Search

Phylloporia moricola is described as a new species based on collections from Sichuan Province, China. All studied basidiocarps grow on trunks of Morus sp. This new species is supported by morphological features and phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences inferred from a dataset of nuc 28S rDNA. P. moricola is characterized by having effused-reflexed to pileate basidiocarps, pores 7–9 per mm, duplex context with a black line when young, dimitic hyphal system, and brownish, slightly thick-walled basidiospores generally measuring 3.4–4 × 2.7–3.2 μm. Phylloporia moricola is phylogenetically most closely related to Phylloporia mori, that also occurs on Morus sp., but that species differs from P. moricola in having hymenial setae and larger basidiospores (4–4.8 × 3.1–3.8 μm).

A new species of Fomitiporia, F. tasmanica, is described from Tasmania (Australia) based on morphological examination and phylogenetic analysis of the nuc rDNA region encompassing the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2, along with the 5.8S rDNA and nuc 28S rDNA D1-D2 domains. The new species is characterized by perennial, resupinate basidiocarps, very small pores (10–12 per mm), a dimitic hyphal system, presence of hymenial setae and cystidioles, and subglobose basidiospores measuring 5.5–6.6 × 5–6 µm.

A new poroid wood-inhabiting fungus in the family Steccherinaceae, Steccherinum fragile sp. nov., is described and illustrated from China based on morphological and molecular evidence. The species was collected in Yunnan Province, growing on the ground and undersides of rotten angiosperm wood. S. fragile is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiocarps with salmon to peach pores when fresh becoming cinnamon buff to pinkish buff upon drying, a thin margin with distinct rhizomorphs, a monomitic hyphal system, generative hyphae thin- to distinctly thick-walled with simple septa, neither amyloid nor cyanophilous. The phylogenetic analysis based on ITS + nLSU rDNA sequences shows that the new species belongs to Steccherinum, forming a monophyletic lineage with strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP). In addition, a new combination, S. subcollabens, is also proposed based on examination of its type material and phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetically, Steccherinum fragile is closely related to S. amapaense and groups with S. subcollabens, S. formosanum and S. collabens. Both morphological and molecular characters confirm the placement of the new species and combination in Steccherinum.

Trichaptum comprises around 36 polypore species, with variable morphology and worldwide distribution. During polypore surveys in Santa Catarina Island (Southern Brazil), specimens of a remarkable species, with large, mostly resupinate basidiomata, large (6–11µm long) spores and two kinds of cystidia, were collected in mangrove forests and their vicinities. Morphological and phylogenetic analysis (rDNA ITS) revealed it as new, and is described herein as T. fissile sp. nov. Moreover, the species is proposed as Vulnerable according to the IUCN criteria. The taxonomic placement and delimitation of Trichaptum are also discussed.

Lignosus rhinocerus is one of the most valuable medicinal fungi used throughout South East Asia, and South China. The polypore is characterized by a stipitate basidiomata with orbicular pileus, and an underground sclerotium, a trimitic hyphal system bearing generative hyphae with clamp connections, and globose to subglobose basidiospores. Basidiomata, including the sclerotia of L. rhinocerus are used to treat various ailments. L. rhinocerus is rarely encountered in the wild and has a very restricted geographic distribution. Because of its rarity and importance, domestication and commercial cultivation of the fungus has been attempted. During study of the polyporoid fungi in forests of Kerala State, India, some interesting specimens were collected. Detailed taxonomic study of the collected specimens identified them as L. rhinocerus, with a distribution record new to India. Taxonomic account of the species is presented.

Fuscoporia caymanensis sp. nov. is described from tropical America. It is characterized by perennial, extensive, resupinate to indistinctly effused-reflexed basidiomata; a very thin to almost absent subiculum; multi-layered tubes with a black line between each layer; a dimitic hyphal system with skeletal hyphae occasionally septate; absence of mycelial setae and cystidioles; abundant hymenial setae, 40–55 × 5–7 μm; urniform basidia, and cylindrical basidiospores 4.5–5 × 2–2.4 µm. It was found growing on fallen rotten angiosperm trunks in tropical America. Phylogenetically, it is related to Fuscoporia viticola and F. palomari, but the latter two species have longer basidiospores (7–9 × 1.5–2 µm in F. viticola and 8–10 × 2.7–3.5 μm in F. palomari), and occur in temperate regions.

