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The ‘Zukunftsdiskurs’ (future discourse) "Understanding and using place identities - an opportunity for future-oriented regions" (short title “Zukunftsdiskurs Place Identities”) has taken up and continued the debate on the foundations, goals and characteristics of regional identities. In workshops, actors in spatial planning and development, as well as scientists, discussed the topics of regionalization, regional development, place identities and attachments to 'Heimat' (homeland). The aim was to identify innovative approaches for regional development by considering place identities and developing practical implementation guidelines. The 'Zukunftsdiskurs' thus addressed the following objectives, • to point out identity-generating characteristics and their further development as an important prerequisite for the profiling of regions, • to use the knowledge of these potentials for regional change processes and • to make the debates about identity, 'Heimat' and participation more objective. Regionalization as a process of cooperative regional formation is not a foregone conclusion. However, if regional identity is discussed and made manageable for planning practice, regional development can take targeted action to shape regions in a future-oriented manner. The identification with one's region, the willingness to participate in planning processes and the understanding of joint and progressive territorial development are essential effects that the 'Zukunftsdiskurs' supports., Der Zukunftsdiskurs „Raumbezogene Identitäten verstehen und nutzen – eine Chance für zukunftsorientierte Regionen“ (Kurztitel „Zukunftsdiskurs Raumbezogene Identitäten“) hat die Auseinandersetzung zu Grundlagen, Zielen und Ausprägungen regionaler Identitäten aufgegriffen und weitergeführt. In mehreren Foren diskutierten Akteure/-innen der räumlichen Planung und Entwicklung sowie Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler die Themen Regionalisierung, Regionalentwicklung, räumliche Identitäten und Heimatbezüge. Ziel war es, innovative Ansätze für die Berücksichtigung raumbezogener Identitäten bei der Entwicklung von Regionen zu erheben und praktische Umsetzungshinweise zu erarbeiten. Im Zukunftsdiskurs ging es also darum, • identitätsstiftende Merkmale und deren Weiterentwicklung als wichtige Voraussetzung für eine Profilierung von Regionen aufzuzeigen, • das Wissen um diese Potenziale für regionale Veränderungsprozesse zu nutzen und • die Debatten um Identität, Heimat und Teilhabe zu versachlichen. Regionalisierung als Prozess kooperativer Regionsbildung ist kein Selbstläufer. Erfasst und diskutiert man jedoch regionale Identität und macht sie für die Planungspraxis handhabbar, kann Regionalentwicklung hier gezielt ansetzen, um Regionen zukunftsorientiert zu gestalten. Die Identifikation mit der eigenen Region, die Bereitschaft, sich an Planungsprozessen zu beteiligen und das Verständnis von gemeinschaftlicher und progressiver Raumentwicklung sind wesentliche Effekte, die der Zukunftsdiskurs unterstützt.

