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Предметом исследования явилась система общественно-правовых отношений в сфере административной деятельности сотрудников полиции по предупреждению преступности несовершеннолетних. Объектом исследования выступили общественные отношения, возникающие между несовершеннолетним правонарушителем либо его законным представителем и правоприменителем в лице сотрудника подразделения по делам несовершеннолетних. Цель работы состояла в рассмотрении нормативной правовой базы, регламентирующей административную деятельность сотрудников полиции, направленную на решение основных задач, связанных с профилактикой совершения несовершеннолетними гражданами административных правонарушений и преступлений. Статья посвящена рассмотрению общетеоретических и практических аспектов административной деятельности сотрудников подразделений по делам несовершеннолетних органов внутренних дел по предупреждению преступности несовершеннолетних. Анализируются различные методы противодействия и профилактики преступлений несовершеннолетних. Автор рассматривает формы профилактической деятельности сотрудников подразделений по делам несовершеннолетних органов внутренних дел на примере Орловской области. Особое внимание автор обращает на проблемы выявления и устранения причин и условий, способствующих вовлечению несовершеннолетних в совершение преступлений и антиобщественных проступков. Методологическую основу работы составили: система различных методов познания и анализа; фундаментальные положения теории права и государства; обобщение практического опыта. Область применения результатов: положения работы могут быть использованы в правоприменительной деятельности полиции, образовательном процессе при изучении проблем профилактики совершения несовершеннолетними правонарушений. Новизна работы определяется значимостью проблем правоприменительной деятельности в сфере профилактики совершения несовершеннолетними административных правонарушений и преступлений. В заключении работы предлагается усилить обмен необходимой информацией между субъектами, осуществляющими профилактику противоправного поведения несовершеннолетних, тщательно планировать и проводить совместные мероприятия по выявлению, пресечению противоправного поведения несовершеннолетних., The subject of the study was the system of social and legal relations in the sphere of administrative activities of police officers for the prevention of juvenile delinquency. The object of the study was the public relations arising between the juvenile offender or his legal representative and the law enforcement officer in the person of the division for juvenile affairs. The purpose of the work was to consider the regulatory legal framework governing the administrative activities of police officers aimed at solving the main tasks related to the prevention of commission of administrative offenses and crimes by minors. The article is devoted to the consideration of general theoretical and practical aspects of the administrative activities of the employees of the units for juvenile affairs of the internal affairs bodies for the prevention of juvenile crime. Various methods of counteraction and prevention of juvenile delinquency are analyzed. The author considers the forms of preventive activities of employees of the departments for juvenile affairs of the internal affairs bodies on the example of the Orel region. The author pays special attention to the problems of identifying and eliminating the causes and conditions that contribute to the involvement of minors in the commission of crimes and antisocial offenses. The methodological basis of the work consists of: a system of different methods of cognition and analysis; fundamental provisions of the theory of law and state; generalization of practical experience. Scope of application of the results: the provisions of the work can be used in law enforcement activities of the police, the educational process in the study of the problems of prevention of juvenile delinquency. The novelty of the work is determined by the importance of the problems of law enforcement in the field of prevention of administrative offenses and crimes committed by minors. In conclusion, it is proposed to strengthen the exchange of necessary information between the subjects engaged in the prevention of illegal behavior of minors, carefully plan and carry out joint activities to identify, suppress the illegal behavior of minors.

Antal alkoholutandningsprov som utförs varje år har minskat med drygt 50 procent mellan år 2010 och 2015. I den här PM:et belyses frågan om antal alkoholutandningsprov och dess betydelse för rattfylleriets omfattning. PM:et ska ses som ett underlag för fortsatta diskussioner om polisens övervakning men även om vilken ytterligare forskning som behövs inom området. Underlaget baseras på tre delar: (i) en jämförelse mellan antal utandningsprov som görs i Sverige och antalet i andra länder, (ii) en jämförelse av subjektiv och faktisk upptäcktsrisk baserat på data från ESRA–projektet (European Survey of Road Users’ Safety Attitudes) och (iii) en sammanställning av aktuell forskning på området. Uppgifter om antal utandningsprov saknas i många länder men en jämförelse har kunnat göras mellan Sverige och 13 andra europeiska länder. Resultaten visar att Sverige var det land bland dessa som år 2010 utförde flest prov per invånare. År 2015 var det sex länder som utförde fler prov per invånare än vad Sverige gjorde Litteraturgenomgången visar att om man ökar antal prov leder det till en högre subjektiv upptäcktsrisk vilket i sin tur leder till en högre allmänpreventiv effekt. Det behövs dock mer forskning om vilken nivå på övervakningens omfattning som ger bäst avvägning mellan polisens resurser och antal rattfylleribrott. Andra faktorer som till exempel sociala normer är också viktiga. Resultat från ESRA-studien visar bland annat att det är väldigt få som kör rattfulla i Sverige även om den subjektiva upptäcktsrisken är ganska låg jämfört med flera av de andra länderna. En slutsats av det är att det behövs mer forskning om de specifika förhållanden som gäller i Sverige. Senast det gjordes någon större studie om rattfylleriövervakningens effekter i Sverige var i början på 1990-talet. Idag sker en stor del av forskningen i USA och Australien och dess grannländer och det är svårt att direkt översätta dessa resultat till svenska förhållanden.

