Descriptor: "Strong interaction" / Topic: physics - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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3,760 results on '"Strong interaction"'

1. Identifying a characterized energy level structure of higher charmonium well matched to the peak structures in e+e− → π+D0D⁎−

Author: Jun-Zhang Wang and Xiang Liu
Subjects: Vector charmonium, Characterized hadron spectrum, Effective Lagrangian, Strong interaction, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Recent progresses on charmoniumlike state have significantly enriched the discovery of new hadronic states, providing exciting opportunities for further investigations into the fascinating realm of charmonium physics. In this letter, we focus on the vector charmonium family and perform a detailed analysis of the recently observed e+e−→π+D0D⁎− process. Our findings demonstrate a agreement between the observed peak structures and the predicted characterized energy level structure of higher vector charmonia including the ψ(4220), ψ(4380), ψ(4415), and ψ(4500), which are derived from an unquenched potential model. This discovery challenges conventional understanding of higher charmonia above 4 GeV and offers fresh insights into the dynamics of charm and anti-charm quarks in the formation of these states. Furthermore, the identification of these higher charmonia in the precisely measured π+D0D⁎− open-charm decay channel would serve as compelling evidence supporting the unquenched scenario and contribute to a deeper understanding of the nonperturbative aspects of the strong interaction.
Published: 2024
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2. A review of the low-energy K−-nucleus/nuclei interactions with light nuclei AMADEUS investigations

Author: Magdalena Skurzok, Michael Cargnelli, Raffaele del Grande, Laura Fabbietti, Carlo Guaraldo, Johann Marton, Paweł Moskal, Kristian Piscicchia, Alessandro Scordo, Michał Silarski, Diana Laura Sirghi, Oton Vazquez Doce, Johann Zmeskal, Sławomir Wycech, Paolo Branchini, Eryk Czerwiński, Xiaolin Kang, Giuseppe Mandaglio, Matteo Martini, Andrea Selce, and Catalina Curceanu
Subjects: strangeness, kaon absorption, antikaon interactions in nuclear matter, strong interaction, cross section, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The AMADEUS Collaboration conducts research aimed to experimentally investigate the low-energy K− hadronic interactions with light nuclei like hydrogen, helium, and carbon, in order to provide new constraints to the antikaon-nucleon strong interaction studies in the non-perturbative quantum chromodynamics regime. K− nuclear absorption, both at-rest and in-flight, are explored using the unique low-momentum and monochromatic kaon beam from the DAΦNE collider interacting with the KLOE detector components, a detector characterized by high acceptance and excellent position and momentum resolutions. This paper presents an overview of the AMADEUS results.
Published: 2023
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3. Bayesian inference of real-time dynamics from lattice QCD

Author: Alexander Rothkopf
Subjects: Bayesian inference, lattice QCD, spectral functions, strong interaction, inverse problem, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The computation of dynamical properties of nuclear matter, ranging from parton distribution functions of nucleons and nuclei to transport properties in the quark-gluon plasma, constitutes a central goal of modern theoretical physics. This real-time physics often defies a perturbative treatment and the most successful strategy so far is to deploy lattice QCD simulations. These numerical computations are based on Monte-Carlo sampling and formulated in an artificial Euclidean time. Real-time physics is most conveniently formulated in terms of spectral functions, which are hidden in lattice QCD behind an ill-posed inverse problem. I will discuss state-of-the art methods in the extraction of spectral functions from lattice QCD simulations, based on Bayesian inference and emphasize the importance of prior domain knowledge, vital to regularizing the otherwise ill-posed extraction task. With Bayesian inference allowing us to make explicit the uncertainty in both observations and in our prior knowledge, a systematic estimation of the total uncertainties in the extracted spectral functions is nowadays possible. Two implementations of the Bayesian Reconstruction (BR) method for spectral function extraction, one for MAP point estimates and one based on an open access Monte-Carlo sampler are provided. I will briefly touch on the use of machine learning for spectral function reconstruction and discuss some new insight it has brought to the Bayesian community.
Published: 2022
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4. Universal scale factors relating mesonic fields and quark operators.

Author: Fariborz, Amir H., Ho, J., and Steele, T. G.
Subjects: *QUARKS, *MESONS, *PHYSICS, *HADRONS, *SYMMETRY, *LATTICE field theory, *ALGEBRAIC field theory
Abstract: Scale factor matrices relating mesonic fields in chiral Lagrangians and quark-level operators of QCD sum-rules are shown to be constrained by chiral symmetry, resulting in universal scale factors for each chiral nonet. Built upon this interplay between chiral Lagrangians and QCD sum-rules, the scale factors relating the a 0 isotriplet scalar mesons to their underlying composite quark fields were recently determined. It is shown that the same technique when applied to K 0 ∗ isodoublet scalars reproduces the same scale factors, confirming the universality property and further validating this connection between chiral Lagrangians and QCD sum-rules, which can have nontrivial impacts on our understanding of the low-energy QCD, in general, and the physics of scalar mesons in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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5. Quantum dynamics of impurities in a Bose-Einstein condensate

Author: Javed Akram
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Quantum optics, Quantum Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Other, Oscillation, Phonon, Quantum dynamics, Strong interaction, General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, law.invention, Coupling (physics), law, Impurity, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Bose–Einstein condensate
Abstract: We study the quantum dynamics of the two impurities in a trapped quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). We explore the effect of impurity-BEC and impurity-impurity interaction strengths on the dynamics of impurities inside the Bose-Einstein condensate. By studying the auto-correlation function of impurities and the BEC, we analyze and quantify the trapping of impurities inside the BEC. We find out that for the small value of inter-species coupling strength the BEC starts to oscillate inside the trap. For mild coupling strengths, attractive and repulsive impurities are captured after a few cycles of oscillation inside the BEC. In the strong interaction strength regime, the to-and-fro motion of impurities is suppressed quite fast. Our conclusion indicates that quench dynamics can be a tool for studying impurity BEC interactions or impurity-impurity interactions. Our analysis shows that the generation of phonon, shock waves, soliton trains, and self-trapping is strongly dependent on the impurity-BEC coupling coefficient.
Published: 2022

6. Self-organization and stability of magnetosome chains—A simulation study.

Author: Kiani, Bahareh, Faivre, Damien, and Klumpp, Stefan
Subjects: *MAGNETOSOMES, *MAGNETOTACTIC bacteria, *CYTOSKELETON, *MOLECULAR self-assembly, *CELL division
Abstract: Magnetotactic bacteria orient in magnetic fields with the help of their magnetosome chain, a linear structure of membrane enclosed magnetic nanoparticles (magnetosomes) anchored to a cytoskeletal filament. Here, we use simulations to study the assembly and the stability of magnetosome chains. We introduce a computational model describing the attachment of the magnetosomes to the filament and their magnetic interactions. We show that the filamentous backbone is crucial for the robust assembly of the magnetic particles into a linear chain, which in turn is key for the functionality of the chain in cellular orientation and magnetically directed swimming. In addition, we simulate the response to an external magnetic field that is rotated away from the axis of the filament, an experimental method used to probe the mechanical stability of the chain. The competition between alignment along the filament and alignment with the external fields leads to the rupture of a chain if the applied field exceeeds a threshold value. These observations are in agreement with previous experiments at the population level. Beyond that, our simulations provide a detailed picture of chain rupture at the single cell level, which is found to happen through two abrupt events, which both depend on the field strength and orientation. The re-formation of the chain structure after such rupture is found to be strongly sped up in the presence of a magnetic field parallel to the filament, an observation that may also be of interest for the design of self-healing materials. Our simulations underline the dynamic nature of the magnetosome chain. More generally, they show the rich complexity of self-assembly in systems with competing driving forces for alignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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7. An Analytical Solution for Seismic Interaction between Urban River-Canyon Topography and Nearby Buildings

Author: Xujin Liu, Su Chen, Liguo Jin, and Zhenghua Zhou
Subjects: Canyon, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Article Subject, Physics, QC1-999, Mechanical Engineering, Analytic model, Strong interaction, Foundation (engineering), Weak interaction, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Condensed Matter Physics, Peak response, Mechanics of Materials, Position (vector), Shear wall, Geology, Seismology, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: The interaction between urban river-canyon topography and the river-side building is investigated by using a whole analytic model of a semicircle river-canyon and a shear wall supported by a semicircle rigid foundation embedded in a homogenous half-space. The closed-form analytical solution for system response is presented based on the wave function expansion method. The analysis focuses on the effects of the canyon-building interaction on system response. The strength of the interaction between the river-canyon topography and the building changes periodically as the distance between the canyon and the structure increases, leading to the interaction having beneficial or harmful effects on the building’s seismic response. The foundation peak response of the building can be amplified by about 10%, and the peak of the building relative response can be amplified by about 40%. The distribution of canyon-structure spacing with strong or weak interaction is closely related to the dynamic characteristics of the building and the incident angle of the wave. When designing buildings along the river, the building and canyon should be analyzed as a whole model to determine whether the location of the building is in a position with strong interaction with the river-canyon. The model in this paper may be useful for obtaining insight into the effects of canyon-structure interaction and interpreting the observed response in buildings and seismic response estimation in general.
Published: 2021
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8. Strong light–matter interaction in organic microcavity polaritons: essential criteria, design principles and typical configurations

Author: C. Vijayan, Dileep Kottilil, Wei Ji, and Anu Babusenan
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Quantum phase transition, Electromagnetic field, Physics, Field (physics), Condensed Matter::Other, Strong interaction, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Macroscopic quantum phenomena, Engineering physics, Superfluidity, Coupling (physics), Polariton, General Materials Science, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: Resonant light–matter interaction between a molecular transition and a confined electromagnetic field can result in strong coupling where a coherent exchange of energy between light and matter occurs to form a new set of particles called polaritons. Being hybrid particles, polaritons exhibit a wide variety of quantum phenomena such as Bose–Einstein condensation, superfluidity, quantum phase transitions and many others. Recent progress in fundamental understanding and technological advancement in the field of polariton physics has allowed scientists to design and develop many impressive experimental configurations to obtain new insights into the strong interaction of light and matter in different material systems. Among all polariton configurations, microcavity polaritons based on organic materials have been emerging as a promising platform to easily achieve strong light–matter coupling at ambient conditions due to their unique properties compared to the conventional inorganic polariton systems. This mini review covers design principles and typical configurations of organic microcavity polaritons with a short tutorial on essential conditions to be satisfied for the strong coupling regime.
Published: 2021
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9. Localized patterns and semi-strong interaction, a unifying framework for reaction–diffusion systems

Author: Nicolas Verschueren, Alan R Champneys, and Fahad Al Saadi
Subjects: Physics, Chemical physics, Applied Mathematics, Strong interaction, Reaction–diffusion system
Abstract: Systems of activator–inhibitor reaction–diffusion equations posed on an infinite line are studied using a variety of analytical and numerical methods. A canonical form is considered, which contains all known models with simple cubic autocatalytic nonlinearity and arbitrary constant and linear kinetics. Restricting attention to models that have a unique homogeneous equilibrium, this class includes the classical Schnakenberg and Brusselator models, as well as other systems proposed in the literature to model morphogenesis. Such models are known to feature Turing instability, when activator diffuses more slowly than inhibitor, leading to stable spatially periodic patterns. Conversely in the limit of small feed rates, semi-strong interaction asymptotic analysis shows existence of isolated spike-like patterns. This paper describes the broad bifurcation structures that connect these two regimes. A certain universal two-parameter state diagram is revealed in which the Turing bifurcation becomes sub-critical, leading to the onset of homoclinic snaking. This regime then morphs into the spike regime, with the outer-fold being predicted by the semi-strong asymptotics. A rescaling of parameters and field concentrations shows how this state diagram can be studied independently of the diffusion rates. Temporal dynamics is found to strongly depend on the diffusion ratio though. A Hopf bifurcation occurs along the branch of stable spikes, which is subcritical for small diffusion ratio, leading to collapse to the homogeneous state. As the diffusion ratio increases, this bifurcation typically becomes supercritical and interacts with the homoclinic snaking and also with a supercritical homogeneous Hopf bifurcation, leading to complex spatio-temporal dynamics. The details are worked out for a number of different models that fit the theory using a mixture of weakly nonlinear analysis, semi-strong asymptotics and different numerical continuation algorithms.
Published: 2021
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10. Strong Interaction Effects in the Emission Spectra of a Quantum Dot Coupled to a Phonon Reservoir

Author: Aigul A. Mutygullina, L. Ya. Nabieva, R. Kh. Gainutdinov, A. Shirdelkhavar, A. I. Garifullin, and M Kh Salakhov
Subjects: Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Solid-state physics, Quantum dot, Phonon, Quantum mechanics, Exciton, Strong interaction, Emission spectrum, Perturbation theory, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Boson
Abstract: The effects of the interaction of a single quantum dot exciton with a reservoir of acoustic phonons are studied beyond perturbation theory. In the case of strong interactions, the independent boson model becomes inapplicable. A generalization of this model to the case of the strong interaction of the exciton with the reservoir of acoustic phonons is proposed. The self-energy function of a quantum dot is calculated beyond perturbation theory and the Markov approximation. The importance of going beyond perturbation theory is demonstrated in the emission spectra of the single quantum dot.
Published: 2021
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11. Nucleon Electromagnetic Form Factors at BESIII

Author: P. Larin
Subjects: Phase difference, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Proton, Nuclear Theory, Magnetic form factor, Strong interaction, Momentum transfer, Observable, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract: The electromagnetic form factors (EMFFs) of the nucleon represent the simplest structure observables and serve as a testing ground for our understanding of the strong interaction. Using 669 pb−1 of data collected for a momentum transfer q2 (= −Q2) between 4.0 and 9.5 GeV2, the BESIII experiment obtained the most precise results on the nucleon magnetic form factor GM (the EMFF ratio Rem) up to date, with a relative precision of 1.8% (3.4%) for the proton and preliminary results with 8.9% (28%) for the neutron. An interesting oscillating behavior has been observed in the effective FF for both proton and neutron after the subtraction of the dipole-like parameterization, with an almost orthogonal phase difference between proton and neutron, indicating an unknown intrinsic dynamic hidden in the nucleon structure.
Published: 2021
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12. X-ray Detectors for Kaonic Atoms Research at DAΦNE

Author: Catalina Curceanu, Aidin Amirkhani, Ata Baniahmad, Massimiliano Bazzi, Giovanni Bellotti, Carolina Berucci, Damir Bosnar, Mario Bragadireanu, Michael Cargnelli, Alberto Clozza, Raffaele Del Grande, Carlo Fiorini, Francesco Ghio, Carlo Guaraldo, Mihail Iliescu, Masaiko Iwasaki, Paolo Levi Sandri, Johann Marton, Marco Miliucci, Pavel Moskal, Szymon Niedźwiecki, Shinji Okada, Dorel Pietreanu, Kristian Piscicchia, Alessandro Scordo, Hexi Shi, Michal Silarski, Diana Sirghi, Florin Sirghi, Magdalena Skurzok, Antonio Spallone, Hideyuki Tatsuno, Oton Vazquez Doce, Eberhard Widmann, and Johann Zmeskal
Subjects: kaonic atoms, strong interaction, X-ray detectors, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: This article presents the kaonic atom studies performed at the INFN National Laboratory of Frascati (Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell’INFN, LNF-INFN) since the opening of this field of research at the DA Φ NE collider in early 2000. Significant achievements have been obtained by the DA Φ NE Exotic Atom Research (DEAR) and Silicon Drift Detector for Hadronic Atom Research by Timing Applications (SIDDHARTA) experiments on kaonic hydrogen, which have required the development of novel X-ray detectors. The 2019 installation of the new SIDDHARTA-2 experiment to measure kaonic deuterium for the first time has been made possible by further technological advances in X-ray detection.
Published: 2019
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13. Recent progress on strong interaction phenomenology in high energy scatterings

Author: Shi-Yuan Li, Jun Jiang, Zong-Guo Si, Jian Wang, Yi Jin, Yan-Rui Liu, Tao Yao, and Qun Wu
Subjects: Physics, Theoretical physics, High energy, Multidisciplinary, Strong interaction, Phenomenology (particle physics)
Published: 2021
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14. Measurement of the neutron charge radius and the role of its constituents

Author: Martha Constantinou, Nikolaos Sparveris, Z. E. Meziani, Michael Paolone, and H. Atac
Subjects: Quark, Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Science, Strong interaction, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Electric charge, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Mathematics::Group Theory, Charge radius, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Connection (algebraic framework), Experimental nuclear physics, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, Multidisciplinary, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Electric form factor, General Chemistry, Theoretical nuclear physics, Quadrupole, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Atomic physics
Abstract: The neutron is a cornerstone in our depiction of the visible universe. Despite the neutron zero-net electric charge, the asymmetric distribution of the positively- (up) and negatively-charged (down) quarks, a result of the complex quark-gluon dynamics, lead to a negative value for its squared charge radius, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\langle {r}_{{\rm{n}}}^{2}\rangle$$\end{document}⟨rn2⟩. The precise measurement of the neutron’s charge radius thus emerges as an essential part of unraveling its structure. Here we report on a \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\langle {r}_{{\rm{n}}}^{2}\rangle$$\end{document}⟨rn2⟩ measurement, based on the extraction of the neutron electric form factor, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${G}_{{\rm{E}}}^{{\rm{n}}}$$\end{document}GEn, at low four-momentum transfer squared (Q2) by exploiting the long known connection between the N → Δ quadrupole transitions and the neutron electric form factor. Our result, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\langle {r}_{{\rm{n}}}^{2}\rangle =-0.110\pm 0.008\,({{\rm{fm}}}^{2})$$\end{document}⟨rn2⟩=−0.110±0.008(fm2), addresses long standing unresolved discrepancies in the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\langle {r}_{{\rm{n}}}^{2}\rangle$$\end{document}⟨rn2⟩ determination. The dynamics of the strong nuclear force can be viewed through the precise picture of the neutron’s constituent distributions that result into the non-zero \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\langle {r}_{{\rm{n}}}^{2}\rangle$$\end{document}⟨rn2⟩ value., The charge radius of nucleons provides information about their structure. Here the authors present a method, based values of neutron electric form factors, to determine the charge radius of the neutron and provide information on improving the uncertainty of neutron charge radius measurements
Published: 2021

15. Boosting Strong Coupling in a Hybrid WSe2 Monolayer–Anapole–Plasmon System

Author: Andrey E. Miroshnichenko, Khalil As'ham, Haroldo T. Hattori, I. A. M. Alani, and Lujun Huang
Subjects: Boosting (machine learning), Photon, Exciton, Strong interaction, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Molecular physics, 010309 optics, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, 0103 physical sciences, Monolayer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Plasmon, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Condensed Matter::Other, Scattering, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 3. Good health, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, 0210 nano-technology, Biotechnology
Abstract: The exciton–polaritonic states are generated by the strong interaction between photons and excitons in confined nanocavities. To achieve strong coupling between excitons in TMDCs and optical modes ...
Published: 2021
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16. Insight of the relation between Regge theory and Hadron dynamics

Author: Navjot Hothi and Shuchi Bisht
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Particle physics, Angular momentum, High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Strong interaction, General Physics and Astronomy, String theory, 01 natural sciences, Scattering amplitude, Regge theory, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Phenomenology (particle physics)
Abstract: In the present contribution, efforts are made to develop an insight between two verticals of strong interaction phenomenology, namely the archaic Regge theory and an avant-garde Hadron dynamics. Even before the advent of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), Regge theory served as an effective tool in the understanding of the high energy limit of hadronic scattering processes and thereby Hadron dynamics. Regge theory provided a study mathematical framework based upon the theory of the complex angular momentum. It related the high energy behaviour of hadronic scattering processes to the singularities of the scattering amplitude in the complex angular momentum plane. With the advent of QCD, Regge formalism was however shunted to the background. Perhaps, the development of large accelerator centres such as CERN and BNL have led to the detection of large number of hadronic resonances and thus have rekindled interest in the Regge Theory specifically with the aid of Regge trajectories which are traced from these resonances. Theoretical and experimental modelling of Regge theory are now proving to be a successful venture.
Published: 2021
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17. Nonlinear interaction between clustered unstable thermoacoustic modes in can-annular combustors

Author: Jakob G. R. von Saldern, Alessandro Orchini, and Jonas P. Moeck
Subjects: Physics, Coupling, Oscillation, Plane (geometry), Mechanical Engineering, General Chemical Engineering, Strong interaction, Acoustic wave, Mechanics, Nonlinear system, Boundary value problem, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Conservation of mass, Computer Science::Databases
Abstract: A can-annular combustor consists of a set of nominally identical cans, in which the flames burn in an essentially isolated manner. However, adjacent cans are able to communicate acoustically, which provides dynamic coupling of the entire can-annular arrangement. Recently, it was shown that the acoustic coupling is not negligible and can cause clustering of eigenfrequencies. In this study, we present a low-order modeling framework for self-excited thermoacoustic oscillations in generic can-annular combustors consisting of N identical cans. The dynamics of the flames are modeled with the nonlinear G-equation; the acoustic model accounts for plane acoustic waves inside the cans and can-to-can communication. The latter is enabled through a coupling boundary condition that is based on conservation of mass and a Rayleigh conductivity. For weak coupling between adjacent cans, the thermoacoustic feedback cycle shows clusters of linearly unstable modes of different azimuthal order, which are close in frequency and growth rate. Their interaction in the nonlinear regime is investigated using time-domain simulations. Two simulations for generic can-annular combustors consisting of 4 and 6 cans with weak acoustic coupling are discussed in this study. We observe a strong interaction between the modes, which can cause long transition times and allows modes that do not dominate the system dynamics in the linear regime to be dominant in the nonlinear regime. While the N = 6 case converges to a periodic oscillation pattern with one dominant frequency, the N = 4 case converges to a quasi-periodic oscillation involving modes of different azimuthal order. Moreover, we observe a synchronization of these modes. These results raise the questions whether it is possible to predict which mode(s) will dominate the system in the saturated state and under which conditions synchronization of clustered modes can occur.
Published: 2021
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18. Screening for interaction effects in gene expression data.

Author: Castaldi, Peter J., Cho, Michael H., Liang, Liming, Silverman, Edwin K., Hersh, Craig P., Rice, Kenneth, and Aschard, Hugues
Subjects: *GENE expression, *GENETIC testing, *MOLECULAR interactions, *MESSENGER RNA, *TRANSCRIPTION factors
Abstract: Expression quantitative trait (eQTL) studies are a powerful tool for identifying genetic variants that affect levels of messenger RNA. Since gene expression is controlled by a complex network of gene-regulating factors, one way to identify these factors is to search for interaction effects between genetic variants and mRNA levels of transcription factors (TFs) and their respective target genes. However, identification of interaction effects in gene expression data pose a variety of methodological challenges, and it has become clear that such analyses should be conducted and interpreted with caution. Investigating the validity and interpretability of several interaction tests when screening for eQTL SNPs whose effect on the target gene expression is modified by the expression level of a transcription factor, we characterized two important methodological issues. First, we stress the scale-dependency of interaction effects and highlight that commonly applied transformation of gene expression data can induce or remove interactions, making interpretation of results more challenging. We then demonstrate that, in the setting of moderate to strong interaction effects on the order of what may be reasonably expected for eQTL studies, standard interaction screening can be biased due to heteroscedasticity induced by true interactions. Using simulation and real data analysis, we outline a set of reasonable minimum conditions and sample size requirements for reliable detection of variant-by-environment and variant-by-TF interactions using the heteroscedasticity consistent covariance-based approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
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19. Predictive value of traction force measurement in vacuum extraction: Development of a multivariate prognostic model.

Author: Pettersson, Kristina, Yousaf, Khurram, Ranstam, Jonas, Westgren, Magnus, and Ajne, Gunilla
Subjects: *ENERGY measurement, *TRACTION (Engineering), *ACQUISITION of data, *MULTIVARIATE analysis, *MATHEMATICAL analysis, *PREDICTION models
Abstract: Objective: To enable early prediction of strong traction force vacuum extraction. Design: Observational cohort. Setting: Karolinska University Hospital delivery ward, tertiary unit. Population and sample size: Term mid and low metal cup vacuum extraction deliveries June 2012—February 2015, n = 277. Methods: Traction forces during vacuum extraction were collected prospectively using an intelligent handle. Levels of traction force were analysed pairwise by subjective category strong versus non-strong extraction, in order to define an objective predictive value for strong extraction. Statistical analysis: A logistic regression model based on the shrinkage and selection method lasso was used to identify the predictive capacity of the different traction force variables. Predictors: Total (time force integral, Newton minutes) and peak traction (Newton) force in the first to third pull; difference in traction force between the second and first pull, as well as the third and first pull respectively. Accumulated traction force at the second and third pull. Outcome: Subjectively categorized extraction as strong versus non-strong. Results: The prevalence of strong extraction was 26%. Prediction including the first and second pull: AUC 0,85 (CI 0,80–0,90); specificity 0,76; sensitivity 0,87; PPV 0,56; NPV 0,94. Prediction including the first to third pull: AUC 0,86 (CI 0,80–0,91); specificity 0,87; sensitivity 0,70; PPV 0,65; NPV 0,89. Conclusion: Traction force measurement during vacuum extraction can help exclude strong category extraction from the second pull. From the third pull, two-thirds of strong extractions can be predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
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20. Biomass Reallocation between Juveniles and Adults Mediates Food Web Stability by Distributing Energy Away from Strong Interactions.

Author: Caskenette, Amanda L. and McCann, Kevin S.
Subjects: *BIOMASS, *FOOD chains, *SPECIES distribution, *BIOLOGICAL productivity, *RENEWABLE energy sources
Abstract: Ecological theory has uncovered dynamical differences between food web modules (i.e. low species food web configurations) with only species-level links and food web modules that include within-species links (e.g. non-feeding links between mature and immature individuals) and has argued that these differences ought to cause food web theory that includes within-species links to contrast with classical food web theory. It is unclear, however, if life-history will affect the observed connection between interaction strength and stability in species-level theory. We show that when the predator in a species-level food chain is split into juvenile and adult stages using a simple nested approach, stage-structure can mute potentially strong interactions through the transfer of biomass within a species. Within-species biomass transfer distributes energy away from strong interactions promoting increased system stability consistent with classical food web theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
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21. Unveiling the strong interaction among hadrons at the LHC

Author: Acharya, Shreyasi, Adamova, Dagmar, Ahn, Sang Un, Bhattacharjee, Buddhadeb, Yurchenko, Volodymyr, Zaccolo, Valentina, Zaman, Ali, Zampolli, Chiara, Correia Zanoli, Henrique Jose, Zardoshti, Nima, Zarochentsev, Andrey, Zavada, Petr, Zavyalov, Nikolay, Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina, Bianchi, Antonio, Zhalov, Mikhail, Zhang, Song, Zhang, Xiaoming, Zhang, Zuman, Zherebchevskii, Vladimir, Yu, Zhi, Zhou, Daicui, Zhou, You, Zhou, Zhuo, Zhu, Jianhui, Bianchi, Livio, Zhu, Ya, Zichichi, Antonino, Zinovjev, Gennady, Zurlo, Nicola, ALICE Collaboration, Bianchi, Nicola, Bielcik, Jaroslav, Bielcikova, Jana, Bilandzic, Ante, Biro, Gabor, Biswas, Rathijit, Biswas, Saikat, Akbar, Zaenal, Blair, Justin Thomas, Blau, Dmitry, Blume, Christoph, Boca, Gianluigi, Bock, Friederike, Bogdanov, Alexey, Boi, Stefano, Bok, Jeongsu, Boldizsar, Laszlo, Bolozdynya, Alexander, Akindinov, Alexander, Bombara, Marek, Bonomi, Germano, Borel, Herve, Borissov, Alexander, Bossi, Hannah, Botta, Elena, Bratrud, Lars, Braun-munzinger, Peter, Bregant, Marco, Broz, Michal, Al-turany, Mohammad, Bruna, Elena, Bruno, Giuseppe Eugenio, Buckland, Matthew Daniel, Budnikov, Dmitry, Buesching, Henner, Bufalino, Stefania, Bugnon, Ophelie, Buhler, Paul Alois, Buncic, Predrag, Buthelezi, Edith Zinhle, Alam, Sk Noor, Bashir Butt, Jamila, Bysiak, Sebastian Adam, Caffarri, Davide, Caliva, Alberto, Calvo Villar, Ernesto, Mejia Camacho, Juan Manuel, Soto Camacho, Rabi, Camerini, Paolo, De Moraes Canedo, Fabio, Capon, Aaron Allan, Silva De Albuquerque, Danilo, Carnesecchi, Francesca, Caron, Robin Albert Andre, Castillo Castellanos, Javier Ernesto, Castro, Andrew John, Casula, Ester Anna Rita, Catalano, Fabio, Ceballos Sanchez, Cesar, Chakraborty, Pritam, Chandra, Sinjini, Chang, Wan, Aleksandrov, Dmitry, Chapeland, Sylvain, Chartier, Marielle, Chattopadhyay, Subhasis, Chattopadhyay, Sukalyan, Chauvin, Alex Henri Jean, Cheshkov, Cvetan Valeriev, Cheynis, Brigitte, Chibante Barroso, Vasco Miguel, Dobrigkeit Chinellato, David, Cho, Soyeon, Alessandro, Bruno, Chochula, Peter, Chowdhury, Tasnuva, Christakoglou, Panagiotis, Christensen, Christian Holm, Christiansen, Peter, Chujo, Tatsuya, Cicalo, Corrado, Cifarelli, Luisa, De Cilladi, Lorenzo, Cindolo, Federico, Alfanda, Haidar Mas'ud, Ciupek, Michael Rudolf, Clai, Giulia, Cleymans, Jean Willy Andre, Colamaria, Fabio Filippo, Colella, Domenico, Collu, Alberto, Colocci, Manuel, Concas, Matteo, Conesa Balbastre, Gustavo, Conesa Del Valle, Zaida, Alfaro Molina, Jose Ruben, Contin, Giacomo, Contreras Nuno, Jesus Guillermo, Cormier, Thomas Michael, Corrales Morales, Yasser, Cortese, Pietro, Cosentino, Mauro Rogerio, Costa, Filippo, Costanza, Susanna, Crochet, Philippe, Cuautle Flores, Eleazar, Adler, Alexander, Ali, Bushra, Cui, Pengyao, Cunqueiro Mendez, Leticia, Dabrowski, Daniel, Dahms, Torsten, Dainese, Andrea, Damas, Florian Paul Andre, Danisch, Meike Charlotte, Danu, Andrea, Das, Debasish, Das, Indranil, Ali, Yasir, Das, Prottay, Das, Prottoy, Das, Supriya, Dash, Ajay Kumar, Dash, Sadhana, De, Sudipan, De Caro, Annalisa, De Cataldo, Giacinto, De Cuveland, Jan, De Falco, Alessandro, Alici, Andrea, De Gruttola, Daniele, De Marco, Nora, De Pasquale, Salvatore, Deb, Suman, Franz Degenhardt, Hermann, Deja, Kamil Rafal, Deloff, Andrzej, Delsanto, Silvia, Deng, Wenjing, Dhankher, Preeti, Alizadehvandchali, Negin, Di Bari, Domenico, Di Mauro, Antonio, Arteche Diaz, Raul, Dietel, Thomas, Raisig, Pascal, Ding, Yanchun, Divia, Roberto, Dixit, Dhruv Utpalkumar, Djuvsland, Oeystein, Dmitrieva, Uliana, Alkin, Anton, Dobrin, Alexandru Florin, Donigus, Benjamin, Dordic, Olja, Dubey, Anand Kumar, Dubla, Andrea, Dudi, Sandeep, Mallick, Dukhishyam, Dupieux, Pascal, Ehlers Iii, Raymond James, Eikeland, Viljar Nilsen, Alme, Johan, Elia, Domenico, Erazmus, Barbara Ewa, Erhardt, Filip, Erokhin, Andrey, Ersdal, Magnus Rentsch, Espagnon, Bruno, Eulisse, Giulio, Evans, David, Evdokimov, Sergey, Fabbietti, Laura, Alt, Torsten, Faggin, Mattia, Faivre, Julien, Fan, Feng, Fantoni, Alessandra, Fasel, Markus, Fecchio, Pietro, Feliciello, Alessandro, Feofilov, Grigorii, Fernandez Tellez, Arturo, Ferrero, Andrea, Altenkamper, Lucas, Ferretti, Alessandro, Festanti, Andrea, Feuillard, Victor Jose Gaston, Figiel, Jan, Filchagin, Sergey, Finogeev, Dmitry, Fionda, Fiorella, Fiorenza, Gabriele, Flor, Fernando Antonio, Flores, Amanda Nicole, Altsybeev, Igor, Foertsch, Siegfried Valentin, Foka, Panagiota, Fokin, Sergey, Fragiacomo, Enrico, Frankenfeld, Ulrich Michael, Fuchs, Ulrich, Furget, Christophe, Furs, Artur, Fusco Girard, Mario, Gaardhoeje, Jens Joergen, Anaam, Mustafa, Gagliardi, Martino, Gago Medina, Alberto Martin, Gal, Arthur Willem Jean, Duarte Galvan, Carlos, Ganoti, Paraskevi, Garabatos Cuadrado, Jose, Alvarado Garcia, Jesus Ricardo, Garcia-solis, Edmundo Javier, Garg, Kunal, Gargiulo, Corrado, Adolfsson, Jonatan, Andrei, Cristian, Garibli, Aydan, Garner, Katharina, Gasik, Piotr Jan, Gauger, Erin Frances, De Leone Gay, Maria Beatriz, Germain, Marie, Ghosh, Jhuma, Ghosh, Premomoy, Ghosh, Sanjay Kumar, Giacalone, Marco, Andreou, Dimitra, Gianotti, Paola, Giubellino, Paolo, Giubilato, Piero, Glaenzer, Aude Marie Camille, Glassel, Peter, Gomez Ramirez, Andres, Gonzalez, Victor, Gonzalez Trueba, Laura Helena, Gorbunov, Sergey, Gorlich, Lidia Maria, Andronic, Anton, Goswami, Ankita, Gotovac, Sven, Grabski, Varlen, Graczykowski, Lukasz Kamil, Graham, Katie Leanne, Greiner, Leo Clifford, Grelli, Alessandro, Grigoras, Costin, Grigoryev, Vladislav, Grigoryan, Ara, Angeletti, Massimo, Grigoryan, Smbat, Groettvik, Ola Slettevoll, Grosa, Fabrizio, Grosse-oetringhaus, Jan Fiete, Grosso, Raffaele, Guernane, Rachid, Guittiere, Manuel, Gulbrandsen, Kristjan Herlache, Gunji, Taku, Gupta, Anik, Anguelov, Venelin, Gupta, Ramni, Bautista Guzman, Irais, Haake, Rudiger, Habib, Michael Karim, Hadjidakis, Cynthia Marie, Hamagaki, Hideki, Hamar, Gergoe, Hamid, Mohammed, Hannigan, Ryan Patrick, Haque, Md Rihan, Anson, Christopher Daniel, Harlenderova, Alena, Harris, John William, Harton, Austin Vincent, Hasenbichler, Jan Anton, Hassan, Hadi, Hassan, Qamar Ul, Hatzifotiadou, Despina, Hauer, Philip, Havener, Laura Brittany, Hayashi, Shinichi, Anticic, Tome, Heckel, Stefan Thomas, Hellbar, Ernst, Helstrup, Haavard, Herghelegiu, Andrei Ionut, Herman, Tomas, Gonzalez Hernandez, Emma, Herrera Corral, Gerardo Antonio, Herrmann, Florian, Hetland, Kristin Fanebust, Hillemanns, Hartmut, Antinori, Federico, Hills, Christopher, Hippolyte, Boris, Hohlweger, Bernhard, Honermann, Jan, Horak, David, Hornung, Andrea, Hornung, Sebastian, Hosokawa, Ritsuya, Hristov, Peter Zahariev, Huang, Chun-lu, Antonioli, Pietro, Hughes, Charles, Huhn, Patrick, Humanic, Thomas, Hushnud, Hushnud, Husova, Lucia Anna, Hussain, Nur, Hussain, Syed Asad, Hutter, Dirk, Iddon, James Philip, Ilkaev, Radiy, Apadula, Nicole, Ilyas, Hira, Inaba, Motoi, Innocenti, Gian Michele, Ippolitov, Mikhail, Isakov, Artem, Islam, Md Samsul, Ivanov, Marian, Ivanov, Vladimir, Izucheev, Vladimir, Jacak, Barbara, Aggarwal, Madan Mohan, Aphecetche, Laurent Bernard, Jacazio, Nicolo, Jacobs, Peter Martin, Jadlovska, Slavka, Jadlovsky, Jan, Jaelani, Syaefudin, Jahnke, Cristiane, Jakubowska, Monika Joanna, Janik, Malgorzata Anna, Janson, Thomas, Jercic, Marko, Appelshaeuser, Harald, Jevons, Oliver Thomas, Jin, Muqing, Jonas, Florian, Jones, Peter Graham, Jung, Jerome, Jung, Michael, Jusko, Anton, Kalinak, Peter, Kalweit, Alexander Philipp, Kaplin, Vladimir, Arcelli, Silvia, Kar, Somnath, Karasu Uysal, Ayben, Karatovic, David, Karavichev, Oleg, Karavicheva, Tatiana, Karczmarczyk, Przemyslaw, Karpechev, Evgeny, Kazantsev, Andrey, Kebschull, Udo Wolfgang, Keidel, Ralf, Arnaldi, Roberta, Keil, Markus, Ketzer, Bernhard Franz, Khabanova, Zhanna, Khan, Ahsan Mehmood, Khan, Shaista, Khanzadeev, Alexei, Kharlov, Yury, Khatun, Anisa, Khuntia, Arvind, Kileng, Bjarte, Arratia Munoz, Miguel Ignacio, Kim, Beomkyu, Kim, Byungchul, Kim, Daehyeok, Kim, Dong Jo, Kim, Eun Joo, Kim, Hyeonjoong, Kim, Jaehyun, Kim, Jinsook, Kim, Jiyoung, Kim, Jungeol, Arsene, Ionut Cristian, Kim, Junlee, Kim, Minjung, Kim, Se Yong, Kim, Taejun, Kim, Taesoo, Kirsch, Stefan, Kisel, Ivan, Kiselev, Sergey, Kisiel, Adam Ryszard, Klay, Jennifer Lynn, Arslandok, Mesut, Klein, Carsten, Klein, Jochen, Klein, Spencer Robert, Klein-boesing, Christian, Kleiner, Matthias, Kluge, Alexander, Knichel, Michael Linus, Knospe, Anders Garritt, Kobdaj, Chinorat, Kohler, Markus Konrad, Augustinus, Andre, Kollegger, Thorsten Sven, Kondratyev, Andrey, Kondratyeva, Natalia, Kondratyuk, Evgeny, Konig, Joshua Leon, Konigstorfer, Stephan Alexander, Konopka, Piotr Jan, Kornakov, Georgui, Koska, Lukas, Kovalenko, Oleksandr, Averbeck, Ralf Peter, Kovalenko, Vladimir, Kowalski, Marek, Kralik, Ivan, Kravcakova, Adela, Kreis, Lukas, Krivda, Marian, Krizek, Filip, Krizkova Gajdosova, Katarina, Kruger, Mario, Kryshen, Evgeny, Aziz, Sizar, Krzewicki, Mikolaj, Kubera, Andrew Michael, Kucera, Vit, Kuhn, Christian Claude, Kuijer, Paulus Gerardus, Kumar, Lokesh, Kundu, Sourav, Kurashvili, Podist, Kurepin, Alexander, Kurepin, Alexey, Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca, Azmi, Mohd Danish, Kuryakin, Alexey, Kushpil, Svetlana, Kvapil, Jakub, Kweon, Min Jung, Kwon, Jiyeon, Kwon, Youngil, La Pointe, Sarah Louise, La Rocca, Paola, Lai, Yue Shi, Lamanna, Massimo, Badala, Angela, Langoy, Rune, Lapidus, Kirill, Lardeux, Antoine Xavier, Larionov, Pavel, Laudi, Elisa, Lavicka, Roman, Lazareva, Tatiana, Lea, Ramona, Leardini, Lucia, Lee, Joonil, Baek, Yongwook, Lee, Seongjoo, Lehner, Sebastian, Lehrbach, Johannes, Lemmon, Roy Crawford, Leon Monzon, Ildefonso, Lesser, Ezra Douglas, Lettrich, Michael, Levai, Peter, Li, Xiaomei, Li, Xing Long, Bagnasco, Stefano, Lien, Jorgen Andre, Lietava, Roman, Lim, Bong-hwi, Lindenstruth, Volker, Lindner, Amelia, Lippmann, Christian, Lisa, Michael Annan, Liu, Alwina Ruixin, Liu, Jian, Liu, Suyuan, Bai, Xiaozhi, Llope, William Joseph, Lofnes, Ingrid Mckibben, Loginov, Vitaly, Loizides, Constantinos, Loncar, Petra, Lopez Lopez, Jorge Andres, Lopez, Xavier Bernard, Lopez Torres, Ernesto, Luhder, Jens Robert, Lunardon, Marcello, Bailhache, Raphaelle Marie, Luparello, Grazia, Ma, Yugang, Maevskaya, Alla, Mager, Magnus, Mahmood, Sohail Musa, Mahmoud, Tariq, Maire, Antonin, Majka, Richard Daniel, Malaev, Mikhail, Malik, Qasim Waheed, Bala, Renu, Malinina, Liudmila, Mal Kevich, Dmitry, Malzacher, Peter, Mandaglio, Giuseppe, Manko, Vladislav, Manso, Franck, Manzari, Vito, Mao, Yaxian, Marchisone, Massimiliano, Mares, Jiri, Balbino, Alessandro, Margagliotti, Giacomo Vito, Margotti, Anselmo, Marin, Ana Maria, Markert, Christina, Marquard, Marco, De Martin, Chiara, Martin, Nicole Alice, Martinengo, Paolo, Martinez, Jacobb Lee, Martinez Hernandez, Mario Ivan, Baldisseri, Alberto, Martinez-garcia, Gines, Masciocchi, Silvia, Masera, Massimo, Masoni, Alberto, Massacrier, Laure Marie, Masson, Erwann, Mastroserio, Annalisa, Mathis, Andreas Michael, Matonoha, Oliver, Toledo Matuoka, Paula Fernanda, Ball, Markus, Matyja, Adam Tomasz, Mayer, Christoph, Mazzaschi, Francesco, Mazzilli, Marianna, Mazzoni, Alessandra Maria, Mechler, Adrian Florin, Meddi, Franco, Melikyan, Yury, Menchaca-rocha, Arturo Alejandro, Cai, Mengke, Agnello, Michelangelo, Balouza, Samah, Meninno, Elisa, Sasikumar Menon, Anjaly, Meres, Michal, Mhlanga, Sibaliso, Miake, Yasuo, Micheletti, Luca, Migliorin, Lucrezia Camilla, Mihaylov, Dimitar Lubomirov, Mikhaylov, Konstantin, Mishra, Aditya Nath, Banerjee, Debjani, Miskowiec, Dariusz Czeslaw, Modak, Abhi, Mohammadi, Naghmeh, Mohanty, Auro Prasad, Mohanty, Bedangadas, Khan, Mohammed Mohisin, Moravcova, Zuzana, Mordasini, Cindy, Moreira De Godoy, Denise Aparecida, Perez Moreno, Luis Alberto, Barbera, Roberto, Morozov, Igor, Morsch, Andreas, Mrnjavac, Teo, Muccifora, Valeria, Mudnic, Eugen, Muhlheim, Daniel Michael, Muhuri, Sanjib, Mulligan, James Declan, Mulliri, Alice, Gameiro Munhoz, Marcelo, Barioglio, Luca, Munzer, Robert Helmut, Murakami, Hikari, Murray, Sean, Musa, Luciano, Musinsky, Jan, Myers, Corey James, Myrcha, Julian Wojciech, Naik, Bharati, Nair, Rahul Ramachandran, Nandi, Basanta Kumar, Barnafoldi, Gergely Gabor, Nania, Rosario, Nappi, Eugenio, Naru, Muhammad Umair, Nassirpour, Adrian Fereydon, Nattrass, Christine, Nayak, Ranjit, Nayak, Tapan Kumar, Nazarenko, Sergey, Neagu, Alexandra, Negrao De Oliveira, Renato Aparecido, Barnby, Lee Stuart, Nellen, Lukas, Nesbo, Simon Voigt, Neskovic, Gvozden, Nesterov, Dmitrii, Neumann, Lukasz Tomasz, Nielsen, Borge Svane, Nikolaev, Sergey, Nikulin, Sergey, Nikulin, Vladimir, Noferini, Francesco, Ramillien Barret, Valerie, Nomokonov, Petr, Norman, Jaime, Novitzky, Norbert, Nowakowski, Piotr, Nyanin, Alexander, Nystrand, Joakim Ingemar, Ogino, Masanori, Ohlson, Alice Elisabeth, Oleniacz, Janusz, Oliveira Da Silva, Antonio Carlos, Bartalini, Paolo, Oliver, Michael Henry, Oppedisano, Chiara, Ortiz Velasquez, Antonio, Oskarsson, Anders Nils Erik, Otwinowski, Jacek Tomasz, Oyama, Ken, Pachmayer, Yvonne Chiara, Pacik, Vojtech, Padhan, Sonali, Pagano, Davide, Bartels, Clara, Paic, Guy, Pan, Jinjin, Panebianco, Stefano, Pareek, Pooja, Park, Jonghan, Parkkila, Jasper Elias, Parmar, Sonia, Pathak, Surya Prakash, Paul, Biswarup, Pazzini, Jacopo, Barth, Klaus, Pei, Hua, Peitzmann, Thomas, Peng, Xinye, Pereira, Luis Gustavo, Pereira Da Costa, Hugo Denis Antonio, Peresunko, Dmitry Yurevich, Mesa Perez, Guillermo, Perrin, Sebastien, Pestov, Yury, Petracek, Vojtech, Agrawal, Neelima, Bartsch, Esther, Petrovici, Mihai, Peretti Pezzi, Rafael, Piano, Stefano, Pikna, Miroslav, Pillot, Philippe, Pinazza, Ombretta, Pinsky, Lawrence, Pinto, Chiara, Pisano, Silvia, Pistone, Daniele, Baruffaldi, Filippo, Ploskon, Mateusz Andrzej, Planinic, Mirko, Pliquett, Fabian, Poghosyan, Martin, Polishchuk, Boris, Poljak, Nikola, Pop, Amalia, Porteboeuf, Sarah Julie, Pozdniakov, Valeriy, Prasad, Sidharth Kumar, Bastid, Nicole, Preghenella, Roberto, Prino, Francesco, Pruneau, Claude Andre, Pshenichnov, Igor, Puccio, Maximiliano, Putschke, Jorn Henning, Qiu, Shi, Quaglia, Luca, Quishpe Quishpe, Raquel Estefania, Ragoni, Simone, Basu, Sumit, Raha, Sibaji, Rajput, Sonia, Rak, Jan, Rakotozafindrabe, Andry Malala, Ramello, Luciano, Rami, Fouad, Rodriguez Ramirez, Saul Anibal, Raniwala, Rashmi, Raniwala, Sudhir, Rasanen, Sami Sakari, Batigne, Guillaume, Rath, Rutuparna, Ratza, Viktor, Ravasenga, Ivan, Read, Kenneth Francis, Redelbach, Andreas Ralph, Redlich, Krzysztof, Rehman, Attiq Ur, Reichelt, Patrick Simon, Reidt, Felix, Ren, Xiaowen, Batyunya, Boris, Renfordt, Rainer Arno Ernst, Jakubcinova, Zuzana, Reygers, Klaus Johannes, Riabov, Andrei, Riabov, Viktor, Richert, Tuva Ora Herenui, Richter, Matthias Rudolph, Riedler, Petra, Riegler, Werner, Riggi, Francesco, Bauri, Dibakar, Ristea, Catalin-lucian, Rode, Sudhir Pandurang, Rodriguez Cahuantzi, Mario, Roeed, Ketil, Rogalev, Roman, Rogochaya, Elena, Rohr, David Michael, Roehrich, Dieter, Fierro Rojas, Pablo, Rokita, Przemyslaw Stefan, Bazo Alba, Jose Luis, Ronchetti, Federico, Rosano, Antonina, Dominguez Rosas, Edgar, Roslon, Krystian, Rossi, Andrea, Rotondi, Alberto, Roy, Ankhi, Roy, Pradip Kumar, Vazquez Rueda, Omar, Rui, Rinaldo, Bearden, Ian Gardner, Rumyantsev, Boris, Rustamov, Anar, Ryabinkin, Evgeny, Ryabov, Yury, Rybicki, Andrzej, Rytkonen, Heidi Maria, Saarimaki, Oskari Antti Matti, Sadek, Rita, Sadhu, Samrangy, Sadovskiy, Sergey, Beattie, Caitlin, Safarik, Karel, Saha, Sumit Kumar, Sahoo, Baidyanath, Sahoo, Pragati, Sahoo, Raghunath, Sahoo, Sarita, Sahu, Pradip Kumar, Saini, Jogender, Sakai, Shingo, Sambyal, Sanjeev Singh, Ahammed, Zubayer, Bedda, Cristina, Samsonov, Vladimir, Sarkar, Debojit, Sarkar, Nachiketa, Sarma, Pranjal, Mantovani Sarti, Valentina, Sas, Mike Henry Petrus, Scapparone, Eugenio, Schambach, Johann Joachim, Scheid, Horst Sebastian, Schiaua, Claudiu Cornel, Behera, Nirbhay Kumar, Schicker, Rainer Martin, Schmah, Alexander, Schmidt, Christian Joachim, Schmidt, Hans Rudolf, Schmidt, Marten Ole, Schmidt, Martin, Schmidt, Nicolas, Schmier, Austin Robert, Schukraft, Jurgen, Schutz, Yves Roland, Belikov, Iouri, Schwarz, Kilian Eberhard, Schweda, Kai Oliver, Scioli, Gilda, Scomparin, Enrico, Seger, Janet Elizabeth, Sekiguchi, Yuko, Sekihata, Daiki, Selyuzhenkov, Ilya, Senyukov, Serhiy, Serebryakov, Dmitry, Bell Hechavarria, Ailec, Sevcenco, Adrian, Shabanov, Arseniy, Shabetai, Alexandre, Shahoyan, Ruben, Shaikh, Wadut, Shangaraev, Artem, Sharma, Anjali, Sharma, Ankita, Sharma, Himanshu, Sharma, Meenakshi, Bellini, Francesca, Sharma, Natasha, Sharma, Sheetal, Sheibani, Oveis, Shigaki, Kenta, Hachiya Shimomura, Maya, Shirinkin, Sergey, Shou, Qiye, Sibiryak, Yury, Siddhanta, Sabyasachi, Siemiarczuk, Teodor, Bellwied, Rene, Silvermyr, David Olle Rickard, Simatovic, Goran, Simonetti, Giuseppe, Singh, Bhawani, Singh, Ranbir, Singh, Randhir, Singh, Ravindra, Singh, Vivek, Singhal, Vikas, Sarkar - Sinha, Tinku, Belyaev, Vladimir, Sitar, Branislav, Sitta, Mario, Skaali, Bernhard, Slupecki, Maciej, Smirnov, Nikolai, Snellings, Raimond, Soncco Meza, Carlos, Song, Jihye, Songmoolnak, Arnon, Soramel, Francesca, Bencedi, Gyula, Sorensen, Soren Pontoppidan, Sputowska, Iwona Anna, Stachel, Johanna, Stan, Ionel, Steffanic, Patrick John, Stenlund, Evert Anders, Stiefelmaier, Stephan Friedrich, Stocco, Diego, Storetvedt, Maksim Melnik, Dello Stritto, Luigi, Beole, Stefania, Alarcon Do Passo Suaide, Alexandre, Sugitate, Toru, Suire, Christophe Pierre, Suleymanov, Mais Kazim Oglu, Suljic, Miljenko, Sultanov, Rishat, Sumbera, Michal, Sumberia, Vikash, Sumowidagdo, Suharyo, Swain, Sagarika, Bercuci, Alexandru, Szabo, Alexander, Szarka, Imrich, Tabassam, Uzma, Taghavi, Seyed Farid, Taillepied, Guillaume, Takahashi, Jun, Tambave, Ganesh Jagannath, Tang, Siyu, Tarhini, Mohamad, Tarzila, Madalina-gabriela, Ahmad, Shakeel, Berdnikov, Yaroslav, Tauro, Arturo, Tejeda Munoz, Guillermo, Telesca, Adriana, Terlizzi, Livia, Terrevoli, Cristina, Thakur, Dhananjaya, Thakur, Sanchari, Thomas, Deepa, Thoresen, Freja, Tieulent, Raphael Noel, Berenyi, Daniel, Tikhonov, Anatoly, Timmins, Anthony Robert, Toia, Alberica, Topilskaya, Nataliya, Toppi, Marco, Torales Acosta, Fernando, Rojas Torres, Solangel, Trifiro, Antonio, Tripathy, Sushanta, Tripathy, Tulika, Bertens, Redmer Alexander, Trogolo, Stefano, Trombetta, Giuseppe, Tropp, Lukas, Trubnikov, Victor, Trzaska, Wladyslaw Henryk, Trzcinski, Tomasz Piotr, Trzeciak, Barbara Antonina, Tumkin, Alexandr, Turrisi, Rosario, Tveter, Trine Spedstad, Berzano, Dario, Ullaland, Kjetil, Umaka, Ejiro Naomi, Uras, Antonio, Usai, Gianluca, Vala, Martin, Valle, Nicolo', Vallero, Sara, Van Der Kolk, Naomi, Van Doremalen, Lennart, Van Leeuwen, Marco, Besoiu, Mihaela Gabriela, Vande Vyvre, Pierre, Varga, Dezso, Varga, Zoltan, Varga-kofarago, Monika, Diozcora Vargas Trevino, Aurora, Vasileiou, Maria, Vasiliev, Andrey, Vazquez Doce, Oton, Vechernin, Vladimir, Vercellin, Ermanno, Betev, Latchezar, Vergara Limon, Sergio, Vermunt, Lucas Anne, Vernet, Renaud, Vertesi, Robert, Vickovic, Linda, Vilakazi, Zabulon, Villalobos Baillie, Orlando, Vino, Gioacchino, Vinogradov, Alexander, Virgili, Tiziano, Bhasin, Anju, Vislavicius, Vytautas, Vodopyanov, Alexander, Volkel, Benedikt, Volkl, Martin Andreas, Voloshin, Kirill, Voloshin, Sergey, Volpe, Giacomo, Von Haller, Barthelemy, Vorobyev, Ivan, Voscek, Dominik, Bhat, Inayat Rasool, Vrlakova, Janka, Wagner, Boris, Weber, Michael, Weber, Steffen Georg, Wegrzynek, Adam Tadeusz, Wenzel, Sandro Christian, Wessels, Johannes Peter, Wiechula, Jens, Wikne, Jon, Wilk, Grzegorz Andrzej, Bhat, Mohammad Asif, Wilkinson, Jeremy John, Willems, Guido Alexander, Willsher, Emily Jade, Windelband, Bernd Stefan, Winn, Michael Andreas, Witt, William Edward, Wright, Josephina Rae, Wu, Yitao, Xu, Ran, Yalcin Kuzu, Serpil, Bhatt, Himani, Yamaguchi, Yorito, Yamakawa, Kosei, Yang, Shiming, Yano, Satoshi, Yin, Zhongbao, Yokoyama, Hiroki, Yoo, In Kwon, Yoon, Jin Hee, Yuan, Shiming, Yuncu, Alperen, Acharya, S., Adamova, D., Adler, A., Adolfsson, J., Aggarwal, M. M., Rinella, G. A., Agnello, M., Agrawal, N., Ahammed, Z., Ahmad, S., Ahn, S. U., Akbar, Z., Akindinov, A., Al-Turany, M., Alam, S. N., Albuquerque, D. S. D., Aleksandrov, D., Alessandro, B., Alfanda, H. M., Molina, R. A., Ali, B., Ali, Y., Alici, A., Alizadehvandchali, N., Alkin, A., Alme, J., Alt, T., Altenkamper, L., Altsybeev, I., Anaam, M. N., Andrei, C., Andreou, D., Andronic, A., Angeletti, M., Anguelov, V., Anson, C., Anticic, T., Antinori, F., Antonioli, P., Apadula, N., Aphecetche, L., Appelshauser, H., Arcelli, S., Arnaldi, R., Arratia, M., Arsene, I. C., Arslandok, M., Augustinus, A., Averbeck, R., Aziz, S., Azmi, M. D., Badala, A., Baek, Y. W., Bagnasco, S., Bai, X., Bailhache, R., Bala, R., Balbino, A., Baldisseri, A., Ball, M., Balouza, S., Banerjee, D., Barbera, R., Barioglio, L., Barnafoldi, G. G., Barnby, L. S., Barret, V., Bartalini, P., Bartels, C., Barth, K., Bartsch, E., Baruffaldi, F., Bastid, N., Basu, S., Batigne, G., Batyunya, B., Bauri, D., Alba, J. L. B., Bearden, I. G., Beattie, C., Bedda, C., Behera, N. K., Belikov, I., Hechavarria, A. D. C. B., Bellini, F., Bellwied, R., Belyaev, V., Bencedi, G., Beole, S., Bercuci, A., Berdnikov, Y., Berenyi, D., Bertens, R. A., Berzano, D., Besoiu, M. G., Betev, L., Bhasin, A., Bhat, I. R., Bhat, M. A., Bhatt, H., Bhattacharjee, B., Bianchi, A., Bianchi, L., Bianchi, N., Bielcik, J., Bielcikova, J., Bilandzic, A., Biro, G., Biswas, R., Biswas, S., Blair, J. T., Blau, D., Blume, C., Boca, G., Bock, F., Bogdanov, A., Boi, S., Bok, J., Boldizsar, L., Bolozdynya, A., Bombara, M., Bonomi, G., Borel, H., Borissov, A., Bossi, H., Botta, E., Bratrud, L., Braun-Munzinger, P., Bregant, M., Broz, M., Bruna, E., Bruno, G. E., Buckland, M. D., Budnikov, D., Buesching, H., Bufalino, S., Bugnon, O., Buhler, P., Buncic, P., Buthelezi, Z., Butt, J. B., Bysiak, S. A., Caffarri, D., Caliva, A., Villar, E. C., Camacho, J. M. M., Camacho, R. S., Camerini, P., Canedo, F. D. M., Capon, A. A., Carnesecchi, F., Caron, R., Castellanos, J. C., Castro, A. J., Casula, E. A. R., Catalano, F., Sanchez, C. C., Chakraborty, P., Chandra, S., Chang, W., Chapeland, S., Chartier, M., Chattopadhyay, S., Chauvin, A., Cheshkov, C., Cheynis, B., Barroso, V. C., Chinellato, D. D., Cho, S., Chochula, P., Chowdhury, T., Christakoglou, P., Christensen, C. H., Christiansen, P., Chujo, T., Cicalo, C., Cifarelli, L., Cilladi, L. D., Cindolo, F., Ciupek, M. R., Clai, G., Cleymans, J., Colamaria, F., Colella, D., Collu, A., Colocci, M., Concas, M., Balbastre, G. C., del Valle, Z. C., Contin, G., Contreras, J. G., Cormier, T. M., Morales, Y. C., Cortese, P., Cosentino, M. R., Costa, F., Costanza, S., Crochet, P., Cuautle, E., Cui, P., Cunqueiro, L., Dabrowski, D., Dahms, T., Dainese, A., Damas, F. P. A., Danisch, M. 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R., Harlenderova, A., Harris, J. W., Harton, A., Hasenbichler, J. A., Hassan, H., Hassan, Q. U., Hatzifotiadou, D., Hauer, P., Havener, L. B., Hayashi, S., Heckel, S. T., Hellbar, E., Helstrup, H., Herghelegiu, A., Herman, T., Hernandez, E. G., Corral, G. H., Herrmann, F., Hetland, K. F., Hillemanns, H., Hills, C., Hippolyte, B., Hohlweger, B., Honermann, J., Horak, D., Hornung, A., Hornung, S., Hosokawa, R., Hristov, P., Huang, C., Hughes, C., Huhn, P., Humanic, T. J., Hushnud, H., Husova, L. A., Hussain, N., Hussain, S. A., Hutter, D., Iddon, J. P., Ilkaev, R., Ilyas, H., Inaba, M., Innocenti, G. M., Ippolitov, M., Isakov, A., Islam, M. S., Ivanov, M., Ivanov, V., Izucheev, V., Jacak, B., Jacazio, N., Jacobs, P. M., Jadlovska, S., Jadlovsky, J., Jaelani, S., Jahnke, C., Jakubowska, M. J., Janik, M. A., Janson, T., Jercic, M., Jevons, O., Jin, M., Jonas, F., Jones, P. G., Jung, J., Jung, M., Jusko, A., Kalinak, P., Kalweit, A., Kaplin, V., Kar, S., Uysal, A. K., Karatovic, D., Karavichev, O., Karavicheva, T., Karczmarczyk, P., Karpechev, E., Kazantsev, A., Kebschull, U., Keidel, R., Keil, M., Ketzer, B., Khabanova, Z., Khan, A. M., Khan, S., Khanzadeev, A., Kharlov, Y., Khatun, A., Khuntia, A., Kileng, B., Kim, B., Kim, D., Kim, D. J., Kim, E. J., Kim, H., Kim, J., Kim, J. S., Kim, M., Kim, S., Kim, T., Kirsch, S., Kisel, I., Kiselev, S., Kisiel, A., Klay, J. L., Klein, C., Klein, J., Klein, S., Klein-Bosing, C., Kleiner, M., Kluge, A., Knichel, M. L., Knospe, A. G., Kobdaj, C., Kohler, M. K., Kollegger, T., Kondratyev, A., Kondratyeva, N., Kondratyuk, E., Konig, J., Konigstorfer, S. A., Konopka, P. J., Kornakov, G., Koska, L., Kovalenko, O., Kovalenko, V., Kowalski, M., Kralik, I., Kravcakova, A., Kreis, L., Krivda, M., Krizek, F., Gajdosova, K. K., Kruger, M., Kryshen, E., Krzewicki, M., Kubera, A. M., Kucera, V., Kuhn, C., Kuijer, P. G., Kumar, L., Kundu, S., Kurashvili, P., Kurepin, A., Kurepin, A. 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A., Martinengo, P., Martinez, J. L., Martinez, M. I., Garcia, G. M., Masciocchi, S., Masera, M., Masoni, A., Massacrier, L., Masson, E., Mastroserio, A., Mathis, A. M., Matonoha, O., Matuoka, P. F. T., Matyja, A., Mayer, C., Mazzaschi, F., Mazzilli, M., Mazzoni, M. A., Mechler, A. F., Meddi, F., Melikyan, Y., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Mengke, C., Meninno, E., Menon, A. S., Meres, M., Mhlanga, S., Miake, Y., Micheletti, L., Migliorin, L. C., Mihaylov, D. L., Mikhaylov, K., Mishra, A. N., Miskowiec, D., Modak, A., Mohammadi, N., Mohanty, A. P., Mohanty, B., Khan, M. M., Moravcova, Z., Mordasini, C., Moreira De Godoy, D. A., Moreno, L. A. P., Morozov, I., Morsch, A., Mrnjavac, T., Muccifora, V., Mudnic, E., Muhlheim, D., Muhuri, S., Mulligan, J. D., Mulliri, A., Munhoz, M. G., Munzer, R. H., Murakami, H., Murray, S., Musa, L., Musinsky, J., Myers, C. J., Myrcha, J. W., Naik, B., Nair, R., Nandi, B. K., Nania, R., Nappi, E., Naru, M. U., Nassirpour, A. F., Nattrass, C., Nayak, R., Nayak, T. 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N., Uras, A., Usai, G. L., Vala, M., Valle, N., Vallero, S., van der Kolk, N., van Doremalen, L. V. R., van Leeuwen, M., Vyvre, P. V., Varga, D., Varga, Z., Varga-Kofarago, M., Vargas, A., Vasileiou, M., Vasiliev, A., Doce, O. V., Vechernin, V., Vercellin, E., Limon, S. V., Vermunt, L., Vernet, R., Vertesi, R., Vickovic, L., Vilakazi, Z., Baillie, O. V., Vino, G., Vinogradov, A., Virgili, T., Vislavicius, V., Vodopyanov, A., Volkel, B., Volkl, M. A., Voloshin, K., Voloshin, S. A., Volpe, G., von Haller, B., Vorobyev, I., Voscek, D., Vrlakova, J., Wagner, B., Weber, M., Weber, S. G., Wegrzynek, A., Wenzel, S. C., Wessels, J. P., Wiechula, J., Wikne, J., Wilk, G., Wilkinson, J., Willems, G. A., Willsher, E., Windelband, B., Winn, M., Witt, W. E., Wright, J. R., Wu, Y., Xu, R., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y., Yamakawa, K., Yang, S., Yano, S., Yin, Z., Yokoyama, H., Yoo, I. -K., Yoon, J. H., Yuan, S., Yuncu, A., Yurchenko, V., Zaccolo, V., Zaman, A., Zampolli, C., Zanoli, H. J. C., Zardoshti, N., Zarochentsev, A., Zavada, P., Zaviyalov, N., Zbroszczyk, H., Zhalov, M., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Zhang, Z., Zherebchevskii, V., Zhi, Y., Zhou, D., Zhou, Y., Zhou, Z., Zhu, J., Zhu, Y., Zichichi, A., Zinovjev, G., Zurlo, N., Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre de Calcul de l'IN2P3 (CC-IN2P3), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ALICE, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), S. Acharya, D. Adamová, A. Adler, J. Adolfsson, M. M. Aggarwal, G. Aglieri Rinella, M. Agnello, N. Agrawal, Z. Ahammed, S. Ahmad, S. U. Ahn, Z. Akbar, A. Akindinov, M. Al-Turany, S. N. Alam, D. S. D. Albuquerque, D. Aleksandrov, B. Alessandro, H. M. Alfanda, R. Alfaro Molina, B. Ali, Y. Ali, A. Alici, N. Alizadehvandchali, A. Alkin, J. Alme, T. Alt, L. Altenkamper, I. Altsybeev, M. N. Anaam, C. Andrei, D. Andreou, A. Andronic, M. Angeletti, V. Anguelov, C. Anson, T. Antičić, F. Antinori, P. Antonioli, N. Apadula, L. Aphecetche, H. Appelshäuser, S. Arcelli, R. Arnaldi, M. Arratia, I. C. Arsene, M. Arslandok, A. Augustinus, R. Averbeck, S. Aziz, M. D. Azmi, A. Badalà, Y. W. Baek, S. Bagnasco, X. Bai, R. Bailhache, R. Bala, A. Balbino, A. Baldisseri, M. Ball, S. Balouza, D. Banerjee, R. Barbera, L. Barioglio, G. G. Barnaföldi, L. S. Barnby, V. Barret, P. Bartalini, C. Bartels, K. Barth, E. Bartsch, F. Baruffaldi, N. Bastid, S. Basu, G. Batigne, B. Batyunya, D. Bauri, J. L. Bazo Alba, I. G. 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Ceballos Sanchez, P. Chakraborty, S. Chandra, W. Chang, S. Chapeland, M. Chartier, S. Chattopadhyay, S. Chattopadhyay, A. Chauvin, C. Cheshkov, B. Cheynis, V. Chibante Barroso, D. D. Chinellato, S. Cho, P. Chochula, T. Chowdhury, P. Christakoglou, C. H. Christensen, P. Christiansen, T. Chujo, C. Cicalo, L. Cifarelli, L. D. Cilladi, F. Cindolo, M. R. Ciupek, G. Clai, J. Cleymans, F. Colamaria, D. Colella, A. Collu, M. Colocci, M. Concas, G. Conesa Balbastre, Z. Conesa del Valle, G. Contin, J. G. Contreras, T. M. Cormier, Y. Corrales Morales, P. Cortese, M. R. Cosentino, F. Costa, S. Costanza, P. Crochet, E. Cuautle, P. Cui, L. Cunqueiro, D. Dabrowski, T. Dahms, A. Dainese, F. P. A. Damas, M. C. Danisch, A. Danu, D. Das, I. Das, P. Das, P. Das, S. Das, A. Dash, S. Dash, S. De, A. De Caro, G. de Cataldo, J. de Cuveland, A. De Falco, D. De Gruttola, N. De Marco, S. De Pasquale, S. Deb, H. F. Degenhardt, K. R. Deja, A. Deloff, S. Delsanto, W. Deng, P. Dhankher, D. Di Bari, A. Di Mauro, R. A. Diaz, T. Dietel, P. Dillenseger, Y. Ding, R. Divià, D. U. Dixit, Ø. Djuvsland, U. Dmitrieva, A. Dobrin, B. Dönigus, O. Dordic, A. K. Dubey, A. Dubla, S. Dudi, M. Dukhishyam, P. Dupieux, R. J. Ehlers, V. N. Eikeland, D. Elia, B. Erazmus, F. Erhardt, A. Erokhin, M. R. Ersdal, B. Espagnon, G. Eulisse, D. Evans, S. Evdokimov, L. Fabbietti, M. Faggin, J. Faivre, F. Fan, A. Fantoni, M. Fasel, P. Fecchio, A. Feliciello, G. Feofilov, A. Fernández Téllez, A. Ferrero, A. Ferretti, A. Festanti, V. J. G. Feuillard, J. Figiel, S. Filchagin, D. Finogeev, F. M. Fionda, G. Fiorenza, F. Flor, A. N. Flores, S. Foertsch, P. Foka, S. Fokin, E. Fragiacomo, U. Frankenfeld, U. Fuchs, C. Furget, A. Furs, M. Fusco Girard, J. J. Gaardhøje, M. Gagliardi, A. M. Gago, A. Gal, C. D. Galvan, P. Ganoti, C. Garabatos, J. R. A. Garcia, E. Garcia-Solis, K. Garg, C. Gargiulo, A. Garibli, K. Garner, P. Gasik, E. F. Gauger, M. B. Gay Ducati, M. Germain, J. Ghosh, P. Ghosh, S. K. Ghosh, M. Giacalone, P. Gianotti, P. Giubellino, P. Giubilato, A. M. C. Glaenzer, P. Glässel, A. Gomez Ramirez, V. Gonzalez, L. H. González-Trueba, S. Gorbunov, L. Görlich, A. Goswami, S. Gotovac, V. Grabski, L. K. Graczykowski, K. L. Graham, L. Greiner, A. Grelli, C. Grigoras, V. Grigoriev, A. Grigoryan, S. Grigoryan, O. S. Groettvik, F. Grosa, J. F. Grosse-Oetringhaus, R. Grosso, R. Guernane, M. Guittiere, K. Gulbrandsen, T. Gunji, A. Gupta, R. Gupta, I. B. Guzman, R. Haake, M. K. Habib, C. Hadjidakis, H. Hamagaki, G. Hamar, M. Hamid, R. Hannigan, M. R. Haque, A. Harlenderova, J. W. Harris, A. Harton, J. A. Hasenbichler, H. Hassan, Q. U. Hassan, D. Hatzifotiadou, P. Hauer, L. B. Havener, S. Hayashi, S. T. Heckel, E. Hellbär, H. Helstrup, A. Herghelegiu, T. Herman, E. G. Hernandez, G. Herrera Corral, F. Herrmann, K. F. Hetland, H. Hillemanns, C. Hills, B. Hippolyte, B. Hohlweger, J. Honermann, D. Horak, A. Hornung, S. Hornung, R. Hosokawa, P. Hristov, C. Huang, C. Hughes, P. Huhn, T. J. Humanic, H. Hushnud, L. A. Husova, N. Hussain, S. A. Hussain, D. Hutter, J. P. Iddon, R. Ilkaev, H. Ilyas, M. Inaba, G. M. Innocenti, M. Ippolitov, A. Isakov, M. S. Islam, M. Ivanov, V. Ivanov, V. Izucheev, B. Jacak, N. Jacazio, P. M. Jacobs, S. Jadlovska, J. Jadlovsky, S. Jaelani, C. Jahnke, M. J. Jakubowska, M. A. Janik, T. Janson, M. Jercic, O. Jevons, M. Jin, F. Jonas, P. G. Jones, J. Jung, M. Jung, A. Jusko, P. Kalinak, A. Kalweit, V. Kaplin, S. Kar, A. Karasu Uysal, D. Karatovic, O. Karavichev, T. Karavicheva, P. Karczmarczyk, E. Karpechev, A. Kazantsev, U. Kebschull, R. Keidel, M. Keil, B. Ketzer, Z. Khabanova, A. M. Khan, S. Khan, A. Khanzadeev, Y. Kharlov, A. Khatun, A. Khuntia, B. Kileng, B. Kim, B. Kim, D. Kim, D. J. Kim, E. J. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim, J. S. Kim, J. Kim, J. Kim, J. Kim, M. Kim, S. Kim, T. Kim, T. Kim, S. Kirsch, I. Kisel, S. Kiselev, A. Kisiel, J. L. Klay, C. Klein, J. Klein, S. Klein, C. Klein-Bösing, M. Kleiner, A. Kluge, M. L. Knichel, A. G. Knospe, C. Kobdaj, M. K. Köhler, T. Kollegger, A. Kondratyev, N. Kondratyeva, E. Kondratyuk, J. Konig, S. A. Konigstorfer, P. J. Konopka, G. Kornakov, L. Koska, O. Kovalenko, V. Kovalenko, M. Kowalski, I. Králik, A. Kravčáková, L. Kreis, M. Krivda, F. Krizek, K. Krizkova Gajdosova, M. Krüger, E. Kryshen, M. Krzewicki, A. M. Kubera, V. Kučera, C. Kuhn, P. G. Kuijer, L. Kumar, S. Kundu, P. Kurashvili, A. Kurepin, A. B. Kurepin, A. Kuryakin, S. Kushpil, J. Kvapil, M. J. Kweon, J. Y. Kwon, Y. Kwon, S. L. La Pointe, P. La Rocca, Y. S. Lai, M. Lamanna, R. Langoy, K. Lapidus, A. Lardeux, P. Larionov, E. Laudi, R. Lavicka, T. Lazareva, R. Lea, L. Leardini, J. Lee, S. Lee, S. Lehner, J. Lehrbach, R. C. Lemmon, I. León Monzón, E. D. Lesser, M. Lettrich, P. Lévai, X. Li, X. L. Li, J. Lien, R. Lietava, B. Lim, V. Lindenstruth, A. Lindner, C. Lippmann, M. A. Lisa, A. Liu, J. Liu, S. Liu, W. J. Llope, I. M. Lofnes, V. Loginov, C. Loizides, P. Loncar, J. A. Lopez, X. Lopez, E. López Torres, J. R. Luhder, M. Lunardon, G. Luparello, Y. G. Ma, A. Maevskaya, M. Mager, S. M. Mahmood, T. Mahmoud, A. Maire, R. D. Majka, M. Malaev, Q. W. Malik, L. Malinina, D. Mal’Kevich, P. Malzacher, G. Mandaglio, V. Manko, F. Manso, V. Manzari, Y. Mao, M. Marchisone, J. Mareš, G. V. Margagliotti, A. Margotti, A. Marín, C. Markert, M. Marquard, C. D. Martin, N. A. Martin, P. Martinengo, J. L. Martinez, M. I. Martínez, G. Martínez García, S. Masciocchi, M. Masera, A. Masoni, L. Massacrier, E. Masson, A. Mastroserio, A. M. Mathis, O. Matonoha, P. F. T. Matuoka, A. Matyja, C. Mayer, F. Mazzaschi, M. Mazzilli, M. A. Mazzoni, A. F. Mechler, F. Meddi, Y. Melikyan, A. Menchaca-Rocha, C. Mengke, E. Meninno, A. S. Menon, M. Meres, S. Mhlanga, Y. Miake, L. Micheletti, L. C. Migliorin, D. L. Mihaylov, K. Mikhaylov, A. N. Mishra, D. Miśkowiec, A. Modak, N. Mohammadi, A. P. Mohanty, B. Mohanty, M. Mohisin Khan, Z. Moravcova, C. Mordasini, D. A. Moreira De Godoy, L. A. P. Moreno, I. Morozov, A. Morsch, T. Mrnjavac, V. Muccifora, E. Mudnic, D. Mühlheim, S. Muhuri, J. D. Mulligan, A. Mulliri, M. G. Munhoz, R. H. Munzer, H. Murakami, S. Murray, L. Musa, J. Musinsky, C. J. Myers, J. W. Myrcha, B. Naik, R. Nair, B. K. Nandi, R. Nania, E. Nappi, M. U. Naru, A. F. Nassirpour, C. Nattrass, R. Nayak, T. K. Nayak, S. Nazarenko, A. Neagu, R. A. Negrao De Oliveira, L. Nellen, S. V. Nesbo, G. Neskovic, D. Nesterov, L. T. Neumann, B. S. Nielsen, S. Nikolaev, S. Nikulin, V. Nikulin, F. Noferini, P. Nomokonov, J. Norman, N. Novitzky, P. Nowakowski, A. Nyanin, J. Nystrand, M. Ogino, A. Ohlson, J. Oleniacz, A. C. Oliveira Da Silva, M. H. Oliver, C. Oppedisano, A. Ortiz Velasquez, A. Oskarsson, J. Otwinowski, K. Oyama, Y. Pachmayer, V. Pacik, S. Padhan, D. Pagano, G. Paić, J. Pan, S. Panebianco, P. Pareek, J. Park, J. E. Parkkila, S. Parmar, S. P. Pathak, B. Paul, J. Pazzini, H. Pei, T. Peitzmann, X. Peng, L. G. Pereira, H. Pereira Da Costa, D. Peresunko, G. M. Perez, S. Perrin, Y. Pestov, V. Petráček, M. Petrovici, R. P. Pezzi, S. Piano, M. Pikna, P. Pillot, O. Pinazza, L. Pinsky, C. Pinto, S. Pisano, D. Pistone, M. Płoskoń, M. Planinic, F. Pliquett, M. G. Poghosyan, B. Polichtchouk, N. Poljak, A. Pop, S. Porteboeuf-Houssais, V. Pozdniakov, S. K. Prasad, R. Preghenella, F. Prino, C. A. Pruneau, I. Pshenichnov, M. Puccio, J. Putschke, S. Qiu, L. Quaglia, R. E. Quishpe, S. Ragoni, S. Raha, S. Rajput, J. Rak, A. Rakotozafindrabe, L. Ramello, F. Rami, S. A. R. Ramirez, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, S. S. Räsänen, R. Rath, V. Ratza, I. Ravasenga, K. F. Read, A. R. Redelbach, K. Redlich, A. Rehman, P. Reichelt, F. Reidt, X. Ren, R. Renfordt, Z. Rescakova, K. Reygers, A. Riabov, V. Riabov, T. Richert, M. Richter, P. Riedler, W. Riegler, F. Riggi, C. Ristea, S. P. Rode, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, K. Røed, R. Rogalev, E. Rogochaya, D. Rohr, D. Röhrich, P. F. Rojas, P. S. Rokita, F. Ronchetti, A. Rosano, E. D. Rosas, K. Roslon, A. Rossi, A. Rotondi, A. Roy, P. Roy, O. V. Rueda, R. Rui, B. Rumyantsev, A. Rustamov, E. Ryabinkin, Y. Ryabov, A. Rybicki, H. Rytkonen, O. A. M. Saarimaki, R. Sadek, S. Sadhu, S. Sadovsky, K. Šafařík, S. K. Saha, B. Sahoo, P. Sahoo, R. Sahoo, S. Sahoo, P. K. Sahu, J. Saini, S. Sakai, S. Sambyal, V. Samsonov, D. Sarkar, N. Sarkar, P. Sarma, V. M. Sarti, M. H. P. Sas, E. Scapparone, J. Schambach, H. S. Scheid, C. Schiaua, R. Schicker, A. Schmah, C. Schmidt, H. R. Schmidt, M. O. Schmidt, M. Schmidt, N. V. Schmidt, A. R. Schmier, J. Schukraft, Y. Schutz, K. Schwarz, K. Schweda, G. Scioli, E. Scomparin, J. E. Seger, Y. Sekiguchi, D. Sekihata, I. Selyuzhenkov, S. Senyukov, D. Serebryakov, A. Sevcenco, A. Shabanov, A. Shabetai, R. Shahoyan, W. Shaikh, A. Shangaraev, A. Sharma, A. Sharma, H. Sharma, M. Sharma, N. Sharma, S. Sharma, O. Sheibani, K. Shigaki, M. Shimomura, S. Shirinkin, Q. Shou, Y. Sibiriak, S. Siddhanta, T. Siemiarczuk, D. Silvermyr, G. Simatovic, G. Simonetti, B. Singh, R. Singh, R. Singh, R. Singh, V. K. Singh, V. Singhal, T. Sinha, B. Sitar, M. Sitta, T. B. Skaali, M. Slupecki, N. Smirnov, R. J. M. Snellings, C. Soncco, J. Song, A. Songmoolnak, F. Soramel, S. Sorensen, I. Sputowska, J. Stachel, I. Stan, P. J. Steffanic, E. Stenlund, S. F. Stiefelmaier, D. Stocco, M. M. Storetvedt, L. D. Stritto, A. A. P. Suaide, T. Sugitate, C. Suire, M. Suleymanov, M. Suljic, R. Sultanov, M. Šumbera, V. Sumberia, S. Sumowidagdo, S. Swain, A. Szabo, I. Szarka, U. Tabassam, S. F. Taghavi, G. Taillepied, J. Takahashi, G. J. Tambave, S. Tang, M. Tarhini, M. G. Tarzila, A. Tauro, G. Tejeda Muñoz, A. Telesca, L. Terlizzi, C. Terrevoli, D. Thakur, S. Thakur, D. Thomas, F. Thoresen, R. Tieulent, A. Tikhonov, A. R. Timmins, A. Toia, N. Topilskaya, M. Toppi, F. Torales-Acosta, S. R. Torres, A. Trifiró, S. Tripathy, T. Tripathy, S. Trogolo, G. Trombetta, L. Tropp, V. Trubnikov, W. H. Trzaska, T. P. Trzcinski, B. A. Trzeciak, A. Tumkin, R. Turrisi, T. S. Tveter, K. Ullaland, E. N. Umaka, A. Uras, G. L. Usai, M. Vala, N. Valle, S. Vallero, N. van der Kolk, L. V. R. van Doremalen, M. van Leeuwen, P. Vande Vyvre, D. Varga, Z. Varga, M. Varga-Kofarago, A. Vargas, M. Vasileiou, A. Vasiliev, O. Vázquez Doce, V. Vechernin, E. Vercellin, S. Vergara Limón, L. Vermunt, R. Vernet, R. Vértesi, L. Vickovic, Z. Vilakazi, O. Villalobos Baillie, G. Vino, A. Vinogradov, T. Virgili, V. Vislavicius, A. Vodopyanov, B. Volkel, M. A. Völkl, K. Voloshin, S. A. Voloshin, G. Volpe, B. von Haller, I. Vorobyev, D. Voscek, J. Vrláková, B. Wagner, M. Weber, S. G. Weber, A. Wegrzynek, S. C. Wenzel, J. P. Wessels, J. Wiechula, J. Wikne, G. Wilk, J. Wilkinson, G. A. Willems, E. Willsher, B. Windelband, M. Winn, W. E. Witt, J. R. Wright, Y. Wu, R. Xu, S. Yalcin, Y. Yamaguchi, K. Yamakawa, S. Yang, S. Yano, Z. Yin, H. Yokoyama, I.-K. Yoo, J. H. Yoon, S. Yuan, A. Yuncu, V. Yurchenko, V. Zaccolo, A. Zaman, C. Zampolli, H. J. C. Zanoli, N. Zardoshti, A. Zarochentsev, P. Závada, N. Zaviyalov, H. Zbroszczyk, M. Zhalov, S. Zhang, X. Zhang, Z. Zhang, V. Zherebchevskii, Y. Zhi, D. Zhou, Y. Zhou, Z. Zhou, J. Zhu, Y. Zhu, A. Zichichi, G. Zinovjev & N. Zurlo, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Sub Subatomic Physics (SAP), Afd Subatomic Physics (SAP), Sub Algemeen Physics Education, and Subatomic Physics
Subjects: EXCHANGE-POTENTIAL APPROACH, Strange quark, ALICE Collaboration, Hadron, Nuclear Theory, Strong interaction, hadron collisions, Position and momentum space, hiukkasfysiikka, nucl-ex, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, VDP::Fysikk: 430, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments), scattering [hadron], p p scattering, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], scattering [p p], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Experimental nuclear physics, NUCLEON, Nuclear Experiment, VDP::Physics: 430, Physics, Multidisciplinary, Large Hadron Collider, strong interaction, lattice [space-time], Publisher Correction, PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Fizika, BARYON-BARYON SCATTERING, CERN LHC Coll, LHC, ddc:500, Nucleon, Particle Physics - Experiment, discrete [space-time], Quark, Particle physics, CERN Lab, General Science & Technology, FOS: Physical sciences, short-range, Hadron, strong interaction, LHC, 114 Physical sciences, Fysikk: 430 [VDP], Article, hadron scattering, quark, ultrarelativistic proton–proton collisions, LHC, ALICE, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, General, 010306 general physics, Physics: 430 [VDP], interaction [hadron hadron], hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, effect [strong interaction], hadron-hadron interaction, strong interaction: effect, space-time: discrete, space-time: lattice, correlation, NATURAL SCIENCES. Physics, Baryon, Hypernuclei, Neutron Stars, Strangeness, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, hadron, Experimental particle physics
Abstract: One of the key challenges for nuclear physics today is to understand from first principles the effective interaction between hadrons with different quark content. First successes have been achieved using techniques that solve the dynamics of quarks and gluons on discrete space-time lattices1,2. Experimentally, the dynamics of the strong interaction have been studied by scattering hadrons off each other. Such scattering experiments are difficult or impossible for unstable hadrons3–6 and so high-quality measurements exist only for hadrons containing up and down quarks7. Here we demonstrate that measuring correlations in the momentum space between hadron pairs8–12 produced in ultrarelativistic proton–proton collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) provides a precise method with which to obtain the missing information on the interaction dynamics between any pair of unstable hadrons. Specifically, we discuss the case of the interaction of baryons containing strange quarks (hyperons). We demonstrate how, using precision measurements of proton–omega baryon correlations, the effect of the strong interaction for this hadron–hadron pair can be studied with precision similar to, and compared with, predictions from lattice calculations13,14. The large number of hyperons identified in proton–proton collisions at the LHC, together with accurate modelling15 of the small (approximately one femtometre) inter-particle distance and exact predictions for the correlation functions, enables a detailed determination of the short-range part of the nucleon-hyperon interaction., Correlations in momentum space between hadrons created by ultrarelativistic proton–proton collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider provide insights into the strong interaction, particularly the short-range dynamics of hyperons—baryons that contain strange quarks.
Published: 2020
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22. Lagrangian analysis of the fluid transport induced by the interaction of two co-axial co-rotating vortex rings