Places of today face intense global competition for crucial resources. Attracting visitors and retaining residents is vital especially for post-industrial cities and rural places facing a loss of traditional industrial jobs, and urbanization and centralization of the population and economy. To attract resources and target groups like tourists and residents, place managers and authorities are increasingly turning to place branding. A recent stream of literature has adopted an identity-based view of place branding building on an understanding that like the formation of the place itself is an open-ended process, constantly renegotiated and socially constructed so is that of place branding. It depicts place branding as an identity construction process, an ongoing process of multilogue between different place stakeholders involved as active participants in the co-creation of the place brand experience, expression, and communication. In this light, effective place branding strategies must be based on a brand identity that reflects the perceptions of its stakeholders, communicated to and with key stakeholders. This highlights the need for place managers to understand place stakeholders’ perceptions to be able to mirror, articulate and reinforce them in the brand identity and place brand communication. There is however a lack of focus in extant research on the perspective of residents, a primary stakeholder group. Furthermore, questions remain regarding the drivers behind this process, especially regarding the role of person–place bonds in relation to place-related behavioral outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was: To investigate place-related identity concepts within an identity-based view of place branding. The current research sought to deepen the understanding of the identity-based view by 1) developing the understanding of how place-related identity aspects can be leveraged to influence the place-related behavioral intentions of key place stakeholders, focusing specifically on residents as a primary stakeholder group, and 2) to contribute to further conceptual and operational clarity regarding the elusive concept of place identity and related concepts underlying this process. Drawing on identity-based place branding literature in combination with identity, congruity, and attachment theory four research questions (RQs) were formulated: RQ1: How can the identity perspectives expressed in residents’ place image be characterized? RQ2: What is the relationship between place image, place attachment, self-congruity, and positive place word-of-mouth (WOM) across different stakeholder groups? RQ3: What is the relationship between place image, place attachment, self-congruity, and likelihood to stay in a place across cities of different sizes? RQ4: How can the concept of place identity be measured? To answer the research questions four studies were conducted, one qualitative, two quantitative and one conceptual, the results from each study presented in a research paper. In response to RQ1 the qualitative study highlights the different identity perspectives manifested by residents when describing their place perceptions. The place identity perspectives expressed in residents’ place image descriptions evidence both subject identity perspectives - through personal and social identity perspectives, and object identity perspectives – in terms of person, people/social (in-/out) group, and place object identity perspectives. These perspectives influence the content of place image descriptions both in terms of what residents describe – in terms of object identity, and how they describe it – depending on which identity lens is applied and from whose point of view. The results highlight the need for priming to activate a specific stakeholder identity when gathering place image perceptions and designing place branding campaigns. Quantitative findings in response to RQ2 applicable across two cities of different size indicate that affective place image influences positive WOM and that this relationship is mediated by place attachment for both residents and visitors. Interestingly, while the connection between affective place image and place attachment is stronger for residents, the connection between place attachment and positive WOM is significant also for visitors. Contrary to previous studies, the findings suggest that self-congruity with residents’ image may not offer sufficient symbolic value to inspire WOM behavior. Results however support that self-congruity plays a mediating role between affective place image and place attachment which is stronger for visitors than for residents. The findings highlight the need to successfully reflect the self-concept of key stakeholders in communication messages to strengthen emotional brand connections and consequently WOM behavior. When targeting residents, communication is best centered around aspects reflecting the place’s identity while, additionally, communication reflecting residents’ image may be targeted towards visitors to increase the probability of positive WOM. Findings concerning RQ3 show a positive relationship between place image and residents’ likelihood to stay, mediated by place attachment. The relationship between place image and place attachment is mediated by resident self-congruity. Implications include that perceived resident image fit may not offer any direct influence on residents’ likelihood to stay but is important to instill place attachment which impacts resident retention. Implications highlight the multifaceted nature of place self-congruity, the importance of careful consideration of constructs when operationalizing identification with a place, and that place attachment should not be used to measure residents’ likelihood to stay. Future research is encouraged to include images of both place and place consumers when studying residents’ place self-congruity. Implications highlight the capacity for place branding policies supporting inclusive community practices to unify and retain residents. Results from the conceptual study related to RQ4 show a range of elements and sub-dimensions relevant to measure the place identity/identification construct. Findings show how different labels have been applied to identify what appears to be conceptually equivalent constructs and vice-versa. A framework is presented of the cognitive, affective, and conative and evaluative elements of place identity/identification including their sub-dimensions. Results highlight the need to exert stringency when applying the terms in research and to carefully define and delineate concepts when gathering data and reporting results. Further theoretical and managerial contributions and suggestions for future research are discussed in the final chapter of the thesis. The four papers are presented as Appendices, three of which have been published and the fourth is being revised to be submitted for review in a scholarly journal.

Research on segregation has expanded beyond its traditional focus on the residential demography of cities to explore how, why and with what consequences segregation manifests within activity spaces outside the home. As part of this shift, researchers have become increasingly interested in the time geography of residents’ everyday mobility practices. Building on this work, the present paper explores the role of place identity dynamics in shaping how Catholic and Protestant residents navigate everyday spaces over time in the historically divided city of Belfast. To do so, we employ a novel combination of walking interviews (n = 33), GPS tracking, GIS visualizations, and photo elicitation. By recovering residents’ lived experiences of moving through the sensuous, material, and symbolic landscapes of the city, we show how the interrelated dynamics of place belonging and alienation influence their mobility choices in ways that maintain sectarian divisions. We also show how the concept of place identity enriches the materialist notion of mobility ‘constraints’ that has characterized most time geographic work on segregation. In conclusion, we suggest that interventions to promote desegregation must transform not only relations between different communities, but also relations between community members and the activity spaces in which their everyday movements are embedded.

