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This document summarizes the results of a phased archaeological data recovery program along a narrow pipeline corridor between the Pima County Regional Wastewater Reclamation Department’s existing Roger Road and Ina Road facilities. The work was conducted by Northland Research, Inc. prior to the installation of a new gravity-flow sewer line connecting the two wastewater facilities. Northland’s Pima County Plant Interconnect Project (PCPIP) investigated seven archaeological sites that have been determined eligible for the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D (information potential). The investigations were designed to document, collect, and analyze data from those portions of the sites that fell within the pipeline corridor.

The archaeological excavation of a prehistoric village, site AZ T:12:220 (ASM) (Las Cremaciones), at the proposed K. Hovnanian Homes Project Phoenix, Arizona, used trench sampling, block exposures and screened excavation to recover archaeological features of site AZ T:12:220 (ASM), particularly human burials. The investigation was conducted to ensure compliance with State of Arizona statute A.R.S. 41-865 pertaining to the repatriation of human remains, the City of Phoenix Ordinance on Historic Preservation (Chapter 8, Section 802), and the City of Phoenix Guidelines for Archaeology (Bostwick 2006). Also included are the appendices A-L which cover the topics of feature inventory and descriptions, decorated vessels chronology, special artifacts, inhumation and cremation burial details, demographic data, and flotation and radiocarbon dating.

Archaeological fieldwork was conducted on Block 181, in the historic heart of downtown Tucson, at various times between 2003 and 2006. Work took place before and during the stabilization and restoration of the historic Siqueiros-Jácome House, built in the 1860s and 1870s. Work was also conducted in the backyard of the house and beneath an adjacent parking lot, once the location of the Dodge Boarding House (circa 1898-1954). Hundreds of features were located. Noteworthy were several Early Agricultural period pit structures, the first found on the terrace east of the Santa Cruz River floodplain. Colonial and Sedentary period Hohokam pit structures and pits were also located. The evidence suggests a substantial prehistoric presence in the downtown area. The survival of a diversity of prehistoric features in this heavily developed area was particularly encouraging. The project area was the location of the northeastern corner of the Presidio San Agustín de Tucson, a Spanish and Mexican period walled fortress. Previous work on the property had located the adobe foundations of the northeastern tower of the fort. The current work encountered trash-filled pits containing Presidio era artifacts and food remains, providing additional information about the lifestyles of the people who lived in the fort from about 1776 to 1854. The Siqueiros-Jacome House was occupied by the family of Juan Siqueiros and Soledad Jacome from about 1866 until Soledad's death in 1911. Features in the home's backyard yielded noteworthy assemblages of artifacts discarded by this family and the people who rented rooms in their house. The adjacent lot contained the remnants of the Dodge Boarding House, and several large trash-filled borrow pits provided artifacts and food remains discarded by boarding house residents. Little is known about the lives of these people, who typically stayed a short while before moving on to other quarters or other cities. The items thrown away by these people provide insights into their lives not recorded in contemporary records. An important part of the project was the preservation in place of cultural resources. Large portions of the corner parking lot were not disturbed during construction and have the potential to provide significant new information for future archaeologists.

The U.S. 89 Archaeological Project investigated 41 prehistoric sites located approximately 30 km north of Flagstaff, Arizona. All sites were on Coconino National Forest (CNF) land. The project was conducted by Desert Archaeology, Inc., for the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) prior to the widening and improvement of 26.7 km (16.6 miles) of U.S. 89, between the southern boundary of Wupatki National Monument in the north, and the town of Fernwood in the south. Archaeological fieldwork occurred over two primary field seasons in 1997 and 1998, with a very brief field season in 1999. A total of almost 12 person-years of labor was expended on the fieldwork. The U.S. 89 project area crosses diverse environmental zones, ranging from juniper-sage grasslands in the north at approximately 5,700 ft (1,737 m) asl, to ponderosa pine forests at over 7,200 ft (2,195 m) asl in the south. Mixed pinyon pine and juniper woodlands comprise the middle elevations. Five elevation zones were defined, using increments of 500 ft as a proxy for changes in precipitation, temperature, and vegetation. All project area sites are also within 25 km of Sunset Crater Volcano, with the closest sites only 5-6 km away. Sunset Crater erupted for a few years sometime between A.D. 1050 and 1125. Basalt lava from the eruption covered an area of approximately 8 km2, while another 2,300 km2 was covered by cinder and ash deposits. Sunset Crater cinders were found on all project area sites. An isopach map of cinder depth constructed for this project indicates that, minimally, the U.S. 89 sites were covered with from 5-50 cm of volcanic material, which had a significant impact on prehistoric settlement, subsistence, and economic systems. Prehistoric adaptation to environmental variability and to the Sunset Crater eruption were primary research themes. The results of the U.S. 89 investigations are presented in a series of anthropological papers: Anthropological Papers No. 30, Part I and Part 2, contain background information on the project and descriptions of the 41 investigated sites.Part 1 includes the two sites in Elevation Zone 1 (5,700-6,199 ft [1,737-1,889 m] asl) and 11 sites in Elevation Zone 2 (6,200-6,699 ft [1,890-2,042 m] asl), the lower elevation zones in the northern half of the project area.