Aquest treball analitza la responsabilitat civil subsidiària de l’administració pels delictes que cometen els membres dels cossos i forces de seguretat. La policia necessita fer servir armes per dur a terme les funcions d’acord amb la constitució i les lleis. Encara que això, en una gran majoria de casos redunda en benefici per a la societat, en alguns casos concrets suposa riscs importants. S’analitza, doctrinalment i jurisprudencial, com respon l’administració pública en aquests i altres casos, com per exemple, en delictes de tortura o en detencions il·legals, distingint segons si els fets il·lícits danyosos comesos pels funcionaris policials són en acte de servei o fora del servei, ja que en aquest últim supòsit, és més difícil de concretar la responsabilitat civil subsidiària de l’administració., This paper analyses the government’s subsidiary civil liability for crimes committed by law enforcement officers. The police need to use firearms to carry out their duties in line with the Constitution and the law but, although this is in society’s interest in the vast majority of cases, there are some specific instances where substantial risks are involved. From the perspective of legal doctrine and case law, we analyse how the public authorities respond to these and other cases, of torture and illegal detention, for example, distinguishing between unlawful and wrongful acts that officers commit while on duty or not since, in the latter case, it is more difficult to specify the authorities’ subsidiary civil liability., El presente trabajo analiza la responsabilidad civil subsidiaria de la Administración por los delitos cometidos por miembros de las fuerzas y cuerpos de seguridad. La policía necesita utilizar armas para llevar a cabo sus funciones de acuerdo con la Constitución y las leyes y, aunque ello, en una gran mayoría de ocasiones redunda en beneficio de toda la sociedad, en algunos supuestos concretos conlleva unos riesgos importantes. Se analiza, doctrinal y jurisprudencialmente, cómo responde la Administración pública en estos casos y en otros, como, por ejemplo, en delitos de torturas o detenciones ilegales, distinguiéndose según si los hechos ilícitos dañosos cometidos por los funcionarios policiales son en acto de servicio o fuera de él, puesto que, en este último supuesto, es más difícil concretar la responsabilidad civil subsidiaria de la Administración.

With the purpose of providing assistance to government efforts in justice sector reform and modernization, the World Bank conducted two surveys. The first survey was conducted in 2010 in order to collect baseline information on perceptions of the court and prosecutorial performance and expectations from the reform implemented in January 2010. The second, follow-up, survey was conducted in 2013 in order to identify the impact of the first four years (2010 - 2013) of reforms and the expectations from the new national strategy of reform for the period 2014-2018. The surveys aimed to measure perceptions of judicial performance against five core values (efficiency, quality, fairness, accessibility, and integrity - independence and presence of corruption), and to compare the views of multiple stakeholders (court services users - general public and business sector, court services providers -judges, prosecutors and providers of court administrative services, and lawyers as intermediaries between users and providers of court services). The survey also focused on costs of judicial services, with respect to perceptions of accessibility of court services, and views of cost, with respect to quality of the delivered services, from the point of view of users with experience with court cases. Surveys can map experiences, perceptions, and expectations from the point of view of various stakeholders, thus providing an indication of the judiciary's popular legitimacy that cannot be measured in other ways. The introductory section contains an overview of perceptions of the five dimensions of judiciary performance across survey groups and across time. The second section on quality, besides perceptions of overall quality of judiciary services, encompasses the perceptions of fairness, integrity (presence of corruption and independence) and impartiality, and public trust in judiciary, while the cost issue is presented in the section on accessibility. Third section presents access to judicial services. Perceptions of performance of court administrative services alongside the five dimensions by users and providers of the services are presented in a separate section four. Section five is perceptions of the reform launched in January 2010 and new national judicial reform strategy for the period 2014-2018. The final section deals with the perceived role of media in shaping the public opinion on judiciary system in Serbia.

The Skellefte Model is a project whose purpose is to reduce the number of repeated drunk driving offences by improving cooperation between the police, social services, addiction treatment systems, county administrative boards, public prosecutors, judges and the criminal justice system. The project's key concept is that suspected drunk drivers must come into contact with municipal social services or be taken care of by the county council addiction treatment system as quickly as possible, and preferably within 24 hours after being apprehended and questioned by the police. The evaluation indicates that the Skellefte Model is socio-economically beneficial. A majority of those who are working in the project also believe that the model works well, but that there are numerous problems, such as administrative problems and routines, a need to better embed the model among administrators, etc. The evaluation also shows that there is room for improvement in the handling of drugged drivers. The results differ greatly from county to county. The inter-county differences are likely due to factors such as when the project began and discrepancies in terms of the application of routines, motivation and embedment among employees. They may also be attributable to some extent to the fact that some aspects of the Skellefte Model are being applied in different ways and adapted to disparate local and regional conditions.

A questionnaire survey has been conducted as part of the evaluation of the Joint National Action against Drunk and Drugged Drivers according to the Skellefte Model which the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI) has carried out at the request of the Swedish Road Administration. The questionnaire was aimed at individuals who deal with drunk drivers within the police or social services/addiction treatment systems. The objective was to describe how this work is organised within the respective organisations, how contacts with drunk drivers and the administrative process surrounding the forms have worked, and whether the model has required more resources in terms of person-hours than had been the case prior to the implementation of the model. Depending on the circumstances of the particular target group, the questionnaire was distributed either online or by mail. 452 of the 589 individuals within the police or social services/addiction treatment systems who were chosen to receive the questionnaire responded, giving a response frequency of 77%. Two versions of the questionnaire were prepared, although the bulk of it was the same for both target groups. Both police officers and individuals involved in social services/addiction treatment systems were asked to recall the most recent case they had handled in accordance with the Skellefte Model. Bearing that case in mind, the respondents were then asked to describe how the routines had worked.

This report is based on the results obtained from two questionnaire studies carried out during 1999 and 2007. The aim of the studies is to increase our knowledge about the attitudes and approach of the police to traffic safety work and how these attitudes have changed with time. In the first study 729 randomly chosen police officers completed the questionnaire and in the second 1,022. The results show that the basic attitude among the police towards traffic surveillance has become more positive. The attitudes towards the directives from the governing bodies and their ability to participate in decision making have improved slightly from the first measurement to the second measurement. However, it is characteristic that a fairly large proportion still is dissatisfied with the same. The attitude of the police towards their own reporting of accidents has not changed appreciably at all. On the other hand, the understanding that a certain amount of statistics shall be reported is slightly greater in 2007 than in 1999. The attitudes towards automatic surveillance have strongly improved although a well-visible policeman is still advocated. The need to reinforce the surveillance of professional traffic is considered to be greater in 2007 than in 1999. According to the police, the attitude amongst the public towards speeding offences has become more negative than it was before. Nevertheless, a relatively high proportion still believes that it is a relatively minor offence. In 2006, the tolerance level for speeding offences was lowered at the same time as the fines for traffic offences were raised markedly. The results of the questionnaire show that the police are neutral towards whether or not these measures will influence the public's acceptance of the traffic safety work, which could indicate that they have not yet defined their attitude regarding the question. More than half of all police officers in 2007 do not believe that the public are aware of the possibility of having a time for consideration with respect to the acceptance of a fine for a breach of regulations. Finally the results show that in 2007, more controls were carried out than before. The most important conclusions that can be drawn from these results are that the police have developed a more positive attitude towards the traffic safety work and that, at the same time, more traffic controls are being carried out. But there are also many who still do not feel that they are able to influence their work. Furthermore, many are dissatisfied with the governing body's directives regarding traffic safety work. Such a dissatisfaction can influence the psycho-social work environment and the motivation for carrying out good work, but concretely the results show that such a dissatisfaction influences, both directly and indirectly, how many traffic controls one carries out.

Unrestricted or so-called trimmed mopeds and speeding are experienced as an increasing traffic safety problem. There is a risk of an increased number of seriously injured and casualties among adolescents as a consequence of the increased number of mopeds found in traffic today and the higher speeds they are driven at. One common police action to reduce trimming is to follow the moped riders who are suspected of altering their vehicles. This can lead to "chase situations" which increase the risk to both moped riders and fellow road-users. One purpose of this report is to study the effects of an alternative way of working with the moped problems by the police in four different towns and by interviews, observations and a questionnaire study broaden our knowledge about attitudes to moped riding and trimming among youths. The results showed that the efforts of the police in the experiment towns had not had any effect on the attitudes and the points of view of the youths towards traffic safety. One possible reason for this is that the method used is too new and that it was not extensive enough. Parents have an effect on the attitude of the youths towards trimming. The parents of those who trim seem to have a more tolerant attitude towards trimming. The results from the questionnaire study show that those that had driven but do not a moped but did not have av moped of their own, as well as those who have a trimmed moped of their own were more positive towards taking risks in traffic, would consider driving at faster speeds and had more experience of traffic offenses. In addition, they are of the opinion that parents, friends and fellow roadusers find it acceptable to exceed the speed limits. Furthermore, these two groups were not as involved in organised leisure activities as the other two groups, their parents were not as strict, grades were not considered as important and they indicated to a greater degree that attending school is difficult or boring. Based on this study, it can be concluded that trimming is not an isolated behaviour but related to a certain lifestyle. In order to reduce trimming an increased understanding of those mechanisms which determine the behaviour of the target groups are needed as well as improved methods to detect trimming. Qualitative studies could be used to discuss the problem with parents, youths and those living in special residential areas where the problem is experienced as being widespread. It might also be interesting to analyse incoming calls/complaints to police communication centres and evaluate the effects police work has on the number of trimmed mopeds over a period of time.