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IN 2004, ARISTIDE ZOLBERG DEVELOPED AN APPROACH TO understanding immigrant integration that relates past experience, policies, and institutions to the present democratic management of cultural differences. Diversity, and diverse populations, [...]

The agreement between five union confederations and three important employer groups of France on April 11, 2208 would make it difficult engaging of irresponsible actions by the unions, state or employers. Although it appears that large union confederations gained from the agreement, they lost on issue of pensions and minimum service.

The question of who makes immigration policy focuses on the relationship between policy actors and outcomes, but is directly related to the constraints that shape the way that policy-makers make policy. The objective is to find a way to understand impact in relation to the constraints within which policy-makers shape policy.

Immigration has emerged as a powerful political issue throughout all of Western Europe during the past decade. Hardly a day passes without some new revelation of an act of violence, [...]

Western Europe's political environment has supported the radical right. Such parties continue to challenge the stability the region has finally reached. Parties supporting right-wing ideologies have established a significant presence in many western European states. These parties are no longer dismissed as ephemeral results of unfavorable societal shifts.

Challenge to the Nation-State: Immigration in Western Europe and the United States. Edited by Christian Joppke. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. 360p. $75.00. The eight European and American scholars [...]

In this concluding article, I examine the political struggle that is related to the framing of issues. I argue that the politics of immigration in Europe and the United States has been defined by a continuing conflict over how the problem is defined. I then examine the most important dynamics that are driving the framing of immigration policy on both sides of the Atlantic. Two dynamics stand out: perceptions of failure linked to security, and electoral competition and mobilization of voters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the role of political, especially party, elites in the emergence of the politics of racism in France. It argues that these elites seem to have reacted more to the changing dynamics of the party system than to mass opinion in raising and exploiting the issues of race and immigration. The anti-immigrant feelings of the electorate were mobilised and provided with a political outlet by these changing dynamics. The electoral rise of the National Front and the decline of the Communist party have profoundly altered the dynamics of French electoral politics. Both of these phenomena are indirectly related to the immigration issue. The changing dynamics of the party system have in turn contributed significantly to the sustenance and development of immigration as an issue in French politics in the 1980s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]