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One hundred and twenty samples of meat products represented by grilled kofta, grilled meat, charcoal grilled kofta, and charcoal grilled meat (30 pieces each) were randomly collected from different markets in Kalyobia Governorate, Egypt. Each sample was individually packed in a plastic bag and taken directly to the laboratory. Collected samples were analyzed for heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HAAs). This study aimed to reduce the amount of carbonization and fat pyrolysis by reducing the amount of meat droplets using antioxidants such as butylhydroxytoluene (0.02%) and carvacrol (1%). The observed findings showed that the average levels of HAAs (pg/kg) in charcoal-grilled meat samples, left untreated (n = 30), were as follows: BhIP, MelQx, 4,8-DiMelQx and Norharman were Norharman while IQ was beyond the undetected limit (UDL). Meanwhile, the treated samples with (BHT 0.0% and carvacrol 1%) showed that individuals; BhIP, MelQx, 4,8-DiMelQx, and Norharman were 3.8±0.3, 0.5±0.1, 1.2±0.1 and 1.8±0.1 with reduction percentage 41.5%, 28.6%, 36.8% and 47.1%, respectively for BHT concentration 0.02%. While for carvacrol concentration 1% individuals; BhIP, MelQx, 4,8-DiMelQx, and Norharman were 3.1±0.2, 0.4±0.2, 1.0±0.1 and 1.5±0.1 with reduction percentages 52.3%, 42.9%, 47.4%, and 55.9%, respectively. In conclusion, this study recommends the treatment of charcoal grilled meat with antioxidants, such as BHT 0.0% and carvacrol 1%, to reduce HAAS concentrations in the examined samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plastic woven bag has become a symbolic representation of Indonesian women's identity since the trend increased in 2021. The plastic woven bag represents femininity and the image of women as a result of socio-cultural construction. The activity of weaving paradoxically puts women in both a central and a marginal role. The weaving industry is characterized by an increasing number of platforms for women to generate income and improve their economic welfare. Nevertheless, women are still faced with patriarchal domination, because the demands of their domestic role limit their ability to move freely in public space. Therefore, their status as homeworkers has subordinated women to the status of marginal breadwinners in the economic system. This research aims to reveal the marginalization of women in plastic woven bag SMEs (small and medium enterprises). This research also aims to analyze the environmental risks that are faced by women, families, and society due to the use of synthetic chemicals in the production of woven plastic bags. This research used the perspective of eco-feminism, Bourdieu's (1977) concept of habitus, and Ulrich Beck's concept of a risk society (2012) as analytical tools. This research used qualitative research methods, and it was conducted at SMEs (small and medium enterprises) that produce plastic woven bags in Sambirejo Village, Madiun Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The subjects in this research were women who run SMEs. This research found that the marginalization experienced by plastic woven bag craftswomen was divided into two domains-- the public (Woven House) and the domestic (household). Women still perceive the practice of marginalization as normal because of their pessimistic attitude and the Javanese philosophy of "nerimo ingpandum" (accepting one's lot in life as a gift of God). This study also concludes that environmental risks include the absence of waste management and the emergence of respiratory diseases suffered by some craftswomen. Therefore, it is necessary to have government policies and environmentalists' input to overcome the health problems experienced by craftswomen of these plastic woven bags. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Anthropocene is characterized in geological terms by the stratigraphic inscription of human impact. Donna Haraway refigures the Anthropocene as a boundary event, the surpassing of which requires the formation of trans-genealogical kinships between biotic and abiotic actors. In the interest of such kinships, we turn our attention to plastic, a biogenic material derived from ancient zooplankton and algae, and, as we show, one with its own vibrant life history and phylogeny. Taking an approach informed by Haraway's "kin-making" and Nicolas Nova's The Bestiary of the Anthropocene , this article is a taxonomic description of Plasticus gen. nov. sacculi sp. nov. a new deep-sea "species." Based on a real observation of a plastic bag in the deep sea, we describe the distribution, life history, and phylogeny of Plasticus sacculi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the garlic processing methods is fermentation, which produces black garlic with completely different chemical, physical, sensory, culinary, and health-enhancing properties. Our study aimed to compare the influence of various processing conditions on the quality indicators of black garlic (BG). Samples of white garlic (WG) were placed in laboratory climatic chambers. BG1 samples were packed in plastic bags and vacuumed, BG2 and BG3 samples were packed in textile mesh bags. BG1 samples were fermented in 70% humidity at 50 °C for 28 days, BG2 samples in 85% humidity at 60 °C for 99 days, and BG3 samples in 80% humidity at 80 °C for 14 days. The dependence of changes in chemical composition, color, and texture of garlic on fermentation conditions was analyzed. Proximate composition analyses and antioxidant activity of WG and BG were performed using standard methods. It was established that regardless of the fermentation conditions, BG's chemical composition became richer than WG's. They significantly