Author: Suyang Qin, Hong Liu, Haiyan Lin, Hui Xu, and Yang Xiang
Subjects: Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Strong interaction, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, Weak interaction, Impulse (physics), Vorticity, Condensed Matter Physics, Fluid transport, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 0201 civil engineering, Vortex, Vortex ring, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Mechanics of Materials, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Modeling and Simulation, 0103 physical sciences, Lagrangian analysis
Abstract: In this paper, the fluid transport in the interaction of two co-axial co-rotating vortex rings are investigated. Vortex rings are generated using the piston-cylinder apparatus, and the resulting velocity fields are measured using digital particle image velocimetry. The interaction process is analysed by means of vorticity contour, as well by investigation of the Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) defined by the ridges of the finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE). Experimental results demonstrate that two types of vortex interaction are identified, namely strong and weak interactions, respectively. For the strong interaction, the Lagrangian boundaries of the two vortex rings are merged together and form a flux window for fluid transport. For weak interaction, only the Lagrangian drift induced by the motion of the front vortex ring is observed and affects the Lagrangian boundary of the rear vortex ring. Moreover, the fluids transported in the strong interaction carry considerable momentum but no circulation. By contrast, there are nearly no fluxes occurring in the weak interaction. By tracking the variations of circulation and impulse occupied by the separated regions distinguished by the LCSs, it is found that the circulation nearly has no change, but the impulse occupied by vortex core region has significant change. In the strong interaction, the impulse of rear vortex ring decreases but the impulse of the front vortex ring increases. Based on the impulse law, it is speculated that the fluid force generated by the formation of the rear vortex rings can be enhanced. Therefore, the strong interaction between wake vortices can actually improve the propulsive efficiency of the biological systems by operating the formation of large-scale vortices.
Published: 2020
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23. Resonant phase-matching between a light wave and a free-electron wavefunction

