1. Clerodendron glandulosum.Coleb leaf extract attenuates in vitro macrophage differentiation and expression of VCAM-1 and P-selectin in thoracic aorta of atherogenic diet fed rats.
- Author
-
Jadeja RN, Thounaojam MC, Jain M, Devkar RV, and Ramachandran AV
- Subjects
- Animals, Aorta, Thoracic pathology, Autoantibodies blood, Calcium blood, Lipids blood, Macrophages pathology, Male, Oxidation-Reduction drug effects, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plaque, Atherosclerotic blood, Plaque, Atherosclerotic chemically induced, Plaque, Atherosclerotic pathology, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Aorta, Thoracic metabolism, Cell Differentiation drug effects, Clerodendrum chemistry, Diet, Atherogenic adverse effects, Down-Regulation drug effects, Macrophages metabolism, P-Selectin biosynthesis, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Leaves chemistry, Plaque, Atherosclerotic drug therapy, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 biosynthesis
- Abstract
Present inventory evaluates the anti-atherogenic potential of C. glandulosum.Coleb leaf extract (CG) using in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Serum markers of low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) oxidation, cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins, auto-antibody titer, ex vivo LDL-C oxidation, LDL-C aggregation, aortic lipids, histopathological evaluations and immunolocalization of macrophage surface marker (F4/80), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and P-selectin were performed in CON [rats treated with single dose of saline (i.p.) and fed with laboratory chow], ATH [rats treated with single dose of vitamin D3 (600,000 IU, i.p) and fed with atherogenic diet] and ATH+CG [rats treated with single dose of vitamin D3 (600,000 IU, i.p.) and fed with atherogenic diet and simultaneously treated with 200 mg/kg CG extract, p.o.] for 8 weeks. CG extract supplementation to atherogenic diet fed rats significantly prevented increment in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins, markers of LDL-C oxidation, auto-antibody titer and aortic lipids. Also, LDL-C isolated from ATH+CG rats recorded mimimal aggregation and susceptibility to undergo ex vivo LDL-C oxidation. Microscopic evaluation of thoracic aorta of ATH+CG rats reveled prevention of atheromatous plaque formation, accumulation of lipid laden macrophages, calcium deposition, distortion/defragmentation of elastin, accumulation of macrophages and, down regulation of cell adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and P-selectin) expression. Further, in vitro monocyte to macrophage differentiation was significantly attenuated in presence of CG extract (200 µg/mL). It can be concluded from the present study that, CG extract is capable of controlling induction of experimental atherosclerosis and warrants further scrutiny at the clinical level as a possible therapeutic agent.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF