the emissivity of resonance matter and the role of baryonic resonances herein. The latter topic is also addressed through investigations of exclusive channels in proton and pion beam induced reactions, both for hadronic and semi-leptonic final states. Recent HADES results on electromagnetic radiation and rare (multi-)strange hadron production provided the encouraging prospects for studying QCD matter in the region of nonzero net-baryon density. Hadron and dilepton spectra are confronted with results of other experiments as well as with available model calculations. The future experimental program at SIS18 during FAIR Phase-0 will also be discussed.

Published
2020
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26. Strangeness production and hypernuclear formation in proton- and antiproton-induced reactions

Author

Zhao-Qing Feng

Subjects
Physics, Annihilation, Nuclear Theory, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Binding energy, Hyperon, FOS: Physical sciences, Strangeness production, Strangeness, Threshold energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Nuclear physics, Antiproton, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

Strange particles and hyperfragments in collisions of antiprotons and protons on nuclei have been investigated systematically within a microscopic transport model. The hyperons are produced from the annihilation in antibaryon-baryon collisions and strangeness exchange process in antiproton induced reactions. A coalescence approach is used for constructing the primary hyperfragments in phase space and the statistical model is modified for describing the decay of hyperfragments via evaporating hyperon, neutron, charged particles etc, in which the shell effect, binding energy and root-mean-square radii are taken into account. It is found that the influence of the hyperon-nucleon interaction on the free $\Lambda$ and $\Xi^{-}$ production is negligible. However, the large hyperfragment yields are obvious with the attractive potential. The production of double strangeness hyperfragments are reduced below 1$\mu b$ in comparison to the yields of $\Lambda$-hyperfragments with the cross sections of 0.05-0.1 mb in the antiproton induced reactions on $^{63}$Cu at the incident momenta of 1-5 GeV/c. The light hyperfragments are formed in the dynamical fragmentation process. The energy dependence of hyperfragment formation is weak once the incident energy above the threshold energy for the hyperon production., Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures

Published
2020
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27. Herwig 7.2 release note

Author

Johannes Bellm, Gavin Bewick, Silvia Ferrario Ravasio, Stefan Gieseke, David Grellscheid, Patrick Kirchgaeßer, Frashër Loshaj, Mohammad R. Masouminia, Graeme Nail, Andreas Papaefstathiou, Simon Plätzer, Radek Podskubka, Michael Rauch, Christian Reuschle, Peter Richardson, Peter Schichtel, Michael H. Seymour, Andrzej Siódmok, and Stephen Webster

Subjects
Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Parton, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, ddc:530, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Parton shower, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Phenomenology, Event generator, Spin-½, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Strangeness production, hep-ph, Baryon, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Dipole, lcsh:QC770-798, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

A new release of the Monte Carlo event generator Herwig (version 7.2) is now available. This version introduces a number of improvements, notably: improvements to the simulation of multiple-parton interactions, including diffractive processes; a new model for baryonic colour re-connection; spin correlations in both the dipole and angular-ordered parton showers; improvements to strangeness production; an improved choice of evolution variable in the angular-ordered parton shower; support for generic Lorentz structures in BSM models., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. Herwig is available from https://herwig.hepforge.org. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1705.06919

Published
2020
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28. Strangeness production in the new version of the Liège intranuclear cascade model

Author

Sylvie Leray, A. Boudard, Ingo Leya, Georg Schnabel, Jason Hirtz, Joseph Cugnon, J.-C. David, J. L. Rodriguez-Sanchez, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay

Subjects
Nuclear reaction, Strange quark, Particle physics, Nuclear Theory, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Lambda, nuclear reaction, 01 natural sciences, transverse momentum: momentum spectrum, K: spectrum, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Reactions, numerical calculations, strange particle, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, intranuclear cascade, hadron hadron: interaction, total cross section, nucleon nucleon: interaction, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 520 Astronomy, Hyperon, model: hadronic, Strangeness production, hyperon: production, Observable, model: cascade, 620 Engineering, pi nucleon: interaction, rapidity spectrum, hypernucleus: production, Cascade, isospin: symmetry, strangeness: production, Production (computer science)
Abstract

The capabilities of the new version of the Li\`ege intranuclear cascade model (labeled $\mathrm{INCL}++6$ from now on) are presented in detail. This new version of INCL is able to handle strange particles, such as kaons and the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}$ hyperons, and the associated reactions and also allows extending nucleon-nucleon collisions up to about $15\text{--}20$ GeV incident energy. Compared to the previous version, new observables can be studied, e.g., kaon, hyperon, and hypernuclei production cross sections (with the use of a suitable de-excitation code) as well as aspects of kaon-induced spallation reactions. The main purpose of this paper is to present the specific ingredients of the new INCL version and its new features, notably the newly implemented variance reduction scheme. We also compare, for some illustrative strangeness production cases, theoretical results calculated using this version of INCL with experimental data.

Published
2020
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29. Multiplicity dependence of (multi-)strange hadron production in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Author

S. Acharya, D. Adamová, S. P. Adhya, A. Adler, J. Adolfsson, M. M. Aggarwal, G. Aglieri Rinella, M. Agnello, N. Agrawal, Z. Ahammed, S. Ahmad, S. U. Ahn, A. Akindinov, M. Al-Turany, S. N. Alam, D. S. D. Albuquerque, D. Aleksandrov, B. Alessandro, H. M. Alfanda, R. Alfaro Molina, B. Ali, Y. Ali, A. Alici, A. Alkin, J. Alme, T. Alt, L. Altenkamper, I. Altsybeev, M. N. Anaam, C. Andrei, D. Andreou, H. A. Andrews, A. Andronic, M. Angeletti, V. Anguelov, C. Anson, T. Antičić, F. Antinori, P. Antonioli, R. Anwar, N. Apadula, L. Aphecetche, H. Appelshäuser, S. Arcelli, R. Arnaldi, M. Arratia, I. C. Arsene, M. Arslandok, A. Augustinus, R. Averbeck, S. Aziz, M. D. Azmi, A. Badalà, Y. W. Baek, S. Bagnasco, X. Bai, R. Bailhache, R. Bala, A. Baldisseri, M. Ball, S. Balouza, R. C. Baral, R. Barbera, L. Barioglio, G. G. Barnaföldi, L. S. Barnby, V. Barret, P. Bartalini, K. Barth, E. Bartsch, F. Baruffaldi, N. Bastid, S. Basu, G. Batigne, B. Batyunya, P. C. Batzing, D. Bauri, J. L. Bazo Alba, I. G. Bearden, C. Bedda, N. K. Behera, I. Belikov, F. Bellini, R. Bellwied, V. Belyaev, G. Bencedi, S. Beole, A. Bercuci, Y. Berdnikov, D. Berenyi, R. A. Bertens, D. Berzano, M. G. Besoiu, L. Betev, A. Bhasin, I. R. Bhat, M. A. Bhat, H. Bhatt, B. Bhattacharjee, A. Bianchi, L. Bianchi, N. Bianchi, J. Bielčík, J. Bielčíková, A. Bilandzic, G. Biro, R. Biswas, S. Biswas, J. T. Blair, D. Blau, C. Blume, G. Boca, F. Bock, A. Bogdanov, L. Boldizsár, A. Bolozdynya, M. Bombara, G. Bonomi, H. Borel, A. Borissov, M. Borri, H. Bossi, E. Botta, L. Bratrud, P. Braun-Munzinger, M. Bregant, T. A. Broker, M. Broz, E. J. Brucken, E. Bruna, G. E. Bruno, M. D. Buckland, D. Budnikov, H. Buesching, S. Bufalino, O. Bugnon, P. Buhler, P. Buncic, Z. Buthelezi, J. B. Butt, J. T. Buxton, S. A. Bysiak, D. Caffarri, A. Caliva, E. Calvo Villar, R. S. Camacho, P. Camerini, A. A. Capon, F. Carnesecchi, J. Castillo Castellanos, A. J. Castro, E. A. R. Casula, F. Catalano, C. Ceballos Sanchez, P. Chakraborty, S. Chandra, B. Chang, W. Chang, S. Chapeland, M. Chartier, S. Chattopadhyay, A. Chauvin, C. Cheshkov, B. Cheynis, V. Chibante Barroso, D. D. Chinellato, S. Cho, P. Chochula, T. Chowdhury, P. Christakoglou, C. H. Christensen, P. Christiansen, T. Chujo, C. Cicalo, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, J. Cleymans, F. Colamaria, D. Colella, A. Collu, M. Colocci, M. Concas, G. Conesa Balbastre, Z. Conesadel Valle, G. Contin, J. G. Contreras, T. M. Cormier, Y. Corrales Morales, P. Cortese, M. R. Cosentino, F. Costa, S. Costanza, P. Crochet, E. Cuautle, P. Cui, L. Cunqueiro, D. Dabrowski, T. Dahms, A. Dainese, F. P. A. Damas, S. Dani, M. C. Danisch, A. Danu, D. Das, I. Das, P. Das, S. Das, A. Dash, S. Dash, A. Dashi, S. De, A. De Caro, G. de Cataldo, C. de Conti, J. de Cuveland, A. De Falco, D. De Gruttola, N. De Marco, S. De Pasquale, R. Derradi de Souza, S. Deb, H. F. Degenhardt, K. R. Deja, A. Deloff, S. Delsanto, D. Devetak, P. Dhankher, D. Di Bari, A. Di Mauro, R. A. Diaz, T. Dietel, P. Dillenseger, Y. Ding, R. Divià, Ø. Djuvsland, U. Dmitrieva, A. Dobrin, B. Dönigus, O. Dordic, A. K. Dubey, A. Dubla, S. Dudi, M. Dukhishyam, P. Dupieux, R. J. Ehlers, V. N. Eikeland, D. Elia, H. Engel, E. Epple, B. Erazmus, F. Erhardt, A. Erokhin, M. R. Ersdal, B. Espagnon, G. Eulisse, J. Eum, D. Evans, S. Evdokimov, L. Fabbietti, M. Faggin, J. Faivre, F. Fan, A. Fantoni, M. Fasel, P. Fecchio, A. Feliciello, G. Feofilov, A. Fernández Téllez, A. Ferrero, A. Ferretti, A. Festanti, V. J. G. Feuillard, J. Figiel, S. Filchagin, D. Finogeev, F. M. Fionda, G. Fiorenza, F. Flor, M. Floris, S. Foertsch, P. Foka, S. Fokin, E. Fragiacomo, U. Frankenfeld, G. G. Fronze, U. Fuchs, C. Furget, A. Furs, M. Fusco Girard, J. J. Gaardhøje, M. Gagliardi, A. M. Gago, A. Gal, C. D. Galvan, P. Ganoti, C. Garabatos, E. Garcia-Solis, K. Garg, C. Gargiulo, A. Garibli, K. Garner, P. Gasik, E. F. Gauger, M. B. Gay Ducati, M. Germain, J. Ghosh, P. Ghosh, S. K. Ghosh, P. Gianotti, P. Giubellino, P. Giubilato, P. Glässel, D. M. Goméz Coral, A. Gomez Ramirez, V. Gonzalez, P. González-Zamora, S. Gorbunov, L. Görlich, S. Gotovac, V. Grabski, L. K. Graczykowski, K. L. Graham, L. Greiner, A. Grelli, C. Grigoras, V. Grigoriev, A. Grigoryan, S. Grigoryan, O. S. Groettvik, F. Grosa, J. F. Grosse-Oetringhaus, R. Grosso, R. Guernane, B. Guerzoni, M. Guittiere, K. Gulbrandsen, T. Gunji, A. Gupta, R. Gupta, I. B. Guzman, R. Haake, M. K. Habib, C. Hadjidakis, H. Hamagaki, G. Hamar, M. Hamid, R. Hannigan, M. R. Haque, A. Harlenderova, J. W. Harris, A. Harton, J. A. Hasenbichler, H. Hassan, D. Hatzifotiadou, P. Hauer, S. Hayashi, A. D. L. B. Hechavarria, S. T. Heckel, E. Hellbär, H. Helstrup, A. Herghelegiu, E. G. Hernandez, G. Herrera Corral, F. Herrmann, K. F. Hetland, T. E. Hilden, H. Hillemanns, C. Hills, B. Hippolyte, B. Hohlweger, D. Horak, S. Hornung, R. Hosokawa, P. Hristov, C. Huang, C. Hughes, P. Huhn, T. J. Humanic, H. Hushnud, L. A. Husova, N. Hussain, S. A. Hussain, D. Hutter, D. S. Hwang, J. P. Iddon, R. Ilkaev, M. Inaba, M. Ippolitov, M. S. Islam, M. Ivanov, V. Ivanov, V. Izucheev, B. Jacak, N. Jacazio, P. M. Jacobs, M. B. Jadhav, S. Jadlovska, J. Jadlovsky, S. Jaelani, C. Jahnke, M. J. Jakubowska, M. A. Janik, M. Jercic, O. Jevons, R. T. Jimenez Bustamante, M. Jin, F. Jonas, P. G. Jones, A. Jusko, P. Kalinak, A. Kalweit, J. H. Kang, V. Kaplin, S. Kar, A. Karasu Uysal, O. Karavichev, T. Karavicheva, P. Karczmarczyk, E. Karpechev, U. Kebschull, R. Keidel, M. Keil, B. Ketzer, Z. Khabanova, A. M. Khan, S. Khan, S. A. Khan, A. Khanzadeev, Y. Kharlov, A. Khatun, A. Khuntia, B. Kileng, B. Kim, D. Kim, D. J. Kim, E. J. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim, J. S. Kim, M. Kim, S. Kim, T. Kim, S. Kirsch, I. Kisel, S. Kiselev, A. Kisiel, J. L. Klay, C. Klein, J. Klein, S. Klein, C. Klein-Bösing, S. Klewin, A. Kluge, M. L. Knichel, A. G. Knospe, C. Kobdaj, M. K. Köhler, T. Kollegger, A. Kondratyev, N. Kondratyeva, E. Kondratyuk, P. J. Konopka, L. Koska, O. Kovalenko, V. Kovalenko, M. Kowalski, I. Králik, A. Kravčáková, L. Kreis, M. Krivda, F. Krizek, K. Krizkova Gajdosova, M. Krüger, E. Kryshen, M. Krzewicki, A. M. Kubera, V. Kučera, C. Kuhn, P. G. Kuijer, L. Kumar, S. Kumar, S. Kundu, P. Kurashvili, A. Kurepin, A. B. Kurepin, A. Kuryakin, S. Kushpil, J. Kvapil, M. J. Kweon, J. Y. Kwon, Y. Kwon, S. L. La Pointe, P. La Rocca, Y. S. Lai, R. Langoy, K. Lapidus, A. Lardeux, P. Larionov, E. Laudi, R. Lavicka, T. Lazareva, R. Lea, L. Leardini, S. Lee, F. Lehas, S. Lehner, J. Lehrbach, R. C. Lemmon, I. León Monzón, E. D. Lesser, M. Lettrich, P. Lévai, X. Li, X. L. Li, J. Lien, R. Lietava, B. Lim, S. Lindal, V. Lindenstruth, S. W. Lindsay, C. Lippmann, M. A. Lisa, V. Litichevskyi, A. Liu, S. Liu, W. J. Llope, I. M. Lofnes, V. Loginov, C. Loizides, P. Loncar, X. Lopez, E. López Torres, P. Luettig, J. R. Luhder, M. Lunardon, G. Luparello, A. Maevskaya, M. Mager, S. M. Mahmood, T. Mahmoud, A. Maire, R. D. Majka, M. Malaev, Q. W. Malik, L. Malinina, D. Mal’Kevich, P. Malzacher, G. Mandaglio, V. Manko, F. Manso, V. Manzari, Y. Mao, M. Marchisone, J. Mareš, G. V. Margagliotti, A. Margotti, J. Margutti, A. Marín, C. Markert, M. Marquard, N. A. Martin, P. Martinengo, J. L. Martinez, M. I. Martínez, G. Martínez