Author: Saar Nehemia, Kangpeng Wang, Michael Shentcis, Raphael Dahan, Yaniv Kurman, Morgan H. Lynch, Xihang Shi, Ido Kaminer, Yuval Adiv, Orr Be’er, and Ori Reinhardt
Subjects: Free electron model, Physics, Photon, Field (physics), Strong interaction, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Wave function, Quantum, Light field
Abstract: Quantum light–matter interactions of bound electron systems have been studied extensively. By contrast, quantum interactions of free electrons with light have only become accessible in recent years, following the discovery of photon-induced near-field electron microscopy (PINEM). So far, the fundamental free electron–light interaction in all PINEM experiments has remained weak due to its localized near-field nature, which imposes an energy–momentum mismatch between electrons and light. Here, we demonstrate a strong interaction between free-electron waves and light waves, resulting from precise energy–momentum phase-matching with the extended propagating light field. By exchanging hundreds of photons with the field, each electron simultaneously accelerates and decelerates in a coherent manner. Consequently, each electron’s quantum wavefunction evolves into a quantized energy comb, spanning a bandwidth of over 1,700 eV, requiring us to extend the PINEM theory. Our observation of coherent electron phase-matching with a propagating wave is a type of inverse-Cherenkov interaction that occurs with a quantum electron wavefunction, demonstrating how the extended nature of the electron wavefunction can alter stimulated electron–light interactions. Energy–momentum phase-matching enables strong interactions between free electrons and light waves. As a result, the wavefunction of the electron exhibits a comb structure, which was observed using photon-induced near-field electron microscopy.
Published: 2020
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24. Discoveries of the pentaquark states

Author: Yang Gao
Subjects: Quark, Physics, Particle physics, Multidisciplinary, Meson, High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Strong interaction, Hadron, Quark model, Elementary particle, Pentaquark, Baryon, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Protons and neutrons are not fundamental particles, instead are formed by quarks. Thousands of multi-quark particles were discovered in cosmic rays or particle accelerators. However, within the past decades after the quark model was proposed by Gell-Mann and Zweig, only two categories of strongly interacting particles were known: Baryons (such as protons and neutrons) that are made from three quarks, and mesons that are made from one quark and one antiquark. But what other configurations of quarks and antiquarks can form a particle? This question is theoretically difficult to answer. Yet new particles with different combinations of quarks keep popping up in experiments. In 2015, the best evidence for the existence of an exotic type of particle called as pentaquark, a never-before-seen formation of five quarks, was discovered by physicists working on the Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) experiment at European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). The detection of this particle is a major breakthrough in learning more about the nature of the strong forces that bound quarks together. In a sample of about 26000 Λ b 0 → J/ψK − p decays collected by the LHCb detector, a significant enhancement structure was observed in the J/ψp mass distribution. The pentaquark signal populated well separatedly from those contributions of Λ * → K − p on the “Dalitz” plot using the K–p and J/ψp invariant mass-squared as independent variables. The amplitude analysis revealed two pentaquark states were needed to describe dataset. They were formally named as Pc(4450)+ and Pc(4380)+ with statistical significances greater than 9 standard deviations: One has a mass of (4449.8 ±1.7±2.5) MeV and a width of (39 ±5±19) MeV, while the other is wider, with a mass of (4380 ±8±29) MeV and a width of (205 ±18±86) MeV. Both pentaquarks that LHCb physicists observed decaying strongly into a J/ψ particle and a proton, must have a minimal quark content of c c ¯ uud, and thus are charmonium pentaquarks. Recently the analysis has been reoptimized based on the data collected to date. A sample of 2.5×105 Λ b 0 → J/ψK − p decays was selected, nine times more than those used in the previous analysis. A new pentaquark state Pc(4312) was discovered with a mass near 4312 MeV. The Pc(4450) state was found to be the superposition of two nearby states at 4440 and 4457 MeV respectively. In an attempt to interpret the discoveries by the LHCb experiment, the pentaquark was conjectured as a tightly bound system of all five quarks, or a weakly bound “molecular” system of a baryon and a meson. Accurate description of a multi-quark system using the theory of the strong force and quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is an extremely difficult problem. In fact, there are many combinations how five quarks are bound within the pentaquark. The five quarks could be tightly bound within a single structure, for example. Another possibility is that a quark and an antiquark are bound together to form a meson and the remaining three quarks form a baryon. The meson and baryon could then be bound to each other to create a structure resembling a subatomic molecule. Exploring the structure of pentaquarks as one of novel frontiers in high energy physics paves a new era to study the nature of strong interactions, which is an important stepping-stone in our good understanding of the strong force, the least well known of the four forces in nature.
Published: 2020
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25. Non-Markovian Corrections to Quantum Regression Theorem for the Strong Coupling Spin-Boson Model

Author: Arzu Kurt
Subjects: Physics, Quantum dynamics, Strong interaction, Fizik, Uygulamalı, General Engineering, Markov process, Regression, Physics, Applied, symbols.namesake, Quantum mechanics, Strong coupling, symbols, Quantum regression theorem,open quantum systems,spin-boson model,quantum dynamics,two-time correlation functions, Quantum, Boson, Spin-½
Abstract: We report the results of an investigation of the effects of non-Markovian corrections to the dynamics of two-time correlation functions of the strong interaction spin-boson model. Beyond quantum regression theorem corrections are taken into account at the low environmental temperatures for a two-level system (TLS) which is in contact with a structured bath. The results indicate that the corrections lead to appreciable (small) quantitative (qualitative) differences for both biased and non-biased TLS settings.
Published: 2020
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26. Neutral Kaon Femtoscopy in STAR

Author: D. Pawłowska
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Strange quark, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Strong interaction, Observable, Strangeness, Quantum number, Nuclear matter, 01 natural sciences, Pion, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract: Properties of nuclear matter can be studied by relativistic heavy-ion collisions in high-energy experiments like STAR. One of the methods to learn about properties of nuclear matter is femtoscopy, which relies on information carried by particles produced in the collisions. Using femtoscopic observables, space-time characteristics of the source can be extracted. During heavy-ion collisions mostly pions are produced, and therefore pion femtoscopy is a particularly useful tool. High statistics data sets from RHIC have also made it possible to study the strange particle correlations. The lightest strange hadrons are charged and neutral kaons. The strong interaction, which conserves the strangeness quantum number, is responsible for the kaon production. It is possible to study the neutral kaons, $$K_{S}^{0}$$, which can be measured through their decay products to charged pions. In these proceedings, one-dimensional correlation functions of neutral kaon pairs in Au + Au collisions at $$\sqrt {{{s}_{{NN}}}} $$ = 200 GeV measured by the STAR experiment at RHIC are presented.
Published: 2020
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27. Isotope Effect is the Paradigm of A Non-accelerator Study of the Residual Nuclear Strong Interaction

Author: VG Plekhanov
Subjects: Physics, Chemical physics, 0103 physical sciences, Strong interaction, Kinetic isotope effect, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Residual, 01 natural sciences
Abstract: Artificial activation of the strong interaction by adding of one neutron to the nucleus causes the global reconstruction of the macroscopic characteristics of solids. The experimental evidence of macroscopic manifestation of the strong interaction in optical spectra of solids which are different by term of one neutron from each other (using LiD crystals instead of LiH) has been presented. This evidence is directly seen from luminescence (reflection) and scattering spectra. As far as the gravitation, electromagnetic and weak interactions are the same in both of kind crystals, it only emerges the strong interaction in deuterium nucleus. Therefore a sole conclusion is made that the renormalization of the energy of electromagnetic excitations (electrons, excitons, phonons) is carried out by the strong nuclear interaction. There is a common place in Standard Model of modern physics that the strong nuclear force does not act on leptons. Our experimental results show the violation of this strong conclusion. The necessity to take into account the more close relation between quantum chromodynamics and quantum electrodynamics is underlined. In the first step the quantum electrodynamics should be taken into account the strong interaction at the description of elementary excitations (electrons, excitons, phonons) dynamics in solids. Our experimental results may shed light on a number of fundamental puzzles in modern physics, particularly on the unification of forces.
Published: 2020
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28. The Shape Analysis at One End of the Flux Tube with Dynamical Quarks

Author: Sodbileg Chagdaa, Enkhtuya Galsandorj, and Battogtokh Purev
Subjects: Physics, Quark, critical temperature, Flux tube, full qcd, strong interaction, Mechanics, lcsh:Social Sciences, lcsh:H, confinement, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, lcsh:Q, flux tube, lcsh:Science, General Environmental Science, Shape analysis (digital geometry)
Abstract: In the deconfinement phase transition, we have analyzed the shape of the one end of the flux tube computed by HISQ configurations in full QCD with (2+1) flavors. The ratio of the longitudinal and transverse profile of the parallel chrome-electric field strength revealed that the transverse profile becomes wider than the longitudinal profile when the temperature increases. Also, we found that the comparison, as a function of the distance between two quarks, likely shows melting distances of the flux tube. The melting distances are different for each temperature. They are R = 1.5 fm at T/Tc = 0.97 and R = 1.2 fm at above the critical temperatures T/Tc = 1.00, 1.03, 1.06 and 1.09.
Published: 2020
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29. Parity Violation in Proton–Proton Scattering at High Energies

Author: N. N. Nikolaevc, A. I. Milsteina, and S. G. Salnikova
Subjects: Physics, Elastic scattering, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Proton, Scattering, media_common.quotation_subject, Nuclear Theory, Strong interaction, Inelastic scattering, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, Scattering amplitude, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, media_common
Abstract: A new approach has been proposed to describe parity violation in the scattering of polarized protons by protons at high energies. It has been shown that the P-odd proton- proton scattering amplitude in the tree approximation is much smaller than the P-odd proton-neutron scattering amplitude. Radiative corrections caused by the charge-exchange strong interaction are mainly responsible for P-odd asymmetry in proton-proton scattering. It has been predicted that asymmetry in the inelastic scattering cross section is much smaller than asymmetry in the elastic scattering cross section.
Published: 2020
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30. Strong Interaction in the Presence of Chemical Potential and AdS/CFT Correspondence

Author: M. Tajik, S. Bay, and Behnam Pourhassan
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, General Mathematics, Nuclear Theory, Strong interaction, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, String theory, 01 natural sciences, AdS/CFT correspondence, Lattice (order), 0103 physical sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 010306 general physics, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Nucleon
Abstract: In this paper, we use AdS/CFT correspondence to consider holographic model of QCD and study repulsive core of nucleons in the presence of chemical potential. Such low range interaction between nucleons may be calculated using the string theory in the context of AdS/CFT correspondence. We find that variation of nucleon potential with chemical potential at the large $$N_\mathrm{c}$$ limit is very slow; however, we find that nuclear potential affected by non-trivial chemical potential, which yields to more agreement with experiment and lattice results at a very short distances.
Published: 2020
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31. Non-Born–Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics Observed by Coherent Nuclear Wave Packets

Author: Matthias F. Kling, Christian Burger, Taiha Joo, Myeongkee Park, JunWoo Kim, Dong Eon Kim, and Chul Hoon Kim
Subjects: Physics, Wave packet, Strong interaction, Diabatic, Born–Oppenheimer approximation, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Molecular dynamics, symbols.namesake, Reaction dynamics, Molecular vibration, symbols, General Materials Science, Density functional theory, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The reaction dynamics of a photochemical reaction is typically described by reaction coordinates based on the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation. A strong interaction between electrons and nuclei, conventionally occurring at conical intersections, however, breaks the BO approximation and has major consequences for the efficiency of a photochemical reaction. Despite its importance, related studies into the non-BO dynamics are scarce. Here, we investigate the non-BO dynamics of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) occurring in 10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline (HBQ). Two coherent vibrational modes at 237 and 794 cm-1 representing molecular dynamics on a diabatic surface in HBQ are identified by a wave packet analysis based on a transient absorption measurement with a time resolution of 11 fs and with a density functional theory-based model calculation. It is also revealed that the strong Coulomb field effect in HBQ leads to the completion of ESIPT within about two cycles of the OH stretching mode. The work paves the way for time-domain studies of molecular dynamics beyond the BO approximation in other photochemical reactions.
Published: 2020
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32. Calculation of Neutron-Proton Mass Difference by the Monte Carlo Method

Author: S. A. Garelina and A. A. Sobko
Subjects: Physics, Quark, Field (physics), Proton, High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Monte Carlo method, Strong interaction, Gluon, Nuclear physics, Distribution (mathematics), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Calculation results of the Monte Carlo method of the average energy of the electrostatic interaction between the quarks are presented to the neutron and proton. The proposed model of the distribution of quarks in protons and neutrons is possible to assess the area which included a strong (gluon) interaction. Given the fact that the probability of finding a quark in the field with strong interaction is less than one, there is a good agreement between the experimental and calculated values of the mass difference between the neutron and the proton.
Published: 2020
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33. Electrically tuned hyperfine spectrum in neutral Tb(<scp>ii</scp>)(CpiPr5)2 single-molecule magnet

Author: Kyungwha Park, Aleksander L. Wysocki, and Robert L. Smith
Subjects: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph), Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Quantum Physics, Fermi contact interaction, 010405 organic chemistry, Strong interaction, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Electronic structure, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Atomic orbital, Physics - Chemical Physics, Electron configuration, Complete active space, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Spin (physics), Hyperfine structure
Abstract: Molecular spin qubits with long spin coherence time as well as non-invasive operation methods on such qubits are in high demand. It was shown that both molecular electronic and nuclear spin levels can be used as qubits. In solid state systems with dopants, an electric field was shown to effectively change the spacing between the nuclear spin qubit levels when the electron spin density is high at the nucleus of the dopant. Inspired by such solid-state systems, we propose that divalent lanthanide (Ln) complexes with an unusual electronic configuration of Ln$^{2+}$ have a strong interaction between the Ln nuclear spin and the electronic degrees of freedom, which renders electrical tuning of the interaction. As an example, we study electronic structure and hyperfine interaction of the $^{159}$Tb nucleus in a neutral Tb(II)(Cp$^{\rm{iPr5}}$)$_2$ single-molecule magnet (SMM) using the complete active space self-consistent field method with spin-orbit interaction included within the restricted active space state interaction. Our calculations show that the low-energy states arise from $4f^8(6s,5d_{z^2})^1$, 4$f^8$(5$d_{x^2-y^2}$)$^1$, and $4f^8(5d_{xy})^1$ configurations. We compute the hyperfine interaction parameters and the electronic-nuclear spectrum within our multiconfigurational approach. We find that the hyperfine interaction is about one order of magnitude greater than that for Tb(III)Pc$_2$ SMMs. This stems from the strong Fermi contact interaction between the Tb nuclear spin and the electron spin density at the nucleus that originates from the occupation of the $(6s,5d)$ orbitals. We also uncover that the response of the Fermi contact term to electric field results in electrical tuning of the electronic-nuclear level separations. This hyperfine Stark effect may be useful for applications of molecular nuclear spins for quantum computing., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2020
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34. Unusual Field Dependence of the Anomalous Hall Effect in Ta/Tb-Fe-Co

Author: Yi-Ru Chiou, M. D. Davydova, K. A. Zvezdin, Lin-Xiu Ye, Ramesh Chandra Bhatt, Sheng-Zhe Ciou, Jong-Ching Wu, P. N. Skirdkov, Te-Ho Wu, Alexey Kimel, and A. K. Zvezdin
Subjects: Physics, Phase transition, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed matter physics, Strong interaction, General Physics and Astronomy, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic field, Hysteresis, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Ferrimagnetism, Hall effect, Spectroscopy of Solids and Interfaces, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Anisotropy, Phase diagram
Abstract: Experimental studies of anomalous Hall effect are performed for thin filmed Ta/TbFeCo in a wide range of temperatures and magnetic fields up to 3 T. While far from the compensation temperature (TM=277 K) the field dependence has a conventional shape of a single hysteresis loop, just below the compensation point the dependence is anomalous having the shape of a triple hysteresis. To understand this behavior, we experimentally reveal the magnetic phase diagram and theoretically analyze it in terms of spin-reorientation phase transitions. We show that one should expect anomalous hysteresis loops below the compensation point if in the vicinity of it the magnetic anisotropy is dominated by FeCo sublattice due to interaction with Ta., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2020

35. Molecular Structure of Atomic Nucleus

Author: Vu B. Ho
Subjects: Physics, Quantum dynamics, Nuclear Theory, Strong interaction, Yukawa potential, Molecular physics, Schrödinger equation, symbols.namesake, Atomic nucleus, Atom, symbols, Central field approximation, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract: In this work, we extend our work on the Heisenberg model of the neutron formulated as a dwarf hydrogen-like atom under the influence of the More General Exponential Screened Coulomb Potential (MGESCP) to show that an atomic nucleus may possess a molecular structure made up of atoms bonding together by a potential used to describe the strong force associated with a generalised Yukawa MGESCP potential. We show that the neutrons and protons are arranged into narrow lattices therefore they may fold to form three-dimensional shells by bonding similar to hydrogen bonding. In particular, the nucleons may form stable structures such as that of fullerenes in which the vertices are occupied by the nucleons which are simply just protons. For example, a nucleus with a total number of 60 nucleons may arrange itself into the topological structure of a buckminsterfullerene. We also apply Schrodinger wave equation with central field approximation to describe the quantum dynamics of nuclei of atomic atoms that now possess the physical structure of a dwarf molecular ion.
Published: 2020
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36. Entropy and Negentropy Principles in the I-Theory

Author: Christophe Dumas and H. H. Swami Isa
Subjects: Gravitation, Physics, Strong interaction, Condensed Matter::Statistical Mechanics, Quantum level, Negentropy, Statistical physics, Repulsion force, Weak interaction, Entropy (energy dispersal), Fundamental interaction
Abstract: Applying the I-Theory, this paper gives a new outlook about the concept of Entropy and Negentropy. Using S∞ particle as 100% repelling energy and A1 particle as the starting point of attraction, we are able to define Entropy and Negentropy on the quantum level. As the I-Theory explains that repulsion force is driven by Weak Force and attraction is driven by Strong Force, we also analyze Entropy and Negentropy in terms of the Fundamental Forces.
Published: 2020
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37. Superfluid density and collective modes of fermion superfluid in dice lattice

Author: Chao-Fei Liu, Yu-Rong Wu, Yi-Cai Zhang, Xiao-Fei Zhang, and Wu-Ming Liu
Subjects: Hubbard model, Phonon, Science, Strong interaction, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Article, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Superfluidity, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Effective mass (solid-state physics), 0103 physical sciences, Condensed-matter physics, 010306 general physics, Physics, Superconductivity, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Multidisciplinary, Condensed matter physics, Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Filling factor, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Bose-Einstein condensates, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Density of states, Medicine, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases
Abstract: The superfluid properties of attractive Hubbard model in dice lattice are investigated. It is found that three superfluid order parameters increase as the interaction increases. When the filling factor falls into the flat band, due to the infinite large density of states, the resultant superfluid order parameters are proportional to interaction strength, which is in striking contrast with the exponentially small counterparts in usual superfluid (or superconductor). When the interaction is weak, and the filling factor is near the bottom of the lowest band (or the top of highest band), the superfluid density is determined by the effective mass of the lowest (or highest) single-particle band. When the interaction is strong and filling factor is small, the superfluid density is inversely proportional to interaction strength, which is related to effective mass of tightly bound pairs. In the strong interaction limit and finite filling, the asymptotic behaviors of superfluid density can be captured by a parabolic function of filling factor. Furthermore, when the filling is in flat band, the superfluid density shows a logarithmic singularity as the interaction approaches zero. In addition, there exist three undamped collective modes for strong interactions. The lowest excitation is gapless phonon, which is characterized by the total density oscillations. The two others are gapped Leggett modes, which correspond relative density fluctuations between sublattices. The collective modes are also reflected in the two-particle spectral functions by sharp peaks. Furthermore, it is found that the two-particle spectral functions satisfy an exact sum-rule, which is directly related to the filling factor (or density of particle). The sum-rule of the spectral functions may be useful to distinguish between the hole-doped and particle-doped superfluid (superconductor) in experiments.
Published: 2022
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38. The LHCspin project

Author: G. Ciullo, Vittore Carassiti, E. Steffens, M. Santimaria, Paolo Lenisa, L. L. Pappalardo, P. Di Nezza, and Saverio Mariani
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Quark, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Strong interaction, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Gluon, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Quark–gluon plasma, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract: The goal of LHCspin is to develop, in the next few years, innovative solutions and cutting-edge technologies to access spin physics in polarised fixed-target collisions at high energy, exploring the unique kinematic regime offered by LHC and exploiting new final states by means of the LHCb detector. The forward geometry of the LHCb spectrometer is perfectly suited for the reconstruction of particles produced in fixed-target collisions. This configuration, with centre of mass energies ranging from $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}=115~\rm{GeV}$ in $p-p$ interactions to $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}=72~\rm{GeV}$ in heavy ion collisions, allows to cover a wide backward rapidity region, including the poorly explored high$-x$ regime. With the instrumentation of the proposed target system, LHCb will become the first experiment simultaneously collecting unpolarised beam-beam collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}=14~\rm{TeV}$ and both unpolarised and polarised beam-target collisions. The status of the project is presented along with a selection of physics opportunities., Presented at the Low-$x$ Workshop, Elba Island, Italy, September 27--October 1 2021
Published: 2022
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39. Radial excited heavy mesons

Author: Muyang Chen
Subjects: Physics, Pseudoscalar, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Bethe–Salpeter equation, Meson, Excited state, Strong interaction, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Rainbow, Instrumentation
Abstract: In this study, the first radial excited heavy pseudoscalar and vector mesons ( , , , , , and ) are investigated using the Dyson-Schwinger equation and Bethe-Salpeter equation approach. It is shown that the effective interactions of the radial excited states are harder than those of the ground states. With the interaction well determined by fitting the masses and leptonic decay constants of and , the first radial excited heavy mesons could be quantitatively described in the rainbow ladder approximation. The masses and leptonic decay constants of , , , and are predicted.
Published: 2021

40. Unfolding the effects of final-state interactions and quantum statistics in two-particle angular correlations

Author: Łukasz Kamil Graczykowski and Malgorzata Anna Janik
Subjects: Physics, Work (thermodynamics), Nuclear Theory, Monte Carlo method, Strong interaction, FOS: Physical sciences, Approx, Jet (particle physics), Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Momentum, Baryon, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, Quantum statistical mechanics
Abstract: Angular correlations of identified particles measured in ultrarelativistic proton-proton (pp) and heavy-ion collisions exhibit a number of features which depend on the collision system and particle type under consideration. Those features are produced by mechanisms, such as (mini)jets, elliptic flow, resonance decays, and conservation laws. In addition, of particular importance are those related to the quantum statistics (QS) and final-state interactions (FSIs). In this paper we show how to unfold the QS and FSI contributions in angular correlation functions by employing a Monte Carlo approach and using momentum correlations (femtoscopy), focusing on pp reactions. We validate the proposed method with PYTHIA 8 Monte Carlo simulations of pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV coupled to calculations of QS and FSI effects with the Lednick\'y and Lyuboshitz formalism and provide predictions for the unfolded effects. In particular, we show how those effects modify the shape of the angular correlation function with emphasis on pions and protons. Most importantly, specific structures observed in the near-side region for both baryon-baryon and baryon-antibaryon pairs, originating from the strong interaction, are unveiled with the proposed method., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2021
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41. Kaon-proton strong interaction at low relative momentum via femtoscopy in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC

Author: Rafael Peretti Pezzi, Leticia Cunqueiro Mendez, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, Anton Jusko, Raul Arteche Diaz, Lukas Lautner, Jaehyun Kim, In Kwon Yoo, Ivan Kralik, Miroslav Pikna, Mario Sitta, Giacomo Contin, David Karatovic, Saul Anibal Rodriguez Ramirez, Raphaelle Marie Bailhache, Zebo Tang, Elisa Meninno, Linda Vickovic, Nicolo Jacazio, Jochen Klein, Ermanno Vercellin, Tatiana Lazareva, Chun-Lu Huang, S. R. Klein, Bharati Naik, Kirill Lapidus, Rihan Haque, Christian Holm Christensen, Trine Spedstad Tveter, Gianluca Aglieri Rinella, Ivan Kisel, Petr Zavada, Christina Markert, Michelangelo Agnello, Leo Clifford Greiner, Stefano Piano, Evgeny Kryshen, David Dobrigkeit Chinellato, Sarah Louise La Pointe, Germano Bonomi, Przemyslaw Stefan Rokita, Ian Gardner Bearden, Eszter Frajna, Daiki Sekihata, Giuseppe Eugenio Bruno, Michael Rudolf Ciupek, Peter Glassel, Francesca Ercolessi, Lukas Nellen, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, Bartosz Balis, Sven Gotovac, Zabulon Vilakazi, Victor Jose Gaston Feuillard, Roman Lavicka, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, Pritam Chakraborty, Marek Bombara, Ernst Hellbar, Jan Jadlovsky, Dhruv Utpalkumar Dixit, Andreas Michael Mathis, Ganesh Jagannath Tambave, Alexey Kuryakin, Hannah Bossi, Ahsan Mehmood Khan, Vladimir Vechernin, Yasir Ali, Jon-Are Saetre, Eugenio Nappi, Kristjan Herlache Gulbrandsen, Satoshi Yano, Monika Varga-Kofarago, Daniel Berenyi, Johannes Peter Wessels, Martin Schmidt, Peter Christiansen, Pietro Fecchio, Philippe Pillot, Fabio de Moraes Canedo, Silvia Delsanto, Piotr Jan Gasik, Vikas Singhal, Pablo Fierro Rojas, Tinku Sarkar Sinha, Vitaly Okorokov, Roberto Preghenella, Antonino Zichichi, Jorge Andres Lopez Lopez, Guillaume Taillepied, Matteo Concas, Irais Bautista Guzman, Paolo Martinengo, Laszlo Gyulai, Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz, C. Ceballos Sanchez, Laura Serksnyte, Lucia Anna Husova, Gabriel Garcia Guardiano, N. Bianchi, Bhawani Singh, Mihail Bogdan Blidaru, Henner Buesching, Andry Malala Rakotozafindrabe, Tuva Ora Herenui Richert, Siyu Tang, Benedikt Volkel, Michal Sumbera, F. Krizek, Boris Batyunya, Shiming Yuan, Mario Ivan Martinez Hernandez, Panagiotis Christakoglou, Jonghan Park, Samsul Islam, Baidyanath Sahoo, Dukhishyam Mallick, Anastasia Berdnikova, Anju Bhasin, Somnath Kar, Nicola Funicello, Nora De Marco, Fernando Torales Acosta, Rosario Turrisi, Wenjing Deng, Krzysztof Redlich, Evgeny Kondratyuk, Yanchun Ding, Sami Sakari Rasanen, Joakim Nystrand, Juan Manuel Mejia Camacho, David H. Evans, Haakon Andre Reme-Ness, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, Zuzana Jakubcinova, Aude Marie Camille Glaenzer, Ivan Vorobyev, Olja Dordic, Oton Vazquez Doce, Jin Joo Seo, Alessandro Grelli, Naomi van der Kolk, Cindy Mordasini, Vladimir Kaplin, Antoine Jean-Simon Junique, Lucas Altenkamper, Antonio Carlos Oliveira da Silva, Mikhail Malaev, Yitao Wu, Yasuo Miake, Sinjini Chandra, Vojtech Petracek, Andrea Ferrero, Lucrezia Camilla Migliorin, Javier Ernesto Castillo Castellanos, Stefano Trogolo, Patrick Simon Reichelt, Hikari Murakami, Jørgen André Lien, William Edward Witt, Ionel Stan, Mohammed Hamid, Antonio Ortiz Velasquez, Luigi Dello Stritto, Roy Crawford Lemmon, Jana Bielcikova, Guillermo Tejeda Munoz, Costin Grigoras, Marielle Chartier, Alberto Martin Gago Medina, Raimond Snellings, Julian Wojciech Myrcha, Marek Kowalski, Arthur Willem Jean Gal, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, Petr Nomokonov, Anik Gupta, Debjani Banerjee, Alexander Kluge, Jian Liu, Alexey Kurepin, C. Suire, Alexander Adler, Fernando Antonio Flor, Sebastien Perrin, Zubayer Ahammed, Alessandro Balbino, Ulrich Fuchs, Corrado Gargiulo, Evgeny Ryabinkin, Davide Caffarri, Dagmar Adamová, Nicolo' Valle, Siegfried Valentin Foertsch, Paolo Giubellino, Pierre Vande Vyvre, Yury Ryabov, Adam Tadeusz Wegrzynek, Bruno Espagnon, Philippe Crochet, Giacomo Vito Margagliotti, Ida Storehaug, Eugen Mudnic, Sourav Kundu, Meike Charlotte Danisch, Roman Rogalev, Prottoy Das, Robert Vertesi, Bjarte Kileng, David Horak, Rashmi Raniwala, Anantachai Lakrathok, Fabian Pliquett, Mikolaj Krzewicki, Luca Quaglia, Sebastian Hornung, Claude Andre Pruneau, Sarita Sahoo, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, Toru Sugitate, Martin Poghosyan, Roberto Barbera, Dimitar Lubomirov Mihaylov, Johan Alme, Luciano Ramello, Florian Herrmann, Massimo Lamanna, Barbara Jacak, Diego Stocco, Alexander Philipp Kalweit, Omar Vazquez Rueda, Daicui Zhou, Se Yong Kim, Livio Bianchi, Shi Qiu, Jacek Tomasz Otwinowski, Vasco Miguel Chibante Barroso, Luca Barioglio, Brigitte Cheynis, Elena Botta, Ola Slettevoll Groettvik, Manuel Colocci, Jaehyeon Do, Solangel Rojas Torres, Masanori Ogino, Anna Onnerstad, Yue Shi Lai, Yajun Mao, Amelia Lindner, Dmitry Finogeev, Annalisa De Caro, Daniel Michael Muhlheim, Raffaele Grosso, Giuseppe Mandaglio, Sebastian Dominik Koryciak, Jungeol Kim, Kamil Rafal Deja, Laura Helena Gonzalez Trueba, Zhongbao Yin, Jerome Jung, Zhanna Khabanova, Uliana Dmitrieva, Ketil Roeed, Salvatore De Pasquale, Teodor Siemiarczuk, Ester Anna Rita Casula, Joshua Leon Konig, Yury Pestov, Bushra Ali, Sarah Julie Porteboeuf, Maria Barlou, Sanjib Muhuri, Anjali Sharma, Erin Frances Gauger, Marco Toppi, Marian Krivda, Subhadeep Roy, Negin Alizadehvandchali, Federico Cindolo, Liudmila Malinina, Daniel Jia Qin Goh, Tonatiuh Garcia Chavez, Thomas Klemenz, Christophe Furget, Jean Willy Andre Cleymans, Volker Lindenstruth, Francesca Soramel, Grzegorz Andrzej Wilk, Mario Kruger, Antonio Di Mauro, Federico Ronchetti, Norbert Novitzky, Vit Kucera, Jhuma Ghosh, Sabyasachi Siddhanta, Premomoy Ghosh, Maurice Louis Coquet, Miljenko Suljic, Smbat Grigoryan, Gvozden Neskovic, Philip Hauer, Matthias Richter, Rainer Martin Schicker, Rabi Soto Camacho, Dieter Roehrich, Subhasis Chattopadhyay, Muhammad Umair Naru, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, Xing Long Li, Jaime Norman, Michael Jung, Thorsten Sven Kollegger, Alexander Bolozdynya, Christopher Hills, Dushmanta Sahu, Alla Maevskaya, Jeremy John Wilkinson, Meenakshi Sharma, Konstantin Mikhaylov, T. Dietel, R. J. Ehlers, Alberto Caliva, Henrique Jose Correia Zanoli, Domenico Colella, Anselmo Margotti, Youngil Kwon, Andrey Zarochentsev, Nicolas Schmidt, Dezso Varga, Shaista Khan, Felix Reidt, Ramona Lea, Jonathan Samuel Colburn, F. Bock, Ante Bilandzic, Christoph Mayer, Ernesto Calvo Villar, Alex Henri Jean Chauvin, Joyful Elma Mdhluli, Stefano Politano, D. De Gruttola, Jens Robert Luhder, Marten Ole Schmidt, Sergio Paisano Guzman, Mihai Petrovici, Anisa Khatun, Iwona Anna Sputowska, Rosario Nania, Florian Jonas, Alberto Masoni, Chiara Oppedisano, Martin Andreas Volkl, Vladimir Samsonov, Christine Nattrass, Carlos Soncco Meza, Junjie Zhu, Ara Grigoryan, Ana Maria Marin, Mirko Planinic, A. Matyja, Jamila Bashir Butt, Emma Gonzalez Hernandez, Alessandro Ferretti, Janusz Oleniacz, Lawrence Pinsky, Ritsuya Hosokawa, Pooja Pareek, Deekshit Kumar, Chiara Pinto, Raghunath Sahoo, Valerie Ramillien Barret, Bernd Stefan Windelband, Josephina Rae Wright, Varlen Grabski, Antonio Lafuente Mazuecos, Bong-Hwi Lim, Feng Fan, P. G. Jones, Hadi Hassan, Andre Augustinus, L. Betev, M. Mohisin Khan, Borge Svane Nielsen, Thomas Peitzmann, Dmitry Budnikov, Johannes Lehrbach, Pragati Sahoo, Austin Robert Schmier, Dmitry Serebryakov, Nikola Poljak, Alexander Kurepin, Jihye Song, Boris Polishchuk, Vytautas Vislavicius, Mustafa Anaam, Igor Pshenichnov, Mikhail Zhalov, Alwina Ruixin Liu, Mohammad Al-Turany, Sang Un Ahn, Mike Henry Petrus Sas, Michael Lettrich, Kirill Voloshin, Zhi Yu, Debojit Sarkar, Andreas Morsch, Jose Luis Bazo Alba, Natasha Sharma, Neelkamal Mallick, Shingo Sakai, Dimitra Andreou, Austin Vincent Harton, Attiq Ur Rehman, Marie Germain, I. Das, Silvia Arcelli, Adrian Florin Mechler, V. Muccifora, Ranbir Singh, Simon Voigt Nesbø, Monika Joanna Jakubowska, Cynthia Marie Hadjidakis, Tomas Herman, Filip Erhardt, Filippo Baruffaldi, Xinye Peng, Valentina Zaccolo, Hans Rudolf Schmidt, Marek Gorgon, Lee Stuart Barnby, Wenya Wu, Francesca Bellini, Pradip Kumar Sahu, Amrit Gautam, Piero Giubilato, Michael Henry Oliver, Laurent Bernard Aphecetche, Motoi Inaba, Klaus Johannes Reygers, Jin Hee Yoon, Ingrid Mckibben Lofnes, Jan Figiel, Alperen Yuncu, James Philip Iddon, Horst Sebastian Scheid, Vladimir Ivanov, Pranjal Sarma, Christian Claude Kuhn, Shreyasi Acharya, Mengke Cai, Katharina Demmich, Domenico Elia, Viljar Nilsen Eikeland, Natalia Kondratyeva, Mateusz Andrzej Ploskon, J. W. Harris, Seyed Farid Taghavi, Jan Anton Hasenbichler, Marco Giacalone, Alexandre Alarcon Do Passo Suaide, David Michael Rohr, Dariusz Czeslaw Miskowiec, Lucas Anne Vermunt, Klaus Barth, Matthew Daniel Buckland, Jinsook Kim, Romain Schotter, Laure Marie Massacrier, Artem Shangaraev, Dirk Hutter, Christian Lippmann, Luis Gustavo Pereira, Benjamin Donigus, Filippo Costa, Herve Borel, Dominik Voscek, Ilya Selyuzhenkov, Alice Elisabeth Ohlson, Jan Honermann, Sergey Filchagin, Marco Bregant, Roelof Jan Gijs van Weelden, Ezra Douglas Lesser, Alexander Vodopyanov, Oskari Antti Matti Saarimaki, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Jaroslav Bielcik, Ji-Young Kim, Ryan Patrick Hannigan, Elena Rogochaya, Bruno Alessandro, Enrico Fragiacomo, Boris Rumyantsev, S. N. Alam, Sergey Sadovskiy, Arturo Fernandez Tellez, Sergey Nikolaev, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, Ishaan Ahuja, Karel Safarik, Andrey Erokhin, Thibaut Albert Rancien, Gergoe Hamar, Malgorzata Anna Janik, Rutuparna Rath, Hugo Denis Antonio Pereira Da Costa, Tariq Mahmoud, Arseniy Shabanov, Sylvain Chapeland, Paolo Camerini, Sergey Voloshin, Suharyo Sumowidagdo, Marta Urioni, Marian Ivanov, Silvia Masciocchi, Thomas Michael Cormier, Lokesh Kumar, Hua Pei, Andrea Danu, Sandeep Dudi, G. Bencedi, Sergio Vergara Limon, Kunal Garg, Maximiliano Puccio, Alek Hutson, H. Caines, Sudhir Raniwala, Andrey Vasiliev, Vladimir Nikulin, Tatiana Karavicheva, Alberto Baldisseri, Deepa Thomas, Jacobb Lee Martinez, Denise Aparecida Moreira De Godoy, Ophelie Bugnon, Constantinos Loizides, Ravindra Singh, Sagarika Swain, Kenta Shigaki, Ayben Karasu Uysal, Hideki Hamagaki, Nikolay Zavyalov, Yoshini Bailung, Alexandr Tumkin, Geun Hee Hong, Tiago Fiorini da Silva, Adrian Horzyk, Enrico Scomparin, Rinaldo Rui, Anton Andronic, Pietro Cortese, Arnon Songmoolnak, Y. Yamaguchi, Svetlana Belokurova, Peter Zahariev Hristov, Alexander Vinogradov, Rita Sadek, Stephan Friedrich Stiefelmaier, Elisa Laudi, Boris Hippolyte, R Jefferson Porter, Stephan Alexander Konigstorfer, Nikita Vozniuk, Ken Oyama, Himanshu Sharma, Mario Rodriguez Cahuantzi, Saikat Biswas, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Marcello Lunardon, Guillaume Batigne, Sandro Christian Wenzel, Andrei Riabov, Massimo Angeletti, Syaefudin Jaelani, Vladimir Zherebchevskii, Paulus Gerardus Kuijer, Peter Kalinak, Marianna Mazzilli, Silvia Pisano, Zuzana Moravcova, Sergey Evdokimov, Oliver Thomas Jevons, Giulio Eulisse, Kilian Eberhard Schwarz, Sizar Aziz, Raquel Estefania Quishpe Quishpe, Oliver Matonoha, Shakeel Ahmad, Sushanta Tripathy, Cristina Terrevoli, Pawel Grzegorz Russek, Xiaomei Li, Supriya Das, Artur Furs, Rishat Sultanov, Vladislav Manko, Jose Ruben Alfaro Molina, Nicola Rubini, Janet Elizabeth Seger, Dibakar Bauri, Amalia Pop, Adriana Telesca, Patrick John Steffanic, Rachid Guernane, Gines Martinez-Garcia, Heidi Maria Rytkonen, Abhi Modak, Alessandra Fantoni, Bernhard Hohlweger, Artem Kotliarov, Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska, Alberto Collu, J. Takahashi, Xiaoming Zhang, Imrich Szarka, Minjung Kim, Jurgen Schukraft, Nicole Bastid, Yifei Zhang, Andrea Alici, Angela Badala, D. H. Kim, Yaroslav Berdnikov, Igor Morozov, Madalina-Gabriela Tarzila, Andrey Kondratyev, Luisa Bergmann, Francesco Noferini, Grazia Luparello, Caitlin Beattie, Natalia Dzalaiova, Paraskevi Ganoti, Fabrizio Grosa, Gabor Biro, Jeongsu Bok, Alexander Borissov, Nataliya Topilskaya, Carlos Duarte Galvan, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, Boris Wagner, Peter Matthew Bond, Dmitry Yurevich Peresunko, Florian Paul Andre Damas, Ankhi Roy, Christian Klein-Boesing, Hartmut Hillemanns, Ionut Cristian Arsene, Maxime Guilbaud, Francesco Mazzaschi, Victor Trubnikov, Julien Faivre, Yves Roland Schutz, Vladislav Grigoryev, Mohamad Tarhini, Cristiane Jahnke, G.L. Usai, Dmitry Blau, Rahul Ramachandran Nair, Renu Bala, Nachiketa Sarkar, Petra Loncar, Eleazar Cuautle Flores, Corey James Myers, Thomas Janson, Sebastian Adam Bysiak, Ran Xu, Arturo Tauro, Soyeon Cho, Shinichi Hayashi, Victor Gonzalez, Alexey Bogdanov, Randhir Singh, A. Alkin, Anand Kumar Dubey, Catalin-Lucian Ristea, Swati Saha, Hiroki Yokoyama, Jacopo Pazzini, Gokhan Halimoglu, Andrea Rossi, Georgui Kornakov, Chiara Zampolli, Vitaly Loginov, Neelima Agrawal, Corrado Cicalo, Sanchari Thakur, Cristian Andrei, Venelin Anguelov, Johanna Stachel, Vikash Sumberia, Jesus Ricardo Alvarado Garcia, Marco van Leeuwen, Sergey Gorbunov, Yuko Sekiguchi, Stefan Kirsch, Antonio Trifiro, John Jowett, Sara Vallero, Auro Prasad Mohanty, Mauro Rogerio Cosentino, Yongwook Baek, Lidia Maria Gorlich, Kenneth Francis Read, Paula Fernanda Toledo Matuoka, Laura Brittany Havener, Dongfang Wang, Sergey Nikulin, Jacek Bogumil Biernat, Oeystein Djuvsland, Lukas Koska, Alexandre Shabetai, Jiyeon Kwon, Sanjay K. Ghosh, Stefano Boi, Cvetan Valeriev Cheshkov, Ildefonso Leon Monzon, Zaida Conesa del Valle, Takumi Osako, Chiara de Martin, A. R. Redelbach, Marko Jercic, Stefania Bufalino, Michal Broz, Alberto Rotondi, Radiy Ilkaev, Martino Gagliardi, Surya Prakash Pathak, Clara Bartels, Andrey Kazantsev, Sumit Kumar Saha, Sean Murray, Fouad Rami, Song Zhang, Adela Kravcakova, Jan de Cuveland, Sonali Padhan, Massimo Masera, Maksim Melnik Storetvedt, Anders Nils Erik Oskarsson, Preeti Dhankher, Oveis Sheibani, Wioleta Rzesa, D. Di Bari, Rune Langøy, Podist Kurashvili, Patrick Huhn, Roberta Arnaldi, Anuj Chandra, Slavka Jadlovska, Johann Joachim Schambach, Jose Garabatos Cuadrado, Maciej Slupecki, Jens Joergen Gaardhoeje, Fabio Filippo Colamaria, Fiorella Maria Celeste Fionda, Martin Vala, Taejun Kim, Alice Mulliri, Piotr Jan Konopka, Biswarup Paul, Sudhir Pandurang Rode, Tim Sebastian Rogoschinski, Guido Alexander Willems, Xiaozhi Bai, Kai Oliver Schweda, Robin Albert Andre Caron, Justin Thomas Blair, Haavard Helstrup, James Declan Mulligan, Giacinto de Cataldo, Evgeny Karpechev, Tomasz Trzcinski, Alessandra Maria Mazzoni, Edgar Dominguez Rosas, Ruben Shahoyan, Fabio Catalano, Markus Keil, Yu-Gang Ma, Janka Vrlakova, Peter Braun-Munzinger, Sanjeev Singh Sambyal, Anders Garritt Knospe, A. Nath, Luis Alberto Perez Moreno, Iouri Belikov, Teo Mrnjavac, Haidar Mas'Ud Alfanda, Barbara Ewa Erazmus, Sumit Basu, Roman Lietava, Beomkyu Kim, Andrea Dubla, Tebogo Joyce Shaba, You Zhou, Valeriy Pozdniakov, Jacek Kitowski, Edith Zinhle Buthelezi, Tulika Tripathy, Bedangadas Mohanty, Junlee Kim, Alexandru Florin Dobrin, Giuseppe Simonetti, Ivan Ravasenga, Michael Karim Habib, Ya Zhu, Christoph Blume, Andrzej Rybicki, Kosei Yamakawa, Lukas Kreis, Anar Rustamov, L. Fabbietti, Ralf Peter Averbeck, Zoltán Varga, Zaenal Akbar, Esther Bartsch, Adrian Sevcenco, Stefano Panebianco, Jonatan Adolfsson, Nima Zardoshti, Gilda Scioli, Gian Michele Innocenti, Jogender Saini, Christos Pliatskas Stylianidis, Christian Schmidt, Bernhard Skaali, A. R. Timmins, Soren Pontoppidan Sorensen, Sanghoon Lim, Mattia Faggin, Giacomo Volpe, Yury Kharlov, Luciano Musa, Serpil Yalcin Kuzu, Mikhail Ippolitov, Livia Terlizzi, Antonio Uras, Chunzheng Wang, Stefania Beole, Milan Tkacik, Theraa Tork, Amanda Nicole Flores, Inayat Rasool Bhat, Marta Verweij, Vladimir Izucheev, Ralf Keidel, Marc Weber, Pradip Kumar Roy, Sergey Shirinkin, Sudipan De, Peter Levai, Mesut Arslandok, R. Bellwied, Alexei Khanzadeev, Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi, Sergey Kiselev, Lukasz Kamil Graczykowski, Valentina Mantovani Sarti, Adrian Fereydon Nassirpour, Georgy Tersimonov, Bas Hofman, Alexander Nyanin, Basanta Kumar Nandi, Sibaliso Mhlanga, Qasim Waheed Malik, Alexandru Bercuci, Joonil Lee, Thomas Humanic, Uzma Tabassam, Simone Ragoni, Ali Zaman, Giulia Clai, Kristin Fanebust Hetland, Svetlana Kushpil, Marco Marquard, Lorenzo de Cilladi, Takuya Kumaoka, Aurora Diozcora Vargas Trevino, Maria Vasileiou, Eun Joo Kim, Antonina Rosano, Nicola Zurlo, Vladimir Kovalenko, Lennart van Doremalen, Mohammad Asif Bhat, Gennady Zinovjev, Sadhana Dash, Shiming Yang, Pengyao Cui, Nicole Alice Martin, Hira Ilyas, Guy Paic, Yury Sibiryak, Seoyoung Noh, Aditya Nath Mishra, Roberto Divia, Yvonne Chiara Pachmayer, Alessandro Feliciello, Purba Bhattacharya, Mohd Danish Azmi, Peter Malzacher, Markus Konrad Kohler, Jetnipit Kaewjai, Peter Chochula, Partha Pratim Bhaduri, Ailec Bell Hechavarria, Vladimir Belyaev, Grigorii Feofilov, Oleg Karavichev, Anatoly Tikhonov, Prottay Das, Tatsuya Chujo, Luca Micheletti, Franco Meddi, Dmitry Aleksandrov, Pavel Larionov, Franck Manso, Alexandra Neagu, Chinorat Kobdaj, Arianna Grisel Torres Ramos, Dong Jo Kim, Michal Meres, Tiziano Virgili, Markus Fasel, Przemyslaw Karczmarczyk, Suman Deb, Federico Antinori, Jan Musinsky, Ombretta Pinazza, Piotr Nowakowski, Alena Gromada, Antonin Maire, Min Jung Kweon, Alexander Akindinov, Antonio Palasciano, Michael Andreas Winn, J. Klay, Jinjin Pan, Yury Melikyan, Vivek Singh, Martin Kroesen, Gustavo Conesa Balbastre, Nikolai Smirnov, Artem Isakov, Sheetal Sharma, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Bernhard Franz Ketzer, Mihaela Gabriela Besoiu, Miroslaw Jablonski, Alberica Toia, Magnus Mager, Pietro Antonioli, Luisa Cifarelli, Qiye Shou, Reynier Cruz Torres, Markus Ball, Despina Hatzifotiadou, Jasper Elias Parkkila, Harald Appelshaeuser, Guillermo Mesa Perez, Georgijs Skorodumovs, Oleksandr Kovalenko, Wadut Shaikh, Giuseppe Trombetta, Peter Martin Jacobs, Jon Christopher Wikne, Alessandro De Falco, Gioacchino Vino, S. T. Heckel, Charles E. Hughes, Robert Helmut Munzer, Ramni Gupta, Laszlo Boldizsar, Dmitry Mal Kevich, Paola Gianotti, Vito Manzari, Arvind Khuntia, Viktor Riabov, Rajendra Nath Patra, Hushnud Hushnud, Serhiy Senyukov, Susanna Costanza, Magnus Rentsch Ersdal, Paola La Rocca, Edmundo Javier Garcia-Solis, Anjaly Sasikumar Menon, Orlando Villalobos Baillie, Jan Fiete Grosse-Oetringhaus, Igor Altsybeev, Davide Pagano, Jiri Mares, Jesus Guillermo Contreras Nuno, Nicole Apadula, Udo Wolfgang Kebschull, Gabriele Fiorenza, Pascal Dupieux, Andrea Dainese, Sergey Fokin, Torsten Alt, Navneet Kumar, K. Krizkova Gajdosova, Matthias Kleiner, Alexander Szabo, Branislav Sitar, Barthelemy von Haller, Sidharth Kumar Prasad, Annalisa Mastroserio, Kjetil Ullaland, Lars Bratrud, Francesco Riggi, Gianluigi Boca, Panagiota Foka, Dmitrii Nesterov, Francesca Carnesecchi, Tabea Maria Eder, Werner Riegler, Taku Gunji, Francesco Prino, Alexander Schmah, Paul Alois Buhler, Aydan Garibli, Jens Wiechula, Darius Keijdener, Ernesto Lopez Torres, Jakub Kvapil, Gerardo Antonio Herrera Corral, Hermann Franz Degenhardt, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Acharya, S., Adamov??, D., Adler, A., Adolfsson, J., Aglieri Rinella, G., Agnello, M., Agrawal, N., Ahammed, Z., Ahmad, S., Ahn, S. U., Ahuja, I., Akbar, Z., Akindinov, A., Al-Turany, M., Alam, S. N., Aleksandrov, D., Alessandro, B., Alfanda, H. M., Alfaro Molina, R., Ali, B., Ali, Y., Alici, A., Alizadehvandchali, N., Alkin, A., Alme, J., Alt, T., Altenkamper, L., Altsybeev, I., Anaam, M. N., Andrei, C., Andreou, D., Andronic, A., Angeletti, M., Anguelov, V., Antinori, F., Antonioli, P., Anuj, C., Apadula, N., Aphecetche, L., Appelsh??user, H., Arcelli, S., Arnaldi, R., Arsene, I. C., Arslandok, M., Augustinus, A., Averbeck, R., Aziz, S., Azmi, M. D., Badal??, A., Baek, Y. W., Bai, X., Bailhache, R., Bailung, Y., Bala, R., Balbino, A., Baldisseri, A., Balis, B., Ball, M., Banerjee, D., Barbera, R., Barioglio, L., Barlou, M., Barnaf??ldi, G. G., Barnby, L. S., Barret, V., Bartels, C., Barth, K., Bartsch, E., Baruffaldi, F., Bastid, N., Basu, S., Batigne, G., Batyunya, B., Bauri, D., Bazo Alba, J. L., Bearden, I. G., Beattie, C., Belikov, I., Bell Hechavarria, A. D. C., Bellini, F., Bellwied, R., Belokurova, S., Belyaev, V., Bencedi, G., Beole, S., Bercuci, A., Berdnikov, Y., Berdnikova, A., Berenyi, D., Bergmann, L., Besoiu, M. G., Betev, L., Bhaduri, P. P., Bhasin, A., Bhat, I. R., Bhat, M. A., Bhattacharjee, B., Bhattacharya, P., Bianchi, L., Bianchi, N., Biel????k, J., Biel????kov??, J., Biernat, J., Bilandzic, A., Biro, G., Biswas, S., Blair, J. T., Blau, D., Blidaru, M. B., Blume, C., Boca, G., Bock, F., Bogdanov, A., Boi, S., Bok, J., Boldizs??r, L., Bolozdynya, A., Bombara, M., Bond, P. M., Bonomi, G., Borel, H., Borissov, A., Bossi, H., Botta, E., Bratrud, L., Braun-Munzinger, P., Bregant, M., Broz, M., Bruno, G. E., Buckland, M. D., Budnikov, D., Buesching, H., Bufalino, S., Bugnon, O., Buhler, P., Buthelezi, Z., Butt, J. B., Bysiak, S. A., Caffarri, D., Cai, M., Caines, H., Caliva, A., Calvo Villar, E., Camacho, J. M. M., Camacho, R. S., Camerini, P., Canedo, F. D. M., Carnesecchi, F., Caron, R., Castillo Castellanos, J., Casula, E. A. R., Catalano, F., Ceballos Sanchez, C., Chakraborty, P., Chandra, S., Chapeland, S., Chartier, M., Chattopadhyay, S., Chauvin, A., Chavez, T. G., Cheshkov, C., Cheynis, B., Chibante Barroso, V., Chinellato, D. D., Cho, S., Chochula, P., Christakoglou, P., Christensen, C. H., Christiansen, P., Chujo, T., Cicalo, C., Cifarelli, L., Cindolo, F., Ciupek, M. R., Clai, G., Cleymans, J., Colamaria, F., Colburn, J. S., Colella, D., Collu, A., Colocci, M., Concas, M., Conesa Balbastre, G., Conesa del Valle, Z., Contin, G., Contreras, J. G., Coquet, M. L., Cormier, T. M., Cortese, P., Cosentino, M. R., Costa, F., Costanza, S., Crochet, P., Cuautle, E., Cui, P., Cunqueiro, L., Dainese, A., Damas, F. P. A., Danisch, M. C., Danu, A., Das, I., Das, P., Das, S., Dash, S., De, S., De Caro, A., de Cataldo, G., De Cilladi, L., de Cuveland, J., De Falco, A., De Gruttola, D., De Marco, N., De Martin, C., De Pasquale, S., Deb, S., Degenhardt, H. F., Deja, K. R., Dello Stritto, L., Delsanto, S., Deng, W., Dhankher, P., Di Bari, D., Di Mauro, A., Diaz, R. A., Dietel, T., Ding, Y., Divi??, R., Dixit, D. U., Djuvsland, ??., Dmitrieva, U., Do, J., Dobrin, A., D??nigus, B., Dordic, O., Dubey, A. K., Dubla, A., Dudi, S., Dukhishyam, M., Dupieux, P., Dzalaiova, N., Eder, T. M., Ehlers, R. J., Eikeland, V. N., Elia, D., Erazmus, B., Ercolessi, F., Erhardt, F., Erokhin, A., Ersdal, M. R., Espagnon, B., Eulisse, G., Evans, D., Evdokimov, S., Fabbietti, L., Faggin, M., Faivre, J., Fan, F., Fantoni, A., Fasel, M., Fecchio, P., Feliciello, A., Feofilov, G., Fern??ndez T??llez, A., Ferrero, A., Ferretti, A., Feuillard, V. J. G., Figiel, J., Filchagin, S., Finogeev, D., Fionda, F. M., Fiorenza, G., Flor, F., Flores, A. N., Foertsch, S., Foka, P., Fokin, S., Fragiacomo, E., Frajna, E., Fuchs, U., Funicello, N., Furget, C., Furs, A., Gaardh??je, J. J., Gagliardi, M., Gago, A. M., Gal, A., Galvan, C. D., Ganoti, P., Garabatos, C., Garcia, J. R. A., Garcia-Solis, E., Garg, K., Gargiulo, C., Garibli, A., Garner, K., Gasik, P., Gauger, E. F., Gautam, A., Gay Ducati, M. B., Germain, M., Ghosh, J., Ghosh, P., Ghosh, S. K., Giacalone, M., Gianotti, P., Giubellino, P., Giubilato, P., Glaenzer, A. M. C., Gl??ssel, P., Goh, D. J. Q., Gonzalez, V., Gonz??lez-Trueba, L. H., Gorbunov, S., Gorgon, M., G??rlich, L., Gotovac, S., Grabski, V., Graczykowski, L. K., Greiner, L., Grelli, A., Grigoras, C., Grigoriev, V., Grigoryan, A., Grigoryan, S., Groettvik, O. S., Grosa, F., Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F., Grosso, R., Guardiano, G. G., Guernane, R., Guilbaud, M., Gulbrandsen, K., Gunji, T., Gupta, A., Gupta, R., Guzman, I. B., Guzman, S. P., Gyulai, L., Habib, M. K., Hadjidakis, C., Halimoglu, G., Hamagaki, H., Hamar, G., Hamid, M., Hannigan, R., Haque, M. R., Harlenderova, A., Harris, J. W., Harton, A., Hasenbichler, J. A., Hassan, H., Hatzifotiadou, D., Hauer, P., Havener, L. B., Hayashi, S., Heckel, S. T., Hellb??r, E., Helstrup, H., Herman, T., Hernandez, E. G., Herrera Corral, G., Herrmann, F., Hetland, K. F., Hillemanns, H., Hills, C., Hippolyte, B., Hofman, B., Hohlweger, B., Honermann, J., Hong, G. H., Horak, D., Hornung, S., Horzyk, A., Hosokawa, R., Hristov, P., Huang, C., Hughes, C., Huhn, P., Humanic, T. J., Hushnud, H., Husova, L. A., Hutson, A., Hutter, D., Iddon, J. P., Ilkaev, R., Ilyas, H., Inaba, M., Innocenti, G. M., Ippolitov, M., Isakov, A., Islam, M. S., Ivanov, M., Ivanov, V., Izucheev, V., Jablonski, M., Jacak, B., Jacazio, N., Jacobs, P. M., Jadlovska, S., Jadlovsky, J., Jaelani, S., Jahnke, C., Jakubowska, M. J., Janik, M. A., Janson, T., Jercic, M., Jevons, O., Jonas, F., Jones, P. G., Jowett, J. M., Jung, J., Jung, M., Junique, A., Jusko, A., Kaewjai, J., Kalinak, P., Kalweit, A., Kaplin, V., Kar, S., Karasu Uysal, A., Karatovic, D., Karavichev, O., Karavicheva, T., Karczmarczyk, P., Karpechev, E., Kazantsev, A., Kebschull, U., Keidel, R., Keijdener, D. L. D., Keil, M., Ketzer, B., Khabanova, Z., Khan, A. M., Khan, S., Khanzadeev, A., Kharlov, Y., Khatun, A., Khuntia, A., Kileng, B., Kim, B., Kim, D., Kim, D. J., Kim, E. J., Kim, J., Kim, J. S., Kim, M., Kim, S., Kim, T., Kirsch, S., Kisel, I., Kiselev, S., Kisiel, A., Kitowski, J. P., Klay, J. L., Klein, J., Klein, S., Klein-B??sing, C., Kleiner, M., Klemenz, T., Kluge, A., Knospe, A. G., Kobdaj, C., K??hler, M. K., Kollegger, T., Kondratyev, A., Kondratyeva, N., Kondratyuk, E., Konig, J., Konigstorfer, S. A., Konopka, P. J., Kornakov, G., Koryciak, S. D., Koska, L., Kotliarov, A., Kovalenko, O., Kovalenko, V., Kowalski, M., Kr??lik, I., Krav????kov??, A., Kreis, L., Krivda, M., Krizek, F., Krizkova Gajdosova, K., Kroesen, M., Kr??ger, M., Kryshen, E., Krzewicki, M., Ku??era, V., Kuhn, C., Kuijer, P. G., Kumaoka, T., Kumar, D., Kumar, L., Kumar, N., Kundu, S., Kurashvili, P., Kurepin, A., Kurepin, A. B., Kuryakin, A., Kushpil, S., Kvapil, J., Kweon, M. J., Kwon, J. Y., Kwon, Y., La Pointe, S. L., La Rocca, P., Lai, Y. S., Lakrathok, A., Lamanna, M., Langoy, R., Lapidus, K., Larionov, P., Laudi, E., Lautner, L., Lavicka, R., Lazareva, T., Lea, R., Lee, J., Lehrbach, J., Lemmon, R. C., Le??n Monz??n, I., Lesser, E. D., Lettrich, M., L??vai, P., Li, X., Li, X. L., Lien, J., Lietava, R., Lim, B., Lim, S. H., Lindenstruth, V., Lindner, A., Lippmann, C., Liu, A., Liu, J., Lofnes, I. M., Loginov, V., Loizides, C., Loncar, P., Lopez, J. A., Lopez, X., L??pez Torres, E., Luhder, J. R., Lunardon, M., Luparello, G., Ma, Y. G., Maevskaya, A., Mager, M., Mahmoud, T., Maire, A., Malaev, M., Malik, Q. W., Malinina, L., Mal'Kevich, D., Mallick, N., Malzacher, P., Mandaglio, G., Manko, V., Manso, F., Manzari, V., Mao, Y., Mare??, J., Margagliotti, G. V., Margotti, A., Mar??n, A., Markert, C., Marquard, M., Martin, N. A., Martinengo, P., Martinez, J. L., Mart??nez, M. I., Mart??nez Garc??a, G., Masciocchi, S., Masera, M., Masoni, A., Massacrier, L., Mastroserio, A., Mathis, A. M., Matonoha, O., Matuoka, P. F. T., Matyja, A., Mayer, C., Mazuecos, A. L., Mazzaschi, F., Mazzilli, M., Mazzoni, M. A., Mdhluli, J. E., Mechler, A. F., Meddi, F., Melikyan, Y., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meninno, E., Menon, A. S., Meres, M., Mhlanga, S., Miake, Y., Micheletti, L., Migliorin, L. C., Mihaylov, D. L., Mikhaylov, K., Mishra, A. N., Mi??kowiec, D., Modak, A., Mohanty, A. P., Mohanty, B., Mohisin Khan, M., Moravcova, Z., Mordasini, C., Moreira De Godoy, D. A., Moreno, L. A. P., Morozov, I., Morsch, A., Mrnjavac, T., Muccifora, V., Mudnic, E., M??hlheim, D., Muhuri, S., Mulligan, J. D., Mulliri, A., Munhoz, M. G., Munzer, R. H., Murakami, H., Murray, S., Musa, L., Musinsky, J., Myers, C. J., Myrcha, J. W., Naik, B., Nair, R., Nandi, B. K., Nania, R., Nappi, E., Naru, M. U., Nassirpour, A. F., Nath, A., Nattrass, C., Neagu, A., Nellen, L., Nesbo, S. V., Neskovic, G., Nesterov, D., Nielsen, B. S., Nikolaev, S., Nikulin, S., Nikulin, V., Noferini, F., Noh, S., Nomokonov, P., Norman, J., Novitzky, N., Nowakowski, P., Nyanin, A., Nystrand, J., Ogino, M., Ohlson, A., Okorokov, V. A., Oleniacz, J., Oliveira Da Silva, A. C., Oliver, M. H., Onnerstad, A., Oppedisano, C., Ortiz Velasquez, A., Osako, T., Oskarsson, A., Otwinowski, J., Oyama, K., Pachmayer, Y., Padhan, S., Pagano, D., Pai??, G., Palasciano, A., Pan, J., Panebianco, S., Pareek, P., Park, J., Parkkila, J. E., Pathak, S. P., Patra, R. N., Paul, B., Pazzini, J., Pei, H., Peitzmann, T., Peng, X., Pereira, L. G., Pereira Da Costa, H., Peresunko, D., Perez, G. M., Perrin, S., Pestov, Y., Petr????ek, V., Petrovici, M., Pezzi, R. P., Piano, S., Pikna, M., Pillot, P., Pinazza, O., Pinsky, L., Pinto, C., Pisano, S., P??osko??, M., Planinic, M., Pliquett, F., Poghosyan, M. G., Polichtchouk, B., Politano, S., Poljak, N., Pop, A., Porteboeuf-Houssais, S., Porter, J., Pozdniakov, V., Prasad, S. K., Preghenella, R., Prino, F., Pruneau, C. A., Pshenichnov, I., Puccio, M., Qiu, S., Quaglia, L., Quishpe, R. E., Ragoni, S., Rakotozafindrabe, A., Ramello, L., Rami, F., Ramirez, S. A. R., Ramos, A. G. T., Rancien, T. A., Raniwala, R., Raniwala, S., R??s??nen, S. S., Rath, R., Ravasenga, I., Read, K. F., Redelbach, A. R., Redlich, K., Rehman, A., Reichelt, P., Reidt, F., Reme-ness, H. A., Renfordt, R., Rescakova, Z., Reygers, K., Riabov, A., Riabov, V., Richert, T., Richter, M., Riegler, W., Riggi, F., Ristea, C., Rode, S. P., Rodr??guez Cahuantzi, M., R??ed, K., Rogalev, R., Rogochaya, E., Rogoschinski, T. S., Rohr, D., R??hrich, D., Rojas, P. F., Rokita, P. S., Ronchetti, F., Rosano, A., Rosas, E. D., Rossi, A., Rotondi, A., Roy, A., Roy, P., Roy, S., Rubini, N., Rueda, O. V., Rui, R., Rumyantsev, B., Russek, P. G., Rustamov, A., Ryabinkin, E., Ryabov, Y., Rybicki, A., Rytkonen, H., Rzesa, W., Saarimaki, O. A. M., Sadek, R., Sadovsky, S., Saetre, J., afa????k, K., Saha, S. K., Saha, S., Sahoo, B., Sahoo, P., Sahoo, R., Sahoo, S., Sahu, D., Sahu, P. K., Saini, J., Sakai, S., Sambyal, S., Samsonov, V., Sarkar, D., Sarkar, N., Sarma, P., Sarti, V. M., Sas, M. H. P., Schambach, J., Scheid, H. S., Schiaua, C., Schicker, R., Schmah, A., Schmidt, C., Schmidt, H. R., Schmidt, M. O., Schmidt, M., Schmidt, N. V., Schmier, A. R., Schotter, R., Schukraft, J., Schutz, Y., Schwarz, K., Schweda, K., Scioli, G., Scomparin, E., Seger, J. E., Sekiguchi, Y., Sekihata, D., Selyuzhenkov, I., Senyukov, S., Seo, J. J., Serebryakov, D., erk??nyt??, L., Sevcenco, A., Shaba, T. J., Shabanov, A., Shabetai, A., Shahoyan, R., Shaikh, W., Shangaraev, A., Sharma, A., Sharma, H., Sharma, M., Sharma, N., Sharma, S., Sheibani, O., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shirinkin, S., Shou, Q., Sibiriak, Y., Siddhanta, S., Siemiarczuk, T., Silva, T. F., Silvermyr, D., Simonetti, G., Singh, B., Singh, R., Singh, V. K., Singhal, V., Sinha, T., Sitar, B., Sitta, M., Skaali, T. B., Skorodumovs, G., Slupecki, M., Smirnov, N., Snellings, R. J. M., Soncco, C., Song, J., Songmoolnak, A., Soramel, F., Sorensen, S., Sputowska, I., Stachel, J., Stan, I., Steffanic, P. J., Stiefelmaier, S. F., Stocco, D., Storehaug, I., Storetvedt, M. M., Stylianidis, C. P., Suaide, A. A. P., Sugitate, T., Suire, C., Suljic, M., Sultanov, R., umbera, M., Sumberia, V., Sumowidagdo, S., Swain, S., Szabo, A., Szarka, I., Tabassam, U., Taghavi, S. F., Taillepied, G., Takahashi, J., Tambave, G. J., Tang, S., Tang, Z., Tarhini, M., Tarzila, M. G., Tauro, A., Tejeda Mu??oz, G., Telesca, A., Terlizzi, L., Terrevoli, C., Tersimonov, G., Thakur, S., Thomas, D., Tieulent, R., Tikhonov, A., Timmins, A. R., Tkacik, M., Toia, A., Topilskaya, N., Toppi, M., Torales-Acosta, F., Tork, T., Torres, R. C., Torres, S. R., Trifir??, A., Tripathy, S., Tripathy, T., Trogolo, S., Trombetta, G., Trubnikov, V., Trzaska, W. H., Trzcinski, T. P., Trzeciak, B. A., Tumkin, A., Turrisi, R., Tveter, T. S., Ullaland, K., Uras, A., Urioni, M., Usai, G. L., Vala, M., Valle, N., Vallero, S., van der Kolk, N., van Doremalen, L. V. R., van Leeuwen, M., Vande Vyvre, P., Varga, D., Varga, Z., Varga-Kofarago, M., Vargas, A., Vasileiou, M., Vasiliev, A., V??zquez Doce, O., Vechernin, V., Vercellin, E., Vergara Lim??n, S., Vermunt, L., V??rtesi, R., Verweij, M., Vickovic, L., Vilakazi, Z., Villalobos Baillie, O., Vino, G., Vinogradov, A., Virgili, T., Vislavicius, V., Vodopyanov, A., Volkel, B., V??lkl, M. A., Voloshin, K., Voloshin, S. A., Volpe, G., von Haller, B., Vorobyev, I., Voscek, D., Vozniuk, N., Vrl??kov??, J., Wagner, B., Wang, C., Wang, D., Weber, M., Weelden, R. J. G. V., Wegrzynek, A., Wenzel, S. C., Wessels, J. P., Wiechula, J., Wikne, J., Wilk, G., Wilkinson, J., Willems, G. A., Windelband, B., Winn, M., Witt, W. E., Wright, J. R., Wu, W., Wu, Y., Xu, R., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y., Yamakawa, K., Yang, S., Yano, S., Yin, Z., Yokoyama, H., Yoo, I. -K., Yoon, J. H., Yuan, S., Yuncu, A., Zaccolo, V., Zaman, A., Zampolli, C., Zanoli, H. J. C., Zardoshti, N., Zarochentsev, A., Z??vada, P., Zaviyalov, N., Zbroszczyk, H., Zhalov, M., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Zherebchevskii, V., Zhi, Y., Zhou, D., Zhou, Y., Zhu, J., Zhu, Y., Zichichi, A., Zinovjev, G., Zurlo, N., Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ALICE, Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Acharya S., Adamova D., Adler A., Adolfsson J., Aglieri Rinella G., Agnello M., Agrawal N., Ahammed Z., Ahmad S., Ahn S.U., Ahuja I., Akbar Z., Akindinov A., Al-Turany M., Alam S.N., Aleksandrov D., Alessandro B., Alfanda H.M., Alfaro Molina R., Ali B., Ali Y., Alici A., Alizadehvandchali N., Alkin A., Alme J., Alt T., Altenkamper L., Altsybeev I., Anaam M.N., Andrei C., Andreou D., Andronic A., Angeletti M., Anguelov V., Antinori F., Antonioli P., Anuj C., Apadula N., Aphecetche L., Appelshauser H., Arcelli S., Arnaldi R., Arsene I.C., Arslandok M., Augustinus A., Averbeck R., Aziz S., Azmi M.D., Badala A., Baek Y.W., Bai X., Bailhache R., Bailung Y., Bala R., Balbino A., Baldisseri A., Balis B., Ball M., Banerjee D., Barbera R., Barioglio L., Barlou M., Barnafoldi G.G., Barnby L.S., Barret V., Bartels C., Barth K., Bartsch E., Baruffaldi F., Bastid N., Basu S., Batigne G., Batyunya B., Bauri D., Bazo Alba J.L., Bearden I.G., Beattie C., Belikov I., Bell Hechavarria A.D.C., Bellini F., Bellwied R., Belokurova S., Belyaev V., Bencedi G., Beole S., Bercuci A., Berdnikov Y., Berdnikova A., Berenyi D., Bergmann L., Besoiu M.G., Betev L., Bhaduri P.P., Bhasin A., Bhat I.R., Bhat M.A., Bhattacharjee B., Bhattacharya P., Bianchi L., Bianchi N., Bielcik J., Bielcikova J., Biernat J., Bilandzic A., Biro G., Biswas S., Blair J.T., Blau D., Blidaru M.B., Blume C., Boca G., Bock F., Bogdanov A., Boi S., Bok J., Boldizsar L., Bolozdynya A., Bombara M., Bond P.M., Bonomi G., Borel H., Borissov A., Bossi H., Botta E., Bratrud L., Braun-Munzinger P., Bregant M., Broz M., Bruno G.E., Buckland M.D., Budnikov D., Buesching H., Bufalino S., Bugnon O., Buhler P., Buthelezi Z., Butt J.B., Bysiak S.A., Caffarri D., Cai M., Caines H., Caliva A., Calvo Villar E., Camacho J.M.M., Camacho R.S., Camerini P., Canedo F.D.M., Carnesecchi F., Caron R., Castillo Castellanos J., Casula E.A.R., Catalano F., Ceballos Sanchez C., Chakraborty P., Chandra S., Chapeland S., Chartier M., Chattopadhyay S., Chauvin A., Chavez T.G., Cheshkov C., Cheynis B., Chibante Barroso V., Chinellato D.D., Cho S., Chochula P., Christakoglou P., Christensen C.H., Christiansen P., Chujo T., Cicalo C., Cifarelli L., Cindolo F., Ciupek M.R., Clai G., Cleymans J., Colamaria F., Colburn J.S., Colella D., Collu A., Colocci M., Concas M., Conesa Balbastre G., Conesa del Valle Z., Contin G., Contreras J.G., Coquet M.L., Cormier T.M., Cortese P., Cosentino M.R., Costa F., Costanza S., Crochet P., Cuautle E., Cui P., Cunqueiro L., Dainese A., Damas F.P.A., Danisch M.C., Danu A., Das I., Das P., Das S., Dash S., De S., De Caro A., de Cataldo G., De Cilladi L., de Cuveland J., De Falco A., De Gruttola D., De Marco N., De Martin C., De Pasquale S., Deb S., Degenhardt H.F., Deja K.R., Dello Stritto L., 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N.
Subjects: atom: exotic, heavy ion: scattering, nucleon: pair, correlation [momentum], exotic, heavy ion, scattering, momentum, correlation, measurement methods, Hadron, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), effective field theory, ALICE, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], effective field theory: chiral, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, chiral [effective field theory], effective field theory, chiral, Physics, atom, exotic, SPECTROSCOPY, atom, strong interaction, nucleon, two-particle, heavy ion, 3. Good health, CERN LHC Coll, kinematics, force, Coulomb, Scattering theory, Nucleon, force, Coulomb [force], Particle Physics - Experiment, Particle physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, strong interaction [K p], QC1-999, FOS: Physical sciences, momentum, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], K p: strong interaction, momentum: correlation, force: Coulomb, nucleon, pair, sensitivity, TeV, scattering length, experimental results, 5020 GeV-cms/nucleon, hadron, 114 Physical sciences, scattering [heavy ion], 0103 physical sciences, SCATTERING, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, ddc:530, Sensitivity (control systems), 010306 general physics, exotic [atom], Exotic atom, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, pair, pair [nucleon], Scattering length, Heavy Ions Experiments, LOW-ENERGY K, DA-PHI-NE, chiral, ALICE, heavy-ion collisions, nuclear physics, correlation, Coulomb, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Physics letters / B 822, 136708 (2021). doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136708, In quantum scattering processes between two particles, aspects characterizing the strong and Coulomb forces can be observed in kinematic distributions of the particle pairs. The sensitivity to the interaction potential reaches a maximum at low relative momentum and vanishing distance between the two particles. Ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at the LHC provide an abundant source of many hadron species and can be employed as a measurement method of scattering parameters that is complementary to scattering experiments. This study confirms that momentum correlations of particles produced in Pb��Pb collisions at the LHC provide an accurate measurement of kaon��proton scattering parameters at low relative momentum, allowing precise access to the $K^- p \to K^- p$ process. This work also validates the femtoscopic measurement in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions as an alternative to scattering experiments and a complementary tool to the study of exotic atoms with comparable precision. In this work, the first femtoscopic measurement of momentum correlations of $K^- p(K^- \overline{p})$ and $K^+p(K^-\overline{p})$ pairs in Pb��Pb collisions at centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=5.02 TeV registered by the ALICE experiment is reported. The components of the $K^-p$ complex scattering length are extracted and found to be $\Re f_0=-0.91 \pm 0.03 \textrm{(stat)}^{+0.17}_{-0.03} \textrm{(syst)}$ and $\Im f_0=0.92 \pm 0.05 \textrm{(stat)}_{-0.33}^{+0.12} \textrm{(syst)}$. The results are compared with chiral effective field theory predictions as well as with existing data from dedicated scattering and exotic kaonic atom experiments., Published by North-Holland Publ., Amsterdam
Published: 2021
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42. Evidence for mixing between ICM and stripped ISM by the analysis of the gas metallicity in the tails of jellyfish galaxies