increased vitamin C content (1.5–5.8 fold), titratable acidity (14.7–21.0 fold), protein (1.4–3.2 fold), fiber (4.6–7.0 fold), and ash (1.2–3.9 fold) content, amount of total phenolic compounds (6.6–9.6 fold) and antioxidant activity (5.3–9.9 fold). Fermented garlic turned dark in color and soft and sticky in texture. The higher fermentation temperature (80 °C) but the shorter time (14 days) had the greatest positive effect on the quality of black garlic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Plastics Science & Technology / Suliao Ke-Ji is the property of Plastics Science & Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Arbutus andrachne, the Greek strawberry tree, is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the family Ericaceae native to the Mediterranean basin, and is a valuable phytogenetic resource. In the context of sustainable exploitation of A. andrachne, four Greek natural populations of species were selected and a detailed germination protocol, molecular analysis, and cultivation practices were reported herein for the first time. The 1 month period of cold stratification or the treatment with gibberellic acid resulted in similar patterns of seed germination over a wide temperature range for all four populations. Differences among the four populations were observed in five of six morphological traits measured in 1-year-old seedlings. The 2-year-old plants grown in plastic bags (2.26 L in volume) showed superior growth rates. Foliage, but not roots, of 2-year-old seedlings supplemented with mineral fertilizers had higher fresh masses than untreated seedlings. The four A. andrachne accessions exhibited more genetic variability within than among populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of plastic bags (PB) has increased continuously over time because of their multipurpose property. Due to its environmental effects, Türkiye has approved a new law to limit the use of plastic bags. According to the approved Turkish plastic bags law (PBL), plastic bags of 15 microns or more are prohibited from being given to the customer free of charge. The new law's effects were investigated by applying a face-to-face survey consisting of 13 questions to 1537 people in four districts close to Mersin city center. In addition to that, field surveys were managed to the common markets in the target area. From the target sample, 159 males and 128 females had not bought the PB after the law. Whereas 184 males and 178 females had bought PB for 10 times or more. The monthly income has a weak correlation with the plastic bags purchasing times. Families with 1-3 capita, 4-6 capita, and larger families who never bought plastic bags have moderate negative correlations. Families with 4-6 capita and larger families have a significant strong positive correlation at the (P<0.01). It was found that people aged 50 years and over who participated in the survey were less aware of the negative impact of bag use on the environment than younger ones. Garbage plastic bag consumption has not increased as expected. The managed field surveys proved that. The results from the surveys showed a decrease in PB consumption with a ratio between (60-80%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shredder blades and fixed blades were used as a set of blade pair to perform the shredding action. Comparable research was performed on the blade pair to understand its wear mechanism and shredding performance. The loading distribution along the two‐edge shredder blades in helix configuration was identified. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x‐ray, x‐ray diffractometer analysis, and hardness tests were used to characterise the surface, elemental composition, microstructure, and hardness of the worn blade pair. The shredder blades' wear mechanism was categorised as progressive wear which dominant by abrasive, following by adhesive and oxidation wear. The shredding efficiency of the two‐edge shredder blades in helix configuration was 69.24 %, recycling efficiency at 96.83 % and retention of 3.17 % after the shredding process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since January 1, 2020, Thailand has implemented a campaign to stop giving free single-use plastic bags in 75 major retail stores. This study aims to (1) understand the status quo and effectiveness of the plastic bag ban campaign by estimating the number of plastic bags used in Bangkok and Phuket (2) understand the consumers' behavioural on plastic bag consumption and management by integrating a knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) model (3) provide policy recommendation to strengthen the country plastic waste management roadmap. The results showed that the ban on plastic bag campaign is effective, especially in the supermarkets and convenience stores in Bangkok. The numbers of plastic bags used per visit at supermarkets and convenience stores are approximately 1.9 bags and 1.7 bags, respectively, whereas the plastic bags used at fresh markets, restaurants, and food delivery services are, on average, up to 3.7, 3.1, and 2.8 bags per visit, respectively. On average, people in Bangkok use approximately 1.2 bags/person/day, while only 0.7 bags/person/day are used in Phuket. According to the KAP model, attitude is more crucial than knowledge towards pro-environmental behaviour. Bangkok residents' trend to show more pro-environmental behaviour than Phuket residents. For policy implication, it is important to continuously communicate the environmental impact of plastics and emphasise the proper knowledge and attitudes toward plastic bags among people to encourage their cooperative behaviours in reducing the use of plastic bags and sorting waste for recycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The single-use plastic bag is the most legislated item of plastic in the world, banned in over 92 countries. The bans are largely concentrated in Africa and the Caribbean, where the plastic bags are often black and the plastic footprints small. The bans have destabilised essential economic, social, and technical arrangements of marginalised communities reliant on plastic engagements and adaptations to improvise against multiple, overlapping, incursive forms of violence. This article seeks to understand the spatial and material nature of these legislative actions and the particular item of single-use plastic they target. Acknowledging the (spatialised) material realities of the single-use plastic bag, this article argues that these bans are a legislative response to the black plastic bag as spatialised, racialised, sexualised, abject Other. Drawing from monster theory, the article reflects on the trans-corporeal body burdening of black plastic bags and the black hands, black bodies, black markets, and black, corrupt, illicit actions with whom and which they are associated. Reconceptualising the (black) single-use plastic bag as an agape, plastic monster that defines, patrols, and transgresses cultural/economic boundaries, this article calls for making explicit the vermicular activities within economic marginalisation and distinguishing them from the discursively constructed amorphous, tentacled mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Düzce University Journal of Forestry / Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi is the property of Duzce University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Developing a new strategy to realize on‐demand photoreactions with distinguishable signals is highly desirable. Herein, by simply tuning the molecular state, tuned photoreactions with different dynamic signals based on a series of tridentate cyanostilbene molecules (TCS1‐5) are realized. The results show that in the crystalline state, the ordered and densely molecular packing facilitates the successive intermolecular photocycloaddition between adjacent cyanostilbene molecules and causes accumulated stresses within the crystals, which further induces variable photo‐induced mechanical motions such as peeling, bending, twisting, and so on. In the monodispersed solution state, however, the larger distances between TCS1‐5 molecules afford a photo‐induced radical‐assisted intramolecular photocyclization process and give rise to multiple domino photochromic and photofluorochromic behaviors. Based on their distinct yet controllable thermostability and radical colors, photochromic films are fabricated from TCS1@PMMA and TCS1/TFA@PMMA for Morse code and rewritable photopatterning applications, showing excellent photochromism. By coating TCS3 on a piece of plastic bag, the macroscopic mechanical motion is achieved by amplifying the collective molecular motion from the nanoscale up to the macroscopic dimension. The molecular state‐based strategy reveals the regularity between photoreactions and molecular packing and further provides an opportunity to rapidly access controllable photoresponsive systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There have been occasional ad hoc efforts to influence consumer behaviour by the imposition of product taxes that reflect external costs imposed by such products that are not initially included in their price. In the spirit of this idea, in 2002 Ireland introduced a 15 Euro cent tax on plastic shopping bags, previously provided free of charge to customers at points of sale. The effect of the tax on the use of plastic bags in retail outlets has been dramatic—a reduction in use in the order of 90%, and an associated gain in the form of reduced littering and negative landscape effects. Costs of administration have been very low, amounting to about 3% of revenues, because it was possible to integrate reporting and collection into existing Value Added Tax reporting systems. Response from the main stakeholders: the public and the retail industry, has been overwhelmingly positive. Central to this acceptance has been a policy of extensive consultation with these stakeholders. The fact that a product tax can influence consumer behaviour significantly will be of interest to many policymakers in this area. This paper analyses the plastic bag levy success story and provides insights and general guidelines for other jurisdictions planning similar proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Diversitas Journal is the property of Diversitas Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article provides a case study of place-based sustainability education on the use of plastic bags in a wet market in Hong Kong. We organised two field trips and engaged 20 students in conducting both quantitative and qualitative research in the wet market to examine single-use plastic consumption. Our research has found that at least 1 million plastic bag is consumed on a daily basis in all the wet markets in the city of Hong Kong. Qualitatively, we found that some of the vendors may use plastic bags as a sale strategy and to engage with customers in conversations. In contrast to the conventional schooling that promote sustainability or plastic reduction in a very abstract sense, the place-based education we attempted aims to critically rethink the concept and knowledge of sustainability in ways that also empathize with the local tradition, and remain critical of modern corporate branding, and modernization discourse. The paper ends with a discussion on reflecting plastic use in traditional wet markets in contrast with chained supermarket shifting to more plastic