Previous literature has focused on the antecedents of place attachment and the effects on place satisfaction and place loyalty. However, little is known about the relationship between emotional place branding and place attachment. This study analyses the process of creating an emotional city brand in order to promote emotional bonds and achieve resident and visitor place attachment. The northern Portuguese town of Viana do Castelo was chosen as case study to conduct a mixed-method approach. The authors conducted document analysis regarding the creation of the city brand and interviewed a city councillor to understand the way it was managed. A notable resident and a notable visitor with a strong bond with the city were also interviewed. Then the authors developed a focus group with heterogeneous profiles of residents and visitors in order to understand their perceptions of the city’s image. Finally, place attachment was measured through a survey, with a sample of 285 respondents. The results not only show good acceptance of the city brand by residents and visitors but also reveal expectations of a more engaging and active communication strategy to achieve affective commitment. Place attachment is strong, especially concerning emotional factors, suggesting that city branding strategies evoking emotional bonds may reinforce place attachment. Place identity is stronger than place dependence as regards residents and visitors.

The cultural heritage tourism site is hard to maintain identity since it is not representing the real identity in the site. Alongside, diminishing of the place significance that occurs at the cultural tourism site also contributed to the conflict of place identity. By considering the issue that faced at cultural heritage tourism site, the aims of this study are to understanding the potential of conflict place identity at cultural heritage tourism site towards the domestic tourist perspectives. Two objectives for this study: i) to identify the factor conflict of place identity that affect the significance of cultural heritage tourism site, ii) to evaluate the significance of place attachment towards the conflict of place identity at cultural heritage tourism site. This study is using quantitative techniques and the domestic tourists as main respondents at Petaling Street, Kuala Lumpur. The result of this study showed that the factors of conflict place identity at cultural heritage tourism sites could affect the tourist’s experiences and expectations about the tourism places. This study may inspire the stakeholders in handling the conflict of place identity and delivered better services to tourists for better services at cultural heritage tourism sites.

The present study was conducted in a traditional mining area in Romania-the Rovinari Carboniferous Basin-from which in 1976 the communist authorities relocated about 800 people, two churches, and a cemetery to a new location in the village of Iași, Gorj County, in order to expand coal mining operations. Using the triangulation method, we gathered data from 139 questionnaires, 30 interviews, and ethnographic observations to highlight the ways in which the traumatic memories of the communist period are evoked today by the displaced population and perceived by the younger generation. Apart from some post-communist memories that cast the communist regime in a positive light, respondents largely condemned the regime, which, by threatening to take away their work, forced them to move to a new location. This relocation had profound implications in respondents' personal and family mentality represented first by the destruction of local cultural property or heritage and later by the appearance of trauma and respondents’ implicit attachment to the places they had lost. The history of those times is taught through the intergenerational transmission of memories at home as a place of family identity or at church as the centre of spirituality for the Romanian village. Bringing household items from the old destroyed location to the new location strengthened respondents’ postcommunist memory and helped to heal or alleviate their past trauma. However, beyond the differing political considerations expressed by those we interviewed and questioned, the complexity of post-communist memory, whichis tense and nuanced, remains relevant under deeper scrutiny.

This paper explores the lived space of entrepreneurial urbanism in Orestad, a 1990s mega-project still under development on the edge of Copenhagen. Drawing upon in-depth interviews, interactive map-making and critical discourse analysis, it shows that imaginaries of urban competition, place branding and cosmopolitanism have only superficially been internalized by residents as part of their lived space in Orestad, even revealing contradictory everyday practices and experiences. Rather than the cosmopolitan metropole and connected city space it was conceived to become, the district is experienced as a disconnected housing satellite without much street life, as a stepping stone to something better by reducing home to exchange value, and as an area with a community based in opposition. A sense of place identity and place attachment does exist for many Orestaders but it is born out of ‘do-it-yourself mentality’ and reaction to a sense of ephemerality. The lived space of entrepreneurial urbanism in Orestad can only partly be understood by what the district is, but much more by what it is not – i.e. by what it lacks from the perspective of its residents.