Author: Alessia Moretti, Andrea Franchetto, Marco Gullieuszik, Rory Smith, Anna Wolter, Cecilia Bacchini, Benedetta Vulcani, Ancla Müller, Neven Tomičić, Matilde Mingozzi, Bianca M. Poggianti, Sean L. McGee, A. Ignesti, Stephanie Tonnesen, ITA, USA, GBR, DEU, and KOR
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Metallicity, Strong interaction, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Interstellar medium, Space and Planetary Science, Intracluster medium, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), 0103 physical sciences, Disc, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Galaxy cluster, Mixing (physics), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: Hydrodynamical simulations show that the ram-pressure stripping in galaxy clusters fosters a strong interaction between stripped interstellar medium (ISM) and the surrounding medium, with the possibility of intracluster medium (ICM) cooling into cold gas clouds. Exploiting the MUSE observation of three jellyfish galaxies from the GAs Stripping Phenomena in galaxies with MUSE (GASP) survey, we explore the gas metallicity of star-forming clumps in their gas tails. We find that the oxygen abundance of the stripped gas decreases as a function of the distance from the parent galaxy disk; the observed metallicity profiles indicate that more than 40% of the most metal-poor stripped clouds are constituted by cooled ICM, in qualitative agreement with simulations that predict mixing between the metal-rich ISM and the metal-poor ICM., Accepted for pubblication in ApJL. 9 pages, 4 figures, and 1 table
Published: 2021

43. Calculation of an Enhanced A1g Symmetry Mode Induced by Higgs Oscillations in the Raman Spectrum of High-Temperature Cuprate Superconductors

Author: M. Puviani, A. Baum, Dirk Manske, Yoichi Ando, Rudi Hackl, and Shimpei Ono
Subjects: Superconductivity, Physics, Condensed matter physics, Strong interaction, General Physics and Astronomy, BCS theory, Symmetry (physics), symbols.namesake, Amplitude, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Higgs boson, symbols, Cuprate, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract: In superconductors the Anderson-Higgs mechanism allows for the existence of a collective amplitude (Higgs) mode which can couple to eV light mainly in a nonlinear Raman-like process. The experimental nonequilibrium results on isotropic superconductors have been explained going beyond the BCS theory including the Higgs mode. Furthermore, in anisotropic $d$-wave superconductors strong interaction effects with other modes are expected. Here we calculate the Raman contribution of the Higgs mode from a new perspective, including many-body Higgs oscillations effects and their consequences in conventional, spontaneous Raman spectroscopy. Our results suggest a significant contribution to the intensity of the ${A}_{1g}$ symmetry Raman spectrum in $d$-wave superconductors. In order to test our theory, we predict the presence of measurable characteristic oscillations in THz quench-optical probe time-dependent reflectivity experiments.
Published: 2021
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44. Experimental Evidence for an Attractive p-φ Interaction