García, M. Martinez Pedreira, S. Masciocchi, M. Masera, A. Masoni, L. Massacrier, E. Masson, A. Mastroserio, A. M. Mathis, O. Matonoha, P. F. T. Matuoka, A. Matyja, C. Mayer, M. Mazzilli, M. A. Mazzoni, A. F. Mechler, F. Meddi, Y. Melikyan, A. Menchaca-Rocha, C. Mengke, E. Meninno, M. Meres, S. Mhlanga, Y. Miake, L. Micheletti, M. M. Mieskolainen, D. L. Mihaylov, K. Mikhaylov, A. Mischke, A. N. Mishra, D. Miśkowiec, C. M. Mitu, A. Modak, N. Mohammadi, A. P. Mohanty, B. Mohanty, M. MohisinKhan, M. Mondal, C. Mordasini, D. A. Moreira De Godoy, L. A. P. Moreno, S. Moretto, A. Morreale, A. Morsch, T. Mrnjavac, V. Muccifora, E. Mudnic, D. Mühlheim, S. Muhuri, J. D. Mulligan, M. G. Munhoz, K. Münning, R. H. Munzer, H. Murakami, S. Murray, L. Musa, J. Musinsky, C. J. Myers, J. W. Myrcha, B. Naik, R. Nair, B. K. Nandi, R. Nania, E. Nappi, M. U. Naru, A. F. Nassirpour, H. Natalda Luz, C. Nattrass, R. Nayak, T. K. Nayak, S. Nazarenko, A. Neagu, R. A. Negrao De Oliveira, L. Nellen, S. V. Nesbo, G. Neskovic, D. Nesterov, B. S. Nielsen, S. Nikolaev, S. Nikulin, V. Nikulin, F. Noferini, P. Nomokonov, G. Nooren, J. Norman, N. Novitzky, P. Nowakowski, A. Nyanin, J. Nystrand, M. Ogino, A. Ohlson, J. Oleniacz, A. C. Oliveira Da Silva, M. H. Oliver, C. Oppedisano, R. Orava, A. Ortiz Velasquez, A. Oskarsson, J. Otwinowski, K. Oyama, Y. Pachmayer, V. Pacik, D. Pagano, G. Paić, P. Palni, J. Pan, A. K. Pandey, S. Panebianco, P. Pareek, J. Park, J. E. Parkkila, S. Parmar, S. P. Pathak, R. N. Patra, B. Paul, H. Pei, T. Peitzmann, X. Peng, L. G. Pereira, H. Pereira Da Costa, D. Peresunko, G. M. Perez, E. Perez Lezama, V. Peskov, Y. Pestov, V. Petráček, M. Petrovici, R. P. Pezzi, S. Piano, M. Pikna, P. Pillot, L. O. D. L. Pimentel, O. Pinazza, L. Pinsky, C. Pinto, S. Pisano, D. 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Chang, W. Chang, S. Chapeland, M. Chartier, S. Chattopadhyay, A. Chauvin, C. Cheshkov, B. Cheyni, V. Chibante Barroso, D. D. Chinellato, S. Cho, P. Chochula, T. Chowdhury, P. Christakoglou, C. H. Christensen, P. Christiansen, T. Chujo, C. Cicalo, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, J. Cleyman, F. Colamaria, D. Colella, A. Collu, M. Colocci, M. Conca, G. Conesa Balbastre, Z. Conesadel Valle, G. Contin, J. G. Contrera, T. M. Cormier, Y. Corrales Morale, P. Cortese, M. R. Cosentino, F. Costa, S. Costanza, P. Crochet, E. Cuautle, P. Cui, L. Cunqueiro, D. Dabrowski, T. Dahm, A. Dainese, F. P. A. Dama, S. Dani, M. C. Danisch, A. Danu, D. Da, I. Da, P. Da, S. Da, A. Dash, S. Dash, A. Dashi, S. De, A. De Caro, G. de Cataldo, C. de Conti, J. de Cuveland, A. De Falco, D. De Gruttola, N. De Marco, S. De Pasquale, R. Derradi de Souza, S. Deb, H. F. Degenhardt, K. R. Deja, A. Deloff, S. Delsanto, D. Devetak, P. Dhankher, D. Di Bari, A. Di Mauro, R. A. Diaz, T. Dietel, P. Dillenseger, Y. Ding, R. Divià, Ø. 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Ippolitov, M. S. Islam, M. Ivanov, V. Ivanov, V. Izucheev, B. Jacak, N. Jacazio, P. M. Jacob, M. B. Jadhav, S. Jadlovska, J. Jadlovsky, S. Jaelani, C. Jahnke, M. J. Jakubowska, M. A. Janik, M. Jercic, O. Jevon, R. T. Jimenez Bustamante, M. Jin, F. Jona, P. G. Jone, A. Jusko, P. Kalinak, A. Kalweit, J. H. Kang, V. Kaplin, S. Kar, A. Karasu Uysal, O. Karavichev, T. Karavicheva, P. Karczmarczyk, E. Karpechev, U. Kebschull, R. Keidel, M. Keil, B. Ketzer, Z. Khabanova, A. M. Khan, S. Khan, S. A. Khan, A. Khanzadeev, Y. Kharlov, A. Khatun, A. Khuntia, B. Kileng, B. Kim, D. Kim, D. J. Kim, E. J. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim, J. S. Kim, M. Kim, S. Kim, T. Kim, S. Kirsch, I. Kisel, S. Kiselev, A. Kisiel, J. L. Klay, C. Klein, J. Klein, S. Klein, C. Klein-Bösing, S. Klewin, A. Kluge, M. L. Knichel, A. G. Knospe, C. Kobdaj, M. K. Köhler, T. Kollegger, A. Kondratyev, N. Kondratyeva, E. Kondratyuk, P. J. Konopka, L. Koska, O. Kovalenko, V. Kovalenko, M. Kowalski, I. Králik, A. Kravčáková, L. Krei, M. Krivda, F. Krizek, K. Krizkova Gajdosova, M. Krüger, E. Kryshen, M. Krzewicki, A. M. Kubera, V. Kučera, C. Kuhn, P. G. Kuijer, L. Kumar, S. Kumar, S. Kundu, P. Kurashvili, A. Kurepin, A. B. Kurepin, A. Kuryakin, S. Kushpil, J. Kvapil, M. J. Kweon, J. Y. Kwon, Y. Kwon, S. L. La Pointe, P. La Rocca, Y. S. Lai, R. Langoy, K. Lapidu, A. Lardeux, P. Larionov, E. Laudi, R. Lavicka, T. Lazareva, R. Lea, L. Leardini, S. Lee, F. Leha, S. Lehner, J. Lehrbach, R. C. Lemmon, I. León Monzón, E. D. Lesser, M. Lettrich, P. Lévai, X. Li, X. L. Li, J. Lien, R. Lietava, B. Lim, S. Lindal, V. Lindenstruth, S. W. Lindsay, C. Lippmann, M. A. Lisa, V. Litichevskyi, A. Liu, S. Liu, W. J. Llope, I. M. Lofne, V. Loginov, C. Loizide, P. Loncar, X. Lopez, E. López Torre, P. Luettig, J. R. Luhder, M. Lunardon, G. Luparello, A. Maevskaya, M. Mager, S. M. Mahmood, T. Mahmoud, A. Maire, R. D. Majka, M. Malaev, Q. W. Malik, L. Malinina, D. Mal’Kevich, P. Malzacher, G. Mandaglio, V. Manko, F. Manso, V. Manzari, Y. 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Nandi, R. Nania, E. Nappi, M. U. Naru, A. F. Nassirpour, H. Natalda Luz, C. Nattra, R. Nayak, T. K. Nayak, S. Nazarenko, A. Neagu, R. A. Negrao De Oliveira, L. Nellen, S. V. Nesbo, G. Neskovic, D. Nesterov, B. S. Nielsen, S. Nikolaev, S. Nikulin, V. Nikulin, F. Noferini, P. Nomokonov, G. Nooren, J. Norman, N. Novitzky, P. Nowakowski, A. Nyanin, J. Nystrand, M. Ogino, A. Ohlson, J. Oleniacz, A. C. Oliveira Da Silva, M. H. Oliver, C. Oppedisano, R. Orava, A. Ortiz Velasquez, A. Oskarsson, J. Otwinowski, K. Oyama, Y. Pachmayer, V. Pacik, D. Pagano, G. Paić, P. Palni, J. Pan, A. K. Pandey, S. Panebianco, P. Pareek, J. Park, J. E. Parkkila, S. Parmar, S. P. Pathak, R. N. Patra, B. Paul, H. Pei, T. Peitzmann, X. Peng, L. G. Pereira, H. Pereira Da Costa, D. Peresunko, G. M. Perez, E. Perez Lezama, V. Peskov, Y. Pestov, V. Petráček, M. Petrovici, R. P. Pezzi, S. Piano, M. Pikna, P. Pillot, L. O. D. L. Pimentel, O. Pinazza, L. Pinsky, C. Pinto, S. Pisano, D. Pistone, D. B. Piyarathna, M. 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Zherebchevskii, N. Zhigareva, D. Zhou, Y. Zhou, Z. Zhou, J. Zhu, Y. Zhu, A. Zichichi, M. B. Zimmermann, G. Zinovjev, N. Zurlo, Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Helsinki Institute of Physics, Acharya, S., Adamová, D., Adhya, S. 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H., Kaplin, V., Kar, S., Karasu Uysal, A., Karavichev, O., Karavicheva, T., Karczmarczyk, P., Karpechev, E., Kebschull, U., Keidel, R., Keil, M., Ketzer, B., Khabanova, Z., Khan, A. M., Khan, S., Khan, S. A., Khanzadeev, A., Kharlov, Y., Khatun, A., Khuntia, A., Kileng, B., Kim, B., Kim, D., Kim, D. J., Kim, E. J., Kim, H., Kim, J., Kim, J. S., Kim, M., Kim, S., Kim, T., Kirsch, S., Kisel, I., Kiselev, S., Kisiel, A., Klay, J. L., Klein, C., Klein, J., Klein, S., Klein-Bösing, C., Klewin, S., Kluge, A., Knichel, M. L., Knospe, A. G., Kobdaj, C., Köhler, M. K., Kollegger, T., Kondratyev, A., Kondratyeva, N., Kondratyuk, E., Konopka, P. J., Koska, L., Kovalenko, O., Kovalenko, V., Kowalski, M., Králik, I., Kravčáková, A., Kreis, L., Krivda, M., Krizek, F., Krizkova Gajdosova, K., Krüger, M., Kryshen, E., Krzewicki, M., Kubera, A. M., Kučera, V., Kuhn, C., Kuijer, P. G., Kumar, L., Kumar, S., Kundu, S., Kurashvili, P., Kurepin, A., Kurepin, A. 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V., Margotti, A., Margutti, J., Marín, A., Markert, C., Marquard, M., Martin, N. A., Martinengo, P., Martinez, J. L., Martínez, M. I., Martínez García, G., Martinez Pedreira, M., Masciocchi, S., Masera, M., Masoni, A., Massacrier, L., Masson, E., Mastroserio, A., Mathis, A. M., Matonoha, O., Matuoka, P. F. T., Matyja, A., Mayer, C., Mazzilli, M., Mazzoni, M. A., Mechler, A. F., Meddi, F., Melikyan, Y., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Mengke, C., Meninno, E., Meres, M., Mhlanga, S., Miake, Y., Micheletti, L., Mieskolainen, M. M., Mihaylov, D. L., Mikhaylov, K., Mischke, A., Mishra, A. N., Miśkowiec, D., Mitu, C. M., Modak, A., Mohammadi, N., Mohanty, A. P., Mohanty, B., Mohisinkhan, M., Mondal, M., Mordasini, C., Moreira De Godoy, D. A., Moreno, L. A. P., Moretto, S., Morreale, A., Morsch, A., Mrnjavac, T., Muccifora, V., Mudnic, E., Mühlheim, D., Muhuri, S., Mulligan, J. D., Munhoz, M. G., Münning, K., Munzer, R. H., Murakami, H., Murray, S., Musa, L., Musinsky, J., Myers, C. J., Myrcha, J. W., Naik, B., Nair, R., Nandi, B. K., Nania, R., Nappi, E., Naru, M. U., Nassirpour, A. F., Natalda Luz, H., Nattrass, C., Nayak, R., Nayak, T. K., Nazarenko, S., Neagu, A., Negrao De Oliveira, R. A., Nellen, L., Nesbo, S. V., Neskovic, G., Nesterov, D., Nielsen, B. S., Nikolaev, S., Nikulin, S., Nikulin, V., Noferini, F., Nomokonov, P., Nooren, G., Norman, J., Novitzky, N., Nowakowski, P., Nyanin, A., Nystrand, J., Ogino, M., Ohlson, A., Oleniacz, J., Oliveira Da Silva, A. C., Oliver, M. H., Oppedisano, C., Orava, R., Ortiz Velasquez, A., Oskarsson, A., Otwinowski, J., Oyama, K., Pachmayer, Y., Pacik, V., Pagano, D., Paić, G., Palni, P., Pan, J., Pandey, A. K., Panebianco, S., Pareek, P., Park, J., Parkkila, J. E., Parmar, S., Pathak, S. P., Patra, R. N., Paul, B., Pei, H., Peitzmann, T., Peng, X., Pereira, L. G., Pereira Da Costa, H., Peresunko, D., Perez, G. M., Perez Lezama, E., Peskov, V., Pestov, Y., Petráček, V., Petrovici, M., Pezzi, R. P., Piano, S., Pikna, M., Pillot, P., Pimentel, L. O. D. L., Pinazza, O., Pinsky, L., Pinto, C., Pisano, S., Pistone, D., Piyarathna, D. B., Płoskoń, M., Planinic, M., Pliquett, F., Pluta, J., Pochybova, S., Poghosyan, M. G., Polichtchouk, B., Poljak, N., Pop, A., Poppenborg, H., Porteboeuf-Houssais, S., Pozdniakov, V., Prasad, S. K., Preghenella, R., Prino, F., Pruneau, C. A., Pshenichnov, I., Puccio, M., Punin, V., Puranapanda, K., Putschke, J., Quishpe, R. E., Ragoni, S., Raha, S., Rajput, S., Rak, J., Rakotozafindrabe, A., Ramello, L., Rami, F., Raniwala, R., Raniwala, S., Räsänen, S. S., Rascanu, B. T., Rath, R., Ratza, V., Ravasenga, I., Read, K. F., Redlich, K., Rehman, A., Reichelt, P., Reidt, F., Ren, X., Renfordt, R., Reshetin, A., Revol, J. -P., Reygers, K., Riabov, V., Richert, T., Richter, M., Riedler, P., Riegler, W., Riggi, F., Ristea, C., Rode, S. P., Rodríguez Cahuantzi, M., Røed, K., Rogalev, R., Rogochaya, E., Rohr, D., Röhrich, D., Rokita, P. S., Ronchetti, F., Rosas, E. D., Roslon, K., Rosnet, P., Rossi, A., Rotondi, A., Roukoutakis, F., Roy, A., Roy, P., Rueda, O. V., Rui, R., Rumyantsev, B., Rustamov, A., Ryabinkin, E., Ryabov, Y., Rybicki, A., Rytkonen, H., Sadhu, S., Sadovsky, S., Šafařík, K., Saha, S. K., Sahoo, B., Sahoo, P., Sahoo, R., Sahoo, S., Sahu, P. K., Saini, J., Sakai, S., Sambyal, S., Samsonov, V., Sandoval, A., Sarkar, A., Sarkar, D., Sarkar, N., Sarma, P., Sarti, V. M., Sas, M. H. P., Scapparone, E., Schaefer, B., Schambach, J., Scheid, H. S., Schiaua, C., Schicker, R., Schmah, A., Schmidt, C., Schmidt, H. R., Schmidt, M. O., Schmidt, M., Schmidt, N. V., Schmier, A. R., Schukraft, J., Schutz, Y., Schwarz, K., Schweda, K., Scioli, G., Scomparin, E., Šefčík, M., Seger, J. E., Sekiguchi, Y., Sekihata, D., Selyuzhenkov, I., Senyukov, S., Serebryakov, D., Serradilla, E., Sett, P., Sevcenco, A., Shabanov, A., Shabetai, A., Shahoyan, R., Shaikh, W., Shangaraev, A., Sharma, A., Sharma, H., Sharma, M., Sharma, N., Sheikh, A. I., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shirinkin, S., Shou, Q., Sibiriak, Y., Siddhanta, S., Siemiarczuk, T., Silvermyr, D., Silvestre, C., Simatovic, G., Simonetti, G., Singh, R., Singh, V. K., Singhal, V., Sinha, T., Sitar, B., Sitta, M., Skaali, T. B., Slupecki, M., Smirnov, N., Snellings, R. J. M., Snellman, T. W., Sochan, J., Soncco, C., Song, J., Songmoolnak, A., Soramel, F., Sorensen, S., Sputowska, I., Stachel, J., Stan, I., Stankus, P., Steffanic, P. J., Stenlund, E., Stocco, D., Storetvedt, M. M., Strmen, P., Suaide, A. A. P., Sugitate, T., Suire, C., Suleymanov, M., Suljic, M., Sultanov, R., Šumbera, M., Sumowidagdo, S., Suzuki, K., Swain, S., Szabo, A., Szarka, I., Tabassam, U., Taillepied, G., Takahashi, J., Tambave, G. J., Tang, S., Tarhini, M., Tarzila, M. G., Tauro, A., Tejeda Muñoz, G., Telesca, A., Terrevoli, C., Thakur, D., Thakur, S., Thomas, D., Thoresen, F., Tieulent, R., Tikhonov, A., Timmins, A. R., Toia, A., Topilskaya, N., Toppi, M., Torales-Acosta, F., Torres, S. R., Trifiro, A., Tripathy, S., Tripathy, T., Trogolo, S., Trombetta, G., Tropp, L., Trubnikov, V., Trzaska, W. H., Trzcinski, T. P., Trzeciak, B. A., Tsuji, T., Tumkin, A., Turrisi, R., Tveter, T. S., Ullaland, K., Umaka, E. N., Uras, A., Usai, G. L., Utrobicic, A., Vala, M., Valle, N., Vallero, S., van der Kolk, N., van Doremalen, L. V. R., van Leeuwen, M., Vande Vyvre, P., Varga, D., Varga, Z., Varga-Kofarago, M., Vargas, A., Vargyas, M., Varma, R., Vasileiou, M., Vasiliev, A., Vázquez Doce, O., Vechernin, V., Veen, A. M., Vercellin, E., Vergara Limón, S., Vermunt, L., Vernet, R., Vértesi, R., Vicencio, M. G. D. L. C., Vickovic, L., Viinikainen, J., Vilakazi, Z., Villalobos Baillie, O., Villatoro Tello, A., Vino, G., Vinogradov, A., Virgili, T., Vislavicius, V., Vodopyanov, A., Volkel, B., Völkl, M. A., Voloshin, K., Voloshin, S. A., Volpe, G., von Haller, B., Vorobyev, I., Voscek, D., Vrláková, J., Wagner, B., Weber, M., Weber, S. G., Wegrzynek, A., Weiser, D. F., Wenzel, S. C., Wessels, J. P., Widmann, E., Wiechula, J., Wikne, J., Wilk, G., Wilkinson, J., Willems, G. A., Willsher, E., Windelband, B., Witt, W. E., Wu, Y., Xu, R., Yalcin, S., Yamakawa, K., Yang, S., Yano, S., Yin, Z., Yokoyama, H., Yoo, I. -K., Yoon, J. H., Yuan, S., Yuncu, A., Yurchenko, V., Zaccolo, V., Zaman, A., Zampolli, C., Zanoli, H. J. C., Zardoshti, N., Zarochentsev, A., Závada, P., Zaviyalov, N., Zbroszczyk, H., Zhalov, M., Zhang, X., Zhang, Z., Zhao, C., Zherebchevskii, V., Zhigareva, N., Zhou, D., Zhou, Y., Zhou, Z., Zhu, J., Zhu, Y., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, M. B., Zinovjev, G., and Zurlo, N.

Subjects
Kjerne- og elementærpartikkelfysikk: 431 [VDP], Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Hadron, parton [strangeness], Nuclear Theory, strangeness: parton, strange hadron production, momentum spectrum [transverse momentum], strange hadron production, multiplicity, pp collisions, LHC, nucl-ex, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, transverse momentum: momentum spectrum, estimator, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), ALICE, p-p, scattering [p p], [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], multiplicity, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), hadron: production, parton: interaction, Nuclear Experiment, Monte Carlo, Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, High-Energy Physycs, LHC, Large Hadron Collider, rapidity: difference, production [strangeness], Strangeness production, VDP::Kjerne- og elementærpartikkelfysikk: 431, multiplicity: dependence, P-PB COLLISIONS, Charged particle, 3. Good health, PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Fizika, difference [rapidity], CERN LHC Coll, Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431 [VDP], VDP::Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431, Pseudorapidity, SIMULATION, LHC, pp collisions, Particle Physics - Experiment, Particle physics, p p: scattering, quantum chromodynamics: string, FOS: Physical sciences, high [multiplicity], lcsh:Astrophysics, Strangeness, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 114 Physical sciences, charged particle: multiplicity, multiplicity [charged particle], (multi-)strange hadron, p-p collision, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QB460-466, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, ddc:530, Multiplicity (chemistry), 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), interaction [parton], hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, multiplicity: high, NATURAL SCIENCES. Physics, dependence [multiplicity], string [quantum chromodynamics], 13000 GeV-cms/nucleon, lcsh:QC770-798, strangeness: production, High Energy Physics::Experiment, production [hadron], experimental results
Abstract