Tourism destination literature identifies place identity and place dependence as prominent dimensions of place attachment. Despite their importance, only limited research has been carried out to ex...

Amid the global dilemma of youth unemployment, youth entrepreneurship has had an important impact on social, cultural and economic progress, and various countries have actively promoted relevant frameworks and strategies. Taiwan has many cultural assets whose original functions are no longer preserved. Fortunately, the public sector has thought a variety of redevelopment strategies to promote sustainable development, and new functions and usage patterns for these sites have emerged. However, there is a lack of research investigating the links between youth entrepreneurship, community participation and place attachment in local-development projects: a gap that this paper intends to fill. Against the backdrop of one such project, this study discusses the interrelationships of youth entrepreneurship, community participation, place dependence and place identity. Its results indicate that the different personal backgrounds of young entrepreneurs had little or no bearing on the extent of their community participation, place dependence or place identity. However, such community participation had a moderately positive correlation with place dependence and place identity, leading the authors to conclude that the participation of a community of young entrepreneurs brings new opportunities for local development that transcend the mere reduction of youth unemployment. That is, in addition to maintaining and preserving historic spaces, it boosts both sustainable development and diversity in the broader local community. They also calls for future research to assess whether community participation influences place attachment in other parts of the world.

Place attachment has been a research focus in the fields of park and recreation management. Place attachment plays an important role in promoting sustainable development of parks and mountain tourism destination, however, there are limited studies that identified the spatial patterns of place attachment, especially in the context of mountain tourism destinations in China. Also, the geospatial spectrum of visitors is usually broad, examining the multivariate relationships among spatial proximity, perceived authenticity, and place attachment are essential for mountain tourism destinations to promote destination image and strengthen emotional bonding with targeted visitor groups. In this study, we selected an iconic and highly visited park, Jiuzhai Valley National Park in China, as our study site and conducted an on-site visitor survey to collect 557 samples. Study uses factor analysis and the structure equation model to analyze the relationship among spatial proximity, perceived authenticity, and place attachment. Results validate the two-dimension structure of place attachment and perceived authenticity. Study findings suggest that spatial proximity has significant impacts on existential authenticity and place identity, but has no significant impacts on place dependence. Perceived authenticity has a positive impact on place attachment. Study results advance the theories of place attachment and provide effective strategies to enhance emotional attachment between visitors and mountain tourism destinations.

This study seeks to identify and explore the sense of place that Third Culture Kids (TCKs) have and the various interpretations that TCKs have regarding their lived reality, as they form part of the international community in Romania. This study contextually explores the sense of belonging to a place. The purpose of the study is to ascertain the role and ways of implementing "Place Based Education" in the context of international and multicultural education systems that serve TCK populations. This was done while trying to understand concepts from the expatriate way of life as expressed by TCKs who attend the American International School of Bucharest. Two main assumptions form the grounds of this study: When an international school combines an International Baccalaureate (IB) system with Place Based Education (PBE) criteria, would it contribute in creating a "Sense of Place" towards the school and contribute in creating a positive foreigner self-identification? This research aims to understand whether and how PBE can be implemented in an international school. Throughout two academic school years, field observations and interviews with students and school staff were conducted. The data analysis resulted in three main findings. The first finding was ambivalent feelings towards the host country that were connected to expressions of place attachment, place dependence and place identity. The second finding was self-identification as a TCK and a sense of belonging to an international community. The third and most surprising finding was a strong sense of place in relation to the school. This process led to comparing Place Based Education criteria to the criteria of the International Baccalaureate program and discovering that these two pedagogical worlds are overlapping and can therefore be easily combined.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine users’ satisfaction and attachment to beaches along the Atlantic Ocean in Lagos, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach This study follows a quantitative research approach. For convenience, data were collected through a systematic random sampling technique, from 682 users in 10 of the 27 beaches in the study area. Findings The study revealed that users were overwhelmed by the natural beauty of the beach, the sand that makes sauntering and opportunities to network with other users. The overall results reveal a strong association of users’ reliance (place dependence) and identification with the beaches (place identity). As such, users’ satisfaction, identity with and dependence on the beach environmental attributes were influenced by factors such as uses and activities, comfort and image, sociability and access and linkages. Research limitations/implications The study can strengthen the development of design guidelines and social policy for beaches along the Atlantic Ocean, Nigeria. Hence, the view may not be generalizable to other beaches along the Atlantic Ocean with different social, economic, cultural and political settings. Originality/value To build meaningful and emotional connections in beaches of developing countries, the paper of this nature is vital as it will aid the development of design guidelines and social policy for beaches through the provision of physical and social features that enhance people-place relationships.

