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To improve the performances of diesel engines and to reduce the pollutants they emit, aluminum oxide nanoparticles in varying quantities (50, 100, 150 ppm) have been added to conventional diesel fuel. The results of such experimental tests have revealed that the addition of nano-Al2O3 particles to the diesel fuel reduces its consumption by 0.488%, 1.02%, and 1.377%, respectively and increases the brake thermal efficiency by 1.4%, 2.6%, and 3.8%, respectively. The concentrations of undesired gases decrease accordingly by 1.5%, 1.7%, and 2.8% for HC and by 5.88%, 11.7%, and 17.6%, respectively, for CO. For the same percentages of nanoparticles, NOx increases by 2.65, 4.36, and 5.37, while the TSP (Total Suspended Particulate) decreases by 22%, 34.66%, and 49.7%, respectively. In the same conditions, sulfur dioxide pollutants increase by 4.57%, 8.8% and 12.89%, and H2S levels by 4.7%, 7.81% and 8.9%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]