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Automatic generation control is extensively used to regulate power plants in a modern area of the power system network. In this paper, automatic generation and frequency control in interconnected power system is presented. A multisource such as thermal, hydro, and gas-based power plant is considered in this study, which is carried out by incorporating nonlinearity like generation rate constants, HVDC link, and the conventional PID controller design. Further, an optimal setting of the PID controller is performed by employing evolutionary, and metaheuristic algorithm-based approaches such as differential evolution and firefly algorithm, respectively. With these algorithms, the proposed model has been tested with their performance evaluation and comparison characteristics are discoursed. The robustness of the proposed controllers is assessed based on comparative analyses to regulate the interconnected power network's frequency profile under different loading conditions. The stability analysis is performed using the Eigen and Nyquist plots to assess the proposed controllers' efficacy. Besides, the frequency control study is summarized with comparative assessment through various performance indices such as settling time, peak overshoot and undershoots under different operating conditions. Finally, the proposed control scheme, in the interconnected power system, is validated through a real-time digital simulation platform, i.e., OPAL-RT 5142. The comparison of simulation and real-time results demonstrates the effectiveness of the FA-optimized PID controller in comparison with that of the DE-optimized PID controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the implementation of a hybrid firefly algorithm-particle swarm optimization (FAPSO) scheme for optimizing the parameters of an interval type-2 fractional order fuzzy proportional integral derivative (IT2FOFPID)-based power system stabilizer (PSS) to minimize the low-frequency oscillations in a power system. Here, the IT2FOFPID-based PSS is designed by considering speed deviation and acceleration as input signals. In this article, a single machine infinite bus system and the New England 10 machine 39-bus power system are used for testing and comparing the approaches. Stability studies are also performed using OPAL-RT's OP5600, a real-time digital simulator. The comparative studies demonstrate that the hybrid FAPSO optimized IT2FOFPID-PSS provides better damping and stability performance when compared with the PSSs based on the FA/PSO/ hybrid genetic algorithm and bacterial foraging optimization and hybrid differential evolution and pattern search optimized IT2FOFPID approaches under various operating scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present work introduces a most popular evolution based algorithm and application of two degree of freedom proportional integral Derivative (TDOFPID) Controller based multi area power system. Differential Evolution (DE) optimization technique is applied here to tune the TDOFPID gains. Each area consists of Automatic generation control with addition of non-linarites. In this model time delay, Generation rate constraints (GRC) and reheat turbine are added to introduce non-linearity. At first attempt simulation is being done in two areas with DE optimization technique. Further a series connected Flexible Alternating Current Transmission (FACT) device such as interline power flow controller (IPFC) is included into the system and simulated. DE is also used to get the optimum value of TDOFPID controller having Integral time absolute error (ITAE) as the objective function. At last robustness analysis is done with varying parameter and different loading conditions. It is seen that, TDOFPID with IPFC gives better response compared to others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the application of fractional order PID controller (FOPID) for reactive power compensation and stability analysis in a stand-alone micro grid. For enhancement of voltage stability and reactive compensation of the isolated system, a SVC based controller has been incorporated. This paper emphasizes the role of fractional PID based SVC controller for reactive power management and improved stability in the stand alone micro grid, as it provides a special advantage of having two more degree of freedom for accurate tuning in comparison with the conventional controller The system performance, particularly the variations in different parameters values are studied properly with different input parameters and loading conditions. Further improvement of stability margin and optimisation of the system parameters have been achieved by the controller, based on Imperialist competitive algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper gives a novel idea of application of fuzzy based UPFC controller for Reactive Power compensation in an isolated hybrid system and also discusses the improvement of stability in the hybrid system. For detailed analysis a small signal linear model of the hybrid wind- Diesel- tidal model is considered with different loading conditions. The reactive power compensation and stability analysis have been thoroughly analysed by a UPFC Controller. A fuzzy logic controller is designed to tune the parameters of UPFC controller. Simulation result shows that the system parameters attend steady state value with lesser time and complexities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents frequency regulation in a microgrid consisting of wind, photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell (FC) and diesel engine generator (DEG) along with the energy storage system such as flywheel energy storage (FES) and battery energy storage (BES). In this study, firefly and particle swarm (FF–PSO) based hybrid optimization technique is proposed to tune parameters the proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller to minimize the frequency deviation in microgrid system under different operating conditions such as variation in wind speed, and load demand. Further, a comparative analysis for tuning of the PID controller is performed using particle swarm optimization (PSO), and firefly algorithms (FFA) to minimize the deviation in frequency. The power management as well as frequency control in microgrid is studied with the help of the performance indices; integral absolute errors (IAE), peak overshoots, settling times and standard deviation (SD). In addition, the effect of communication delay with higher non-linearity is tested to assess the performance of the controllers. Further, the frequency control is validated in real-time digital simulation environment using OPAL-RT. The qualitative, quantitative and real-time analysis reflects the improvements in frequency deviation in microgrid using the proposed hybrid FF–PSO optimized PID as comparison to the PSO/FF optimized PID controllers. • Frequency regulation in a microgrid. • Frequency regulation is studied in a microgrid. • FF–PSO based hybrid optimization technique is proposed. • Performance of the controllers is tested with incorporation of communication delay. • The power management in microgrid is studied. • Improvements in frequency in microgrid is better with FF–PSO than other controllers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]