Attachments are intrinsic to the human condition. Geographers and related scholars are especially interested in place attachments and how they shape everyday routines (e.g. routes to work, shopping...

Place attachment to both physical and virtual places was investigated in an online survey of massively multiplayer online gamers. Participants (N=740) completed a place attachment inventory once for the place in the physical world which they considered home, and once for a place in a virtual world they felt attached to. In addition, measures of personality, gaming motivation, life satisfaction, attachment style, and identification with online avatars were taken. Results suggested that place identity, place uniqueness, and place social bonding were higher for physical places than for virtual places, but that place affect was higher for virtual places. A small number of participants (N=55, 7%) identified virtual ‘homes’, which participants felt were more special and which they identified more strongly with than other virtual places, and that were as unique and associated with an equal sense of belonging to physical homes. Results are interpreted through the lens of migration theory, and recommendations made for future research into digital domiciles and migration.

Residents' support is critical to the success of ethnic tourism and has been the focus of many research efforts. This study enriches relevant discourse with a comprehensive view that integrates rational and emotional perspectives to map the drivers behind minority residents' support in the context of ethnic destinations in China. Based on social exchange theory and place attachment theory, a mediation model was proposed to capture the effects of rational factors (perceived costs and benefits) and emotional factors (place identity and place dependence). This model was tested using data collected from 294 ethnic residents in Xijiang Miao Village in China. Structural equation modeling confirmed that place identity and place dependence fully mediate the effects of perceived benefits and costs on residents’ support. Practical implications for tourism planning and development in ethnic destinations are also discussed.

A thorough knowledge of the sense of place concept is required to understand the relationship between a heritage place and the people doing activities in that place. A good understanding of the human dimension presence is one of the keys to achieving sustainable heritage conservation. Although the concept of sense of place has become part of spatial studies to explain place-people bonding, there is no universal agreement among scholars how to interpret this concept. As a basis for understanding sense of place in a heritage context, this paper proposes a concept of sense of place that was developed from an approach that sees heritage place-people bonding as an attitude. This approach reliably results in a sense of place construction that is comprehensive, unambiguous, and has the potential for further development in later research on conservation behavior. As an attitude concept, sense of place has three dimensions, namely place identity (cognitive component), place attachment (affective component), and place dependence (conative component). Each dimension could be explained by different but interrelated principles. These principles were chosen because they were considered capable of identifying the bonds between people and heritage places that have both tangible and intangible aspects and are influenced by the dimension of time. The relationships between heritage place, sense of place dimensions, and the principles that explain each dimension are arranged in a conceptual framework. This framework can be used as a guideline for heritage researchers to understand the sense of place concept, which seems too abstract and subjective, so that it can be operationalized in research and be applied for the benefit of heritage conservation.Abstrak. Pengetahuan mendalam mengenai konsep sense of place dibutuhkan untuk memahami interaksi yang terjadi antara kawasan pusaka dan individu yang berkegiatan di dalamnya. Pemahaman mengenai kehadiran dimensi manusia adalah salah satu kunci untuk mencapai keberlanjutan pelestarian. Meskipun konsep sense of place telah menjadi bagian dari kajian spasial untuk menjelaskan ikatan tempat-manusia, tetapi belum ada kesepakatan universal tentang bagaimana menyelidiki konsep ini. Sebagai landasan pemahaman dalam konteks pusaka, tulisan ini mengusulkan sebuah konsep sense of place yang disusun berdasarkan pendekatan yang memandang ikatan tempat pusaka-manusia sebagai sebuah konsep sikap. Pendekatan ini andal menghasilkan konstruksi sense of place yang komprehensif, tidak ambigu, dan berpotensi untuk kelak dikembangkan dalam penelitian mengenai perilaku melestarikan. Sebagai sebuah konsep sikap, sense of place memiliki 3 (tiga) dimensi yang terdiri dari place identity (komponen kognitif), place attachment (komponen afektif), dan place dependence (komponen konatif). Masing-masing dimensi dijelaskan dengan prinsip-prinsip yang berbeda, tetapi saling terkait. Prinsip-prinsip tersebut terpilih karena dianggap mampu mengindentifikasi ikatan yang terjadi antara individu dengan lingkungan pusaka yang berwujud dan tak berwujud, serta dipengaruhi oleh dimensi waktu. Hubungan yang terbentuk antara kawasan pusaka, ketiga dimensi sense of place, dan prinsip-prinsip yang menjelaskan setiap dimensi, disusun dalam sebuah kerangka konseptual. Kerangka konseptual ini dapat menjadi panduan bagi para peneliti pusaka untuk memahami konsep sense of place yang terkesan abstrak dan subjektif sehingga kelak dapat dioperasionalkan dalam penelitian dan diaplikasikan untuk kepentingan pelestarian kawasan pusaka.Kata kunci. Place attachment, place dependence, place identity, pusaka, sense of place.