The production rates and the transverse momentum distribution of strange hadrons at mid-rapidity ($\ |y\ | < 0.5$) are measured in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV as a function of the charged particle multiplicity, using the ALICE detector at the LHC. The production rates of $\rm{K}^{0}_{S}$, $\Lambda$, $\Xi$, and $\Omega$ increase with the multiplicity faster than what is reported for inclusive charged particles. The increase is found to be more pronounced for hadrons with a larger strangeness content. Possible auto-correlations between the charged particles and the strange hadrons are evaluated by measuring the event-activity with charged particle multiplicity estimators covering different pseudorapidity regions. When comparing to lower energy results, the yields of strange hadrons are found to depend only on the mid-rapidity charged particle multiplicity. Several features of the data are reproduced qualitatively by general purpose QCD Monte Carlo models that take into account the effect of densely-packed QCD strings in high multiplicity collisions. However, none of the tested models reproduce the data quantitatively. This work corroborates and extends the ALICE findings on strangeness production in proton-proton collisions at 7 TeV., Comment: 36 pages, 14 captioned figures, 4 tables, authors from page 31, published version, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/5464

Published
2020
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30. Formation and dynamics of exotic hypernuclei in heavy-ion collisions

Author

Zhao-Qing Feng

Subjects
Coalescence (physics), Physics, Nuclear Theory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Projectile, Hyperon, Sigma, Strangeness production, FOS: Physical sciences, Lambda, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), 0103 physical sciences, Rapidity, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The dynamics of exotic hypernuclei in heavy-ion collisions has been investigated thoroughly with a microscopic transport model. All possible channels on hyperon ($\Lambda$, $\Sigma$ and $\Xi$) production near threshold energies are implemented in the transport model. The light complex fragments (Z$\leq$2) are constructed with the Wigner-function method. The classical phase-space coalescence is used for recognizing heavy nuclear and hyperfragments and the statistical model is taken for describing the decay process. The nuclear fragmentation reactions of the available experimental data from the ALADIN collaboration are well reproduced by the combined approach. It is found that the in-medium potentials of strange particles influence the strangeness production and fragment formation. The hyperfragments are mainly created in the projectile or target-like rapidity region and the yields are reduced about the 3-order magnitude in comparison to the nuclear fragments. The hypernuclear dynamics of HypHI data is well described with the model. The possible experiments for producing the neutron-rich hyperfragments at the high-intensity heavy-ion accelerator facility (HIAF) are discussed., Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures

Published
2020
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31. Recent Results from HADES

Author

M. Lorenz

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Light nucleus, Neutron star, Nuclear Theory, Time evolution, Strangeness production, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Radiation, Nuclear Experiment, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

HADES measured Au+Au collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.4\) GeV, which probe very similar temperature and density regions during their time evolution as neutron star merger. Measurements of light nuclei, which contribute to the bulk of the created matter at this energy, as well as rare and penetrating probes like dilepton radiation and strangeness production are presented. In addition, with the start of the FAIR Phase-0 program, new high-statistic data of Ag+Ag collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.55\) GeV have been collected in March 2019.

Published
2020
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32. Strangeness production with ALICE at the LHC

Author

Maria Vasileiou

Subjects
Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Hadron, Nuclear Theory, Strangeness production, Strangeness, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Particle identification, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Hadronization, Nuclear physics, Baryon, Pion, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The main goal of the ALICE experiment is to study the physics of strongly interacting matter under extremely high temperature and energy density conditions to investigate the properties of the Quark-Gluon plasma (QGP). The enhanced production of strange hadrons with respect to non-strange particles was historically considered as one of the signatures of QGP formation during the evolution of the system created in heavy-ion collisions. The excellent tracking and particle identification capabilities of the ALICE experiment allow the reconstruction of multi-strange baryons via their weak decay channels over a large range of transverse momentum. The yields and the relative production rates of strange and multi-strange particles normalized to pions measured in pp, p-Pb, Pb-Pb and Xe-Xe collisions are presented as a function of particle multiplicity. The strangeness production dependence on the collision energy is also shown. Results are compared to QCD-inspired and statistical hadronization model predictions. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Published
2020

33. Strangeness Production with Respect to High Momentum Hadrons in pp and p-Pb Collisions with ALICE at the LHC

Author

Justin Thomas Blair

Subjects
Physics, Strange quark, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Strangeness production, Strangeness, nucl-ex, Lambda, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Multiplicity (chemistry), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

In order to understand strangeness production mechanisms, one can study the correlations of hadrons with hidden strangeness (e.g. the $\phi$ meson) and open strangeness ($\mathrm{K}^{0}_{\mathrm{S}}$, $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda}$) in hard (jet) processes and in soft (bulk) processes. Two-particle angular correlations with $\mathrm{K}^{0}_{\mathrm{S}}$ triggers allow for the study of fragmentation in pp collisions as a function of multiplicity. Similarly, correlations with associated $\phi$ mesons in p-Pb collisions allow both the jet and the underlying event components of strange particle production to be probed. Presented are $\mathrm{K}^{0}_{\mathrm{S}}$-h correlations measured by ALICE in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV, and h-$\phi$ correlations measured in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 5.02$ TeV., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figues, Proceedings for Strangeness in Quark Matter (SQM 2019)

Published
2020
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34. Prospects for the study of the strangeness production within the PHQMD model

Author

V. Vasendina, V. Kireyeu, J. Aichelin, A. Mudrokh, Elena Bratkovskaya, A. Zinchenko, V. Kolesnikov, Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Physics, History, Particle physics, heavy ion: scattering, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Strangeness production, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science Applications, Education, hypernucleus: production, NICA, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], 0103 physical sciences, transport theory, Physics::Accelerator Physics, parton hadron, strangeness: production, ddc:530, quantum molecular dynamics, numerical calculations, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

International audience; Strangeness and hypernuclei production in heavy-ion collisions is presently under active experimental and theoretical investigation and is of particular interest for the experiments at the new acceleration complex NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) which is under construction at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, Russia). We study the production of (hyper)nuclei in the NICA energy range using a novel n-body dynamical transport approach called Parton-Hadron-Quantum-Molecular Dynamics (PHQMD).

Published
2020
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35. Studies of hyperon production in HADES - cascade production

Author

Joanna Kuboś

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear reaction, Range (particle radiation), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Hyperon, Strangeness production, Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, Cascade, 0103 physical sciences, Production (computer science), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Production of the doubly strange \(\varXi ^{-}\) hyperon, known as a cascade particle, has been investigated in nuclear reactions in a wide energy range. However, only the results for the energies above the threshold for cascade production in elementary collisions were known for a long time. The first measurement of the subthreshold \(\varXi ^-\) production was performed in heavy ion and nucleon-nucleus collisions by the HADES Collaboration. Because of the discrepancy between data and various model predictions deeper studies of the strangeness production, especially in elementary collisions near the threshold, are needed. In this paper simulations of the cascade production in proton-proton reaction at the beam kinetic energy of 4.5 GeV are presented. The results are relevant for the experiment planned by HADES with the upgraded setup during the FAIR-Phase 0 project.

Published
2020

36. Influence of anisotropic Λ/Σ creation on the Ξ− multiplicity in subthreshold proton–nucleus collisions

Author

György Wolf and M. Zétényi

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Subthreshold conduction, Nuclear Theory, Hyperon, Strangeness production, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, Baryon, Nuclear physics, medicine.anatomical_structure, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, Multiplicity (chemistry), 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Anisotropy, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleus, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

We present an analysis of Ξ− baryon production in subthreshold proton–nucleus (p+A) collisions in the framework of a BUU type transport model. We propose a new mechanism for Ξ production in the collision of a secondary Λ or Σ hyperon and a nucleon from the target nucleus. We find that the Ξ− multiplicity in p+A collisions is sensitive to the angular distribution of hyperon production in the primary N+N collision. Using reasonable assumptions on the unknown elementary cross sections we are able to reproduce the Ξ− multiplicity and the Ξ−/(Λ+Σ0) ratio obtained in the HADES experiment in p+Nb collisions at sNN= 3.2 GeV energy.

Published
2018

37. Strange particle production and hypernucleus formation in medium and high energy heavy-ion collisions

Author

Zhaoqing Feng

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Strange quark, Multidisciplinary, Phase space, Nuclear Theory, Hyperon, Strangeness production, Strangeness, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear matter, Kinetic energy, Hypernucleus
Abstract

The nuclear matter at supra-saturation densities might be created in medium and high energy heavy-ion collisions. The strangeness ingredient in dense nuclear matter impacts the equation of state and maybe exists in the neutron stars. On the other hand, heavy-ion collisions provide a unique way for producing the neutron-rich hypernuclides. In this article, the new progress on strangeness physics in heavy-ion collisions is reviewed. Possible experiments at the high-intensity heavy-ion accelerator facility (HIAF) are to be discussed, in particular on the topics of the high-density nuclear equation of state and hypernuclide in the neutron-rich domain. Within the framework of the Lanzhou quantum molecular dynamics (LQMD) model, the strangeness production and high-density nuclear equation of state in heavy-ion collisions near threshold energies has been investigated, i.e., for the reactions of $^{58}$Ni+$^{58}$Ni and $^{197}$Au+$^{197}$Au. The formation mechanism of $\Lambda$-hyperfragments in heavy-ion collisions is to be investigated. A coalescence approach is developed for constructing the primary fragments in phase space. The secondary decay process of the fragments is described by the well-known statistical code. The impacts of nuclear equation of state on the hyperfragment formation are discussed. The mass, charge and kinetic energy spectra of hypernuclides produced in heavy-ion collisions are thoroughly analyzed. It is found that the kaon yields in the high kinetic energy domain are useful for extracting the high-density nuclear equation of state. The $K^{+}$ yields are strongly suppressed with a hard equation of state. However, the hyperon production is weakly influenced by the incompressibility of nuclear matter. The $\Lambda$-nucleon potential impacts the hypernuclide formation, i.e., the attractive potential enhancing the hypernuclide yields. The heavy-ion collisions are available to produce the light mass neutron-rich hypernuclides and the mid-central collisions are favorable for the medium mass hypernuclide formation. Free hyperons are captured by nucleonic fragments to form hypernuclides in the domain of lower kinetic energies and narrower rapidities. A soft equation of state is available for producing the hyperfragments. The results are very valuable for the forthcoming hypernuclide physics at HIAF.

Published
2018
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39. Overview of recent results from HADES

Author

M. Lorenz

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Ion beam, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Strangeness production, Virtual particle, Strangeness, 01 natural sciences, Synchrotron, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Strange matter, Pion, law, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

HADES is a multi-purpose charged-particle detector operated at the SIS18 synchrotron located at the GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany. The provided ion beam energies of 1-2 A GeV are the lowest of all currently running heavy-ion experiments and result in the highest baryo-chemical potentials at freeze-out in case of Au+Au collisions. At this Quark Matter conference we presented results from Au+Au collisions at s NN = 2.4 GeV . The created system exhibits a very clear hierarchy in hadron yields, with about 100 protons, 10 pions, 10 −2 kaons and 10 −4 antikaons per event. The HADES program focuses on four main observables: (subthreshold) strangeness production, particle flow and its anisotropies, virtual photon emission and net-proton number fluctuations.

Published
2017
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40. ϕ meson production in Pb-Pb collisions atsNN=5.02 TeVwith ALICE at the LHC

Author

Ester Anna Rita Casula

Subjects
Physics, Quark, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Strangeness production, Phi meson, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Quark–gluon plasma, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Rapidity, Vector meson, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

Strangeness production is a key tool to understand the properties of the medium formed in heavy-ion collisions: an enhanced production of strange particles was early proposed as one of the signatures of the Quark-Gluon Plasma. The ϕ meson, due to its s s ‾ valence quark content, provides insight into strangeness production. The ALICE experiment has measured ϕ meson production in the dimuon channel in the forward rapidity region 2.5 y 4 in Pb–Pb collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV . The preliminary ϕ meson pT spectra for different centrality classes and the yield as a function of the collision centrality in the transverse momentum range 2 p T 7 GeV / c are presented. These results are also compared with the ones previously obtained in Pb–Pb collisions at s NN = 2.76 TeV .

Published
2017
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41. Strangeness production in Au(1.23 A GeV)+Au collisions

Author

H. Schuldes

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Strangeness production, Strangeness, Effective temperature, Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Transverse mass, Sub threshold, Multiplicity (chemistry), Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Beam energy
Abstract

We present first data on centrality dependent K + , K − and ϕ production in Au+Au collisions at a kinetic beam energy of 1.23 A GeV measured with HADES. We observe no significant increase of the K + / K − and ϕ / K − multiplicity ratios with centrality of the collision. The measured ϕ / K − ratio is found to be larger than results at higher energies. The significant ϕ feed-down contribution to the K − yield substantially softens the measured transverse mass spectrum of K − , explaining its lower observed effective temperature in comparison to the one of K + .

Published
2017
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42. Collective Phenomena in Heavy Ion Collisions

Author

Slavica Brkić and Mile Dželalija

Subjects
Physics, Quark, Particle physics, Strange quark, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Elliptic flow, Strangeness production, Nuclear matter, Hadronization, Nuclear physics, Quark–gluon plasma, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

To create conditions which ruled one billionth of a second after the Big Bang, it is necessary to heat and compact the nuclear matter. During the first microseconds after the Big Bang the universe went through such a phase transition at very high temperatures but very low net baryon density. At very high temperatures or densities, the hadrons melt and their constituents, the quarks and gluons, form a new phase of matter, the so called quark-gluon plasma. Relativistic heavy ion collisions aim to create a quark gluon plasma where quarks and gluons can move freely over volumes that are large in comparison to the typical size of a hadron. When the particles collide at high energies, it leads to the conversion of particle collision participants in a much heavier particle. If the energy density is large enough, after a collision occurs the formation of quark-gluon plasma. In the dense nuclear medium, it comes to collective phenomena such as increased production of strangeness, damping charmonium and collective motion of particles. In nuclear medium, it comes to individual collision of quarks, which also hadronize. Using simulation package Pythia, we analyzed the reaction system that results in individual collisions of quarks and antiquarks, and emergence of collective phenomena.

Published
2017
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43. Strangeness production and nuclear modification at LHC energies

Author

Oliver Busch

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Strange quark, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Hyperon, Strangeness production, Strangeness, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, Pion, Pseudorapidity, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

We report results on strangeness production in Pb–Pb collisions at s NN = 2.76 TeV , p-Pb collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV and pp collisions at s = 7 TeV from the ALICE collaboration. In heavy-ion collisions, the nuclear modification factor RAA of charged pions, kaons and protons shows a strong, centrality dependent suppression with respect to pp collisions. RAA for Ξ is similar to the one for protons. In 0–10% central collisions, RAA for Ω is significantly higher than RAA for Ξ and exceeds unity. The hyperon-to-pion yields measured in pp collisions as a function of the pseudorapidity density of primary charged particles at midrapidity exhibit a pronounced multiplicity dependence similar to p–Pb collisions. The production rate of strange particles increases faster with multiplicity than that of non-strange hadrons. No enhancement is observed for particles with no strange quark content, demonstrating that the observed effect is strangeness rather than mass related.