A new poroid wood-inhabiting fungus in the Polyporales, Luteoporia citriniporia sp. nov., is described from Sri Lanka based on morphological and molecular evidence. L. citriniporia is characterized by an annual growth habit; resupinate basidiocarps with lemon yellow pores when fresh becoming buff to clay pink upon drying, a distinct snow white and fimbriate sterile margin, tissues becoming pink in KOH, a monomitic hyphal system, generative hyphae thin- to distinctly thick-walled, usually encrusted with fine yellow crystals, and oblong-ellipsoid to subcylindrical basidiospores measuring 3.4–4.2 × 1.8–2.1 µm. The phylogenetic analysis based on ITS + nLSU rDNA sequences shows that the new species belongs to Luteoporia, forming a monophyletic lineage with strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and is closely related to L. albomarginata; the lineage groups with Crustodontia chrysocreas, Phlebiporia bubalina and Mycoacia uda. Both morphological and molecular characters confirm the placement of the new species in Luteoporia.

A new polypore, Antrodia yunnanensis, collected from southwestern China, is described and illustrated based on morphological characteristics and molecular evidence. It is characterized by annual, resupinate basidiocarps with greyish blue to dark greyish blue pore surface upon drying, round to angular pores measuring 2–3 per mm, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, subicular hyphae bearing fine crystals, and cylindrical, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores measuring 7–9.9 × 2.5–3.1 µm. Molecular phylogeny inferred from ITS and nLSU sequence data showed that samples of A. yunnanensis formed a distinctive lineage in Antrodia sensu lato, and it nested a sister group with A. tropica.

A new species of Hymenochaetaceae, Fuscoporia ambigua sp. nov., is described based on specimens from the USA and China. The phylogeny, based on the ITS+nLSU+RPB2+TEF1 dataset, revealed that it nested within the Fuscoporia clade, and all the American and Chinese specimens of the new species clustered in a lineage with good support. The new species is characterized by its annual, resupinate basidiocarps with pores measuring 5–6 per mm, aseptate skeletal hyphae, presence of mycelial setae and cystidioles, long hymenial setae (45–75 μm) which are occasionally septate, presence of cystidioles, and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.2–5.2 × 2.8–3.3 μm. Fuscoporia ambigua is very similar and closely related to F. ferruginosa, but the latter species has a perennial growth habit, and short and aseptate hymenial setae (30–44 μm).

A new resupinate polypore, Wrightoporia srilankensis sp. nov., is described from Sri Lanka. It is characterized by annual resupinate basidiocarps with buff yellow pores, margin and subiculum with rhizomorphs, a dimitic hyphal structure with yellowish crystals on both generative and skeletal hyphae, generative hyphae bearing clamp connections, dextrinoid and cyanophilous skeletal hyphae, the absence of gloeoplerous hyphae and gloeocystidia, and broadly ellipsoid, hyaline, thick-walled, finely asperulate, strongly amyloid, cyanophilous basidiospores measuring 3.8–4.2 × 2.8–3.2 µm. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and nLSU rDNA sequences confirmed that W. srilankensis nested in the Wrightoporia clade. W. srilankensis is closely related to Wrightoporia avellanea which, however, lacks cystidioles, and its hyphae are smooth (without crystals).

Two new wood-inhabiting fungi, Sidera salmonea sp. Nov. and S. tibetica sp. Nov. in the order Hymenochaetales from southwest China, are described and illustrated based on molecular and morphological evidence. They were found on gymnosperm wood that is rotten and charred. The characteristics of S. salmonea include annual, resupinate basidioma, salmon pores with distinctly white margins, angular pores (7–9 per mm), a dimitic hyphal system, and lunate basidiospores that are 3–3.5 × 0.9–1.1 μm. The characteristics of S. tibetica include annual, resupinate basidioma with a white to cream fresh pore surface that becomes cream to honey-yellow and shiny when dry, round pores (7–8 per mm), a dimitic hyphal system, and lunate basidiospores that measure 2.9–3.1 × 1–1.1 μm. A phylogenetic analysis based on the combined 2-locus dataset (5.8S + nuclear large subunit RNA (nLSU)) shows that the two species are members of the genus Sidera, and they are morphologically compared with related species, respectively. This paper provides a key to the identification of 16 accepted species of Sidera that are found throughout the world.

