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Compares political development in Northern and Southern India. Issue on whether socioeconomic equality is a precondition for democracy; Possible consequence of affirmative action; Most common criticisms on India's democracy.

The article focuses on the dispute between India and Pakistan over Kashmir and on the change of battle in the region as Kashmiris combat the Indian armed forces. It looks into the existing problem faced by Kashmir brought by religious nationalism, secular nationalism, and ethnic nationalism. The author emphasizes the need for India and Pakistan to compromise through a political agreement toward the advancement of peace in Kashmir. An overview of Kashmiri politics and a background of the historical development of the Kashmiri problem are provided.