pre-packages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply of quality fruits to consumer is a major challenge due to storage and packing issues in developing countries. The current study was designed to evaluate postharvest quality of apricot at different harvesting stages i.e., M1 (greenish), M2 (light yellow) and M3 (orange-yellow) while, storage conditions i.e., packed in plastic bags with F0 (closed), F5 (5 pores), F10 (10 pores), F15 (15 pores), F20 (20 pores) and F25 (25 pores) at 5+2oC. The fruits were then analyzed for different quality parameters at 0 and 25 days storage. The harvesting stages (HS), perforated plastics (PP), storage duration (SD) as well as HS×SD and PP×SD significantly influenced various quality attributes of apricot fruits. The fruits harvested at the greenish stage had the lowest physiological weight loss and decay index that shows an increase in fruits harvested at orange yellow stage respectively after 25 days of storage. Similarly, after 25 days of storage, fruits stored in plastic bags having 10 pores retained fruit weight and attained minimum physiological weight loss with low decay index. Similarly, the fruits harvested at the greenish stage and stored for 25 days attained the highest titratable acidity, fruit firmness, and ascorbic acid in comparison with other harvesting stages. The highest titratable acidity, fruit firmness, and ascorbic acid were recorded in 10 pores plastic bags, while the lowest titratable acidity, fruit firmness and ascorbic acid were recorded in closed plastic bags after 25 days of storage. The lowest value of TSS and TSS: acid was recorded at a greenish stage, which increased at later stages of harvesting. In case of Pp ×SD, the range of TSS and TSS: Acid at day 0 increased after 25 days of storage with the lowest TSS and TSS: Acid was observed in plastic bags having 10 perforations. Apricot fruits harvested at the greenish stage (10.31 0 Brix) packed in plastic bags having 10 perforations shows the best in retaining most of the quality parameters at storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive use of plastic bags adversely affects health and the environment based on their hard-todecompose nature. The increase in the number of plastic bag use is strongly influenced by population growth and changes in people's lifestyles, especially in shopping patterns among housewives, besides that government policies related to the Covid pandemic have triggered an increase in the use of plastic bags. This analytical observational research aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of housewives towards the use of plastic bags in Pasar Siborongborong Village, North Tapanuli, North Sumatra, with a cross-sectional research design with an accidental sampling method. Interviews were conducted with 95 housewives. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test with CI:95%. The results of research on the use of plastic bags by housewives showed that 57.9% of the knowledge level of housewives in the good category, 64.2% of housewives' attitudes in the category were not good and 77.9% of the use of plastic bags in housewives was not good. The results of the Chi-Square test analysis showed that there was no meaningful relationship between the level of knowledge of housewives towards the use of plastic bags. (p.value: 0.864). On the other hand, there is a significant relationship between the attitude of housewives towards the use of plastic bags and the p.value: 0.010. Knowledge about the use and dangers caused by plastic bags can be done through socialization with the public, including through advertisements on television and social media. The implementation of restrictions on the use of plastic bags through the paid plastic bag policy at supermarkets is felt to have not been optimal in an effort to reduce the use of plastic bags. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin plastic bags are common in Vietnam's sweets and food stores. Currently, due to the need to preserve dried goods, the majority of these items will be stored in fully sealed plastic bags. In order to improve package efficiency, design, and eliminate packaging errors, a completely automatic packaging machine is required to assure safety and cleanliness, enhance performance, and enhance the aesthetics of packaging designs. The study provided an approach for designing a prototype of plastic bag product packaging. Use the SolidWorks to design, analyse, and select materials based on machine concept. Then, an electrical and pneumatic system was constructed, followed by the fabrication and testing of a prototype to demonstrate the validity of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér.) is an important commercial horticultural plant extensively used in outdoor landscaping. Seed emergence has always remained a problem in geranium due to its hard seed nature. Hence its germination and other emergence-related attributes need to be adequately tested. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the germination and seedling growth of geraniums under different types of containers. In this regard, the seeds of two varieties of geranium viz. Large FID mixed and Star mixed were planted in different types of containers. The containers included black trays plastic pots, plastic bags, and nonwoven fabric bags. The seed emergence and other germination related parameters were significantly affected by the different types of containers. However, varieties exhibited similar responses for most germination and growth characteristics. Data were collected for seed germination, mean germination time, germination index and seedling vigor index. The type of containers showed a significant impact on seedling growth and development. The taller plants with more leaves and maximum biomass production were recorded from seeds sown in nonwoven fabric type bags. The results pertaining to varieties demonstrated that Star mixed showed better emergence and vigorous seedlings in comparison with large FID mixed. The taller seedlings with maximum leaves and shoot biomass were also recorded from Star mixed grown in nonwoven fabric type bags. Based on the results, it is concluded that germanium may be raised in nonwoven fabric bags for better seed emergence and seedling growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Çankırı Karatekin University Journal of the Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences is the property of Cankiri Karatekin University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável is the property of Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentavel and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Drawing on the multi-level perspective of socio-technical change and social practice theory, this paper argues that macrosocial marketing must attend to the challenge of aggregate demand reduction in order to support transition to more sustainable marketing systems. However, reversal of current production and consumption system trajectories is a prodigious challenge. To provide deeper insight into that challenge, an ethnographic case study of a failed plastic bag tax identified the mechanisms reinforcing unsustainable marketing systems. Despite widespread awareness and espoused support, the tax failed to meet policy goals. Embeddedness of plastic bags in two inseparable practices (waste management and household provisioning) gave rise to seven themes: Valuableness, skepticism, subversion, blame, juxtaposition, ubiquity and embeddedness, rights and responsibilities, highlighting the roles of habitus and dominant technological regimes, and the notion of markets as sites of conflict. Mapping the system mechanisms highlighted regulating loops locking in systems behaviors at macro (landscape), meso (regimes of technology and practice) and micro (individual consumer and firm) levels. Building on the idea of demarketing, a process of macrodemarketing is proposed as a multi-level challenge to systems unsustainability. A series of macrosocial marketing interventions is proposed, ranging from electoral and education policy, to incentives for closed loop supply chain innovations. Addressing the limitations of the voluntary individual choice perspective, the study contributes insight into sources of resistance and potential capitulation to systems interventions at multiple levels and among multiple stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kirkuk University Journal for Scientific Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• A global database and analysis of 160 public policies on plastic carrier bags. • There has been a rapid spread of public policies, tripling in numbers since 2010. • Policies are dominated by bans (56%) and pricing mechanisms (32%). • Individual policies have reduced consumption, but global picture remains unclear. • Resistance to such policies occur, foremost in the USA. The plastic carrier bag epitomises many of the features that have transformed plastics into a material that defines our contemporary modern culture. The versatility, durability, strength and low cost have made it into an indispensable companion for consumers. In parallel with plastic becoming an increasingly contested material, the plastic carrier bag has emerged as a controversial object in many jurisdictions. This paper explores where, how and to what extent public authorities in different cases across the globe regulate plastic carrier bags. The number of public policies on plastic carrier bags has more than tripled since 2010, and they are now found on all continents, ranging from the municipal to the intergovernmental level. They mainly come in the form of either bans or levies, with the former being predominant. There have been many examples of policies leading to reduced consumption of plastic carrier bags, however this paper also identifies key challenges, including resistance towards plastic carrier bag regulations, uncertainty in measuring the effects, and the undesired side-effects. Far from being a simple issue, public policies on plastic carrier bags highlight the complexity of governing plastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most important feature of the storage systems is to preserve the integrity of the grain for a given period with minimal loss in quality and quantity. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed conditioning prior to storage process using infrared heating at the optimum radiation intensity of 882.67W/m2 and exposure time of 15 min and the ultraviolet radiation at radiation intensity of 3.538mW/cm2 and exposure time of 40 min on storability of cowpea seeds using different types of plastic hermetic bags in comparison with pp woven bags. The changes in cowpea seeds quality during storage of pre-treated cowpea seeds in terms of moisture content, protein content, total microbial count and insect detection were also determined. The results show that, the moisture content of seeds stored in pp woven bags increased in contrast with both types of studied hermetic bags, oxygen concentration for hermetic bags decreased during storage period and carbon dioxide increased unlike pp woven bag, The rate of seeds infection with microorganisms and weevils was lower for the samples stored in both types of hermetic bags and crude protein content of seeds stored in hermetic bags reduced at a very slight rate in comparison with that stored in woven bag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]