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In this study, the constituents of a Corydalis bungeana Turcz extract were qualitatively analyzed using gradient elution with a mobile phase of 0.2% acetic acid and acetonitrile. We obtained comprehensive insight into the constituents of C. bungeana Turcz extracts through the quantitative analysis of 14 compounds by comparison with authentic reference standards, and tentatively identified an additional 44 compounds through electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and tandem MS detection. The separation was successfully achieved using an Agilent SB-C 18 column (1.8 µm, 150 × 2.1 mm; Agilent, Santa, CA, USA). A tandem quadrupole spectrometer was operated in either full-scan mode or multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the constituents, respectively. Validation data (inter-day and intra-day combined) for accuracy and precision ranged from -4.80% to 4.73%, and 0.30% to 4.97%, respectively. An ultrahigh performance liquid chromatographic-ESI-tandem MS (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method for qualitative of C. bungeana Turcz ( C. bungeana ) extract and the quantification of 14 alkaloids, namely, A-N, was developed and validated. Quantitative analysis involved gradient elution with a mobile phase of 0.1% acetic acid and methanol for 45 min. The separation was successfully achieved using a Waters SB-C 18 column (1.8 µm, 100 mm × 2.1 mm, Waters, Milford, Massachusetts, USA). The repeatability and stability of the method also met USFDA criteria with CV values lower than 5%. The limit of detection of the 14 alkaloids ranged from 9.74 to 13.00 ng/mL, whereas the linearities of the standard curves were between 0.9991 and 0.9995. In total, 15 commercial samples from 11 different sources were analyzed.

A selective and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of ziyuglycoside I ( I ), 3β,19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic-acid 28-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester ( II ), 3β-[(α-l-arabinopyranosyl) oxy]-urs-12,18(19)-dien-28-oic acid β-d-glucopyranosyl ester ( III ), rosamultin ( IV ), 1β-hydroxyeuscaphic acid ( V ) and alpinoside ( VI ) in rats after oral administration of Sanguisorba officinalis L. ( S. officinalis ) extract. The 3β,19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic-acid 28-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester, 3β-[(α-l-arabinopyranosyl) oxy]-urs-12,18(19)-dien-28-oic acid β-d-glucopyranosyl ester, rosamultin, 1β-hydroxyeuscaphic acid and alpinoside in rat plasma were the first report in the pharmacokinetics study in the present study. The analytes were quantified using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with the electrospray ion source in positive electrospray ionization. Plasma was extracted with ethyl acetate via liquid⁻liquid extraction. Bifendate was used as internal standard (IS). The current method was validated for linearity, intra-day and inter-day precisions, accuracy, extraction recovery, matrix effect and stability. The lower limits of quantification of ziyuglycoside I, 3β,19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic-acid 28-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester, 3β-[(α-l-arabinopyranosyl) oxy]-urs-12,18(19)-dien-28-oic acid β-d-glucopyranosyl ester, rosamultin, 1β-hydroxyeuscaphic acid and alpinoside were 6.1, 4.9, 1.3, 3.8, 1.5 and 5.7 ng/mL, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day precision and the accuracy of the assay were in range from -9.48 to 12.74%. The extraction recoveries of analytes and bifendate (IS) from rat plasma ranged from 77.17% to 92.48%. Six compounds could be rapidly absorbed into blood ( T max , 0.58⁻1.58 h), and then eliminated relatively slowly ( t 1/2 , 6.86⁻11.63 h). The pharmacokinetic results might contribute to further guide the clinical application of S. officinalis .

A rapid and sensitive Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of fourteen alkaloids in beagle dog plasma after a single oral dose of the Corydalis bungeana Turcz ( C. bungeana ) extract selected bifendate as the internal standard (IS). The plasma samples were preprocessed by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with aether before separation on an Agilent SB-C 18 column (1.8 µm, 150 × 2.1 mm) using a gradient elution program. The mobile phase consists of 0.2% acetic acid and acetonitrile at the flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. In the positive ion mode, the analytes were detected by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The results indicated that calibration curves for fourteen analytes have good linearity ( R ² = 0.9904). The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) of fourteen alkaloids and IS were all over 4.87 ng/mL and the matrix effects ranged from 94.08% to 102.76%. The mean extraction recoveries of Quality control samples at low (LQC), medium (MQC) and high (HQC) and IS were all more than 78.03%. The intra- and inter-day precision (R.S.D.%) also met the criterion, at the same time the deviation of assay accuracies (R.E) ranged from -13.70% to 14.40%. The T max values of fourteen alkaloids were no more than 1 h. The range of C max was from 74.16 ± 8.71 to 2256 ± 255.9 ng/mL. The assay was validated in the light of the regulatory bioanalytical guidelines and proved acceptable, which was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of these compounds in beagle dogs after oral administration of Corydalis bungeana Turcz extract.

This study has developed a sensitive and simple ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of corydaline, dehydrocorydaline, tetrahydropalmatine, protopine, palmatine, tetrahydroberberine, columbamine, berberine, coptisine and berberrubine in beagle dog plasma after the oral administration of the Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang and Yuanhuzhitong tablets. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 RRHD column (1.8 µm, 50 × 2.1 mm) using a gradient elution program with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. A tandem mass spectrometric detection was conducted by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode via an electrospray ionization source in the positive mode. The calibration curves of all analytes showed good linear ( r ² > 0.9800). The intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 15% and the accuracies were within ±15%. The extraction recoveries conformed to the acceptable range. And there was no interference of endogenous substances in the sensitive assay method. All analytes were proven to be stable during sample storage and analysis procedures. The pharmacokinetic study indicated that the Yuanhuzhitong tablets could get a better absorption than Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang.

Coptidis rhizoma (CR) is the dried rhizome of the ranunculaceous plant CR. For decades in China, this plant has been used to treat hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and chronic diarrhea and has been officially included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The present paper presents a review of the pharmacokinetics of CR. The pharmacokinetic studies and differences of 10 alkaloids among Coptis deltoidea C. Y. cheng et Hsiao, Coptis chinensis Franch and Coptis teeta Wall. Are seldom reported. This study is the first to determine corydaline, dehydrocorydaline, tetrahydropalmatine, palmatine, magnoflorine, jatrorrhizine, berberine, worenine, berberrubine, and coptisine, which adopted an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry, simultaneously. Chromatographic separation was performed within 8 min by using an Agilent SB-C 18 column (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) with gradient mobile phase consisting of 0.3% acetic acid water (v / v) and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Multiple reaction monitoring mode was used to detect the tandem mass spectrum in the positive ionization mode by electrospray ionization source. The method was fully validated to be linear over a wide concentration (r > 0.9916), and the linear concentration range was 0.195–2260 ng/mL. Intra- and interday precisions were below 14.19% and 18.56% for the 10 analytes, respectively. The accuracy ranged from −9.30% to 6.31%. The extraction recovery of the 10 alkaloids and internal standard ranged from 79.76% to 95.37%. Pharmacokinetic comparative study showed that the C max and AUC 0-∞ values of dehydrocorydaline, tetrahydropalmatine, palmatine, magnoflorine, jatrorrhizine, berberine, worenine, berberrubine, and coptisine increased significantly (p < 0.05), which was different for beagles after oral administration. The results can help determine the mechanism of action and guide clinical application of these three extracts. This validated method was successfully applied for the pharmacokinetics study of beagle plasma after oral administration of three CR extract types. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]