Published
2017
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44. S wave hidden charm–hidden strangeness production in e+e− annihilation

Author

Mikhail B Voloshin

Subjects
Physics, Quark, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Annihilation, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, Strangeness production, Strangeness, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, S-wave, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Charm (quantum number), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Range (computer programming)
Abstract

It is suggested that the recently observed enhancement of the relative yield in $e^+e^-$ annihilation of states with hidden charm and hidden strangeness above 4.43\,GeV is associated with the $S$ wave production of the charmed strange meson pairs $D_{s0}(2317) \bar D_s^* + {\rm c.c.}$ and $D_{s1}^*(2460) \bar D_s+ {\rm c.c.}$. This mechanism implies a pattern of breaking of the Heavy Quark Spin Symmetry (HQSS) that can be tested in the final channels such as $\eta_c(1S) \phi$, $h_c(1P) \eta $, $h_c(1P) \eta' $ produced in the same energy range., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

Published
2018
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45. Strangeness Production in Jets and Underlying Events in pp Collisions at \(\sqrt{s} = 13\) TeV with ALICE

Author

Pengyao Cui

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Strangeness production, Lambda, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, Transverse momentum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Production (computer science), ALICE (propellant), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The production of $\mathrm{K^0_S}$, $\Lambda$ and $\Xi$ is measured in jets and underlying events in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with ALICE detectors. The corresponding $\Lambda/\mathrm{K^0_S}$ and $\Xi/\Lambda$ ratios are presented as a function of transverse momentum. The hard scatterings are tagged by charged-particle jets ,which are reconstructed with the anti-$k_\mathrm{T}$ algorithm using a resolution parameter $R$ = 0.4. The flow-like correlations and the enhanced production of multi-strange hadrons in small colliding systems may be described by soft components., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures

Published
2019
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46. Hadronic resonances production with ALICE at the LHC

Author

Sushanta Tripathy

Subjects
Physics, Quark, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, hep-ex, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Strangeness production, hep-ph, Quantum number, nucl-ex, Spectral line, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Nuclear Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Multiplicity (chemistry), Centrality, Nuclear Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment, Particle Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Measurements of the production of short-lived hadronic resonances are used to probe the properties of the late hadronic phase in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Since these resonances have lifetimes comparable to that of the fireball, they are sensitive to the competing effects of particle re-scattering and regeneration in the hadronic gas, which modify the observed particle momentum distributions and yields after hadronisation. Having different masses, quantum numbers and quark content, hadronic resonances carry a wealth of information on different aspects of ion-ion collisions, including the processes that determine the shapes of particle momentum spectra, insight into strangeness production and collective effects in small collision systems. We present the most recent ALICE results on $\rho(770)^{0}$, K*(892)$^{0}$, $\phi(1020)$, $\Sigma(1385)^{\pm}$, $\Lambda(1520)$, $\Xi(1530)^{0}$ and $\Xi(1820)$ production at the LHC. They include measurements performed in pp, p--Pb and Pb--Pb collisions at different energies, as well as the latest results from the LHC Run 2 with Xe--Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.44 TeV and with Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV. Collision energy, centrality and multiplicity differential measurements integrated yields and particle ratios are discussed in detail. A critical overview of these results are given through comparisons to measurements from other experiments and theoretical models., Comment: Proceedings of "The 18th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter (SQM 2019)", 10-15 June 2019, Bari (Italy)

Published
2019

47. An insight into strangeness with $\phi$(1020) production in small to large collision systems with ALICE at the LHC

Author

Sushanta Tripathy

Subjects
Quark, Physics, Strange quark, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Meson, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, Nuclear Theory, Strangeness production, Strangeness, nucl-ex, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 0103 physical sciences, Bound state, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Hadronic resonances are unique tools to investigate the interplay of re-scattering and regeneration effects in the hadronic phase of heavy-ion collisions. As the $\phi$ meson has a longer lifetime compared to other resonances, it is expected that its production will not be affected by regeneration and re-scattering processes. Measurements in small collision systems such as proton-proton (pp) collisions provide a necessary baseline for heavy-ion data and help to tune pQCD inspired event generators. Given that the $\phi$ is a bound state of strange-antistrange quark pair (s$\bar{\rm{s}}$), measurements of its production can contribute to the study of strangeness production. Recent results obtained by using the ALICE detector show that although $\phi$ has zero net strangeness content, it behaves like a particle with open strangeness in small collision systems and the experimental results agree with thermal model predictions in large systems. The production mechanism of $\phi$ is yet to be understood. We report on measurements with the ALICE detector at the LHC of $\phi$ meson production in pp, p--Pb, Xe--Xe and Pb--Pb collisions. These results are reported for minimum bias event samples and as a function of the charged particle multiplicity or centrality. The results include the transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) distributions of $\phi$ as well as the $\langle p_{\rm T}\rangle$ and particle yield ratios. The $\phi$ effective strangeness will be discussed in relation to descriptions of its production mechanism, such as strangeness canonical suppression, non-equilibrium production of strange quarks and thermal models., Comment: 6 pages, 6 captioned figures, conference proceedings (23rd DAE-BRNS High Energy Physics Symposium 2018)

Published
2019

48. Strangeness production via resonances in heavy-ion collisions at energies available at the GSI Schwerionensynchrotron

Author

D. Oliinychenko, Hannah Elfner, Vinzent Steinberg, Jan Staudenmaier, Ö. Erkiner, and F. Li

Subjects
Physics, nucl-th, Spectrometer, Branching fraction, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Molecular, Strangeness production, Resonance, Atomic, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Particle and Plasma Physics, Mass spectrum, Nuclear, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Invariant mass, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Author(s): Steinberg, V; Staudenmaier, J; Oliinychenko, D; Li, F; Erkiner, O; Elfner, H | Abstract: Production of strange hadrons in elementary and heavy-ion reactions is studied with the hadronic transport approach called simulating many accelerated strongly interacting hadrons. The poorly known branching ratios of the relevant hadronic resonances are constrained from the known elementary hadronic cross sections and from invariant mass spectra of dileptons. The constrained model is employed as a baseline to compare to heavy-ion-collision experiments at low energies [Ekin=(1-2)AGeV] and to predict some of the upcoming pion-beam results at the High-Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer, which are expected to be sensitive to the resonance properties. The employed vacuum-resonance approach proves to be viable for small systems at these energies, but for large systems additional in-medium effects might be required.

Published
2019
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49. Discovery of Quark-Gluon-Plasma: Strangeness Diaries

Author

Johann Rafelski

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Strange quark, Large Hadron Collider, nucl-th, Nuclear Theory, General Physics and Astronomy, Strangeness production, FOS: Physical sciences, hep-ph, Observable, Strangeness, Nuclear matter, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Nuclear Physics - Theory, Quark–gluon plasma, State of matter, General Materials Science, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Nuclear Experiment, Particle Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We look from a theoretical perspective at the new phase of matter, quark-gluon plasma (QGP), the new form of nuclear matter created at high temperature and pressure. Here I retrace the path to QGP discovery and its exploration in terms of strangeness production and strange particle signatures. We will see the theoretical arguments that have been advanced to create interest in this determining signature of QGP. We explore the procedure used by several experimental groups making strangeness production an important tool in the search and discovery of this primordial state of matter present in the Universe before matter in its present form was formed. We close by looking at both the ongoing research that increases the reach of this observable to LHC energy scale $pp$ collisions, and propose an interpretation of these unexpected results., Comment: 142 pages, 46 graphic displays, accepted for publication in EPJ-ST

Published
2019
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50. Strangeness and hadronic resonance production in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions measured by ALICE at the LHC

Author

Jihye Song

Subjects
Physics, Strange quark, Large Hadron Collider, Scattering, Hadron, Nuclear Theory, Strangeness production, Resonance, Strangeness, Baryon, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The measurement of strangeness production is one of the powerful tools to study the thermal properties of the QGP and while strangeness enhancement is a well established experimental observation in heavy ion collisions, its interpretation is still debated. In particular the study of (multi-)strangeness particle production as a function of the event multiplicity in different collision systems, reported by ALICE, has shown a smooth increase of strange particle yields with respect to yields of non-strange particles. In this proceedings, we present the latest results on multiplicity-dependent strangeness production in different colliding systems at LHC energies. Furthermore, recent measurements of mesonic and baryonic resonances will be presented to investigate how hadronic scattering processes affect measured resonance yields. The experimental results obtained in pp, p--Pb and Pb--Pb collisions will also be compared with the theoretical predictions.

Published
2019

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