Perenniporia is an important genus of Polyporaceae. In its common acceptation, however, the genus is polyphyletic. In this study, phylogenetic analyses on a set of Perenniporia species and related genera were carried out using DNA sequences of multiple loci, including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene (mtSSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1) and the b-tubulin gene (TBB1). Based on morphology and phylogeny, 15 new genera, viz., Aurantioporia, Citrinoporia, Cystidioporia, Dendroporia, Luteoperenniporia, Macroporia, Macrosporia, Minoporus, Neoporia, Niveoporia, Rhizoperenniporia, Tropicoporia, Truncatoporia, Vanderbyliella, and Xanthoperenniporia, are proposed; 2 new species, Luteoperenniporia australiensis and Niveoporia subrusseimarginata, are described; and 37 new combinations are proposed. Illustrated descriptions of the new species are provided. Identification keys to Perenniporia and its related genera and keys to the species of these genera are provided.

The genus Sidera is a polypore genus with resupinate, white to cream or buff fresh basidioma, poroid or hydnoid hymenophore, a monomitic or dimitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing clamp connections, the presence of rosette-like crystals and allantoid to lunate basidiospores. We study the phylogeny and diversity of Sidera herein by using both morphological and molecular methods. Phylogenetic analyses are based on the ITS dataset, the combined 2-locus dataset (5.8S + nLSU) and 7-locus dataset (ITS + nLSU + RPB1 + RPB2 + TEF1 + mtSSU + nSSU) of 15 taxa of Sidera all over the world. Among them, four species are new to science and described and illustrated in this paper, viz. S. inflata, S. malaysiana, S. punctata and S. roseo-bubalina. In addition, three taxa were treated as Sidera vulgaris sensu lato. An identification key of the 14 accepted species of Sidera worldwide is provided.

The conspicuous, mostly willow-inhabiting polypore Trametes suaveolens is a threatened species in Northern Europe. In Estonia it is listed as Critically Endangered, and has not been found since 1984. We report an apparently viable population discovered in Central Tallinn, inhabiting old Salix fragilis and S. alba trees and stumps along ca. 1.5 km of the Baltic seashore. The host trees are prone to removal due to city development and park care reasons. We discuss potential conservation measures for sustaining this unique population in the urban conditions. Pajutagel (Trametes suaveolens) Eestis taasleitud Peamiselt remmelgatel silmatorkavaid viljakehi moodustav pajutagel (Trametes suaveolens) on Põhja-Euroopas ohustatud liik. Eestis on selle liigi seisund hinnatud kriitiliseks ja viimane dokumenteeritud leid pärineb 1984. aastast. Siinses artiklis kirjeldatakse Tallinnast avastatud populatsiooni, mis asustab u. 1,5 km mereäärsel lõigul rabeda remmelga (Salix fragilis) ja hõberemmelga (S. alba) vanu elus puid ja kände. See asurkond oli 2018. aastal küll elujõuline, kuid tema elupaika ohustavad linna arendustegevus ja pargihooldus. Artiklis esitatakse soovitusi nii pajutagla säilitamiseks Tallinnas kui ka üldiselt puitulagundavate ohustatud seeneliikide kaitseks linnatingimustes.

Our study included a total of 36 Fomes fomentarius specimens obtained from Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece and the Czech Republic. After multiple sequence alignment analysis we observed that samples collected in Southern Europe belong to the lineage B with the exception of one specimen from northern Greece., This work was supported by the Faculty of Science of the University of Ostrava (Czech Republic) under Grants SGS No. 16/PřF/2016 and 10/PřF/2019; Grant Agencies of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic under Grants VEGA No. 1/0286/17 and KEGA No. 025UMB-4/2017; by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2019 unit and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 – Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. We also acknowledge the anonymous reviewers for their detailed and helpful comments on the manuscript and Max Falkenberg for English revision., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

A new monotypic polypore genus, Caudicicola Miettinen, Kotir. & Kulju, is described for the new species C. gracilis Kotir., Kulju & Miettinen. The species was collected in central Finland from Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris stumps, where it grew on undersides of stumps and roots. Caudicicola gracilis is characterized by very fragile basidiocarps, monomitic hyphal structure with clamps, short and wide tramal cells, smooth ellipsoid spores, basidia with long sterigmata and conidiogenous areas in the margins of the basidiocarp producing verrucose, slightly thick-walled conidia. The genus belongs to the residual polyporoid clade of the Polyporales in the vicinity of Steccherinaceae, but has no known close relatives.

Most wood-boring insects compete with wood decaying basidiomycetes for woody biomass. One clade of ambrosia beetles gained access to rotten wood – an abundant resource unsuitable to most wood-boring insects – by evolving a farming-like mutualism with a white rot polypore. Here we show the mutualist of Ambrosiodmus/Ambrosiophilus, the polypore Flavodon ambrosius, is superior in lignocellulolytic capacity compared to Ascomycota ambrosia fungi and other white rot Basidiomycota. This mutualism facilitated the evolution of large, long-lived, communal colonies with overlapping generations and egg-laying by pre-dispersal progeny females. F. ambrosius resembles other white rot Polyporales in that it causes significant weight loss in wood decay assays and strong polyphenol oxidase reactions, indicative of lignin-modifying enzymes. The symbiosis is asymmetrical: there are many species of Ambrosiodmus and Ambrosiophilus but all use a single known species of Flavodon, which determines the ecological strategy of the entire insect clade.

Zagros is a mountainous region in western Asia, extending roughly along the western borders of Iran. In the past few years oak decline in the Zagros region has become a serious national concern in Iran, with multiple factors seemingly acting as causal agents. During field surveys recently made in central Zagros, signs of canker trunk rot on oaks and considerable damage were observed, caused by a resupinate polypore identified as Inonotus krawtzewii, previously known from the Russian Far East, China and central Europe. The identity of the fungus was confirmed by analyses of morphological characters and sequences of the nuclear ribosomal ITS region. A description of the species and illustrations are provided, and the symptoms are discussed. A key is given to the known resupinate species of Inonotus developing under bark. This is the first report of I. krawtzewii from western Asia and on Persian oak, and the first report of its invasiveness, at least partly contributing to the Zagros oak decline.

Amazonia is covered by the largest, best-preserved tropical forest in the world, almost 50% of which is in Brazil. The Amazonian region has the highest biodiversity of the planet, distributed, at least for the fauna and flora communities, in eight distinct centres of endemism. However, there is little information about the fungal distribution in the region. In this study, the abundance, species richness and composition of species of poroid fungi were investigated in three Amazonian centres of endemism in order to test the hypothesis whether these centres also have distinct fungal communities. One hundred and twenty four unit samples in three centres of endemism were visited from 2006 to 2011, resulting in 2303 collections representing 153 species of poroid fungi. The fungal communities did not form distinct groups in relation to the centres of endemism when the Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) was used and the hypothesis was rejected.

Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on the brown-rot fungi, Fomitopsis and its related genera, are carried out. On the basis of morphological characters and phylogenetic evidence of DNA sequences of multiple loci including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nSSU), the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences (mtSSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (tef1) and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2), six new genera, Fragifomes, Niveoporofomes, Piptoporellus, Rhodofomitopsis, Rubellofomes and Ungulidaedalea are established. Four new species, Buglossoporus eucalypticola, Daedalea allantoidea, Piptoporellus hainanensis and P. triqueter are descibed from China. Illustrated descriptions of the novel species are provided. Identification keys to Fomitopsis and its related genera, as well as keys to the species of each genus are provided.

Hapalopilus croceus is a rare, wood-decay polypore associated with old coarse broadleaf trees, primarily Quercus. It is mainly distributed throughout the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere with its main distribution in Europe. Mating systems in fungi influence the probability of in- or outbreeding and may affect the species’ fitness. We found the mating system of H. croceus to be bipolar by pairing 18 single spore isolates from one sporocarp. We discuss this finding from the perspective of H. croceus as a threatened species with a very small and fragmented current population associated with a declining habitat and globally red-listed as Vulnerable (VU).

The recently described polypore Cartilosoma rene-hentic is recorded, described and illustrated from several localities in the Czech Republic for the first time. Its identity was confirmed both based on morphology and by sequencing ITS regions. The species variability and ecology is discussed and a map of its distribution in the Czech Republic is provided.

DNA-based phylogenetic analyses have revealed more species in the fungal genus Skeletocutis than has traditionally been acknowledged. Here we describe two resupinate species as new: S. delicata Niemela & Miettinen and S. exilis Miettinen & Niemela. They are very similar to S. brevispora, S. papyracea and S. kuehneri, but differ from them mostly by their spore size and pore characteristics. The relationships of these species are discussed, and the importance of exact spore measurements is emphasized. Skeletocutis friata Niemela & Saaren. is reduced to synonymy under Tyromyces chioneus, and misidentifications of some published records are corrected.