Place attachment is recognized as integral to addressing place-based challenges, such as environmental degradation. In combination with place identity and place meaning, place attachment can contri...

There is growing recognition of the importance of local governance, for both self-determination and the quality of decision-making. While many authors acknowledge the potential of local governments...

The importance of place in landscape management and outdoor recreation has been prominent in the literature since the 1970s. As such, calls to incorporate place into the management of parks, forests, and other protected areas exist. However, little work explores how place attachment may complement existing management frameworks. Hence, the purpose of this investigation was to explore levels of visitors’ place attachment intensity across the six classes of the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS). Survey data collected in North America and Europe indicated there was more similarity in place attachment intensities among areas classified toward the less developed end of the ROS, while greater variation existed among the more developed sites. Observing place attachment across all six ROS classes allowed for a deeper understanding of the correlation between place and the management framework.

This paper presents a select review of the literature on approaches to place attachment. A review of literary works on the topic reveals that approaches to place attachment studies can be grouped into four broad domains: attachment to specific places and ‘meaningful locations’; predictors vs consequences of place attachment; methodologies of place dimensions; and theoretical approaches to the study. Comparatively, we then consider the approach to studies on place attachment in South Africa through a selective review of empirical studies on the topic. These are grouped into three broad categories: community attachment and cultural symbolism studies; place, sense of place, and place identity studies; and studies on the historical perspective of environmentalism in South Africa. We posit that studies on place attachment in South Africa are relatively in their infancy, and that more could be done to augment methodological and theoretical gaps on place attachment research in the country. However, by selecting South Africa as a reference point for studies in the global South, we do not purport that the selected studies are representative of the wide plethora of studies on place attachment discourse in this region.

There is a growing interest among urban planners in identifying and reinforcing key features that differentiate a city from others. At a local level, neighbourhoods are increasingly positio...

Scholars studying sense of place have introduced several separate yet related terms which are often used interchangeably including phrases like place attachment, place meaning, place identity, and ...

The phenomenon of tourist revisiting has attracted attention because of its economic benefits to tourist destinations. Under the guidance of the Stimuli–Organism–Response framework, this research c...

