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An observer at rest with the expanding universe experiences some extra noise in the quantum vacuum, and so does an accelerated observer in a vacuum at rest (in Minkowski space). The literature mainly focuses on the ideal cases of exponential expansion (de–Sitter space) or uniform acceleration (Rindler trajectories) or both, but the real cosmic expansion is non–exponential and real accelerations are non–uniform. Here we use the frequency–time Wigner function of vacuum correlations to define time–dependent spectra. We found excellent Planck spectra for a class of realistic cosmological models, but also strongly non–Planckian, negative Wigner functions for a standard scenario testable with laboratory analogues.

The time-dependent spectra of disc area operator for twisted acceleration-enlarged Newton-Hooke spacetimes are derived. It is demonstrated that the corresponding area quanta are expanding or oscillating in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]