Morphological revision of Fulvifomes robiniae, as well as phylogenetic inferences based on nITS and nLSU markers, indicated that the species has a narrower concept in its morphology and distribution. Other morphologically related taxa arise from this taxonomic approach. Fulvifomes cedrelae is not accepted as a synonym of F. robiniae, and Fulvifomes squamosus sp. nov. is described as new based on Peruvian specimens. Based on morphology, phylogenetic relationships and host distributions, the taxonomic implication for the genus and other related taxa are discussed. Fil: Salvador Montoya, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Brasil Fil: Popoff, Orlando Fabian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; Argentina Fil: Reck, Mateus Arduvino. Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia; Brasil Fil: Drechsler Dos Santos, Elisandro Ricardo. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Brasil

In ecological and biodiversity research, fungal species are traditionally recorded using fruit body sampling, which underestimates mycelial presence of species. We hypothesized that fruit body based species lists are increasingly complete in larger sampling units where fruit bodies can be detected across multiple mycelial occurrences. We compared molecular records (detected with Illumina high-throughput sequencing) and records of fruit bodies of polypores in Estonian wetland pine forests. Of all molecularly detected polypores, 75% were present as conspecific fruit bodies within 30 m (including 24% on the same tree). This distance varied little among study sites. Despite lower costs, fruit body surveys yielded 60 polypore species, while sequencing only detected 13 species. Fruit body surveys of selected macrofungi can be thus efficient for biodiversity assessments. However, combining such surveys with high-throughput sequencing can add a broad description of the whole fungal assemblage even with limited samples (616 OTUs from 30 downed trunks in our study).

In Transylvania, part of Romania, fungi are traditionally used in the human medicine, handicraft, and several customs for a long time past. This study aimed at systematic collecting of ethnomycological and ethnomedicinal data of Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr. and Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.) P. Karst. in Corund in south-eastern Transylvania. In addition, we aimed to compare our data with earlier ethnomycological and pharmacological records of the region and other countries. The fieldwork was carried out in Corund in 2012–2013. The visited “toplasz” people who work with tinders were asked with semi-structured interviews to list the harvesting method and time, storage and preparations, as well as the ethnomycological and ethnomedicinal use of the fruit body of tinder fungus and birch polypore. Literature data were collected from the major scientific databases. The ethnomycological use of tinder fungus and birch polypore starts with the traditional steps of collection, storage, and trimming and involves the use for ethnomedicinal purposes and preparation of unique handmade products. These preparations are still available on national and international markets nowadays. The ethnobotanical use of these fungi resulted in a special local occupation in Corund, which is a unique activity in the world. Unfortunately, it seems to be a disappearing tradition nowadays because of the lack of transmission. Therefore, these living data should be urgently documented and preserved for the maintenance of this valuable local tradition and knowledge of Szekelys.

Phellinus piptadeniae (Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales) is traditionally characterized by having applanate to ungulate basidiome with the pilear surface concentrically sulcate, radially cracked in old specimens, and a notorious sinuous black line in the cross section of the context. The species has been recorded in different Brazilian biomes, often associated with legume hosts and seasonally dry vegetation. It occurs highly specifically associated with Piptadenia gonoacantha in semideciduous forest of the Atlantic Forest domain at the type locality in São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil. In the Caatinga dry woodlands, northeastern Brazil, Phellinus piptadeniae occurs as host-recurrent of different Piptadenia species. During a recent polypore survey in different remnants of southeastern Atlantic Forest, specimens with the same morphology of the type were collected and the same host (P. gonoacantha) was confirmed. Morphologically similar specimens newly collected in seasonally dry tropical forests of northwestern Peru were also recorded on legume hosts (Libidibia glabrata and Pithecellobium excelsum). In this paper we discuss the morphological variation, host range, and distribution of Phellinus piptadeniae in the context of the historical biogeography of the neotropical Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest (SDTF) biome. Some putative taxonomic implications that should be further investigated in a molecular phylogenetic framework are also addressed. Fil: Salvador Montoya, Carlos Alberto. Universidade Federal Da Santa Catarina; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Robledo, Gerardo Lucio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Cardoso, Domingos. Universidade Federal Da Bahia; Brasil Fil: Borba Silva, Marco A.. Universidade Federal Da Santa Catarina; Brasil Fil: Fernandes, Mariana. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil Fil: Drechsler Santos, Elisandro. Universidade Federal Da Santa Catarina; Brasil