This contribution to a spatial theory of sense of place is an invitation to seek a better understanding of the importance of physical and concrete places in dynamic territorial attachments and meanings. The objective is to build a theoretical and methodological framework embracing a spatial approach to relations with place, and of testing it on different territories. From 130 individual interviews conducted in four rural areas, this article provides four main scientific insights: (1) a theoretical input through clarification and classification of seven concepts involved in the interactions between people and places; (2) a framework proposition in order to highlight the important role of place in defining sense of place; (3) an empirical input, with a comparative multiple case analysis; and (4) schematic representations of place attachment (based on place dependence and place identity) and place meaning (based on liked, disliked and notorious entities). Such results may be of interest to both land-use planners, in order to match facilities to affinities, and to inhabitants themselves, as tools for dialog.

This thesis explores how people engage and attribute meaning to a specific type of building, water towers. I choose these buildings because they have been present in the past and in our times. Thus, I investigate how people relate to this place and the different components that are part of that engagement, including the characteristics attributed to them. As it will be shown this attachment is diverse among the participants despite being the same building function-wise. To elaborate on these, I focused on different concepts such as sense of place, place identity and place attachment.With this framework, I explored different ways people generate a bond with a location and how their experience it, and what type of relation it generates with the building. There are different types of attachment that people have that will be shown. I will present four different ways that people relate to these places. I explored four ways on how the people engage with water towers, the first one is the engagement through the conservation of the building, where people recognize an historical value, secondly, the creation of engagement through the enhance of the water tower, another engagement that is created socially and people shares a common knowledge of the buildings, and lastly, an individual attachment, where users attached emotionally and trough their memories and experiences with the water towers. Since it is an exploratory study, there might be other cases that can exist but have not been explored here. The water towers presented here were built in different periods; therefore, in a way, water towers are connecting the past to the present, and why not think about the future of buildings that are not currently being used and can be redesigned to have a different purpose from what they were designed for.

This study adopted an empirical approach to examine the effectiveness of integrating intergenerational education with food and agricultural education to increase students’ affection for their learning environment. The intergenerational food and agricultural education program in this study consisted of various courses promoting educational dialogue between students and their parents and grandparents at home. The bidirectional learning process allowed the three generations to better understand each other’s dietary and life experiences and pass on the relevant knowledge and culture. The 51 participants in this quantitative study were rural elementary schoolchildren who were divided into an experimental group and a control group. Place attachment was evaluated through the two sub-dimensions of place identity and place dependence. The results revealed that food and agricultural education implemented as intergenerational education strengthens learners’ affective attachment to their school environment.

Scenarios of significant adverse consequences of hazards related to sea level are expected to increase in magnitude and frequency in the future. The district of Lisbon and specifically the area where the neighborhood of Segundo Torrão is located are identified as the most vulnerable concerning sea level rise impacts. This thesis aims to understand how such coastal community make sense of and cope with such events by bringing together models of place attachment and community resilience. By doing so, politics of place identity are discussed in terms of environmental injustice. Also, an examination of the role of the media - as a social amplifier of risk - in representing both the neighborhood and related hazards is included. A Participatory Action Research perspective guided the process of data collection of 2 semi-structured interview and 1 focus group; a media analysis of 56 articles was performed. All data were analyzed through Thematic Analysis. Cenários de significativas consequências adversas dos perigos relacionados com a subida do nível do mar deverão aumentar em magnitude e frequência no futuro. O distrito de Lisboa e especificamente a área onde se situa o bairro de Segundo Torrão são identificados como os mais vulneráveis no que diz respeito aos impactos da subida do nível do mar. Esta tese visa compreender como esa comunidade costeira representa e lida com tais acontecimentos, combinando modelos de relação com o lugar e de resiliência comunitária. Assim, as políticas de identidade do lugar são discutidas em termos de injustiça sócio-ambiental. Além disso, inclui-se uma análise do papel dos meios de comunicação social - como amplificadores sociais do risco - nas representações ao tanto da comunidade em si, como dos perigos que enfrenta relacionados com a subida do nível do mar. Uma perspetiva de Investigação Acão Participativa orientou o processo de recolha de dados de 2 entrevistas semi-estruturadas e 1 grupo focal; foi realizada uma análise de jornais diários portugueses de 56 artigos. Todos os dados foram analisados através da Análise Temática.

