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A striking species of cyphelloid fungus tentatively identified as a Henningsomyces or Rectipilus was collected in Białowieża virgin forest in Poland since 1962. After search in literature, morphological studies and phylogenetic analyses based on LSU and ITS rDNA sequences, the species turned out to be unknown to science with ≥ 5% difference in LSU rDNA sequence from nearest representatives of both cyphelloid and agaricoid fungi. We describe it here as a new genus Cyphelloporia and new species C. bialoviesensis. The species is still known only from the Białowieża forest, where it produces large basidiomata consisting of a well developed subiculum and densely aggregated, tubular receptacles up to 10 mm long on decaying trunks of Picea abies. A detailed morphological description accompanied by line drawings and photographs is provided, and differences from similar Rectipilus and Henningsomyces species are discussed. Phylogenies based on LSU and ITS sequences show that C. bialoviesensis belongs to the lineage formed by Rectipilus species together with Phyllotopsis nidulans and Pleurocybella porrigens, whereas true Henningsomyces species belong to a highly unrelated lineage labelled Niaceae or Cyphellaceae. Family position of C. bialoviesensis is discussed showing that Phyllotopsidaceae is well justified.

A new genus, Anthoporia Karasiński & Niemelä, is proposed for the brown-rot polypore Polyporus albobrunneus Romell [= Antrodia albobrunnea (Romell) Ryvarden]. The new genus is separated from Antrodia P. Karst. s.str. in several morphological features, and it is only distantly related to Antrodia serpens (Fr.) P. Karst. (generic type of Antrodia) in recently published phylogenies. Additionally, Anthoporia albobrunnea (Romell) Karasiński & Niemelä is described and illustrated based on material collected in Białowieża National Park in northeastern Poland.

The Białowieża Forest (BF) is one of the best-preserved lowland deciduous and mixed forest complexes in Europe, rich in diverse fungi. This paper summarizes what is known about the poroid fungi of the Polish part of the Białowieża Forest, based on literature data, a re-examination of herbarium materials, and the authors’ studies from 1990–2014. An annotated catalogue of polypores recorded in the forest is presented, including 80 genera with 210 species. All literature and herbarium records are enumerated, and 160 species are illustrated with color pictures. Fourteen species previously reported in the literature have uncertain status because they lack voucher specimens and were not confirmed in recent field studies. Antrodiella subradula (Pilát) Niemelä & Miettinen, previously known from Asia, is reported for the first time from Europe. Fourteen species are newly reported from the Białowieża Forest (mainly from Białowieża National Park), including 8 species with first records in Poland (Antrodia hyalina Spirin, Miettinen & Kotir., Antrodia infirma Renvall & Niemelä, Antrodiella subradula, Junghuhnia fimbriatella (Peck) Ryvarden, Postia folliculocystidiata (Kotl. & Vampola) Niemelä & Vampola, Postia minusculoides (Pilát ex Pilát) Boulet, Skeletocutis chrysella Niemelä, Skeletocutis papyracea A. David), and 6 species reported previously from other localities in Poland [Antrodiella faginea Vampola & Pouzar, Dichomitus campestris (Quél.) Domański & Orlicz, Loweomyces fractipes (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Jülich, Oxyporus latemarginatus (Durieu & Mont.) Donk, Perenniporia narymica (Pilát) Pouzar, Phellinus nigricans (Fr.) P. Karst.]. Several very rare European polypores already reported from the Białowieża Forest in the 20th century, such as Antrodia albobrunnea (Romell) Ryvarden, Antrodiella foliaceodentata (Nikol.) Gilb. & Ryvarden, Buglossoporus pulvinus (Pers.) Donk, Dichomitus albidofuscus (Domański) Domański and Gelatoporia subvermispora (Pilát) Niemelä, were found at new localities, confirming their continuous occurrence in this forest.

The paper presents information about Xylaria oxyacanthae Tul. & C. Tul., a new species for Poland. The fungus was for the first time found in the mid-field shelterbelt near Turew village and in the city park in Kraków.

The new genus Lawrynomyces is proposed to accommodate Hyphoderma capitatum, a predominantly European species growing on decayed coniferous wood. The genus belongs to the Rickenella-clade in the order Hymenochaetales, and it includes species characterized by resupinate basidiomes, monomitic hyphal system with simple septate hyphae, presence of cystidia and hyphidia, suburniform to subcylindrical, pedunculate basidia, and subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with slightly thickened walls not staining in Melzer's reagent or Cotton Blue. Published molecular data support the recognition of a distinct genus for Hyphoderma capitatum.

The type specimen of the corticioid fungus Peniophora inflata was re-examined. The term “subicystidium” (plural: subicystidia) is introduced to define basally clamped and encrusted cystidia of subicular or rhizomorphic origin. Peniophora inflata is characterized by the presence of subicystidia and hymenial lamprocystidia, a smooth, resupinate basidioma, a monomitic hyphal system, small, clavate basidia, minute ellipsoidal basidiospores negative in Melzer’s reagent and Cotton Blue, thickening hymenium and the development of rhizomorphs. The morphological similarities of Peniophora inflata with some corticioid species are discussed. Recently the generic name Sceptrulum was erected for this species. Because the introduction of the latter name lacked any discussion and clarity, the aim of this study is to provide a detailed examination of P. inflata.