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During the investigation of lignicolous freshwater fungi in plateau lakes in Yunnan Province, China, eight Lentitheciaceae species were collected from five lakes viz. Luguhu, Qiluhu, Xingyunhu, Cibihu, and Xihu lake. Based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, SSU, and tef 1-α sequence data, a new genus Paralentithecium, two new species (Paralentithecium suae, and Setoseptoria suae), three new records (Halobyssothecium phragmitis, H. unicellulare, and Lentithecium yunnanensis) and three known species viz. Halobyssothecium aquifusiforme, Lentithecium pseudoclioninum, and Setoseptoria bambusae are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lake Xingyun is a hypertrophic shallow lake on the Yunnan Plateau of China. Its water quality (WQ) has degraded severely during the past three decades with catchment development. To better understand the external nutrient loading impacts on WQ, we measured nutrient concentrations in the main tributaries during January 2010–April 2018 and modelled the monthly volume of all the tributaries for the same period. The results show annual inputs of total nitrogen (TN) had higher variability than total phosphorus (TP). The multi-year average load was 183.8 t/year for TN and 23.3 t/year for TP during 2010–2017. The average TN and TP loads for 2010–2017 were 36.6% higher and 63.8% lower, respectively, compared with observations in 1999. The seasonal patterns of TN and TP external loading showed some similarity, with the highest loading during the wet season and the lowest during the dry season. Loads in spring, summer, autumn, winter, and the wet season (May–October) accounted for 14.2%, 48.8%, 30.3%, 6.7%, and 84.9% of the annual TN load and 14.1%, 49.8%, 28.1%, 8%, and 84.0% of the annual TP load during 2010–2017. In-lake TN and TP concentrations followed a pattern similar to the external loading. The poor correlation between in-lake nutrient concentrations and tributary nutrient inputs at monthly and annual time scales suggests both external loading and internal loading were contributing to the lake eutrophication. Although effective lake restoration will require reducing nutrient losses from catchment agriculture, there may be a need to address a reduction of internal loads through sediment dredging or capping, geochemical engineering, or other effective measures. In addition, the method of producing monthly tributary inflows based on rainfall data in this paper might be useful for estimating runoff at other lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diversity of lignicolous freshwater fungi in northwestern Yunnan, China, has been studied for several years in the College of Agriculture and Biological Science, at Dali University. Over the last 5 years, we published two new genera and nine new species of Tubeufiaceae from northwestern Yunnan. This study focused on introducing tubeufia-like hyphomycetous fungi found in freshwater lakes in the northwestern Yunnan plateau. Eleven fresh collections of tubeufiaceous taxa were gathered and identified. Among them, a new genus, Neomanoharachariella, is introduced to accommodate Neomanoharachariella aquatica, which is characterized by a light brown to dark brown color, dictyoseptate, and broadly oval to ellipsoid and well-developed conidiophores. Two new species, viz., Neohelicosporium suae and Parahelicomyces suae, one new record, Helicoma rufum, and three new collections, namely, H. rugosum, P. hyalosporus, and Tubeufia cylindrothecia are introduced based on morphological evidence and molecular phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, tef I-α, and RPB2 sequence data. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of these species are provided, and a morphological comparison with similar taxa is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The faults in the Anninghe-Zemuhe-Daliangshan fault system are mechanically coupled and interact with each other over various timescales. • The fault interactions and mechanical coupling between faults can cause regional earthquake clusters. • The model seismicity, seismic moment release rates, and slip rates on the Anninghe-Zemuhe fault and Daliangshan fault are interdependent and complementary. • The change in mechanical strength of the Daliangshan fault can influence seismicity and slip rates on itself and other faults in this region. The mechanical coupling and interactions between faults over various timescales, and their relationships with regional seismicity have not been clarified. In order to study these problems, we built a three-dimensional viscoelastoplastic finite element model to simulate stress evolution, long-term fault slip rates, and regional seismicity in the Anninghe-Zemuhe-Daliangshan fault system. The fault system consists of two parallel faults, the Anninghe-Zemuhe fault and Daliangshan fault, and is a main boundary between Sichuan-Yunnan block and South China block in southeastern Tibetan Plateau. By analyzing the model results, we investigated mechanical coupling and fault interactions in the fault system, the characteristics of seismicity, and the relationship between them over timescales of earthquake cycles. The results showed that mechanical coupling or fault interaction in a fault system is an important factor to cause earthquake clusters. The model results and observation data showed that seismicity and seismic moment release rates on the Anninghe-Zemuhe fault and Daliangshan fault are interdependent: active seismicity or high seismic moment release rate on one fault is usually accompanied by relatively quiescent seismicity or low