Between October 2002 and April 2003, Logan Simpson Design Inc. (LSD) conducted archaeological excavations at six prehistoric Prescott Culture sites around Willow and Watson Lakes, situated in the Granite Dells, a picturesque area of exposed granite bedrock located approximately 6.5 to 8 km (4 to 5 miles) north of the city of Prescott. The results of these excavations and the specialized studies of recovered artifacts and cultural samples are presented herein and, it is hoped, contribute to an increased understanding of the development of the Prescott Culture as a distinctive prehistoric cultural tradition in Arizona.

This report presents the results of an archaeological testing and data recovery program for approximately two acres of land located in Mesa, Maricopa County, Arizona (Figure 1.1). The research was conducted at the request of William Olsen and Gerald Ricke of Mesa, Arizona, prior to the purchase of the land for proposed private development. The irregular parcels are located east of Sossaman Road and Rittenhouse Road and the Southern Pacific railroad form the southern boundary (Figure 1.2).The artifact concentrations within the parcel are located completely within the boundaries of the S.W. Germann Site (AZ U:10:2 [ASM]), a previously recorded Hohokam village, dating from the Pioneer to Classic periods. The survey of the surrounding 30 acre project area (Lindly 2001) documented two potential areas of significant cultural resources consisting of a low mound and a trash deposit feature with cremated human bone. At the request of William Olsen and Gerald Ricke, SWCA implemented a program of archaeological testing and data recovery within these areas to determine the nature and extent of all intact subsurface archaeological features including human burials before construction begins. A testing plan was submitted to the Arizona State Historic Preservation Office prior to the testing (Lindly and Mitchell 2001). Eight features, including four burials were documented. The four burials consisted of three inhumations and one cremation, and these were excavated under a burial agreement with the Gila River Indian Community and the Arizona State Museum. The pottery recovered from the site was dominated by red ware and polychrome types, which are characteristic of the time period around A.D. 1200-1400. The location of the residential area associated with these burials may be further to the east outside the project area.

The Tonto Creek Archaeological Project (TCAP) area was located in the Tonto Basin of east-central Arizona. The project, funded by the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT), was undertaken by Desert Archaeology, Inc., in advance of the 1994-1996 realignment of Arizona State Route (SR) 188. The area available for investigation was a 61-m- (200-ft-) wide corridor, centered on the planned route for the realigned highway. This corridor, on Tonto National Forest land, followed a 13.3-km (8-mi) stretch of the western terrace overlooking Tonto Creek. From 1992 to 1996, portions of 27 archaeological sites were investigated in the project area. To coordinate archaeological investigation with the construction timetable, the TCAP area was divided into three sections (south-to-north): Sycamore Creek, Punkin Center, and Slate Creek. The Punkin Center section contained most of the sites, and over 80 percent of the field effort was expended in this section. Site components ranged in date from the Middle Archaic period to the Late Historic era. The majority dated to the Colonial, Sedentary, and early Classic periods, circa A.D. 750-1325. A total of 108 structures and 315 burials were excavated, in addition to numerous other cultural features. The architectural sample included pre-Classic period pit structures, as well as early Classic period pitrooms and surface masonry rooms. Early Classic inhumations accounted for nearly 90 percent of the excavated mortuary features. Other mortuary features included 21 Colonial period cremations and 13 pre-Classic inhumations. Eight sites in the Punkin Center section yielded the vast majority of burial features.Only two of the 315 burials were encountered outside of the Punkin Center section. A large assemblage of mortuary offerings was recovered from TCAP burials. Nearly 1,150 whole and reconstructible ceramic vessels, 37,500 pieces of shell and ground stone jewelry, and 187 projectile points were recovered from mortuary contexts. Additionally, painted wooden objects, three clay-lined and painted baskets, and several ground stone tools were collected. This collection was thoroughly documented prior to its repatriation to the Salt River-Pima-Maricopa Indian Community in 2000. This volume contains the descriptions of mortuary features from the project area and many of the analyses related to the mortuary assemblage.

Kimley-Hom and Associates are under contract with the Williams Gateway Airport Authority (WGAA) to provide services for design of the reconstruction and extension of Runway 12L-30R. A number of archaeological sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places (National Register) extend within the construction zone. Therefore, WGAA was required to take into account the potential for its undertakings to affect those archaeological sites under the terms of its lease agreement with the Air Force (the airport has since been deeded to WGAA), and also because the runway renovation is being federally funded by the FAA. Dames & Moore is under subcontract to Kimley-Hom and Associates to assist the WGAA by providing cultural resource services in support of the renovation project.