The author examined the microstructure of the fruitbody and culture of polypore Amylocystis lapponica (Romell) Bond. & Sing., common in the Białowieża virgin forest on lying logs of Picea excelsa with symptoms of advanced brown rot produced by Fomitopsis rosea (Alb. & Schw. ex Fr.) P. Karst. In the fruitbody a monomitic hyphal system was revealed consisting for the most part of thick-walled nodose-septate hyphae 4-10,5 μm thick. Moreover, by examination of four cultures obtained from basidiospores, it was found (1) that the diploid mycelium gives nearly always a negative reaction, whereas the haploid mycelia give positive reactions in tests for extracellular oxidase, and (2) that the fungus is tetrapolar.

Cartilosoma rene-hentic (Basidiomycota, Polyporales), a new species in the Antrodia ramentacea-group. Cartilosoma rene-hentic a new Antrodia s. l. species, is described from France. It is characterized by a monomitic hyphal system localizated in the trama and by the presence of scarce skeletal hyphae in the context. This peculiar structure situates it close by Antrodia ramentacea (Berk. et Broome) Donk 1966., Cartilosoma rene-hentic, une nouvelle espèce d’Antrodia s. l., est décrit de France. Il se caractérise par un système hyphique monomitique localisé dans la trame et par la présence de rares hyphes squelettiques dans la chair. Cette structure particulière le situe à proximité d’Antrodia ramentacea (Berk. et Broome) Donk 1966., Rivoire Bernard,Trichies Gérard,Vlasák Josef. Cartilosoma rene-hentic (Basidiomycota, Polyporales), une espèce nouvelle dans le groupe d’Antrodia ramentacea. In: Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon, 84ᵉ année, n°1-2,2015. pp. 5-18.

We present new records of noteworthy aphyllophoroid fungi, mainly polypores and corticioids in Finland. The following 19 rare or infrequently collected species are presented with notes on their substrates: Amylocorticium subsulphureum, Antrodiella parasitica, Ceraceomyces sulphurinus, Clavaria atroumbrina, Clavaria rosea, Gloeophyllum carbonarium, Hyphodontia flavipora, Junghuhnia fimbriatella, Lindtneria chordulata, Odonticium septocystidia, Peniophorella guttulifera, Perenniporia tenuis, Postia immitis, Repetobasidium vile, Resinicium pinicola, Sidera vulgaris, Tomentella coerulea, Trechispora laevis and Xylodon pruni. We also list 41 aphyllophoroid fungi as new to some sections of the boreal vegetation zone in Finland.

A new polypore species, Fuscoporia insolita Spirin, Vlasak & Niemela (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota), is described from Khabarovsk Reg., Russian Far East. It is characterized by resupinate or nodulose, tough, dimitic basidiocarps, scarce and short hymenial setae, narrow, cylindrical to fusiform basidiospores, and a unique ITS sequence. DNA data confirm that the species belongs in Fuscoporia. It seems to be a pathogenic species, growing on living angiosperm trees.

In South Korea, three species of Heterobasidion, H. annosum, H. araucariae and H. insulare have been recorded. However, these species have not been found in the neighboring countries such as China and Japan. For resolving this matter, a total of 11 materials of Heterobasidion spp. from South Korea were gathered and morphologically examined. Species descriptions from the previous studies were referred if the materials were not available. Phylogenetic analyses using ITS and TEF gene sequences were also performed to infer the species relationships of the Korean Heterobasidion spp with their allied species. Through the morphological investigations and phylogenetic analyses we found that specimens recorded as H. annosum and H. araucariae are actually H. ecrustosum, and the ones recorded as H. insulare are actually H. orientale. The two recognized species are described and illustrated.

The new Polish rccord of Sistotrema confluens Pers.: Fr. provides the back-ground to outlining the morphology (with line drawings of microscopie characters), taxonomy and site conditions of this largely neglected polypore in Poland. The new record of the fungus is an 13. in the country but the first one documented by voucher specimens.

The paper deals with representative of the genus Spongipellis Pat. in Poland. Spongipellis pachyodon (Pers.) Kotl. et Pouzar is reported for the first time from Poland and Belarus. Its basidiomes are described and illustrated, and taxonomy, ecology and distribution are reviewed. Two other species, S. delectans (Peck) Murrill and S. spumeus (Sowerby: Fr.) Pat. are briefly discussed. Distribution maps in Poland for each species are provided, an identification key to the species of Spongipellis in Poland is given, and basidiospore dimensions of each species are included based on studied materials.