seismic moment release rate on the other fault. We observed that the two faults collectively accommodate crustal relative motion and their slip rates are complementary. We also found that the development and maturity of Daliangshan fault in the future can increase its own seismicity and slip rate, but decrease those on the Anninghe-Zemuhe fault. This study reveals mechanical coupling and fault interactions over various timescales and their impact on regional seismicity in the Anninghe-Zemuhe-Daliangshan fault system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aimed al the difficult problem of prevention and control of disastrous sugircane borers in low latitude plateau of China, this research systematically overcame the botlleneck of comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane bores after 10 years of collaIborative research, and formed a number of core product technologies, which promoted the green and high-quality development of the sugarcane industry and achieved llie following innovative results. In this study, the species, population structure and damage characteristics of disastrous sugarcane borers in low latitude plateau were clarified for the first time, which provided a scientific basis for the formulation of technology and application of comprehensive prevention and control. The monitoring technology system and early warning monitoring network were constructed for the monitoring of borer pojHilation in low latitude plateau sugarcane area, wliich realized the accurate monitoring of the population dynamics of sugan-ane bores and provided technical support for comprehensive prevention and control, the flight spraying technology by unmanned aerial vehicle ( UAV) was developed for bores in the low latitude plateau cane area, and ii has been successfull) applied in a large area, therein opening up a new way of light, simple and efficienl for effeclive conlrol of borers. The scale application of lain]) trapping and sexual attracting to kill adult insects technology promoted the advancement of green control technology of bores. Integration was made to the comprehensive control techniques like UAV flight control, biological agents, physical and chemical inducement and control, and sexual attractant trapping in the low latitude plateau sugarcane area, and standardized technical regulations have been formulated, which significantly improved the overall prevention and control effect of large areas. The technologies for the comprehensive prevention and control of sugarcane Infers have been popularized and applied in 8 major sugarcane producing states (cities) in low altitude plateau of Yunnan over llie years, which has controlled the damage and showed remarkable control effect. In 2017 -2018, the integrated conlrol technology was popularized and applied to a total of 2.78x105 hm2( 1.33x104 hm2 of LAV flight control) of area, which recovered a total of 3.666x106 t of sugarcrane losses, increasing 4. 69 x 10 t of sugar with the sales increase of 3.979 billion yuan, added profits of 1.251 billion yuan and the taxes increase of 188 million yuan. The research results show that the technology has high technical integration, strong practicability, high degree of transformation, significant economic:, sexual and ecological benefits, which provide technical supports for the sustainable development, loss reduction and efficiency increase of the sugarcane industry in the low-latitude plateau sugarcane region, and make significant contributions to the economic development of ethnic minorities in the border-stricken areas and the increase of farmers" income and poverty alleviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smmith) is one of the major migratory pesls warned by the Fool and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Il has successfully invaded sugarcane and corn in Jinggu, Longchuan, Gengma, Menghai, Yingjiang, Lancang of Yunan Province, China. In view of the great variety of hosts, wide range of habitats and strong migration ability, S. Jhigiperda has the potential of causing catastrophic threats to sugircane production. In this paper, we made a systematic introduction to the morphological and biological cliaracteristies of S. jnigiperda, analyzed its occurrence situations and occurrence trends in Yunnan of China and other countries around the world, and proposed the control strategies and measures of ecological regulation and control, natural enemies protection and utilization, biological control, pesticide control and adults trapping based on the outbreak characteristics of S. Jhigiperda and the actual sugarcane production in low latitude plateau areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qilu Lake is one of the 9 plateau lakes in Yunnan, China, with a lake surface altitude of 1796.62 m above sea level. In spite of the importance and agriculturally-intensive phenomenon in Qilu Lake Basin, few studies have provided a modern evaluation of pesticide residues and potential effects to local aquatic organisms. The primary goal of this study was to determine the spatio-temporal variations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in this area, and to further assess the related ecological risks. Of the 25 OCPs analyzed, 14 were detected, and the concentrations of ∑ 25 OCPs were highest in the upstream of rivers, followed by regions close to the lake shore, and the lowest concentrations were found in Qilu Lake in every season except winter. The concentrations of ∑ 25 OCPs were the highest in summer, and the lowest in winter. OCP concentrations in spring and in autumn were similar. 