Author: Marian Krivda, Subhadeep Roy, Francesco Noferini, Grzegorz Andrzej Wilk, Matthias Richter, Ante Bilandzic, Lawrence Pinsky, Philippe Pillot, Swati Saha, Hiroki Yokoyama, Cynthia Marie Hadjidakis, Horst Sebastian Scheid, Sergey Kiselev, Natalia Kondratyeva, Mateusz Andrzej Ploskon, Kirill Voloshin, Filippo Costa, Baidyanath Sahoo, Shakeel Ahmad, Krzysztof Redlich, Mikhail Zhalov, Alwina Ruixin Liu, Anna Onnerstad, Suharyo Sumowidagdo, Yanchun Ding, Marta Urioni, Marian Ivanov, Sami Sakari Rasanen, Juan Manuel Mejia Camacho, Stefano Boi, Michal Broz, Mohamad Tarhini, Cristiane Jahnke, Andreas Morsch, Anastasia Berdnikova, Corey James Myers, Stefano Trogolo, Shingo Sakai, Alberto Rotondi, Thomas Klemenz, Catalin-Lucian Ristea, Vitaly Loginov, Vladimir Nikulin, Laura Helena Gonzalez Trueba, Ali Zaman, Giulia Clai, Vikash Sumberia, Jesus Ricardo Alvarado Garcia, Anders Nils Erik Oskarsson, Boris Hippolyte, Marco van Leeuwen, Marco Marquard, Patrick Simon Reichelt, Rosario Nania, Yongwook Baek, Lidia Maria Gorlich, Kenneth Francis Read, Zaida Conesa del Valle, Salvatore De Pasquale, Teodor Siemiarczuk, Peter Chochula, Partha Pratim Bhaduri, Christophe Pierre Suire, Felix Reidt, Patrick Huhn, Slavka Jadlovska, Stefania Bufalino, Song Zhang, Vivek Singh, Sandeep Dudi, G. Bencedi, Lorenzo de Cilladi, Vasco Miguel Chibante Barroso, Luca Barioglio, Brigitte Cheynis, Natasha Sharma, Neelkamal Mallick, Dimitra Andreou, Austin Vincent Harton, Ailec Bell Hechavarria, Vladimir Belyaev, Podist Kurashvili, Raghunath Sahoo, Valerie Ramillien Barret, Josephina Rae Wright, Feng Fan, Stefano Piano, Michael Rudolf Ciupek, Takuya Kumaoka, Aurora Diozcora Vargas Trevino, Martin Kroesen, Supriya Das, Artur Furs, Rafael Peretti Pezzi, Daniel Michael Muhlheim, Ketil Roeed, Grigorii Feofilov, Andrea Rossi, Gustavo Conesa Balbastre, Anselmo Margotti, Artem Isakov, Bernhard Franz Ketzer, Benjamin Donigus, Hugo Denis Antonio Pereira Da Costa, Javier Ernesto Castillo Castellanos, Sebastian Dominik Koryciak, Alexander Kluge, Jhuma Ghosh, Sabyasachi Siddhanta, Michael Lettrich, Subhasis Chattopadhyay, Christophe Furget, Paolo Giubellino, Pierre Vande Vyvre, Victor Jose Gaston Feuillard, Jean Willy Andre Cleymans, Volker Lindenstruth, Francesca Soramel, Pritam Chakraborty, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, Vladislav Manko, Nicola Rubini, Nachiketa Sarkar, Oleg Karavichev, Jian Liu, Sebastien Perrin, Domenico Elia, Alberto Caliva, Henrique Jose Correia Zanoli, Zubayer Ahammed, Nicolas Schmidt, Dezso Varga, Alex Henri Jean Chauvin, Joyful Elma Mdhluli, Stefano Politano, Petra Loncar, D. De Gruttola, Giacomo Vito Margagliotti, Mihai Petrovici, Ara Grigoryan, Jeremy John Wilkinson, Pooja Pareek, Bernd Stefan Windelband, Varlen Grabski, Leticia Cunqueiro Mendez, Dimitar Lubomirov Mihaylov, Bong-Hwi Lim, Johan Alme, Luciano Ramello, Mike Henry Petrus Sas, Anju Bhasin, Daicui Zhou, Alla Maevskaya, Philippe Crochet, Jonatan Adolfsson, Gian Michele Innocenti, Jogender Saini, Christos Pliatskas Stylianidis, Mihaela Gabriela Besoiu, Miroslaw Jablonski, Alberica Toia, Magnus Mager, Ester Anna Rita Casula, Bushra Ali, Sarah Julie Porteboeuf, Maria Barlou, Manuel Colocci, Anatoly Tikhonov, Prottay Das, Tatsuya Chujo, Negin Alizadehvandchali, Gergoe Hamar, Lennart van Doremalen, C. Ceballos Sanchez, Alberto Masoni, Lukas Koska, Somnath Kar, Pietro Antonioli, Mohammad Asif Bhat, Alexander Vinogradov, Dukhishyam Mallick, Nicola Funicello, Andrea Ferrero, Gennady Zinovjev, Sadhana Dash, Christian Schmidt, Zebo Tang, Linda Vickovic, Alexandre Shabetai, Jiyeon Kwon, Antonio Ortiz Velasquez, A. Matyja, Janusz Oleniacz, Bernhard Skaali, Pengyao Cui, Nicole Alice Martin, Mirko Planinic, Luisa Cifarelli, Silvia Pisano, Zuzana Moravcova, S. T. Heckel, Qiye Shou, Sanjay K. Ghosh, Zuzana Jakubcinova, Aude Marie Camille Glaenzer, Nicolo Jacazio, Raquel Estefania Quishpe Quishpe, Luca Micheletti, Yury Ryabov, Ulrich Fuchs, Corrado Gargiulo, Abhi Modak, Fabian Pliquett, Mikolaj Krzewicki, Boris Polishchuk, Marielle Chartier, Despina Hatzifotiadou, Jasper Elias Parkkila, Vytautas Vislavicius, Thomas Peitzmann, Robert Helmut Munzer, Soren Pontoppidan Sorensen, Sanghoon Lim, Raffaele Grosso, Leo Clifford Greiner, Roman Rogalev, Prottoy Das, Miljenko Suljic, Alessandra Fantoni, Franco Meddi, Dmitry Aleksandrov, Pavel Larionov, Franck Manso, Alexandra Neagu, Sibaliso Mhlanga, Qasim Waheed Malik, Alexandru Bercuci, Nora De Marco, Youngil Kwon, Andrey Zarochentsev, Harald Appelshaeuser, Fernando Torales Acosta, Antonio Uras, Chinorat Kobdaj, Arianna Grisel Torres Ramos, Angela Badala, Ritsuya Hosokawa, Adrian Florin Mechler, Guillermo Mesa Perez, Georgijs Skorodumovs, Oleksandr Kovalenko, Dagmar Adamová, David Dobrigkeit Chinellato, Rahul Ramachandran Nair, Jacopo Pazzini, Christian Klein-Boesing, Omar Vazquez Rueda, Hartmut Hillemanns, Yue Shi Lai, Annalisa De Caro, Edgar Dominguez Rosas, Wadut Shaikh, Gokhan Halimoglu, Fabio Catalano, Stefania Beole, Theraa Tork, Lukas Nellen, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, Martin Schmidt, Ionel Stan, Mohammed Hamid, Joonil Lee, Giuseppe Trombetta, Lukas Lautner, Dong Jo Kim, Raphaelle Marie Bailhache, Peter Martin Jacobs, Hadi Hassan, Elisa Meninno, Meike Charlotte Danisch, Matthew Daniel Buckland, Klaus Johannes Reygers, Dominik Voscek, Jon Christopher Wikne, Alessandro De Falco, Gioacchino Vino, Charles E. Hughes, Ramni Gupta, Anand Kumar Dubey, Alexander Szabo, Filip Krizek, Laszlo Boldizsar, Alexander Kurepin, Peter Christiansen, J. W. Harris, Seyed Farid Taghavi, Erin Frances Gauger, Vit Kucera, Premomoy Ghosh, Dmitry Mal Kevich, Paola Gianotti, Marie Germain, Thomas Michael Cormier, Sergey Sadovskiy, Thomas Humanic, Uzma Tabassam, Adela Kravcakova, Preeti Dhankher, Inayat Rasool Bhat, Sanchari Thakur, Francesca Bellini, James Philip Iddon, Laszlo Gyulai, Jaehyeon Do, Solangel Rojas Torres, Emily Jade Willsher, Branislav Sitar, Roelof Jan Gijs van Weelden, Yajun Mao, Xinye Peng, Michal Meres, Tiziano Virgili, Markus Fasel, Vito Manzari, Arvind Khuntia, Ermanno Vercellin, Jose Luis Bazo Alba, Marco Giacalone, Alexandre Alarcon Do Passo Suaide, Mario Kruger, Antonio Di Mauro, Federico Ronchetti, Mengke Cai, Lokesh Kumar, Hua Pei, Ahsan Mehmood Khan, Christian Lippmann, Viktor Riabov, Guido Alexander Willems, Barthelemy von Haller, Deepa Thomas, Silvia Masciocchi, Sidharth Kumar Prasad, Annalisa Mastroserio, Paula Fernanda Toledo Matuoka, Laura Brittany Havener, Maurice Louis Coquet, R. J. Ehlers, Przemyslaw Karczmarczyk, Suman Deb, Federico Antinori, Anisa Khatun, Iwona Anna Sputowska, Ophelie Bugnon, Kenta Shigaki, Ayben Karasu Uysal, Y. Yamaguchi, Alice Elisabeth Ohlson, Simone Ragoni, Jan Honermann, Ezra Douglas Lesser, Kjetil Ullaland, Alexander Vodopyanov, Sergey Shirinkin, Yoshini Bailung, Cindy Mordasini, Lars Bratrud, Jan Musinsky, Luis Gustavo Pereira, Andrey Erokhin, Thibaut Albert Rancien, Andrey Vasiliev, Maciej Slupecki, Jens Joergen Gaardhoeje, Piotr Jan Konopka, Ombretta Pinazza, Michal Sumbera, Peter Glassel, Francesca Ercolessi, Piotr Nowakowski, Alena Gromada, Kai Oliver Schweda, Robin Albert Andre Caron, Anik Gupta, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, Marcello Lunardon, Silvia Delsanto, Enrico Scomparin, Justin Thomas Blair, James Declan Mulligan, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, Alexey Kurepin, Tebogo Joyce Shaba, Anton Jusko, Svetlana Belokurova, Francesco Riggi, Gianluigi Boca, Panagiota Foka, Alexandr Tumkin, Rajendra Nath Patra, Hushnud Hushnud, Stephan Friedrich Stiefelmaier, Geun Hee Hong, Tiago Fiorini da Silva, Serhiy Senyukov, Paulus Gerardus Kuijer, Emma Gonzalez Hernandez, Alessandro Ferretti, Johannes Lehrbach, Susanna Costanza, Irais Bautista Guzman, Vladimir Ivanov, Ji-Young Kim, Magnus Rentsch Ersdal, Paola La Rocca, Edmundo Javier Garcia-Solis, Giulio Eulisse, Kilian Eberhard Schwarz, Bartosz Balis, Dmitrii Nesterov, Francesca Carnesecchi, Tabea Maria Eder, Oliver Matonoha, Alexander Adler, Janet Elizabeth Seger, Alessandro Balbino, Sven Gotovac, Zabulon Vilakazi, Roman Lavicka, Barbara Ewa Erazmus, Florian Herrmann, Massimo Lamanna, Jungeol Kim, Joakim Nystrand, Ivan Kralik, Miroslav Pikna, Mario Sitta, Bernhard Hohlweger, Giacomo Contin, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, Beomkyu Kim, Andrea Dubla, Michelangelo Agnello, Sushanta Tripathy, Cristina Terrevoli, Werner Riegler, Anjaly Sasikumar Menon, Mattia Faggin, Orlando Villalobos Baillie, Jan Fiete Grosse-Oetringhaus, Yury Kharlov, Luciano Musa, Attiq Ur Rehman, Igor Altsybeev, Motoi Inaba, Jin Hee Yoon, Austin Robert Schmier, Davide Pagano, Jiri Mares, Antonin Maire, Zhi Yu, Jesus Guillermo Contreras Nuno, Amalia Pop, Jennifer Lynn Klay, Francesco Mazzaschi, Min Jung Kweon, Marek Bombara, Sanjib Muhuri, Milan Tkacik, Ranbir Singh, Marco Toppi, Ernst Hellbar, Edith Zinhle Buthelezi, Simon Voigt Nesbø, Andreas Michael Mathis, Dmitry Serebryakov, Nikola Poljak, Giuseppe Simonetti, Ivan Ravasenga, Ya Zhu, Amanda Nicole Flores, Alexander Akindinov, Satoshi Yano, Monika Varga-Kofarago, Nicole Apadula, Udo Wolfgang Kebschull, Gabriele Fiorenza, Pascal Dupieux, Andrea Dainese, Rachid Guernane, Meenakshi Sharma, Imrich Szarka, Minjung Kim, Nicole Bastid, Sergey Fokin, Katharina Demmich, Viljar Nilsen Eikeland, Torsten Alt, Chun-Lu Huang, Navneet Kumar, Petr Zavada, Debojit Sarkar, Antonio Palasciano, Michael Andreas Winn, Gerardo Antonio Herrera Corral, Vladimir Vechernin, Yasir Ali, Hermann Franz Degenhardt, Raul Arteche Diaz, Marta Verweij, Ralf Peter Averbeck, Laure Marie Massacrier, Malgorzata Anna Janik, Yifei Zhang, Jon-Are Saetre, Jeongsu Bok, Haidar Mas'Ud Alfanda, Daniel Berenyi, Rutuparna Rath, Christina Markert, Paolo Martinengo, Eugenio Nappi, Vladimir Izucheev, Sumit Basu, K. Krizkova Gajdosova, Matthias Kleiner, Marc Weber, Anthony Robert Timmins, Haakon Andre Reme-Ness, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, Tatiana Lazareva, Christian Holm Christensen, Jinjin Pan, Yury Melikyan, Jihye Song, Sarah Louise La Pointe, Germano Bonomi, Adrian Horzyk, Bedangadas Mohanty, Kristjan Herlache Gulbrandsen, David Karatovic, Saul Anibal Rodriguez Ramirez, Johannes Peter Wessels, S. R. Klein, Dmitry Yurevich Peresunko, Junlee Kim, Elisa Laudi, R Jefferson Porter, Guillermo Tejeda Munoz, Costin Grigoras, Nikolai Smirnov, Sheetal Sharma, Ida Storehaug, Michael Karim Habib, Jan Jadlovsky, Laura Serksnyte, Lucia Anna Husova, Raphael Noel Tieulent, Reynier Cruz Torres, Markus Ball, Przemyslaw Stefan Rokita, Evgeny Kryshen, Dhruv Utpalkumar Dixit, Gabriel Garcia Guardiano, Zoltán Varga, Ankhi Roy, Sebastian Adam Bysiak, Latchezar Betev, Roberto Preghenella, Taku Gunji, Francesco Prino, Alexander Schmah, Matteo Concas, Adrian Sevcenco, Alexey Bogdanov, Stefano Panebianco, Roy Crawford Lemmon, Lucas Altenkamper, Yitao Wu, Jun Takahashi, Jana Bielcikova, Robert Vertesi, Paul Alois Buhler, Aydan Garibli, Jens Wiechula, Bjarte Kileng, Kamil Rafal Deja, Peter Graham Jones, Smbat Grigoryan, Gvozden Neskovic, Darius Keijdener, Rainer Martin Schicker, Ernesto Lopez Torres, Bhawani Singh, Mihail Bogdan Blidaru, Antoine Jean-Simon Junique, Yasuo Miake, Sinjini Chandra, Jakub Kvapil, Ernesto Calvo Villar, Georgui Kornakov, Andre Augustinus, Vojtech Petracek, Debjani Banerjee, Fernando Antonio Flor, Davide Caffarri, Nicolo' Valle, Bharati Naik, Kirill Lapidus, Yury Pestov, Tariq Mahmoud, Sylvain Chapeland, Rinaldo Rui, Sergey Evdokimov, Ganesh Jagannath Tambave, Alberto Collu, Xiaoming Zhang, Henner Buesching, Carlos Duarte Galvan, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, Boris Wagner, Shinichi Hayashi, David H. Evans, Antonio Carlos Oliveira da Silva, Diego Stocco, Eugen Mudnic, Daniel Jia Qin Goh, Tonatiuh Garcia Chavez, Jamila Bashir Butt, Christian Claude Kuhn, Emma Sophia Chizzali, Shreyasi Acharya, Sergey Nikolaev, Constantinos Loizides, Ravindra Singh, Sagarika Swain, Hideki Hamagaki, Nikolay Zavyalov, Vladimir Zherebchevskii, Peter Kalinak, Marianna Mazzilli, Adriana Telesca, Patrick John Steffanic, Peter Matthew Bond, Ionut Cristian Arsene, Arturo Tauro, Soyeon Cho, A. Alkin, Florian Eisenhut, Antonio Trifiro, Auro Prasad Mohanty, Tim Sebastian Rogoschinski, Takumi Osako, Peter Braun-Munzinger, Sanjeev Singh Sambyal, A. Nath, Luis Alberto Perez Moreno, Valeriy Pozdniakov, Jacek Kitowski, Sean Murray, Lukas Kreis, Zaenal Akbar, Serpil Yalcin Kuzu, Alberto Martin Gago Medina, Ralf Keidel, Johann Joachim Schambach, Peter Levai, Fiorella Maria Celeste Fionda, Shi Qiu, Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi, Jacek Tomasz Otwinowski, Zhanna Khabanova, Adrian Fereydon Nassirpour, Sudhir Pandurang Rode, Georgy Tersimonov, Bas Hofman, Maria Vasileiou, Eun Joo Kim, Nicola Zurlo, Vladimir Kovalenko, Shiming Yang, Hira Ilyas, Sarita Sahoo, Giuseppe Mandaglio, Joshua Leon Konig, Christoph Mayer, Jens Robert Luhder, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, Ishaan Ahuja, Filippo Baruffaldi, Sergey Filchagin, Marco Bregant, Oskari Antti Matti Saarimaki, Luisa Bergmann, Andrea Danu, Thomas Janson, Guillaume Batigne, Massimo Angeletti, Evgeny Karpechev, Tomasz Trzcinski, Pawel Grzegorz Russek, Xiaomei Li, Markus Keil, Renu Bala, Christoph Blume, Andrzej Rybicki, Kosei Yamakawa, Anar Rustamov, Esther Bartsch, Nima Zardoshti, Giacomo Volpe, Mikhail Ippolitov, Livia Terlizzi, Chunzheng Wang, Mauro Rogerio Cosentino, Jose Garabatos Cuadrado, Fabio Filippo Colamaria, Xiaozhi Bai, Haavard Helstrup, Giacinto de Cataldo, Anders Garritt Knospe, Tomas Herman, Amrit Gautam, Michael Henry Oliver, Laurent Bernard Aphecetche, Iouri Belikov, Thomas Dietel, Roman Lietava, Herve Borel, You Zhou, Bruno Alessandro, Alek Hutson, H. Caines, Sudhir Raniwala, Tatiana Karavicheva, Denise Aparecida Moreira De Godoy, Alexandru Florin Dobrin, Mario Rodriguez Cahuantzi, Sandro Christian Wenzel, Syaefudin Jaelani, Laura Fabbietti, Dibakar Bauri, Gines Martinez-Garcia, Grazia Luparello, Caitlin Beattie, Natalia Dzalaiova, Paraskevi Ganoti, Fabrizio Grosa, Eleazar Cuautle Flores, Victor Gonzalez, Silvia Arcelli, Randhir Singh, Raffaele del Grande, Dariusz Czeslaw Miskowiec, Lucas Anne Vermunt, Oton Vazquez Doce, Julian Wojciech Myrcha, Arthur Willem Jean Gal, Rainer Arno Ernst Renfordt, Jinsook Kim, Romain Schotter, Petr Nomokonov, David Horak, Rashmi Raniwala, Anantachai Lakrathok, Luca Quaglia, Sebastian Hornung, Claude Andre Pruneau, Roberto Barbera, Paolo Camerini, Elena Botta, Sergey Voloshin, Zhongbao Yin, Jerome Jung, Philip Hauer, Rabi Soto Camacho, Ana Maria Marin, Peter Zahariev Hristov, Ken Oyama, Himanshu Sharma, Artem Kotliarov, Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska, Madalina-Gabriela Tarzila, Mesut Arslandok, Alexei Khanzadeev, Lukasz Kamil Graczykowski, Valentina Mantovani Sarti, Alexander Nyanin, Basanta Kumar Nandi, Rishat Sultanov, Kristin Fanebust Hetland, Svetlana Kushpil, Antonina Rosano, Dmitry Blau, Sergey Gorbunov, Yuko Sekiguchi, Boris Batyunya, Chiara de Martin, A. R. Redelbach, Shiming Yuan, Oveis Sheibani, Wioleta Rzesa, Rune Langøy, Roberta Arnaldi, Anuj Chandra, Maxime Guilbaud, Mario Ivan Martinez Hernandez, Rosario Turrisi, Wenjing Deng, Teo Mrnjavac, Tulika Tripathy, Evgeny Kondratyuk, Gilda Scioli, Pradip Kumar Roy, Sudipan De, Evgeny Ryabinkin, Guy Paic, Yury Sibiryak, Seoyoung Noh, Hikari Murakami, Jørgen André Lien, William Edward Witt, Aditya Nath Mishra, Roberto Divia, Luigi Dello Stritto, Adam Tadeusz Wegrzynek, Yvonne Chiara Pachmayer, Alessandro Feliciello, Se Yong Kim, Amelia Lindner, Dmitry Finogeev, Purba Bhattacharya, Mohd Danish Azmi, Peter Malzacher, Markus Konrad Kohler, Bruno Espagnon, Jetnipit Kaewjai, Pietro Cortese, Rita Sadek, Andrei Riabov, Sourav Kundu, Ola Slettevoll Groettvik, Oliver Thomas Jevons, Rene Bellwied, Florian Jonas, Liudmila Malinina, Sizar Aziz, Pragati Sahoo, Norbert Novitzky, Monika Joanna Jakubowska, Giulio Usai, Ramona Lea, Jonathan Samuel Colburn, Marten Ole Schmidt, Sergio Paisano Guzman, Chiara Pinto, D. H. Kim, Dirk Hutter, Gabor Biro, Arturo Fernandez Tellez, Sergio Vergara Limon, Kunal Garg, Maximiliano Puccio, Raimond Snellings, Alexander Borissov, Vladislav Grigoryev, Giuseppe Bruno, Jose Ruben Alfaro Molina, Igor Morozov, Nataliya Topilskaya, Stefan Kirsch, Sergey Nikulin, Ran Xu, Johanna Stachel, Livio Bianchi, Dongfang Wang, Jacek Bogumil Biernat, Alexander Bolozdynya, Konstantin Mikhaylov, Federico Cindolo, Oeystein Djuvsland, Cvetan Valeriev Cheshkov, Ildefonso Leon Monzon, Radiy Ilkaev, Surya Prakash Pathak, Shaista Khan, Fouad Rami, F. Bock, Deekshit Kumar, Dmitry Budnikov, Antonio Lafuente Mazuecos, Igor Pshenichnov, I. Das, M. Mohisin Khan, Borge Svane Nielsen, Ingrid Mckibben Lofnes, Jan Figiel, Alperen Yuncu, Klaus Barth, Tinku Sarkar Sinha, Vitaly Okorokov, Ivan Vorobyev, Jin Joo Seo, Alessandro Grelli, Naomi van der Kolk, Alberto Baldisseri, Fabio de Moraes Canedo, Siegfried Valentin Foertsch, Piotr Jan Gasik, Vikas Singhal, Antonino Zichichi, Jorge Andres Lopez Lopez, Guillaume Taillepied, Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz, Valeria Muccifora, David Michael Rohr, Vladimir Kaplin, Dieter Roehrich, Muhammad Umair Naru, Xing Long Li, Jaime Norman, Marek Kowalski, Artem Shangaraev, Nicola Bianchi, Mustafa Anaam, Marek Gorgon, Lee Stuart Barnby, Wenya Wu, Pradip Kumar Sahu, Piero Giubilato, Jan Anton Hasenbichler, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Jaroslav Bielcik, Ryan Patrick Hannigan, Elena Rogochaya, Enrico Fragiacomo, Jacobb Lee Martinez, Jaehyun Kim, In Kwon Yoo, Anton Andronic, Jochen Klein, Heidi Maria Rytkonen, Trine Spedstad Tveter, Gianluca Aglieri Rinella, Ivan Kisel, Yaroslav Berdnikov, Florian Paul Andre Damas, Neelima Agrawal, Corrado Cicalo, John Jowett, Pablo Fierro Rojas, Martino Gagliardi, Clara Bartels, D. Di Bari, Martin Vala, Taejun Kim, Lucrezia Camilla Migliorin, Rihan Haque, Arnon Songmoolnak, Saikat Biswas, Ian Gardner Bearden, Eszter Frajna, Daiki Sekihata, Andrea Alici, Alexey Kuryakin, Hannah Bossi, Andrey Kondratyev, Yves Roland Schutz, Cristian Andrei, Venelin Anguelov, Andry Malala Rakotozafindrabe, Tuva Ora Herenui Richert, Siyu Tang, Benedikt Volkel, Mikhail Malaev, Martin Poghosyan, Barbara Jacak, Alexander Philipp Kalweit, Uliana Dmitrieva, Michael Jung, Thorsten Sven Kollegger, Christopher Hills, Dushmanta Sahu, Domenico Colella, Martin Andreas Volkl, Vladimir Samsonov, Christine Nattrass, Carlos Soncco Meza, Mohammad Al-Turany, Sang Un Ahn, Valentina Zaccolo, Hans Rudolf Schmidt, Pranjal Sarma, Ilya Selyuzhenkov, Boris Rumyantsev, S. N. Alam, Pietro Fecchio, Panagiotis Christakoglou, Jonghan Park, Samsul Islam, Olja Dordic, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, Toru Sugitate, Anjali Sharma, Chiara Oppedisano, Junjie Zhu, Filip Erhardt, Karel Safarik, Arseniy Shabanov, Stephan Alexander Konigstorfer, Jurgen Schukraft, Victor Trubnikov, Julien Faivre, Chiara Zampolli, Sara Vallero, Marko Jercic, Andrey Kazantsev, Sumit Kumar Saha, Jan de Cuveland, Sonali Padhan, Massimo Masera, Maksim Melnik Storetvedt, Alice Mulliri, Biswarup Paul, Alessandra Maria Mazzoni, Ruben Shahoyan, Yu-Gang Ma, Janka Vrlakova, Masanori Ogino, Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ALICE, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Acharya, S, Adamová, D, Adler, A, Adolfsson, J, Aglieri Rinella, G, Agnello, M, Agrawal, N, Ahammed, Z, Ahmad, S, Ahn, S U, Ahuja, I, Akbar, Z, Akindinov, A, Al-Turany, M, Alam, S N, Aleksandrov, D, Alessandro, B, Alfanda, H M, Alfaro Molina, R, Ali, B, Ali, Y, Alici, A, Alizadehvandchali, N, Alkin, A, Alme, J, Alt, T, Altenkamper, L, Altsybeev, I, Anaam, M N, Andrei, C, Andreou, D, Andronic, A, Angeletti, M, Anguelov, V, Antinori, F, Antonioli, P, Anuj, C, Apadula, N, Aphecetche, L, Appelshäuser, H, Arcelli, S, Arnaldi, R, Arsene, I C, Arslandok, M, Augustinus, A, Averbeck, R, Aziz, S, Azmi, M D, Badalà, A, Baek, Y W, Bai, X, Bailhache, R, Bailung, Y, Bala, R, Balbino, A, Baldisseri, A, Balis, B, Ball, M, Banerjee, D, Barbera, R, Barioglio, L, Barlou, M, Barnaföldi, G G, Barnby, L S, Barret, V, Bartels, C, Barth, K, Bartsch, E, Baruffaldi, F, Bastid, N, Basu, S, Batigne, G, Batyunya, B, Bauri, D, Bazo Alba, J L, Bearden, I G, Beattie, C, Belikov, I, Bell Hechavarria, A D C, Bellini, F, Bellwied, R, Belokurova, S, Belyaev, V, Bencedi, G, Beole, S, Bercuci, A, Berdnikov, Y, Berdnikova, A, Berenyi, D, Bergmann, L, Besoiu, M G, Betev, L, Bhaduri, P P, Bhasin, A, Bhat, I R, Bhat, M A, Bhattacharjee, B, Bhattacharya, P, Bianchi, L, Bianchi, N, Bielčík, J, Bielčíková, J, Biernat, J, Bilandzic, A, Biro, G, Biswas, S, Blair, J T, Blau, D, Blidaru, M B, Blume, C, Boca, G, Bock, F, Bogdanov, A, Boi, S, Bok, J, Boldizsár, L, Bolozdynya, A, 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M., Jung, J., Jung, M., Junique, A., Jusko, A., Kaewjai, J., Kalinak, P., Kalweit, A., Kaplin, V., Kar, S., Karasu Uysal, A., Karatovic, D., Karavichev, O., Karavicheva, T., Karczmarczyk, P., Karpechev, E., Kazantsev, A., Kebschull, U., Keidel, R., Keijdener, D. L. D., Keil, M., Ketzer, B., Khabanova, Z., Khan, A. M., Khan, S., Khanzadeev, A., Kharlov, Y., Khatun, A., Khuntia, A., Kileng, B., Kim, B., Kim, D., Kim, D. J., Kim, E. J., Kim, J., Kim, J. S., Kim, M., Kim, S., Kim, T., Kirsch, S., Kisel, I., Kiselev, S., Kisiel, A., Kitowski, J. P., Klay, J. L., Klein, J., Klein, S., Klein-Bosing, C., Kleiner, M., Klemenz, T., Kluge, A., Knospe, A. G., Kobdaj, C., Kohler, M. K., Kollegger, T., Kondratyev, A., Kondratyeva, N., Kondratyuk, E., Konig, J., Konigstorfer, S. A., Konopka, P. J., Kornakov, G., Koryciak, S. 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C., Zardoshti, N., Zarochentsev, A., Zavada, P., Zaviyalov, N., Zbroszczyk, H., Zhalov, M., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Zherebchevskii, V., Zhi, Y., Zhou, D., Zhou, Y., Zhu, J., Zhu, Y., Zichichi, A., Zinovjev, G., Zurlo, N., Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Acharya S., Adamova D., Adler A., Adolfsson J., Aglieri Rinella G., Agnello M., Agrawal N., Ahammed Z., Ahmad S., Ahn S.U., Ahuja I., Akbar Z., Akindinov A., Al-Turany M., Alam S.N., Aleksandrov D., Alessandro B., Alfanda H.M., Alfaro Molina R., Ali B., Ali Y., Alici A., Alizadehvandchali N., Alkin A., Alme J., Alt T., Altenkamper L., Altsybeev I., Anaam M.N., Andrei C., Andreou D., Andronic A., Angeletti M., Anguelov V., Antinori F., Antonioli P., Anuj C., Apadula N., Aphecetche L., Appelshauser H., Arcelli S., Arnaldi R., Arsene I.C., Arslandok M., Augustinus A., Averbeck R., Aziz S., Azmi M.D., Badala A., Baek Y.W., Bai X., Bailhache R., Bailung Y., Bala R., Balbino A., Baldisseri A., Balis B., Ball M., Banerjee D., Barbera R., Barioglio L., Barlou M., Barnafoldi G.G., Barnby L.S., Barret V., Bartels C., Barth K., Bartsch E., Baruffaldi F., Bastid N., Basu S., Batigne G., Batyunya B., Bauri D., Bazo Alba J.L., Bearden I.G., Beattie C., Belikov I., Bell Hechavarria A.D.C., Bellini F., Bellwied R., Belokurova S., Belyaev V., Bencedi G., Beole S., 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Barroso V., Chinellato D.D., Chizzali E.S., Cho S., Chochula P., Christakoglou P., Christensen C.H., Christiansen P., Chujo T., Cicalo C., Cifarelli L., Cindolo F., Ciupek M.R., Clai G., Cleymans J., Colamaria F., Colburn J.S., Colella D., Collu A., Colocci M., Concas M., Conesa Balbastre G., Conesa Del Valle Z., Contin G., Contreras J.G., Coquet M.L., Cormier T.M., Cortese P., Cosentino M.R., Costa F., Costanza S., Crochet P., Cuautle E., Cui P., Cunqueiro L., Dainese A., Damas F.P.A., Danisch M.C., Danu A., Das I., Das P., Das S., Dash S., De S., De Caro A., De Cataldo G., De Cilladi L., De Cuveland J., De Falco A., De Gruttola D., De Marco N., De Martin C., De Pasquale S., Deb S., Degenhardt H.F., Deja K.R., Del Grande R., Dello Stritto L., Delsanto S., Deng W., Dhankher P., Di Bari D., Di Mauro A., Diaz R.A., Dietel T., Ding Y., Divia R., Dixit D.U., Djuvsland O., Dmitrieva U., Do J., Dobrin A., Donigus B., Dordic O., Dubey A.K., Dubla A., Dudi S., Dukhishyam M., Dupieux P., Dzalaiova N., Eder T.M., Ehlers R.J., Eikeland V.N., Eisenhut F., Elia D., Erazmus B., Ercolessi F., Erhardt F., Erokhin A., Ersdal M.R., Espagnon B., Eulisse G., Evans D., Evdokimov S., Fabbietti L., Faggin M., Faivre J., Fan F., Fantoni A., Fasel M., Fecchio P., Feliciello A., Feofilov G., Fernandez Tellez A., Ferrero A., Ferretti A., Feuillard V.J.G., Figiel J., Filchagin S., Finogeev D., Fionda F.M., Fiorenza G., Flor F., Flores A.N., Foertsch S., Foka P., Fokin S., Fragiacomo E., Frajna E., Fuchs U., Funicello N., Furget C., Furs A., Gaardhoje J.J., Gagliardi M., Gago A.M., Gal A., Galvan C.D., Ganoti P., Garabatos C., Garcia J.R.A., Garcia-Solis E., Garg K., Gargiulo C., Garibli A., Garner K., Gasik P., Gauger E.F., Gautam A., Gay Ducati M.B., Germain M., Ghosh J., Ghosh P., Ghosh S.K., Giacalone M., Gianotti P., Giubellino P., Giubilato P., Glaenzer A.M.C., Glassel P., Goh D.J.Q., Gonzalez V., Gonzalez-Trueba L.H., Gorbunov S., Gorgon M., Gorlich L., Gotovac S., Grabski V., Graczykowski L.K., Greiner L., Grelli A., Grigoras C., Grigoriev V., Grigoryan A., Grigoryan S., Groettvik O.S., Grosa F., Grosse-Oetringhaus J.F., Grosso R., Guardiano G.G., Guernane R., Guilbaud M., Gulbrandsen K., Gunji T., Gupta A., Gupta R., Guzman I.B., Guzman S.P., Gyulai L., Habib M.K., Hadjidakis C., Halimoglu G., Hamagaki H., Hamar G., Hamid M., Hannigan R., Haque M.R., Harlenderova A., Harris J.W., Harton A., Hasenbichler J.A., Hassan H., Hatzifotiadou D., Hauer P., Havener L.B., Hayashi S., Heckel S.T., Hellbar E., Helstrup H., Herman T., Hernandez E.G., Herrera Corral G., Herrmann F., Hetland K.F., Hillemanns H., Hills C., Hippolyte B., Hofman B., Hohlweger B., Honermann J., Hong G.H., Horak D., Hornung S., Horzyk A., Hosokawa R., Hristov P., Huang C., Hughes C., Huhn P., Humanic T.J., Hushnud H., Husova L.A., Hutson A., Hutter D., Iddon J.P., Ilkaev R., Ilyas H., Inaba M., Innocenti G.M., Ippolitov M., Isakov A., Islam M.S., Ivanov M., Ivanov V., Izucheev V., Jablonski M., Jacak B., Jacazio N., Jacobs P.M., Jadlovska S., Jadlovsky J., Jaelani S., Jahnke C., Jakubowska M.J., Janik M.A., Janson T., Jercic M., Jevons O., Jonas F., Jones P.G., Jowett J.M., Jung J., Jung M., Junique A., Jusko A., Kaewjai J., Kalinak P., Kalweit A., Kaplin V., Kar S., Karasu Uysal A., Karatovic D., Karavichev O., Karavicheva T., Karczmarczyk P., Karpechev E., Kazantsev A., Kebschull U., Keidel R., Keijdener D.L.D., Keil M., Ketzer B., Khabanova Z., Khan A.M., Khan S., Khanzadeev A., Kharlov Y., Khatun A., Khuntia A., Kileng B., Kim B., Kim D., Kim D.J., Kim E.J., Kim J., Kim J.S., Kim M., Kim S., Kim T., Kirsch S., Kisel I., Kiselev S., Kisiel A., Kitowski J.P., Klay J.L., Klein J., Klein S., Klein-Bosing C., Kleiner M., Klemenz T., Kluge A., Knospe A.G., Kobdaj C., Kohler M.K., Kollegger T., Kondratyev A., Kondratyeva N., Kondratyuk E., Konig J., Konigstorfer S.A., Konopka P.J., Kornakov G., Koryciak S.D., Koska L., Kotliarov A., Kovalenko O., Kovalenko V., Kowalski M., Kralik I., Kravcakova A., Kreis L., Krivda M., Krizek F., Krizkova Gajdosova K., Kroesen M., Kruger M., Kryshen E., Krzewicki M., Kucera V., Kuhn C., Kuijer P.G., Kumaoka T., Kumar D., Kumar L., Kumar N., Kundu S., Kurashvili P., Kurepin A., Kurepin A.B., Kuryakin A., Kushpil S., Kvapil J., Kweon M.J., Kwon J.Y., Kwon Y., La Pointe S.L., La Rocca P., Lai Y.S., Lakrathok A., Lamanna M., Langoy R., Lapidus K., Larionov P., Laudi E., Lautner L., Lavicka R., Lazareva T., Lea R., Lee J., Lehrbach J., Lemmon R.C., Leon Monzon I., Lesser E.D., Lettrich M., Levai P., Li X., Li X.L., Lien J., Lietava R., Lim B., Lim S.H., Lindenstruth V., Lindner A., Lippmann C., Liu A., Liu J., Lofnes I.M., Loginov V., Loizides C., Loncar P., Lopez J.A., Lopez X., Lopez Torres E., Luhder J.R., Lunardon M., Luparello G., Ma Y.G., Maevskaya A., Mager M., Mahmoud T., Maire A., Malaev M., Malik Q.W., Malinina L., Mal'Kevich D., Mallick N., Malzacher P., Mandaglio G., Manko V., Manso F., Manzari V., Mao Y., Mares J., Margagliotti G.V., Margotti A., Marin A., Markert C., Marquard M., Martin N.A., Martinengo P., Martinez J.L., Martinez M.I., Martinez Garcia G., Masciocchi S., Masera M., Masoni A., Massacrier L., Mastroserio A., Mathis A.M., Matonoha O., Matuoka P.F.T., Matyja A., Mayer C., Mazuecos A.L., Mazzaschi F., Mazzilli M., Mazzoni M.A., Mdhluli J.E., Mechler A.F., Meddi F., Melikyan Y., Menchaca-Rocha A., Meninno E., Menon A.S., Meres M., Mhlanga S., Miake Y., Micheletti L., Migliorin L.C., Mihaylov D.L., Mikhaylov K., Mishra A.N., Miskowiec D., Modak A., Mohanty A.P., Mohanty B., Mohisin Khan M., Moravcova Z., Mordasini C., Moreira De Godoy D.A., Moreno L.A.P., Morozov I., Morsch A., Mrnjavac T., Muccifora V., Mudnic E., Muhlheim D., Muhuri S., Mulligan J.D., Mulliri A., Munhoz M.G., Munzer R.H., Murakami H., Murray S., Musa L., Musinsky J., Myers C.J., Myrcha J.W., Naik B., Nair R., Nandi B.K., Nania R., Nappi E., Naru M.U., Nassirpour A.F., Nath A., Nattrass C., Neagu A., Nellen L., Nesbo S.V., Neskovic G., Nesterov D., Nielsen B.S., Nikolaev S., Nikulin S., Nikulin V., Noferini F., Noh S., Nomokonov P., Norman J., Novitzky N., Nowakowski P., Nyanin A., Nystrand J., Ogino M., Ohlson A., Okorokov V.A., Oleniacz J., Oliveira Da Silva A.C., Oliver M.H., Onnerstad A., Oppedisano C., Ortiz Velasquez A., Osako T., Oskarsson A., Otwinowski J., Oyama K., Pachmayer Y., Padhan S., Pagano D., Paic G., Palasciano A., Pan J., Panebianco S., Pareek P., Park J., Parkkila J.E., Pathak S.P., Patra R.N., Paul B., Pazzini J., Pei H., Peitzmann T., Peng X., Pereira L.G., Pereira Da Costa H., Peresunko D., Perez G.M., Perrin S., Pestov Y., Petracek V., Petrovici M., Pezzi R.P., Piano S., Pikna M., Pillot P., Pinazza O., Pinsky L., Pinto C., Pisano S., Ploskon M., Planinic M., Pliquett F., Poghosyan M.G., Polichtchouk B., Politano S., Poljak N., Pop A., Porteboeuf-Houssais S., Porter J., Pozdniakov V., Prasad S.K., Preghenella R., Prino F., Pruneau C.A., Pshenichnov I., Puccio M., Qiu S., Quaglia L., Quishpe R.E., Ragoni S., Rakotozafindrabe A., Ramello L., Rami F., Ramirez S.A.R., Ramos A.G.T., Rancien T.A., Raniwala R., Raniwala S., Rasanen S.S., Rath R., Ravasenga I., Read K.F., Redelbach A.R., Redlich K., Rehman A., Reichelt P., Reidt F., Reme-Ness H.A., Renfordt R., Rescakova Z., Reygers K., Riabov A., Riabov V., Richert T., Richter M., Riegler W., Riggi F., Ristea C., Rode S.P., Rodriguez Cahuantzi M., Roed K., Rogalev R., Rogochaya E., Rogoschinski T.S., Rohr D., Rohrich D., Rojas P.F., Rokita P.S., Ronchetti F., Rosano A., Rosas E.D., Rossi A., Rotondi A., Roy A., Roy P., Roy S., Rubini N., Rueda O.V., Rui R., Rumyantsev B., Russek P.G., Rustamov A., Ryabinkin E., Ryabov Y., Rybicki A., Rytkonen H., Rzesa W., Saarimaki O.A.M., Sadek R., Sadovsky S., Saetre J., Safarik K., Saha S.K., Saha S., Sahoo B., Sahoo P., Sahoo R., Sahoo S., Sahu D., Sahu P.K., Saini J., Sakai S., Sambyal S., Samsonov V., Sarkar D., Sarkar N., Sarma P., Sarti V.M., Sas M.H.P., Schambach J., Scheid H.S., Schiaua C., Schicker R., Schmah A., Schmidt C., Schmidt H.R., Schmidt M.O., Schmidt M., Schmidt N.V., Schmier A.R., Schotter R., Schukraft J., Schutz Y., Schwarz K., Schweda K., Scioli G., Scomparin E., Seger J.E., Sekiguchi Y., Sekihata D., Selyuzhenkov I., Senyukov S., Seo J.J., Serebryakov D., Serksnyte L., Sevcenco A., Shaba T.J., Shabanov A., Shabetai A., Shahoyan R., Shaikh W., Shangaraev A., Sharma A., Sharma H., Sharma M., Sharma N., Sharma S., Sheibani O., Shigaki K., Shimomura M., Shirinkin S., Shou Q., Sibiriak Y., Siddhanta S., Siemiarczuk T., Silva T.F., Silvermyr D., Simonetti G., Singh B., Singh R., Singh V.K., Singhal V., Sinha T., Sitar B., Sitta M., Skaali T.B., Skorodumovs G., Slupecki M., Smirnov N., Snellings R.J.M., Soncco C., Song J., Songmoolnak A., Soramel F., Sorensen S., Sputowska I., Stachel J., Stan I., Steffanic P.J., Stiefelmaier S.F., Stocco D., Storehaug I., Storetvedt M.M., Stylianidis C.P., Suaide A.A.P., Sugitate T., Suire C., Suljic M., Sultanov R., Sumbera M., Sumberia V., Sumowidagdo S., Swain S., Szabo A., Szarka I., Tabassam U., Taghavi S.F., Taillepied G., Takahashi J., Tambave G.J., Tang S., Tang Z., Tarhini M., Tarzila M.G., Tauro A., Tejeda Munoz G., Telesca A., Terlizzi L., Terrevoli C., Tersimonov G., Thakur S., Thomas D., Tieulent R., Tikhonov A., Timmins A.R., Tkacik M., Toia A., Topilskaya N., Toppi M., Torales-Acosta F., Tork T., Cruz-Torres R., Torres S.R., Trifiro A., Tripathy S., Tripathy T., Trogolo S., Trombetta G., Trubnikov V., Trzaska W.H., Trzcinski T.P., Trzeciak B.A., Tumkin A., Turrisi R., Tveter T.S., Ullaland K., Uras A., Urioni M., Usai G.L., Vala M., Valle N., Vallero S., Van Der Kolk N., Van Doremalen L.V.R., Van Leeuwen M., Vande Vyvre P., Varga D., Varga Z., Varga-Kofarago M., Vargas A., Vasileiou M., Vasiliev A., Vazquez Doce O., Vechernin V., Vercellin E., Vergara Limon S., Vermunt L., Vertesi R., Verweij M., Vickovic L., Vilakazi Z., Villalobos Baillie O., Vino G., Vinogradov A., Virgili T., Vislavicius V., Vodopyanov A., Volkel B., Volkl M.A., Voloshin K., Voloshin S.A., Volpe G., Von Haller B., Vorobyev I., Voscek D., Vrlakova J., Wagner B., Wang C., Wang D., Weber M., Weelden R.J.G.V., Wegrzynek A., Wenzel S.C., Wessels J.P., Wiechula J., Wikne J., Wilk G., Wilkinson J., Willems G.A., Willsher E., Windelband B., Winn M., Witt W.E., Wright J.R., Wu W., Wu Y., Xu R., Yalcin S., Yamaguchi Y., Yamakawa K., Yang S., Yano S., Yin Z., Yokoyama H., Yoo I.-K., Yoon J.H., Yuan S., Yuncu A., Zaccolo V., Zaman A., Zampolli C., Zanoli H.J.C., Zardoshti N., Zarochentsev A., Zavada P., Zaviyalov N., Zbroszczyk H., Zhalov M., Zhang S., Zhang X., Zhang Y., Zherebchevskii V., Zhi Y., Zhou D., Zhou Y., Zhu J., Zhu Y., Zichichi A., Zinovjev G., and Zurlo N.
Subjects: Kjerne- og elementærpartikkelfysikk: 431 [VDP], Proton, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, ALICE, scattering [p p], [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], correlation function, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, strong interaction, VDP::Kjerne- og elementærpartikkelfysikk: 431, Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431 [VDP], VDP::Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431, nuclear matter, PHOTOPRODUCTION, Particle Physics - Experiment, correlation: two-particle, QCD SUM-RULES, VECTOR-MESONS, COLLISIONS, PARTICLES, Particle physics, p p: scattering, Meson, Strong interaction, Correlation function (quantum field theory), [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Physics and Astronomy(all), 114 Physical sciences, symmetry: chiral, 0103 physical sciences, scattering length, Phi(1020), coupling constant, effective range, experimental results, 13000 GeV-cms/nucleon, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, ddc:530, phi meson, particle physics, ALICE, 010306 general physics, two-particle [correlation], Coupling constant, chiral [symmetry], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Scattering length, Nuclear matter, Strong Interaction, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: Physical review letters 127(17), 172301 (2021). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.172301, This Letter presents the first experimental evidence of the attractive strong interaction between a proton and a �� meson. The result is obtained from two-particle correlations of combined $p$-�� $\bar{p}$-�� pairs measured in high-multiplicity pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV by the ALICE Collaboration. The spin-averaged scattering length and effective range of the p-�� interaction are extracted from the fully corrected correlation function employing the Lednick��-Lyuboshits approach. In particular, the imaginary part of the scattering length vanishes within uncertainties, indicating that inelastic processes do not play a prominent role for the p-�� interaction. These data demonstrate that the interaction is dominated by elastic p-�� scattering. Furthermore, an analysis employing phenomenological Gaussian- and Yukawa-type potentials is conducted. Under the assumption of the latter, the N-�� coupling constant is found to be $g_{N-��}$ = 0.14 �� 0.03(stat) �� 0.02(syst). This work provides valuable experimental input to accomplish a self-consistent description of the N-�� interaction, which is particularly relevant for the more fundamental studies on partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear medium., Published by APS, College Park, Md.
Published: 2021
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45. Probing Gluon Spin-Momentum Correlations in Transversely Polarized Protons through Midrapidity Isolated Direct Photons in p↑+p Collisions at s=200 GeV

Author: S. F. Pate, Y. L. Yamaguchi, C. Xu, D. Ivanishchev, V. Papavassiliou, Hari Guragain, C. E. Perezlara, H. Asano, A. Sexton, T. Murakami, P. Montuenga, Y. Riabov, R. Seto, N. Grau, T. W. Danley, Takafumi Niida, J. Huang, A. Franz, J. Runchey, A. Sen, Prakhar Garg, K. A. Drees, N. Feege, Kenta Shigaki, R. Cervantes, Iu. Mitrankov, L. Zou, J. Bryslawskyj, J. E. Frantz, D. Reynolds, M. Rosati, B. Mulilo, Sándor Lökös, Tamás Csörgő, K. N. Barish, A. S. Nyanin, J. Klatsky, S. Zharko, N. Cronin, A. Deshpande, Dillon Scott Fitzgerald, Kei Nagashima, M. Snowball, D. McGlinchey, R. A. Soltz, N. Ramasubramanian, H. En'yo, Alexei Khanzadeev, M. J. Leitch, V. Canoa Roman, John Hill, M. Tomášek, D. E. Fields, X. Jiang, Rachid Nouicer, Xiong Wang, A. N. Zelenski, S. P. Sorensen, B. Kurgyis, B. V. Jacak, Minghui Liu, Brajesh K. Singh, G. J. Ottino, Toru Sugitate, W. Peng, P. W. Stankus, Kensuke Homma, I. J. Choi, M. L. Brooks, L. Bichon, C. L. Woody, M. Alfred, M. Grosse Perdekamp, Kenneth Francis Read, Y. J. Kwon, J. B. Choi, X. He, A. Berdnikov, Y. H. Leung, Raphael Noel Tieulent, A. V. Kazantsev, F. Giordano, Satoshi Sato, S. Kudo, R. Corliss, N. S. Bandara, Vladimir Samsonov, Christine Nattrass, T. Hachiya, S. K. Park, M. I. Nagy, Dipak Kumar Mishra, Kenichi Imai, Petr Gallus, T. O. S. Haseler, D. A. Loomis, D. Kapukchyan, Jong-Min Park, Taku Gunji, G. D. N. Perera, Qiao Xu, David Olle Rickard Silvermyr, Y. Goto, M. Phipps, Motoi Inaba, T. Nagashima, Y. Fukuda, I. V. Sourikova, Hideki Hamagaki, W. Fan, G. David, T. Todoroki, E. J. Mannel, K. I. Hahn, J. G. Lajoie, S. Lee, Jennifer E. Perry, Xiao-yan Li, Alexander Milov, J. Hanks, Hiroyuki Sako, M. Patel, N. Apadula, A. Durum, A. Iordanova, Keiji Nagai, A. Drees, S. H. Lim, S. Y. Han, Z. Ji, D. Yu Peressounko, A. Yanovich, I. Nakagawa, Z. Rowan, Dennis Perepelitsa, M. Mendoza, S. Karthas, J. L. Nagle, C. Pinkenburg, D. Kotov, D. S. Jumper, Kyoichiro Ozawa, D. P. Morrison, A. Sukhanov, K. Kurita, S. Campbell, M. Csanad, S. P. Stoll, G. Nukazuka, Min-Hye Kim, G. Tarnai, H. Ge, K. Nakano, Z. Sun, W. E. Sondheim, Arkadiy Taranenko, S. H. Lee, I. Tserruya, M. Jezghani, D. Larionova, T. Majoros, D. Sharma, V. Singh, A. Hodges, T. Shioya, R. Esha, S. D. Rolnick, M. Slunečka, P. L. McGaughey, S. Tarafdar, V. Babintsev, N. Novitzky, R. P. Pisani, T. Koblesky, T. Moon, Senta Greene, Viktor Riabov, Serpil Yalcin, M. Sarsour, D. Jouan, Y. Corrales Morales, V. Bumazhnov, S. Nelson, Byung-Sik Hong, B. Fadem, E. O'Brien, K. L. Smith, M. Harvey, U. Acharya, M. McCumber, Anne Marie Sickles, J. Murata, Chong Kim, A. Bazilevsky, S. Bathe, M. Chiu, Dmitry Blau, B. Schaefer, C. P. Wong, P. V. Radzevich, M. Connors, T. A. Shibata, W. A. Zajc, L. Xue, Alexandre Lebedev, C. A. Ogilvie, T. K. Hemmick, E. J. Desmond, Eunja Kim, A. Denisov, J. S. Bok, G. Mitsuka, A. Pun, J. H. Kang, J. S. Haggerty, Sergey Fokin, K. DeBlasio, D. Isenhower, Tamas Novak, Balazs Ujvari, M. Giles, M. Mitrankova, I. E. Yushmanov, C. Gal, Klaus Dehmelt, Julia Velkovska, A. Khatiwada, D. Dixit, S. Mizuno, M. Beaumier, H. W. Van Hecke, B. Blankenship, Agneta Oskarsson, D. Kincses, John Matthew Durham, Y. Berdnikov, Y. Akiba, C. McKinney, Vaclav Vrba, K. Hill, Maya Hachiya Shimomura, R. S. Hollis, Y. I. Makdisi, M. M. Mondal, M. J. Tannenbaum, B. K. Schmoll, S. Esumi, Martin Purschke, C. A. Aidala, Alice Mignerey, S. Miyasaka, Shoichi Hasegawa, Takao Sakaguchi, A. D. Frawley, V. Andrieux, S. Huang, V. Khachatryan, A. Kingan, H. F. Hamilton, D. Kawall, B. Azmoun, K. Tanida, E. Kistenev, J. H. Yoo, R. Belmont, Zvi Hirsh Citron, P. Kline, A. Dion, I. Shein, J. Sun, V. R. Loggins, J. T. Mitchell, K. Sedgwick, N. Hotvedt, R. Seidl, Vladislav Manko, Mihael Makek, H. Yamamoto, C. L. Silva, A. Enokizono, Y. Watanabe, V. Pantuev, R. S. Towell, A. Timilsina, K. Lovasz, D. Lynch, M. Potekhin, T. Hoshino, D. Richford, A. S. Safonov, Yoshifumi Ueda, J. H. Do, C. L. Towell, N. Vukman, Timothy Thomas Rinn, H. Yu, T. Sumita, C. Y. Chi, M. S. Daugherity, C. P. Singh, J. D. Osborn, Inseok Yoon, R. Petti, B. M. Johnson, N. A. Lewis, M. Finger, J. Sziklai, M. Virius, J. D. Orjuela Koop, and Prashant Shukla
Subjects: Physics, Photon, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Strong interaction, General Physics and Astronomy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Gluon, Nuclear physics, Momentum, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, PHENIX detector, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Abstract: Studying spin-momentum correlations in hadronic collisions offers a glimpse into a three-dimensional picture of proton structure. The transverse single-spin asymmetry for midrapidity isolated direct photons in p ↑ + p collisions at s = 200 GeV is measured with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Because direct photons in particular are produced from the hard scattering and do not interact via the strong force, this measurement is a clean probe of initial-state spin-momentum correlations inside the proton and is in particular sensitive to gluon interference effects within the proton. This is the first time direct photons have been used as a probe of spin-momentum correlations at RHIC. The uncertainties on the results are a 50-fold improvement with respect to those of the one prior measurement for the same observable, from the Fermilab E704 experiment. These results constrain gluon spin-momentum correlations in transversely polarized protons.
Published: 2021
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46. S -wave contributions to the B(s)→χc1(ππ,Kπ,KK) decays

Author: Zhou Rui, Jia-Ming Li, Meng-Kun Jia, and Chao-Qi Zhang
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Pion, Meson, Branching fraction, Strong interaction, Order (ring theory), Perturbative QCD, Production (computer science), Invariant mass
Abstract: We make a detailed study of the three-body decays ${B}_{(s)}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c1}h{h}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, where ${h}^{{(}^{\ensuremath{'}})}$ is either a pion or kaon, by taking into account the $S$-wave states in the $h{h}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ invariant mass distribution within the perturbative QCD approach. The two meson distribution amplitudes are introduced to capture the strong interaction related to the production of the $h{h}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ system. We calculate the branching ratios for the $S$-wave components and observe large values of order ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ for some Cabibbo-favored decays, which are accessible to the LHCb and Belle II experiments. The obtained branching ratio $\mathcal{B}(B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c1}{K}_{0}^{*}(1430)(\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}))=({5.1}_{\ensuremath{-}0.8}^{+0.6})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ consistent with the data from Belle within errors. Moreover, we also predict the differential distributions in the $h{h}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ invariant mass for the decays under consideration, which await the future experimental test. In addition, the corresponding ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{c1}(2P)$ channels are also investigated, which are helpful to clarify the nature of the $X(3872)$ state.
Published: 2021
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47. Experimental Observations of Laser-Driven Tin Ejecta Microjet Interactions

Author: H. G. Rinderknecht, Brandon Morgan, H.-S. Park, Camelia V. Stan, Jon Eggert, J. A. K. Horwitz, Suzanne Ali, Yuan Ping, Kyle Mackay, Alison Saunders, Fady Najjar, and Tomorr Haxhimali
Subjects: Physics, Range (particle radiation), Jet (fluid), Shock (fluid dynamics), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Attenuation, Flow (psychology), Strong interaction, General Physics and Astronomy, Particle, Ejecta, Computational physics
Abstract: The study of high-velocity particle-laden flow interactions is of importance for the understanding of a wide range of natural phenomena, ranging from planetary formation to cloud interactions. Experimental observations of particle dynamics are sparse given the difficulty of generating high-velocity flows of many particles. Ejecta microjets are micron-scale jets formed by strong shocks interacting with imprinted surfaces to generate particle plumes traveling at several kilometers per second. As such, the interaction of two ejecta microjets provides a novel experimental methodology to study interacting particle streams. In this Letter, we report the first time sequences of x-ray radiography images of two interacting tin ejecta microjets taken on a platform designed for the OMEGA Extended Performance (OMEGA EP) laser. We observe that the microjets pass through each other unattenuated for the case of 11.7±3.2 GPa shock pressures and jet velocities of 2.2±0.5 km/s but show strong interaction dynamics for 116.0±6.1 GPa shock pressures and jet velocities of 6.5±0.5 km/s. We find that radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of the experiments are able to capture many aspects of the collisional behavior, such as the attenuation of jet velocity in the direction of propagation, but are unable to match the full spread of the strongly interacting cloud.
Published: 2021
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48. Ferromagnetic Ground States in Face-Centered Cubic Hubbard Clusters.

Author: Souza, T. X. R. and Macedo, C. A.
Subjects: *GROUND state energy, *LANCZOS method, *PARAMETER estimation, *FERROMAGNETIC materials, *TEMPERATURE effect
Abstract: In this study, the ground state energies of face-centered cubic Hubbard clusters are analyzed using the Lanczos method. Examination of the ground state energy as a function of the number of particle per site n showed an energy minimum for face-centered cubic structures. This energy minimum decreased in n with increasing coulombic interaction parameter U. We found that the ground state energy had a minimum at n = 0.6, when U = 3W, where W denotes the non-interacting energy bandwidth and the face-centered cubic structure was ferromagnetic. These results, when compared with the properties of nickel, shows strong similarity with other finite temperature analyses in the literature and supports the Hirsh’s conjecture that the interatomic direct exchange interaction dominates in driving the system into a ferromagnetic phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
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49. Identification of Cell Cycle Dependent Interaction Partners of the Septins by Quantitative Mass Spectrometry.

Author: Renz, Christian, Oeljeklaus, Silke, Grinhagens, Sören, Warscheid, Bettina, Johnsson, Nils, and Gronemeyer, Thomas
Subjects: *FUNGAL cell cycle, *CELL communication, *MASS spectrometry, *SEPTINS, *CYTOPLASMIC filaments
Abstract: The septins are a conserved family of GTP-binding proteins that, in the baker's yeast, assemble into a highly ordered array of filaments at the mother bud neck. These filaments undergo significant structural rearrangements during the cell cycle. We aimed at identifying key components that are involved in or regulate the transitions of the septins. By combining cell synchronization and quantitative affinity-purification mass-spectrometry, we performed a screen for specific interaction partners of the septins at three distinct stages of the cell cycle. A total of 83 interaction partners of the septins were assigned. Surprisingly, we detected DNA-interacting/nuclear proteins and proteins involved in ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis predominantly present in alpha-factor arrested that do not display an assembled septin structure. Furthermore, two distinct sets of regulatory proteins that are specific for cells at S-phase with a stable septin collar or at mitosis with split septin rings were identified. Complementary methods like SPLIFF and immunoprecipitation allowed us to more exactly define the spatial and temporal characteristics of selected hits of the AP-MS screen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
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50. Symmetry and the Evolution of Physics

Author: Anirudh Singh
Subjects: Physics, Standard Model (mathematical formulation), Gauge boson, Theoretical physics, Strong interaction, Higgs boson, Symmetry breaking, Quantum field theory, Symmetry (physics), Gauge symmetry
Abstract: This chapter provides an insight into the role of symmetry in the elucidation of the current theories of particle physics. Most of conventional matter of the universe is made up of quarks, leptons, and the gauge and Higgs bosons. Of the four known forces of nature, comprising the strong and weak nuclear forces, the electromagnetic force, and the gravitational force, the first three can be described by quantum field theories (QFTs), each of which has a gauge symmetry represented by a symmetry group. These are U(1) for the electromagnetic, SU(1) for the weak, and SU(2) for the strong force. The Standard Model of particle physics has the SU(2) × SU(1) × U(1) symmetry group. Symmetries may be divided into space–time and internal symmetries, leading to the conservation of extrinsic and intrinsic properties (respectively) of the particles, according to Noether's Theorem. New particles/gauge bosons are discovered theoretically by the gauging principle, where the broken symmetry of the Hamiltonian or Lagrangian is fixed by the introduction of a new component of the force. Theory is related to the experimental scattering cross-section data by guessing at the symmetry being followed, and using relativistic quantum mechanics to calculate the corresponding scattering cross-sections.
Published: 2021
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