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Assessment of genetic variability is crucial in developing new genotypes with desired yield and quality traits. This evaluation allows breeders to identify superior germplasm, breeding genotypes with specific combinations, and enhance crop performance across diverse environmental conditions. Hence, this study aimed to study the performance of ten eggplant genotypes (Solanum melongena L.); i.e., Little Fingers (LF), Ping Tung (PT), Antigua (An), Aswad (As), Japanese White Egg (JWE), Apple Green (AG), Rotonda Bianca Stumata di Rosa (BSR), Korean Red (KR), Black Oblong (BO) and Black Very Long (BL). In addition, to explore genetic advance and correlation among studied traits under three intra-row plant spacings, (30, 45 and 60 cm). The study was performed at Zagazig District, Egypt during the two successive summer seasons of 2017 and 2018. The results indicated significant variation among the tested genotypes.The broad sense heritability (hb 2) exhibited the highest percentage at narrow planting spaces and decreased with increased spaces in all studied traits. Broad sense heritabilities were moderate magnitude for number of branches (39% and 30.9%) at 45 and 60 cm spaces, respectively. Genetic advance (GA %) was high for all studied traits except number of branches. High heritability estimates and a high predicted genetic advance indicated that these qualities and genotypes could be effective in developing breeding programs to increase fruit quality and yield. Strong genetic correlations between morphological and yield-related variables were found via correlation studies. The path analysis results showed that the fruit weight had the largest direct effect on yield/ plant (2.984 and 3.11) followed by number of fruits (0.579 and 1.525), and branches number/ plant (0.161 and 0.304) at 30 and 45 cm planting spaces, respectively. While the branches number/ plant exhibited the largest direct effect on yield/ plant (5.341) followed by fruit length (3.328), and fruit diameter (0.625) at 60 cm planting space, indicating the effectiveness of direct selection for these traits for developing high yielding genotypes of eggplant under different planting spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A filed experiment was carried out at a private farm located at Qaha District, Qalubayia governorate, Egypt, during the two successive summer seasons of 2018 and 2019 to evaluate growth and productivity of seven new dry bean genotypes (DB-2-435, DB-5-485, DB-5-486, DB-5-487, DB-5-489, DB-7-4 and DB-7-31) in additional to three commercial cultivars (Giza 3, Giza 6 and Nebraska) under different plant densities, i.e., 5 cm one row, 10 cm one row, 5 cm 2 rows and 10 cm 2 rows/ridge. These treatments were arranged in a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plant densities were randomly distributed in the main plot and genotypes were randomly arranged in the sub plot. As average two seasons, sowing seeds of genotypes DB-5-485, DB-5-487, DB-5-489 at 10 cm on one side increased number of branches/plant, leaf area/plant, dry weight/plant and total chlorophyll in leaf tissues, followed by the interaction between sowing at 10 cm on one side and Nebraska cultivar regarding total chlorophyll in both seasons. In general, the interaction between sowing at 10 cm on one side and Nebraska cultivar or genotype DB-5-485 increased number of seeds/pod, yield/plant in both seasons. Respecting total yield, the interaction between sowing at 5 or 10 cm on two sides and Nebraska cultivar or the genotype DB5-485 gave the highest values of total yield /fed., however, the interaction between sowing at 5 cm on one row and DB-5-486 genotype gave the lowest total yield/fed. (0.781 ton/fed.) as average of two seasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Introducing new crops to reduce the nutritional gap in Egypt is an important target. One of these crops is Quinoa which is characterized by high nutritional value with multiple food uses. However, it will compete with other winter crops, so it is candidate to grow in marginal lands like calcareous soils. Meanwhile, planting density and N requirements are not known under such conditions; therefore, this work was undertaken in calcareous soil Caco3 > 50%. Methods: The experiments included three nitrogen fertilization treatments (0, 50 and 100 kg/fed.) and two plant densities (20,000 plants/fed. and 36,000 plants/fed.) on Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cv. Shibaya Field over two consecutive winter seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 in calcareous soil. Quinoa seed yield, biological yield, straw yield, weight of 1000-seed, harvest index, total nitrogen percentage in seeds, crude protein content in seeds, phosphorus content in seeds and potassium percentage in seeds were determined. The experimental design was a split plot design with three replications. Results: The results showed that applying nitrogen fertilization at a rate of 100 kg/fed. had significantly greater seed yield, biological yield, seed yield, straw yield and weight of 1000-seed. All seed chemical contents except K percentage were significantly affected due to nitrogen fertilization. Increasing plant density from 20,000 to 36,000 plants per feddan significantly increased the biological yield, seed yield, straw yield, weight of 1000-seed and harvest index. The interaction between the two studied factors was significant on all characters of this investigation except, K percentage in seeds. Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that the quinoa crop responds to the increase in nitrogen fertilization and increases productivity and quality when fertilized with a rate of 100 kg nitrogen per fed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work was carried out at Vegetable Private Farm at Bani Amer Village, Zagazig Distract, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt during the two successive summer seasons of 2017 and 2018, to study the performance of ten eggplant genotypes; i.e., Little Fingers (L.F.), Ping Tung (P.T.), Antigua (An.), Aswad (As.), Japanese White Egg (J.W.E.), Apple Green (A.G.), Rotonda Bianca Stumata di Rosa ( R.B.S.), Korean Red (K.R.), Black Oblong (B.O.) and Black very Long (B.V.L.); under three intra- row plant spacings, (30, 45 and 60 cm). The ten cultivars were evaluate in clay soil and surface irrigation. The ten cultivars were evaluated transplanting R.B.S. and B.V.L. cvs. at 45 cm gave the tallest plants. Transplanting A.G. and K.R. cvs. at 60 cm increased number of branches and number of leaves/ plant without significant differences between each other the case of number of branches/ plant in both seasons. Transplanting K.R. and B.O. cvs. at 60 cm increased leaf area and dry weight of leaves, respectively. However, transplanting R.B.S. cv. at 60 cm increased both chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll (a+b) in leaf tissues, While the interaction between transplanting K.R. cv. on spacing at 30 cm gave the lowest concentration of chlorophyll a, b, total (a+b) and carotenoids in leaf tissues of eggplant in 2018 season. With respect yield and its components, planting P.T. cv. at 60 cm and B.O. cv. at 45 increased number of fruits/plant, yield/plant, respectively. While planting As. cv. at 30 cm increased average fruit weight and total yield /fad. In the 2nd season, planting K.R. cv. at 60 cm, B.O. cv. at 45 cm, B.O. cv. at 60 cm and B.O. cv. at 30 cm increased number of fruits/ plant, average fruit weight, yield/ plant and total yield/ fad., respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-year field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt, during the two successive summer seasons of 2018 and 2019. The main aim was to evaluate the relative efficiency of two groups of experimental designs in quantifying the variations in maize grain yield as influenced by sowing date (SD), plant density (PD) and phosphorous (P) fertilization, and their interactions. The single hybrid Giza 168 maize (Zea mays, L.) cultivar was used during both seasons. The experimental designs under evaluation included replicated (RCBD, SPD, SSPD and 3-DLD), in three replications, and nonreplicated (one-rep without and with center points, RCCD and PRCCD) designs. The 3-DLD design was more efficient, within the replicated group, than the RCBD (reference design) with relative efficiency of 3.68. The SPD and SSPD had higher relative efficiencies at the sub-plot and sub sub-plot levels compared to RCBD. Within the non-replicated designs, the one-rep with center points, RCCD and PRCCD were more efficient than one-rep without center points (reference design) in discriminating the more important factors affecting grain yield in maize cultivar Giza 168. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]