4,4′-DDD, γ-HCH, HCB, trans -chlordane, and cis -chlordane were 5 OCPs with relatively high risk in Qilu Lake Basin. Interestingly, higher OCP concentrations do not necessarily correspond to higher ecological risk levels. Low predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) values and relatively high toxicity of these OCPs led to their high risk quotient (RQ) values. This work further illustrated that although OCPs have been banned for many years, they were still frequently detected in surface waters, and caused risks to aquatic animals. [Display omitted] • OCPs concentrations were highest in the upstream of rivers and in summer. • Intensive precipitation in summer strongly affected pesticide migration. • Pesticides with similar properties had similar migration pathways. • Sediments could be a major source of OCP residues in waters. • γ-HCH presented the highest-risk level in Qilu Lake Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The M S 6.4 earthquake occurred in Yangbi County, Yunnan Province, China, on 21 May, 2021. The earthquake is located on the west side of the Red River fault, the western boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan block in the SE margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The Yangbi M S 6.4 earthquake has aroused great concern due to its unique geographical location and frequent strong earthquakes in Yunnan. In this study, a total of 4695 local earthquakes of the Yangbi M S 6.4 earthquake sequence are relocated using the double-difference location method, including the mainshock source location of 99.879°E, 25.687°N, and depth of 9.67 km. The mainshock has a moment magnitude of 6.1, and one of the fault-plane solutions is 137°, 83° and − 163° in strike, dip, rake respectively. Combined with the relocation and focal mechanism solutions results, it is suggested that the seismogenic fault of the Yangbi M S 6.4 earthquake is a NW-SE trending fault on the southwest side of the Weixi-Qiaohou fault (WQF), with high dip of SW, which is a previously-unknown blind fault. The regional 2D stress field shows that the principal compressive stress around the Yangbi earthquake is NNW-SSE and nearly N-S direction, which appears to be deflected counterclockwise by a small angle on its east side and changed to N-S and NNE-SSW direction on its west side, while both the north and south sides of the Yangbi earthquake show directional coherence. Strong differential deformation distorts in the upper crust to the northeast of the seismic source as reflected by tectonic stress field and the upper crust seismic anisotropy, indicating strong influence of Lijiang-Xiaojinhe fault (LXF). The stress field in the source area is jointly controlled by southeastward movement of southeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau, the northeastward movement of Indian plate and the differential movement between the different tectonic blocks. • The Yangbi M s6.4 earthquake sequences are relocated to reveal two burst areas of small earthquakes. The seismogenic fault is a blind fault. • The new detailed 2D stress field is released, and a model of stress field is reported around the source area. • Strong differential deformation distorts in the upper crust to the northeast of the source area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lake surface water temperature (LSWT) is an important factor in lake ecological environments. It has been observed that LSWT have followed an upward trend in the last half century, which has had serious impacts on regional biodiversity and climate. It is important to understand the main reason for this phenomenon in order to have a basis for controlling and improving the regional ecological environment. In this study, the contribution rates of near surface air temperature (NSAT), surface pressure (SP), surface solar radiation (SSR), total cloud cover (TCC), wind speed (WS) and Secchi depth (SD) to LSWT of 11 naturally formed lakes in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau are quantified. The characteristics of and relationships between the various factors and LSWT in lakes of different types and attributes are revealed. The results show that: (1) from 2001 to 2018, most lakes were warming; the change rate of LSWT-day was higher than that of LSWT-night. The mean comprehensive warming rate (MCWR) of LSWT-day was 0.42 °C/decade, and the mean comprehensive change rate (MCCR) was 0.31 °C/decade; the MCWR of LSWT-night was 0.19 °C/decade, and the MCCR was 0.01 °C/decade. NSAT and SSR were most strongly correlated with LSWT-day/night. There were no large seasonal differences in the correlation between NSAT and LSWT-day, while seasonal differences in the correlations between NSAT with LSWT-night and SSR with LSWT-day/night were observed. (2) NSAT and SSR were the most important factors affecting LSWT-day/night changes, with contribution rates of 30.24% and 44.34%, respectively. LSWT-day was more affected by SP and SSR in small, shallow, and low-storage lakes. For larger lakes, LSWT-day was more affected by WS, while LSWT-night was greatly affected by TCC. Urban and semi-urban lakes were more affected by SSR and NSAT; for natural lakes, the decreasing SD affected the increases in LSWT, which indirectly reflects the impact of human activities. LSWT-day/night responded differently to different morphological characteristics of the lakes and different intensities of human activity. Image 1 • The heterogeneity of LSWT warming of 11 major plateau lakes were discussed. • 6 main factors impact on LSWT were analyzed quantitively. • LSWT changing heterogeneity was revealed from lake type and morphometry perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]