The pro-environmental behaviour intentions (PEBIs) of tourists is a popular topic in tourism geography research. Visitors are important stakeholders in the development and conservation of World Natural Heritage sites (WNHs). Based on the perspective of the Mehrabian–Russell (M-R) theory, to advance our understanding of the transmission mechanism and mediation effect of the “perception–emotion–behaviour” chain of visitors at World Natural Heritage sites, we introduced two variables, namely heritage genes perception (HGP) and environmental knowledge perception (EKP), combined with place attachment (PA) and pro-environmental behaviour intentions (PEBIs), and scientifically constructed the conceptual model of the “EHPP model”, consisting of EKP, HGP, PA and PEBIs. Taking the Bayanbulak Heritage Site as an example, the EHPP model was fitted and tested using the structural equation model (SEM). The results show that: (1) the EHPP model is applied to fit the “cognitive–emotional–behaviour intentions” chain of visitors in WNHs and passed the empirical test; (2) there were positive and significant effects of EKP on HGP, and EKP indirectly affects PEBIs via HGP and PA; (3) place dependence (PD) had a significant and positive influence on place identity (PI); and (4) compliance with pro-environmental behaviour intentions (CPEBIs) had a direct positive influence on pro-environmental behaviour intentions (PPEBIs). The findings of this study provide empirical references for stimulating the pro-environmental behaviour intentions of tourists at World Natural Heritage sites.

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Ruins serve as symbolic sites at which to re-examine people’s relationships with the past and bonds with places. In the context of the ruination caused by earthquakes and the displacement and resettlement of local residents post-disaster, this paper explores vernacular (residents’ and survivors’) memories, emotions, and senses of place triggered by the ruins of Beichuan county town, China. Results show vernacular memories of specific ruins were highly fragmented and multi-temporal. Interwoven before- and after-quake memories gave rise to complex emotions, mainly including traumatic feeling of sadness, fear, and painful nostalgia. The study further identifies people’s sense of place towards the ruined county town and finds that locals’ sense of place was not accompanied by the loss of physical dependence to the negative side; locals still expressed high levels of place identity (physical uniqueness, self-esteem, and meanings), place attachment (rootedness and emotional attachment), and positive consequences of place behaviours (protection intention and revisiting) post-earthquake. Moreover, it found that sociodemographic variables of age and length of residence in Beichuan and the variables of disaster loss had significant effect on people’s sense of place. This study balances the overriding focus on visual and representational concerns common in ruin scholarship and further reveals the complex psychological processes impacting on sense of place after large-scale disasters. The findings reflect on the relief practices of post-disaster planning and can serve to guide ruin preservation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the interaction effect of psychological place attachment and proactive coping on psychological distress and mental well-being in sojourners. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted from July 12, 2019 to July 12, 2020 at University of Sargodha, Pakistan and comprised academic sojourners who stay in a place for a limited period of time. Data was collected using four self-reporting tools: Psychological Place Attachment Scale, Proactive Coping Inventory, Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale and Kasler Psychological Distress Scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 24. RESULTS Of the 300 subjects, 181(60.3%) were females; 164(54.7%) were from Punjab; and 261(87%) were aged 17-22 years. Proactive coping, preventive coping and reflective coping significantly moderated the relationship between affective and psychological distress (p

River revitalization, also called river restoration, has been implemented globally to restore urban river ecosystems that would benefit both the environment and local residents in various ways. The Hong Kong government has been attempting to revitalize local urban rivers, however, the perception and value of river restoration have not been assessed. With the application of a contingent valuation method, a questionnaire survey was designed to capture the attitude, place attachment, and willingness to pay (WTP) of Hong Kong residents in the context of urban rivers and river revitalization, and a proposed scenario for revitalization is given. The relationships among WTP, attitude and place attachment were explored through regression analysis. A total of 400 questionnaire samples were collected from Hong Kong residents, and over 75% of respondents were willing to pay for the proposed scenario. The results from regression analysis indicated that attitude, place dependence, place identity, and place social bonding positively influenced WTP and WTP bid amounts. In contrast, the place effect was unexpectedly found to be negatively correlated with WTP. Implications were drawn from these results, and recommendations were made concerning the features to be restored and conserved in future river revitalization work and the need to provide quality urban nature-based spaces for citizens.