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Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Codonopsis pilosula., Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic techniques (NMR) and physicochemical properties., Results: The compounds were isolated as hesperidin(I), n-hexyl beta-sophoroside(II), atractylenolide III (III), lobetyolin(IV), lobetyolinin(V), taraxerol(VI), taraxeryl acetate(VII), alpha-spinasterol(VIII),9,10,13-trihydroxy-(E)-11-octadecenoic acid (IX),beta-sitosterol(X),beta-daucosterol(XI)and sugar(XII)., Conclusion: Compounds 1 -2 and 9 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective: To study the flavonoids constituents of Trachelospemum jasminoides., Methods: The compounds were separated and purified by column chromatography with silica gel, and identified by IR, MS, NMR and 2D-NMR., Results: Six flavonoids were identified as apigenin (I), apigenin 7-O-beta-glucoside (II), apigenin 7-O-beta-neospheroside (III), luteoloside (IV), narngin (V) 6,8-di-C-glucopyanosylapigenin (VI), respectively., Conclusion: Compounds V and VI are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective: To study the optimal extraction process of chaihushugan powder by orthogonal design., Methods: RP-HPLC method was developed for the determination of saikosaponin a, ferulic acid, hesperidin and paeoniflorin in chaihushugan powder. The contents of the components and the extraction yield were selected as assessment indices. Four factors were study by L9 (3(4)), including the alcohol concentration, amount of alcohol, duration of extraction and times of extraction., Results: The optimal extracting condition was 80% alcohol consumed as 10 times of crude herb amount, and extracting two times for 90 min each time., Conclusion: This study supplies theoretical base for the development of chaihushugan powder formulation.

Objective: To investigate chemical constituents of Portulaca oleracea., Methods: The constituents were isolated by various column chromatography methods, and their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis., Results: Five compounds were isolated from 70% ethanol extract and their structures were elucidated as oleracein A(1), oleracein B(2), oleracein E(3), hesperidin (4) and caffeic acid (5)., Conclusion: Compound 4 and 5 are isolated from Portulaca oleracea for the first time.

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method was studied for the extraction of Hesperidin from the pericarpium citri reticulate. Several factors, such as the concentration of extraction solvent, MAE time, MAE temperature, microwave power and liquid/ solid ratios were investigated, and the optimal conditions were obtained. The extraction percentage of hesperidiin was obtained by 2.40%, under 14 minutes extraction in 70% methanol water solvent at 65 degrees C , and the liquid/solid ratios of 25:1 (ml/g). Furthermore, compared with the other extraction methods, the MAE was more timesaving and effective. The result indicated that the MAE method is fast, efficient and energy saving, which is useful for active compounds extraction from orange peel.

Objective: To isolate and identify the chemical constitutents in roots of Jasminum sambac., Method: The compounds were isolated by means of chromatography and the structures were identified on the basis of physical and spectral data., Result: Dotriacontanoic acid, dotriacontanol, oleanolic acid, daucosterol and hesperidin were elucidated., Conclusion: All compounds were found in this plant for the first time.

The antioxidant activity of Artemisia montana was determined by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and inhibitory activity against free radical generation of hepatocytes (AC2F). The methanol extract of A. montana showed strong radical scavenging activity at a concentration of 10.1 microg/ml, and thus fractionated by solvent extraction. Esculetin and luteolin 7-O-rutinoside (scolymoside) were isolated as the active principles from the EtOAc and Interphase fractions, respectively. The antioxidant activity of these compounds were comparable to that of L-ascorbic acid.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of processed green tangerine peel(Citrus reticulata)., Method: Using chemical techniques and spectroscopic analysis., Result: Four compounds were isolated from the peel and identified as hesperidin, neohesperidin, nobiletin and tangeritin., Conclusion: The compounds were obtained from this peel for the first time.

Luteolin-4'-O-neohesperidoside, i.e. luteolin-4'-O-[alpha-(L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside)] has significant anti-inflammatory action. It is more potent than ibuprofen. Its antinociceptive activity is less pronounced when compared with its anti-inflammatory activity.

A novel flavonoid diglycoside, 5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavonol 3-O-rutinoside (1), and a previously known compound, kaempferol 3-O-neohesperidoside (2), were isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of Daphniphyllum calycinum leaves that showed significant activity in a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical assay. The structure of 1 was elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic methods, and compounds 1 and 2 were found to be moderately active as antioxidants in the DPPH assay.

Four chemical compounds isolated from the root of Gossampinus malabarica were identified as daucosterol, oleanolic acid, hesperidin and potassium nitrate by physico-chemical constants and spectroscopic analysis.