The authors present the first collection of the rare old-growth forest polypore Aurantiporus alborubescens in the Carpathians, supported by a description of macro- and microscopic features. Its European distribution and ecological demands are discussed. LSU rDNA sequences of the collected material were also analysed and compared with those of A. fissilis and A. croceus as well as some other polyporoid and corticioid species, in order to resolve the phylogenetic placement of the studied species. Based on the results of the molecular analysis, the homogeneity of the genus Aurantiporus Murrill in the sense of Jahn is questioned.

Putatively old-forest dependent fungi have acquired a distinct position in biodiversity conservation, acting both as management targets and indicators for other nature values in the forest. Establishing old-forest dependency, however, requires rigorous sampling, taxonomy and identification approaches as exemplified here by a case study on Antrodia crassa. This rarely recorded polypore is considered indicative of old conifer forests in Northern Europe. We demonstrate that the material labelled as A. crassa includes not only frequent misidentifications, but it represents two genetically and ecologically distinct cryptic lineages with partly overlapping distributions. A balanced survey of different successional stages in Estonia indicated that one of those lineages prefers deadwood-rich disturbed habitats, notably clear-cuts, which have been previously undersampled. Because similar problems with cryptic lineages and biased surveys are common in mycological research, lists of ‘old-forest fungi’ should be considered as high-priority working hypotheses for taxonomic and ecological research, rather than well-established management tools.

Amylocystis lapponica (Romell) Singer is a widely distributed wood-decaying polypore fungus found throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Despite its huge distribution range it occurs rather patchily and seems narrowly associated with old-growth forest stands. Notably, it has been used as an ‘indicator species’, believed to reflect the long-term presence of dead wood, naturalness of forest stands, and indirectly, species richness and possibly composition. In this study we focused on the last issue – whether or not there is a link between the occurrence of A. lapponica and the species richness and composition of other wood-decaying fungi. Selecting log characteristics and microclimate as similar as possible, we compared 12 logs with and 12 logs without visible fruit bodies of A. lapponica to examine: 1) if visible fruit bodies corresponded with molecular identification of the mycelia, 2) if fungal species richness and composition of the substrate were related to A. lapponica occurrence, and 3) if A. lapponica was restricted to certain parts of the log. Fungal species were recorded by inspecting visible fruit bodies and by culture isolation and ITS sequencing from wood disc samples. Laboratory and field identification of A. lapponica had 71% correspondence, and mycelia were identified in two logs without visible fruit bodies. Twice as many fungal species were detected using ITS sequencing compared to fruit body identification. Total species richness was similar between the two log categories, but number of species per log was slightly higher in A. lapponica logs. Antrodia serialis (Fr.) Donk, and possibly also Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.:Fr.) P. Karst. and Phellinus nigrolimitatus (Romell) Bourdot & Galzin, occurred more frequently in A. lapponica logs. Mycelia of A. lapponica were restricted to less decayed parts of the wood in the centre of the middle part of the logs.

The genus Ganoderma consists of cosmopolitan polypore mushrooms, many of which can cause different types of rots in plants. Many species of this genus are being used for their medicinal and nutraceutical properties in many countries. The present study provides a comparative evaluation of taxonomy, physicochemical parameters, and chemical constituents of Ganoderma lucidum and G. philippii collected from different localities of Uttarakhand, India. The macroscopic and microscopic characters on the basis of which G. lucidum differs from G. philippii include habit, external basidiocarp characteristics, context, pore tube layers and pores, cutis type, and shape and size of basidiospores. The fruiting bodies of both the species were air-dried and ground to powder, which was analyzed for physicochemical parameters and subjected to qualitative chemical screening. The crude powder was subjected to successive Soxhlet extraction for the preparation of various extracts using different solvents. Physicochemical analysis showed variation with respect to foreign matter, moisture content, ash content, extractive values, absorption properties, emulsion properties, foaming properties, dispersibility, and bulk density. Qualitative chemical screening of various extracts showed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins in both species.

A new Syzygospora species from Finland, S. lapponica is described and illustrated. The hitherto collections derive from Finnish Lapland and the species is apparently a mycoparasite of the rare old-growth forest dwelling polypore Antrodia infirma. The new species deviates from other species in the genus in having cylindrical, slightly bent spores and having a polypore as the host.