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The article presents information on a study that was conducted to examine reasons behind substantial morbidity among HIV-infected persons despite availability of effective prophylaxis, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) in the U.S. A total of 483 episodes of PCP were diagnosed during 7315 person-years. Incidence was lowest among persons prescribed both antiretroviral therapy (ART) and PCP prophylaxis, while persons not prescribed prophylaxis had higher PCP incidence.

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) has historically been one of the leading causes of disease among persons with AIDS. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in industrialized nations has brought about dramatic declines in the incidence of AIDS-associated complications, including PCP. In the adult population, the incidence of PCP has significantly decreased, but it remains among the most common AIDS-defining infections. Similar declines have been documented in the pediatric population. In much of the developing world, PCP remains a significant health problem, although its incidence among adults in sub-Saharan Africa has been debated. This review discusses the epidemiology of PCP during the current era of the AIDS epidemic. Although fewer cases of PCP occur in industrialized countries, increasing drug-resistant HIV infections, possible drug-resistant PCP, and the tremendous number of AIDS cases in developing countries make this disease of continued public health importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study which examined the survival of AIDS patients diagnosed with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the United States. Methodology; Results; Discussion.

Examines the risk for preventable opportunistic infections (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Mycobacterium avium for persons with AIDS. Analysis on the effect of antiretroviral therapy for AIDS patients; Application of the counting-process formulation of the Cox model; Considerations for the discontinuation of prophylaxis.