This report describes the results of archaeological investigations undertaken northeast and in the vicinity of the Tator Hills at the southern edge of the Santa Cruz Flats. The archaeological investigations were funded by the Bureau of Reclamation, Arizona Projects Office, and identified as Tasks 43 and 45 of Contract 3-PA-30-00740. The work was conducted to mitigate the impact to prehistoric resources in the construction of the Central Arizona Irrigation and Drainage District, Central Unit IV irrigation system. Three sites, two Archaic campsites (AZ AA:6:18[ASM]) and AZ AA:6:19[ASM]) and one Hohokam resource procurement locus (AZ AA:6:17[ASM]), were investigated. The primary goal of the study was to describe and elucidate the Archaic occupation of the Santa Cruz Flats.

This study presents the results of archaeological investigations undertaken within the proposed corridor of State Route 87 on the Fort McDowell Indian Reservation and Tonto National Forest, in northeastern Maricopa County, Arizona. This work was funded by the Arizona Department of Transportation (Contract 89-28) and conducted under the aegis of the Tonto National Forest. Six archaeological sites were investigated for this project, including three prehistoric lithic procurement sites, a Hohokam farmstead, a Hohokam habitation site, and a multicomponent site. Components of the latter site included both prehistoric and historic elements. The prehistoric component had occupations spanning more than 1,000 years and included materials from the late Archaic-early Pioneer period transition to the Sedentary period of the Hohokam occupation. The historic elements included a late nineteenth century farmstead, an early twentieth century schoolhouse, and a late nineteenth-early twentieth century irrigation canal. Evidence from the excavations indicate that occupation of the lower Verde River valley had commenced by the Late Archaic period. Maize production was in evidence, and semi-flexed inhumation, as well as cremation, burial was practiced. Site occupation at this time appears to have been seasonal, although reuses of site locales over a number of years was indicated. Early Pioneer occupation of the region was also seasonal, although possibly of somewhat lengthier duration than observed in the previous period. Maize agriculture is evident during this period, although wild resources continued to provide a substantial portion of the subsistence base. A stable, sedentary settlement characterizes the Colonial and Sedentary period; aspects of material culture indicate strong ties to the Salt-Gila basin area. The diversity and ubiquity of domesticated and encouraged plants points to a pervasive emphasis on cultivated products at this time, and, during the Sedentary period, there is evidence to suggest an intensification and diversification of agricultural production. Exploitation of the uplands may have been one means of expanding food production, perhaps in response to a greater demand caused by a growing population. Archaeological and archival research of the historic resources indicate that the irrigation canal, named the Velasco Ditch, was used as early as 1875. The length and configuration of this canal changed through time due to floodplain erosion; three distinct construction/maintenance episodes were documented. The termination of water delivery by c. 1906 was probably precipitated by several economic factors, as well as flood destruction. Historic habitation within the project area was by an unknown resident sometime between 1890 and 1902. The archaeological remains indicate reuse of the structure as an outbuilding or farm-related storage shed after is primary use as a residence. By 1902, the structure had burned, possibly catastrophically, and collapsed into a low mound. The sole school building was associated with the Cuba School District. The school structure was erected in 1900 and abandoned four years later, when purchased by the federal government. The failure to find artifacts surrounding the school other than those directly associated with educational activities suggests that it was not used regularly for other social or communal activities.

When the Salt River Project (SRP) decided to build the Lassen Substation (LSS) along the Western Canal just east of Priest Drive in Tempe, they determined to recover the significant archaeological resources that would otherwise be impacted. Thus a 2-ac parcel of the Hohokam village site known as La Ciudad de Los Hornos was excavated in 1988 by Archaeological Consulting Services (ACS); 195 cultural features were recorded. SRP also contracted with the present authors to write an overview of previous archaeological work at Los Hornos and to interpret its community patterns during the millennium of Hohokam occupation. This study would thus provide a model of the larger cultural context of the SRPLSS/ACS 2-ac sample from a site that encompasses approximately 450 ac.

During the period between 27 August and 21 November 1986, the Cultural Resources Management Division (CRMD) of the Arizona State Museum (ASM) conducted a seven-week long program of archaeological testing and data recovery within the Tempe Section of the proposed Outer Loop Freeway System (TSOLFS) corridor in Maricopa County. This program was coordinated through DeLeuw, Cather and Company, consultants to the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) under ADOT Contract 85-14. Archaeological work was conducted under Arizona Antiquity Permit 86-83. The majority of archaeological features documented in the project corridor are associated with the Las Acequias-Los Muertos irrigation system, the largest single irrigation system known from Precolumbian North America. These features, which appear to date from the Hohokam late Colonial through Classic periods (about A.D. 800 to 1400), include numerous canals, field houses, and probable field locations. We were able to document segments of at least 29 prehistoric canals and 1 historic canal, by far the largest sample of Hohokam canals studied within the framework of a single project.