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Benchmarking and validation are prerequisite for using simulation codes as predictive tools. In this work, we have developed a Global Model for Negative Hydrogen Ion Source (GMNHIS) and performed benchmarking of GMNHIS against another independently developed code, Global Enhanced Vibrational Kinetic Model (GEVKM). This is the first study to present quite comprehensive benchmarking test of this kind for models of negative hydrogen ion sources (NHIS), and very good agreement has been achieved for electron temperature, vibrational distribution function (VDF) of hydrogen molecules, and n_H^-/n_e ratio. The small discrepancies in number densities of negative hydrogen ions, positive ions, as well as hydrogen atoms can be attributed to the differences in the predicted electron number density for given discharge power. Higher electron number density obtained with GMNHIS is possibly due to fewer dissociation channels accounted for in GMNHIS, leading to smaller energy loss. In addition, we validated GMNHIS against experimental data obtained in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) discharge used for H^- production. The model qualitatively (and even quantitatively for certain conditions) reproduces the experimental H^- number density. The H^- number density as a function of pressure first increases at pressures below 12 mTorr, and then saturates for higher pressures. This dependence was analyzed by evaluating contributions from different reaction pathways to the creation and loss of the H^- ions. The developed codes can be used for predicting the H^- production, improving the performance of NHIS, and ultimately optimizing the parameters of negative ion beams for ITER., Comment: 25 pages, 12 figures

A Global Enhanced Vibrational Kinetic (GEVKM) model is presented for a new High Current Negative Hydrogen Ion Source (HCNHIS) developed by Busek Co. Inc. and Worcester Polytechnic Institute. The HCNHIS consists of a high-pressure radio-frequency discharge (RFD) chamber where high-lying vibrational states of the hydrogen molecules are produced, a bypass system, a nozzle, and a low-pressure negative hydrogen ion production region where $\text{H}^-$ are generated by the dissociative attachment of low energy electrons to rovibrationally excited hydrogen molecules. The GEVKM is developed from moment equations for multi-temperature chemically reacting plasmas derived from the Wang Chang-Uhlenbeck equations for a cylindrical geometry of an inductively coupled RFD chamber. The species included into the model are $\text{H}(n), n=0-3, \text{H}_2(v), v=0-14, \text{H}^+, \text{H}_2^+, \text{H}_3^+, \text{H}^-$, and $e$. The volume-averaged steady-state continuity equations coupled with the electron energy equation, the total energy equation and heat transfer to the chamber walls are solved simultaneously to obtain the volume-averaged number densities of the plasma components, the electron, heavy-particle and wall temperatures. The GEVKM is supplemented by a comprehensive set of surface and volumetric chemical processes governing vibrational and ionization kinetics of hydrogen plasmas. Analytic boundary conditions developed for the flow in the bypass tubes and in the nozzle take into account rarefaction effects and are validated by comparing pressures predictions in the RFD chamber with the pressure measurements. The GEVKM is verified and validated in the wide range of pressures and absorbed powers of different plasma reactors and is used in a parametric investigation of the RFD chamber of the HCNHIS with hydrogen inlet flow rates 5-1000 sccm and absorbed powers 200-1000 W., Comment: PhD thesis (2015), Aerospace Engineering program, Mechanical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute