1. Etiology of Bacterial Meningitis Among Children <5 Years Old in Côte d'Ivoire: Findings of Hospital-based Surveillance Before and After Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction.
- Author
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Boni-Cisse C, Jarju S, Bancroft RE, Lepri NA, Kone H, Kofi N, Britoh-Mlan A, Zaba FS, Usuf E, Ndow PS, Worwui A, Mwenda JM, Biey JN, Ntsama B, Kwambana-Adams BA, and Antonio M
- Subjects
- Child, Preschool, Cote d'Ivoire epidemiology, Female, Haemophilus influenzae type b classification, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Meningitis, Bacterial prevention & control, Neisseria meningitidis classification, Pneumococcal Vaccines classification, Prevalence, Serotyping, Streptococcus pneumoniae classification, Vaccines, Conjugate administration & dosage, World Health Organization, Hospitals, General statistics & numerical data, Meningitis, Bacterial epidemiology, Meningitis, Bacterial etiology, Pneumococcal Vaccines administration & dosage, Sentinel Surveillance
- Abstract
Background: Bacterial meningitis remains a major disease affecting children in Côte d'Ivoire. Thus, with support from the World Health Organization (WHO), Côte d'Ivoire has implemented pediatric bacterial meningitis (PBM) surveillance at 2 sentinel hospitals in Abidjan, targeting the main causes of PBM: Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus). Herein we describe the epidemiological characteristics of PBM observed in Côte d'Ivoire during 2010-2016., Methods: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected from children aged <5 years admitted to the Abobo General Hospital or University Hospital Center Yopougon with suspected meningitis. Microbiology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used to detect the presence of pathogens in CSF. Where possible, serotyping/grouping was performed to determine the specific causative agents., Results: Overall, 2762 cases of suspected meningitis were reported, with CSF from 39.2% (1083/2762) of patients analyzed at the WHO regional reference laboratory in The Gambia. In total, 82 (3.0% [82/2762]) CSF samples were positive for bacterial meningitis. Pneumococcus was the main pathogen responsible for PBM, accounting for 69.5% (52/82) of positive cases. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes 5, 18C, 19F, and 6A/B were identified post-vaccine introduction. Emergence of H. influenzae nontypeable meningitis was observed after H. influenzae type b vaccine introduction., Conclusions: Despite widespread use and high coverage of conjugate vaccines, pneumococcal vaccine serotypes and H. influenzae type b remain associated with bacterial meningitis among children aged <5 years in Côte d'Ivoire. This reinforces the need for enhanced surveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases to determine the prevalence of bacterial meningitis and vaccine impact across the country., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2019
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