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Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) crinalis n. sp. (Fig. 1) Diagnosis. This new species is very similar to N. suthepensis Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1993 from Thailand. It differs in that Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) crinalis n. sp. has the inferior appendages with their inner margins each bearing a row of long strong setae in ventral view, its basomesal setose lobe is semicircular in both lateral and ventral views and in ventral view this lobe is strongly sclerotized and broader than its main body. On the other hand, N. suthepensis has the inner margin of each inferior appendage without a row of long strong setae and the basomesal setose lobe is oval in ventral view and narrower than its main body. Another difference between the two species is that the phallus of the new species has a pair of long, needle-like parameres, at least as long as the phallus, and the phallicata is without any short spines, while N. suthepensis has thick parameres only half as long as the phallus and the phallicata has some additional short spines. Male. Length of each forewing 4.2–4.8 mm (N=16). Head light brown with dark yellowish antennae, pronotum light brown, meso- and metanota brown with warts light brown, forewings brown. Male genitalia. Sternum IX in lateral view nearly quadrangular, posterior margin protruding at middle and forming 135° angle (Fig. 1A); in ventral view anterior margin excised in U-shape with depth of 1/3 length of sternum, posterior margin with broad and very shallow concavity (Fig. 1C); dorsal region of tergum IX membranous, trapezoidal (Fig. 1B). Preanal appendages broad at base in lateral view, each approximately 2 times its middle width, apex obliquely truncate; basal half of mesoventral process broad, distal half acute and horn-like, directed downward. Tergum X long and tongue-like in lateral view; transparent, semi-sclerotized, with V-shaped incision apicomesally in dorsal view (Fig. 1B). Inferior appendages each about 7 times as long as its mid width in lateral view, slightly clavate, narrowed at middle, with basomesal setose lobe semicircular in lateral view (Fig. 1A); in ventral view each inferior appendage nearly parallel-sided, with inner margin bearing row of long thick setae, basomesal setose lobe strongly sclerotized, semicircular, broader than main body, with rounded apex (Fig. 1C). Phallus tubular, with pair of compressed oval protrusions laterally near middle; pair of parameres long, needle-like; phallicata without spines. Holotype male. Guang-xi Province: Shang-si County, Mt. Shi-wan-da-shan National Forest Park, Shi-tou River, tributary of Ming-jiang River, 1.35 km SW of main entrance to Park, N 21.9022°, E 107.9046°, alt. 300 m, 05 Jun 2004, Coll. Yang L-f. and C.J. Geraci. Paratypes: Guang-xi Province: same data as holotype, 89 males. Shang-si County: Mt. Shi-wan-da-shan National Forest Park, fourth trib of Shi-tou River, 3.8 km SW of main entrance to Park, N 21.8914°, E 107.9047°, alt. 420 m, 06 Jun 2004, Coll. J.C. Morse and Sun C-h., 6 males; Na-lin River, tributary of Ming-jiang River, 2.0 km NW of main entrance to Mt. Shi-wan-da-shan National Forest Park, N 21.9070°, E 107.8966°, alt. 281 m, 05 Jun 2004, Coll. J.C. Morse and Sun C-h., 15 males; Mt. Shi-wan-da-shan National Forest Park, Shi-tou River at second tributary, 3.4 km SW of main entrance to Park, N 21.8920°, E 107.9073°, alt. 392 m, 06 Jun 2004, Coll. Yang L-f. and C.J. Geraci, 3 males. Long-lin County: Mt. Jin-zhong shan, Provincial Forest Preserve, Duo-gui Gou, 1.5 km N of Xi-she Village, N 24.5824°, E 104.9141°, alt. 1145 m, 11 Jun 2004, Coll. J.C. Morse and Sun Ch., 2 males. Etymology. Greek, crinalis = of hair, with reference to the inner margins of the inferior appendages each bearing a row of long thick setae in ventral view. Distribution. Oriental Biogeographic Region of China: Guang-xi., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2014, The genus Nyctiophylax Brauer in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 273-284 in Zootaxa 3846 (2) on pages 274-275, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4928613, {"references":["Malicky, H. & Chantaramongkol, P. (1993) Neue Trichoptera aus Thailand. Teil 1: Rhyacophilidae, Hydrobiosidae, Philopotamidae, Polycentropodidae, Ecnomidae, Psychomyidae, Arctopsychidae, Hydropsychidae (Arbeiten uber thailandische Kocherfliegen Nr. 12). Linzer biologische Beitrage, 25, 433 - 487."]}

Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) macrorrhinus n. sp. (Fig. 4) Diagnosis. This new species is very similar to N. zadok Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1993 from Thailand. It differs in that 1) the apical 1/3 of each inferior appendage is acute, horn-like and curved mesad in ventral view; 2) the preanal appendages are shorter than tergum X and the mesoventral process of each preanal appendage is slender and arched in a semicircle in lateral view, with a dorsoventrally depressed apex (Figs. 4A, 4D); and 3) the pair of phallic sclerites are slender, generally straight and only slightly sclerotized. In N. zadok, 1) each inferior appendage is straight, with a blunt apex; 2) the preanal appendages are much larger and longer than tergum X, each having its mesoventral process triangular with an apex acute in lateral view; and 3) the phallic sclerites are stout, horn-like, and strongly sclerotized. Male. Length of forewing 4.0– 5.4 mm (N = 10). Head brown with yellowish antennae, pronotum light brown, meso- and metanota brown, fore wings light brown. Male genitalia. Segment IX in lateral view with triangular protrusion anteriorly in ventral half but with round production posteriorly (Fig. 4A); in ventral view both anterior and posterior margins each with deep concavities such that midline of venter IX only 1/2 as long as segment (Fig. 4C); dorsal region of segment IX nearly membranous, sub-quadrate in dorsal view. Preanal appendages in lateral view (Fig. 4A) each broad at base with rounded apex not passing beyond apex of tergum X; mesoventral processes slender and arched in semicircle; in ventral view (Fig. 4D) much broader basally, nearly meeting on midline to support phallus, but not fused with each other, depressed apically. Tergum X in lateral view with each half divided into two lobes: upper lobe setose and apically beak-like, lower lobe smooth with blunt apex bearing 2 setae (Fig. 4A); in dorsal view (Fig. 4B) transparent, semi-sclerotized, with deep U-shaped incision apicomesally. Inferior appendages broad in lateral view (Fig. 4A), each broad at base, gradually narrowing to acute apex; in ventral view (Fig. 4C) apical 1/3 curved mesad with acute horn-like apex and with thin, translucent, triangular mesal edge. Phallus tube-like, with pair of long, stout and straight paramere spines; phallic sclerites slender, narrow both anteriorly and posteriorly, generally straight and lightly sclerotized; lacking other spines (Fig. 4A). Holotype male. An-hui Province:, Qi-men County, N 29.8°, E 117.7°, Peng-long-xiang, Xiang-dong-cun, 27 Sep. 2003, Coll. Shan L-n. and Sun C-h. Paratypes. An-hui Province: Qi-men County, N 29.8°, E 117.7°, Li-xi River: Shuang-he-kou, Tao-yuan-li Tributary, 26 Aug. 2003, Coll. Sun C-h. and Shan L-n., 2 males; same data except 26 Jun. 2003, Coll. Shan L-n. and Lu S., 6 males; same data except at 50 m upstream of Shuang-he-kou, Tang-yun-li Tributary, 30 May 2002, Shan L-n. and Hu B-j., 1 male. Etymology. Greek, macrorrhinus = big-beaked, with reference to the beak-like apices of the upper lobes of tergum X in lateral view. Distribution. Oriental Biogeographic Region of China: An-hui.

Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) crinalis n. sp. (Fig. 1) Diagnosis. This new species is very similar to N. suthepensis Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1993 from Thailand. It differs in that Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) crinalis n. sp. has the inferior appendages with their inner margins each bearing a row of long strong setae in ventral view, its basomesal setose lobe is semicircular in both lateral and ventral views and in ventral view this lobe is strongly sclerotized and broader than its main body. On the other hand, N. suthepensis has the inner margin of each inferior appendage without a row of long strong setae and the basomesal setose lobe is oval in ventral view and narrower than its main body. Another difference between the two species is that the phallus of the new species has a pair of long, needle-like parameres, at least as long as the phallus, and the phallicata is without any short spines, while N. suthepensis has thick parameres only half as long as the phallus and the phallicata has some additional short spines. Male. Length of each forewing 4.2–4.8 mm (N=16). Head light brown with dark yellowish antennae, pronotum light brown, meso- and metanota brown with warts light brown, forewings brown. Male genitalia. Sternum IX in lateral view nearly quadrangular, posterior margin protruding at middle and forming 135° angle (Fig. 1A); in ventral view anterior margin excised in U-shape with depth of 1/3 length of sternum, posterior margin with broad and very shallow concavity (Fig. 1C); dorsal region of tergum IX membranous, trapezoidal (Fig. 1B). Preanal appendages broad at base in lateral view, each approximately 2 times its middle width, apex obliquely truncate; basal half of mesoventral process broad, distal half acute and horn-like, directed downward. Tergum X long and tongue-like in lateral view; transparent, semi-sclerotized, with V-shaped incision apicomesally in dorsal view (Fig. 1B). Inferior appendages each about 7 times as long as its mid width in lateral view, slightly clavate, narrowed at middle, with basomesal setose lobe semicircular in lateral view (Fig. 1A); in ventral view each inferior appendage nearly parallel-sided, with inner margin bearing row of long thick setae, basomesal setose lobe strongly sclerotized, semicircular, broader than main body, with rounded apex (Fig. 1C). Phallus tubular, with pair of compressed oval protrusions laterally near middle; pair of parameres long, needle-like; phallicata without spines. Holotype male. Guang-xi Province: Shang-si County, Mt. Shi-wan-da-shan National Forest Park, Shi-tou River, tributary of Ming-jiang River, 1.35 km SW of main entrance to Park, N 21.9022°, E 107.9046°, alt. 300 m, 05 Jun 2004, Coll. Yang L-f. and C.J. Geraci. Paratypes: Guang-xi Province: same data as holotype, 89 males. Shang-si County: Mt. Shi-wan-da-shan National Forest Park, fourth trib of Shi-tou River, 3.8 km SW of main entrance to Park, N 21.8914°, E 107.9047°, alt. 420 m, 06 Jun 2004, Coll. J.C. Morse and Sun C-h., 6 males; Na-lin River, tributary of Ming-jiang River, 2.0 km NW of main entrance to Mt. Shi-wan-da-shan National Forest Park, N 21.9070°, E 107.8966°, alt. 281 m, 05 Jun 2004, Coll. J.C. Morse and Sun C-h., 15 males; Mt. Shi-wan-da-shan National Forest Park, Shi-tou River at second tributary, 3.4 km SW of main entrance to Park, N 21.8920°, E 107.9073°, alt. 392 m, 06 Jun 2004, Coll. Yang L-f. and C.J. Geraci, 3 males. Long-lin County: Mt. Jin-zhong shan, Provincial Forest Preserve, Duo-gui Gou, 1.5 km N of Xi-she Village, N 24.5824°, E 104.9141°, alt. 1145 m, 11 Jun 2004, Coll. J.C. Morse and Sun Ch., 2 males. Etymology. Greek, crinalis = of hair, with reference to the inner margins of the inferior appendages each bearing a row of long thick setae in ventral view. Distribution. Oriental Biogeographic Region of China: Guang-xi.

Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) auriculatus Morse, Zhong & Yang 2012 Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) auriculatus Morse, Zhong & Yang 2012: 55–57, fig. 8 (male); type locality: China (Jiang-xi Province: Wu-yuan). Distribution. Oriental Biogeographic Region of China: Jiang-xi, Guang-dong (Morse et al. 2012: 55)., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2014, The genus Nyctiophylax Brauer in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 273-284 in Zootaxa 3846 (2) on page 280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4928613, {"references":["Morse, J. C., Zhong, H. & Yang, L. - F. (2012) New species of Plectrocnemia and Nyctiophylax (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae) from China. Zookeys, 169, 39 - 59. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 169.1827"]}

Nyctiophylax (Nyctiophylax) senticosus Morse, Zhong & Yang 2012 Nyctiophylax (Nyctiophylax) senticosus Morse, Zhong & Yang 2012: 49–51, fig. 5 (male); type locality: China (An-hui Province: Jin County). Distribution. Oriental Biogeograpic Region of China: An-hui, Guang-xi (Morse et al. 2012: 49)., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2014, The genus Nyctiophylax Brauer in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 273-284 in Zootaxa 3846 (2) on page 282, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4928613, {"references":["Morse, J. C., Zhong, H. & Yang, L. - F. (2012) New species of Plectrocnemia and Nyctiophylax (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae) from China. Zookeys, 169, 39 - 59. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 169.1827"]}

Nyctiophylax (Nyctiophylax) amphonion Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1997, new record (Fig. 7) Nyctiophylax (Nyctiophylax) amphonion Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1997: 206, pl. 2 (male). Type locality: Thailand (Nam Nao). Remarks. Male genitalia of the Chinese specimens appear almost identical with the drawings of N. (N.) amphonion Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1997 from Thailand. Because the original drawing is quite simple, detailed drawings for the male genitalia of our Chinese specimens are provided for further comparison (Fig. 7 A-D). Specimens examined. Guang-dong Province: Long-men County, Mt. Nan-kun, Xia-ping-she River, light trap on bridge to village, N 23.6457°, E 113.8834°, alt. 392 m, 16 May 2004, Coll. Zhou X. and C.J. Geraci, 1 male. Guang-xi Province: Shang-si County, Na-lin River, tributary of Ming-jiang River, 2.0 km NW of main entrance to Mt. Shi-wan-da-shan National Forest Park, N 21.9070°, E 107.8966°, alt. 281 m, 05 Jun 2004, Coll. J.C. Morse and Sun C-h., 5 males; Shang-si County, Mt. Shi-wan-da-shan National Forest Park, Shi-tou-he River, tributary of Ming -jiang River, 1.35 km SW of main entrance to Park, N 21.9022°, E 107.9046°, alt. 300 m, 05 Jun 2004, Coll. Yang L-f. and C.J. Geraci, 2 males; same data except at second tributary, 3.4 km SW of main entrance to Park, N 21.8920°, E 107.9073°, alt. 392 m, 06 Jun 2004, Coll. Yang L-f. and C.J. Geraci, 1 male. Distribution. Oriental Biogeographic Region of China: Guang-dong, Guang-xi; Thailand.

Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) sagax Mey 1995, new record (Fig. 6) Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) sagax Mey 1995: 212, figs. 7–9 (male). Type locality: Vietnam. Male genitalia. The Chinese specimen is quite congruent with the drawings of N. (Paranyctiophylax) sagax Mey 1995 from Vietnam, the slight difference is the apicodorsal end of each preanal appendage obviously protruded in a short finger-like process and its mesoventral process with the apex more acute and curved downward in lateral view (Fig. 6A); a drawing of these character variation details, together with drawings of the phallus and a ventral view of the male genitalia are provided for further comparison (Figs. 6B, 6C). Specimens examined. Guang-xi Province: Tian-lin County, Mt. Cen-wang-lao-shan Forest Preserve, unnamed tributary of headwaters of Bu-liu River, waterfall at County Road 794 marker 37.9 km, N 24.4127°, E 106.3820°, alt. 1422 m, 08 Jun 2004, Coll. Yang L-f. and C.J. Geraci, 1 male; same data except at Yao-shan-gou Stream, tributary of Bu-liu River, County Road 794 marker 52.7 km, N 24.4708°, E 106.3578°, alt. 1223 m, 09 Jun 2004, Coll. Yang L-f. and C.J. Geraci, 4 males; Long-lin County, Mt. Jin-zhong Provincial Forest Preserve, Nong-henggou Stream, 1.3 km N of Xi-she village, N 24.5786°, E 104.9139°, alt. 1140 m, 11 Jun 2004, Coll. Zhou X., C.J. Geraci and K.M. Kjer, 1 male; Xing-an County, Mt. Mao-er Nature Preserve, unnamed tributary of Zi-jiang River, 200 m E of Jiu-niu-tang Gate, upstream 300 m above fish hatchery, N 25.8850°, E 110.4888°, alt. 1112 m, 17 Jun 2004, Coll. Zhou X. and C.J. Geraci, 1 male. Si-chuan Province: Mian-ning County, Da-jia-cun Village, Yang-jia Creek, 100 m downstream of S215 at 409.6 km stone marker, N 28.3601°, E 101.9915°, alt. 2420 m, 3 Jul 2005, Coll. C.J. Geraci and J.C. Morse, 3 males; Shi-mian County, Li-zi-ping Nature Preserve, Ca-luo Town, Hai-zi Creek, 3 rd -level Hydropower Station, 4.3 km S of G108 from 2600.8 km stone marker, N 29.1394°, E 102.3694°, alt. 1390 m, 30 Jun 2005, Coll. Zhou X. and J.C. Morse, 1 male. Jiang-xi Province: Mt. Jiu-lian National Nature Reserve, unnamed tributary 1 of Xia-gong-tang Stream, N 24°32’05’’, E 114°28’08’’, alt. 630 m, 7 June 2005, Coll. Zhou X. and Sun C-h., 11 males; Mt. Wu-Yi National Nature Preserve, Li-tou-jian Stream, 500–900 m upstream of protected area marker, N 27°58’49’’, E 117°51’43’’, alt. 375–404 m, 5 June 2005, Coll. Sun C-h., Zhou C-f., 2 males. Distribution. Oriental Biogeographic Region of China: Guang-xi, Si-chuan, Jiang-xi; Vietnam., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2014, The genus Nyctiophylax Brauer in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 273-284 in Zootaxa 3846 (2) on pages 281-282, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4928613, {"references":["Mey, W. (1995) Bearbeitung einer kleinen Kollektion von Kocherfliegen aus Vietnam (Trichoptera). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 105 (11), 208 - 218."]}

Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang, Morse, John C. (2014): The genus Nyctiophylax Brauer in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae). Zootaxa 3846 (2): 273-284, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.7

Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) gracilis Morse, Zhong & Yang 2012 Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) gracilis Morse, Zhong & Yang 2012: 51–53, fig. 6 (male); type locality: China (Jiang-xi Province: W. of Con-gan). Distribution. Oriental Biogeographic Region of China: Jiang-xi, Zhe-jiang, An-hui, Si-chuan, Guang-xi (Morse et al. 2012: 51)., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2014, The genus Nyctiophylax Brauer in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 273-284 in Zootaxa 3846 (2) on pages 280-281, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4928613, {"references":["Morse, J. C., Zhong, H. & Yang, L. - F. (2012) New species of Plectrocnemia and Nyctiophylax (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae) from China. Zookeys, 169, 39 - 59. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 169.1827"]}

Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) aliel Malicky 2012 Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) aliel Malicky 2012: 1274, fig. 8 (male); type locality: China (He-nan Province, Luo-shan County, Ling-shan). Remarks. We have not seen specimens of this species. Distribution. Oriental–Palearctic Boundary Region of China: He-nan., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2014, The genus Nyctiophylax Brauer in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 273-284 in Zootaxa 3846 (2) on page 280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4928613, {"references":["Malicky, H. (2012) Neue asiatischer Kocherfliegen aus neuen Ausbeuten (Insecta, Trichoptera). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 44 (2), 1263 - 1310."]}

Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) taiwanensis Hsu & Chen 1996 Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) taiwanensis Hsu & Chen 1996: 117–118, figs. 1–4 (male). Type locality: Tai-wan (Taichung). Remarks. We have not seen specimens of this species. Distribution. Tai-wan., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2014, The genus Nyctiophylax Brauer in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 273-284 in Zootaxa 3846 (2) on page 282, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4928613, {"references":["Hsu, L. - P. & Chen, C. - S. (1996) Five new species of polycentropodid caddisflies from Taiwan (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae). Chinese Journal of Entomology, 16, 117 - 124."]}

Nyctiophylax (Nyctiophylax) amphonion Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1997, new record (Fig. 7) Nyctiophylax (Nyctiophylax) amphonion Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1997: 206, pl. 2 (male). Type locality: Thailand (Nam Nao). Remarks. Male genitalia of the Chinese specimens appear almost identical with the drawings of N. (N.) amphonion Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1997 from Thailand. Because the original drawing is quite simple, detailed drawings for the male genitalia of our Chinese specimens are provided for further comparison (Fig. 7 A-D). Specimens examined. Guang-dong Province: Long-men County, Mt. Nan-kun, Xia-ping-she River, light trap on bridge to village, N 23.6457°, E 113.8834°, alt. 392 m, 16 May 2004, Coll. Zhou X. and C.J. Geraci, 1 male. Guang-xi Province: Shang-si County, Na-lin River, tributary of Ming-jiang River, 2.0 km NW of main entrance to Mt. Shi-wan-da-shan National Forest Park, N 21.9070°, E 107.8966°, alt. 281 m, 05 Jun 2004, Coll. J.C. Morse and Sun C-h., 5 males; Shang-si County, Mt. Shi-wan-da-shan National Forest Park, Shi-tou-he River, tributary of Ming -jiang River, 1.35 km SW of main entrance to Park, N 21.9022°, E 107.9046°, alt. 300 m, 05 Jun 2004, Coll. Yang L-f. and C.J. Geraci, 2 males; same data except at second tributary, 3.4 km SW of main entrance to Park, N 21.8920°, E 107.9073°, alt. 392 m, 06 Jun 2004, Coll. Yang L-f. and C.J. Geraci, 1 male. Distribution. Oriental Biogeographic Region of China: Guang-dong, Guang-xi; Thailand., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2014, The genus Nyctiophylax Brauer in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 273-284 in Zootaxa 3846 (2) on page 282, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4928613, {"references":["Malicky, H. & Chantaramongkol, P. (1997) Weitere neue Kocherfliegen (Trichoptera) aus Thailand, Arbeit Nr. 20 uber thailandische Kocherfliegen. Linzer biologische Beitrage, 29 (1), 203 - 2215."]}

Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) adaequatus Wang & Yang 1997 (Fig. 5) Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) adaequatus Wang & Yang 1997 (in Yang et al. 1997): 284–285, 287–288, fig. 6 (male). Type locality: Henan (Song-xian Co., Mt. Bai-yun-shan N34.08°, E112.05°). Remarks. Additional field collections and laboratory identifications have brought us more specimens of this species. These specimens from other parts of China show interesting variations, possibly with a geographical cline, especially in the shape of the inferior appendages. The holotype also is redrawn here for comparison. In each inferior appendage of the holotype, the basomesal lobe is only slightly shorter than the dorsal branch of the main body in lateral view (Fig. 5E), with a narrow apex and an obviously angled mesal protrusion in ventral view (Fig. 5F). Material from Gui-zhou shows a similar pattern. However, in a specimen from Guang-dong (southern China) the basomesal lobe is obviously shorter than the dorsal branch of the main body of each inferior appendage in lateral view (5A), with a blunt tip and the mesal projection not so distinctively angled (Fig. 5B). These characters are also variable individually in the same collection (Fig. 5C). In specimens from Qin-ling (northern China), the basomesal lobe is slightly shorter than the dorsal branch of the main body of each inferior appendage as for the holotype, but with a more acute apex and the mesal projection is not so distinctively angled in ventral view (Fig. 5H). Specimens examined. Guang-dong Province: Bo-luo County: Mt. Luo-fu, unnamed stream, 400 m on trail to Shan-bei-shui, trailhead 3.2 km W of ridge of Cha-shan, N 23.3190°, E 114.0115°, alt. 290 m, 01 Jun 2004, Coll. Zhou X. and C.J. Geraci, 105 males. Gui-zhou Province: Chi-shui City, Hu-shi Town, N 28.34°, E 105.42°, Nanzhu Forest Station, Jin-sha Creek, 9 June 1995, Coll. Wang B-x. and Sun C-h., 2 males. Shaan-xi Province: Mt. Qin-ling, Tian-tai Mountain, N 33.53°, E 107.38°, National Forest Preserve, headstream of Jia-ling River, black light, alt. 1700 m, 9 June 1998, Coll. Du Y-z. and Wang M., 1 male. Distribution. Oriental China (Guang-dong, Gui-zhou) and Oriental–Palearctic Boundary Region of China: He-nan (N34.08°, E112.05°, 1400 m), Shaan-xi (Qin-ling N33.53°, E 107.38°, 1700 m)., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2014, The genus Nyctiophylax Brauer in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 273-284 in Zootaxa 3846 (2) on page 279, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4928613, {"references":["Yang, L. - F., Wang, B. - X. & Leng, K. - M. (1997) Seven new species of Trichoptera (Insecta: Mecopterodea) from Funiu Mountain. Entomotaxonomia, 19 (4), 279 - 288. [in Chinese with English summary]"]}

Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) macrorrhinus n. sp. (Fig. 4) Diagnosis. This new species is very similar to N. zadok Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1993 from Thailand. It differs in that 1) the apical 1/3 of each inferior appendage is acute, horn-like and curved mesad in ventral view; 2) the preanal appendages are shorter than tergum X and the mesoventral process of each preanal appendage is slender and arched in a semicircle in lateral view, with a dorsoventrally depressed apex (Figs. 4A, 4D); and 3) the pair of phallic sclerites are slender, generally straight and only slightly sclerotized. In N. zadok, 1) each inferior appendage is straight, with a blunt apex; 2) the preanal appendages are much larger and longer than tergum X, each having its mesoventral process triangular with an apex acute in lateral view; and 3) the phallic sclerites are stout, horn-like, and strongly sclerotized. Male. Length of forewing 4.0– 5.4 mm (N = 10). Head brown with yellowish antennae, pronotum light brown, meso- and metanota brown, fore wings light brown. Male genitalia. Segment IX in lateral view with triangular protrusion anteriorly in ventral half but with round production posteriorly (Fig. 4A); in ventral view both anterior and posterior margins each with deep concavities such that midline of venter IX only 1/2 as long as segment (Fig. 4C); dorsal region of segment IX nearly membranous, sub-quadrate in dorsal view. Preanal appendages in lateral view (Fig. 4A) each broad at base with rounded apex not passing beyond apex of tergum X; mesoventral processes slender and arched in semicircle; in ventral view (Fig. 4D) much broader basally, nearly meeting on midline to support phallus, but not fused with each other, depressed apically. Tergum X in lateral view with each half divided into two lobes: upper lobe setose and apically beak-like, lower lobe smooth with blunt apex bearing 2 setae (Fig. 4A); in dorsal view (Fig. 4B) transparent, semi-sclerotized, with deep U-shaped incision apicomesally. Inferior appendages broad in lateral view (Fig. 4A), each broad at base, gradually narrowing to acute apex; in ventral view (Fig. 4C) apical 1/3 curved mesad with acute horn-like apex and with thin, translucent, triangular mesal edge. Phallus tube-like, with pair of long, stout and straight paramere spines; phallic sclerites slender, narrow both anteriorly and posteriorly, generally straight and lightly sclerotized; lacking other spines (Fig. 4A). Holotype male. An-hui Province:, Qi-men County, N 29.8°, E 117.7°, Peng-long-xiang, Xiang-dong-cun, 27 Sep. 2003, Coll. Shan L-n. and Sun C-h. Paratypes. An-hui Province: Qi-men County, N 29.8°, E 117.7°, Li-xi River: Shuang-he-kou, Tao-yuan-li Tributary, 26 Aug. 2003, Coll. Sun C-h. and Shan L-n., 2 males; same data except 26 Jun. 2003, Coll. Shan L-n. and Lu S., 6 males; same data except at 50 m upstream of Shuang-he-kou, Tang-yun-li Tributary, 30 May 2002, Shan L-n. and Hu B-j., 1 male. Etymology. Greek, macrorrhinus = big-beaked, with reference to the beak-like apices of the upper lobes of tergum X in lateral view. Distribution. Oriental Biogeographic Region of China: An-hui., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2014, The genus Nyctiophylax Brauer in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 273-284 in Zootaxa 3846 (2) on pages 278-279, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4928613, {"references":["Malicky, H. & Chantaramongkol, P. (1993) Neue Trichoptera aus Thailand. Teil 1: Rhyacophilidae, Hydrobiosidae, Philopotamidae, Polycentropodidae, Ecnomidae, Psychomyidae, Arctopsychidae, Hydropsychidae (Arbeiten uber thailandische Kocherfliegen Nr. 12). Linzer biologische Beitrage, 25, 433 - 487."]}

Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) auriculatus Morse, Zhong & Yang 2012 Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) auriculatus Morse, Zhong & Yang 2012: 55–57, fig. 8 (male); type locality: China (Jiang-xi Province: Wu-yuan). Distribution. Oriental Biogeographic Region of China: Jiang-xi, Guang-dong (Morse et al. 2012: 55).

Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) pungens Morse, Zhong & Yang 2012 Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) pungens Morse, Zhong & Yang 2012: 53–55, fig. 7 (male); type locality: China (An-hui Province: Jin County). Distribution. Oriental Biogeographic Region of China: An-hui, Jiang-xi (Morse et al. 2012:53)., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2014, The genus Nyctiophylax Brauer in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 273-284 in Zootaxa 3846 (2) on page 281, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4928613, {"references":["Morse, J. C., Zhong, H. & Yang, L. - F. (2012) New species of Plectrocnemia and Nyctiophylax (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae) from China. Zookeys, 169, 39 - 59. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 169.1827"]}

Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) orbicularis n. sp. (Fig. 3) Diagnosis. This new species is very similar to N. cascadensis Malicky 1995 from Vietnam. However, it differs in that 1) sternum IX has anterior and posterior margins both deeply excised such that the mid-length of sternum IX is only 1/2 as long as the lateral margins in ventral view; 2) its preanal appendages in lateral view are short and subtriangular, each having its ventral region 1/2 as long as its basal height; 3) each preanal appendage has a mesoventral process that is stout, roundly curved ventrad to an acute apex, and with half its length clearly visible in lateral view; and 4) tergum X has each upper lobe semi-sclerotized, its ventrolateral margins are highly sclerotized and has a long, spinous apex curved ventrad which extends well past its lower lobe tip in lateral view; each of its lower lobes is large, rounded, semi-transparent, as tall as long, and with its lower edge reaching the ventral margins of the preanal appendages. In N. cascadensis, 1) the anterior and posterior margins of sternum IX are shallowly excised, such that the mid-length of sternum IX is at least 3/4 as long as the lateral margins; 2) the preanal appendages are triangular in lateral view, each with its mid-length as long as its basal height; 3) the mesoventral process of each preanal appendage is hook-like, its basal 2/3 is tilted upward, and its tip is barely visible in lateral view; and 4) the upper lobes of tergum X are short, hook-like, and not extending beyond the preanal appendages; the lower lobes are small and tongue-like, with the two together positioned above the preanal appendages in lateral view. Male. Length of each forewing 4.6–5.8 mm (N = 9). Head brown with dark yellowish antennae, pronotum yellowish brown, meso- and metanota and fore wings brown. Male genitalia. Segment IX nearly triangular, with posterior margin almost straight in lateral view (Fig. 3A); in ventral view anterior margin with rounded concavity 1/3 as deep as length of sternum and posterior margin broadly and deeply excised (Fig. 3C); dorsal region of tergum IX pentagonal, semi-membranous in dorsal view, with basal width greater than its mid length (Fig. 3B). Preanal appendages in lateral view short, sub-triangular, ventral region 1/2 as long as basal height; each with mesoventral process stout, roundly curved ventrad to acute apex, with half its length clearly visible in lateral view. Tergum X in lateral view with each half divided into two lobes: upper lobe transparent, semi-sclerotized, its ventrolateral margin highly sclerotized and each with long, spinous apex curved ventrad; lower lobe large, rounded, semi-transparent, as tall as long (Fig. 3A); with U-shaped incision apicomesally in dorsal view (Fig. 3B). Inferior appendages dorsoventrally depressed, each with its main body narrow and long, tilting dorsad in lateral view, its basomesal lobe triangular with its base about 1.5 times as broad as base of main body (Fig. 3A); in ventral view inferior appendages broad and apically blunt, each about 3 times as long as its maximum width, with distal 1/3 of its outer margin excised; basomesal setose lobe triangular and at least 1/3 as long as main body (Fig. 3C). Phallus tubular, with pair of laterally compressed oval protrusions basolaterally and pair of long, needle-like parameres; lacking other spines (Fig. 3A). Holotype male. Guang-dong Province: Ru-yuan County, Nan-ling National Nature Preserve, Lao-peng-keng Field Station, Lao-peng-keng, Route X 327, marker 21.5 km, N 24.9291°, E 113.0158°, alt. 1010 m, 18 May 2004, Coll. J.C. Morse, Yang L-f., Tong X-l. Paratypes: Guang-dong Province: Zhao-qing City: Ding-hu District, Mt. Ding-hu Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Academia Sinica, Dong-gou, N 23.1607°, E 112.5323°, alt. 132 m, 24 May 2004, Coll. Yang L-f., Zhou X., C.J. Geraci, 1 male; same data except at Shui-lian-dong-tian Waterfall, N 23.1604°, E 112.5250°, alt. 170 m, 24 May 2004, Coll. J.C. Morse and SUN C-h., 4 males. Bo-luo County, Mt. Luo-fu, unnamed stream, 400 m on trail to Shan-bei-shui, trailhead 3.2 km W of ridge of Mt. Cha-shan, N 23.3190°, E 114.0115°, alt. 290 m, 1 June 2004, Coll. J.C. Morse, Zhou X., C.J. Geraci, 3 males. Jiang-xi Province: Mt. Jiu-lian Shan: National Nature Preserve Da-Qiu-Tian, N 24°35’09’’, E 114°26’53’’, alt. 400 m, 10 June 2005, Coll. Sun C-h., 1 male; Mt. Wu-Yi Shan: National Nature Preserve, unnamed tributary of Tong-Mu River, N 27.8397°, E 117.7224°, alt. 943 m, 3 June 2005, Coll. Zhou C-f., 1 male. Etymology. Greek, orbicularis = circular, with reference to the lower lobes of tergum X expanded to round sclerites in lateral view. Distribution. Oriental Biogeographic Region of China: Guang-dong, Jiang-xi., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2014, The genus Nyctiophylax Brauer in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 273-284 in Zootaxa 3846 (2) on pages 276-278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4928613, {"references":["Malicky, H. (1995) Neue Kocherfliegen (Trichoptera, Insecta) aus Vietnam. Linzer biologische Beitrage, 27 (2), 851 - 885."]}

Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) dactylatus n. sp. (Fig. 2) Diagnosis. This new species is very similar to Nyctiophylax (Paranyctiophylax) sagax (Mey 1995) from Vietnam. It differs in that the preanal appendages are shorter than tergum X and the phallus lacks any spines. In contrast, the preanal appendages of N. (P.) sagax are longer than tergum X and the phallus of that species has a complicated, serrate, longitudinal, subapicoventral “cornutus” of tiny spines. Male. Length of each forewing 5.6 mm (N=1). Head yellowish brown with dark yellowish antennae, pronotum light brown, meso- and metanota brown, forewings brown. Male genitalia. Segment IX triangular anteriorly and nearly straight posteriorly in lateral view (Fig. 2A); in ventral view segment IX narrowed anteriorly with semicircular excision 1/4 as deep as length of sternum, posterior margin with broad and shallow concavity (Fig. 2C); dorsal region of segment IX semi-membranous, rectangular (Fig. 2B). Preanal appendages each forming laterally compressed and horizontal lobe, in lateral view (Fig. 2A) two times as long as its middle width, broad at base with remainder nearly parallel-sided, tip obliquely truncate; mesoventral process long and stout, broad at base, with apex tapered and curved ventrad, bases of opposing processes meeting each other under phallus (Fig. 2D). Tergum X in lateral view long and tall, length 1.3 times height with apicoventral ends triangularly protruded (Fig. 2A); in dorsal view transparent, semi-sclerotized, deeply divided apicomesally (Fig. 2B). Inferior appendages erect, dorsocaudally olbique in lateral view, each narrowing in distal 1/4 to acute tip; in ventral view, its dorsal edge strongly extended mesad as broad lobe with tip obliquely truncate and with finger-shaped process on inner margin near middle (Fig. 2C); basomesal setose lobe small, bluntly triangular, concealed in lateral view by base of appendage, concealed or barely visible ventrally (Fig. 2C). Phallus tubular, with pair of laterally compressed and oval protrusions laterally near base and pair of long, needlelike parameres, phallicata without tiny spines (Fig. 2A). Holotype male. Guang-dong Province: Xin-yi County, Da-cheng Town, Da-wu-ling Nature Reserve, upstream of the stream at the entrance of Reserve, N 22°16'08", E 111°11'48", alt. 1110 m, 26 May 2004, Coll. Sun C-h. Etymology. Greek, dactylatus = digitate or finger-like, with reference to the finger-shaped process on the inner margin of each inferior appendage in ventral view. Distribution. Oriental Biogeographic Region of China: Guang-dong., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2014, The genus Nyctiophylax Brauer in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 273-284 in Zootaxa 3846 (2) on page 275, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4928613, {"references":["Mey, W. (1995) Bearbeitung einer kleinen Kollektion von Kocherfliegen aus Vietnam (Trichoptera). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 105 (11), 208 - 218."]}

Plectrocnemia wui Group Li 1998 Li (1998) recognized two synapomorphies for this group: inferior appendages (1) tall and truncate in lateral view and (2) each with a short mesal plate bearing a short, finger-shaped mesal process. To these uniquely shared characters we added the following: (3) the ���mesal plate��� is actually an internal ridge of an inferior appendage, extending from the apicodorsal end of the appendage to its mesal base, the apicodorsal portion fringed with 2���8 stout setae (= apical setae of mesal plate) and arranged in a row when there are more than three setae, the basal portion produced in a finger-shaped process (= digitate process of mesal plate) and (4) the apices of the ventromesal processes of the inferior appendages are densely covered with fine, black teeth., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on page 2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646

Plectrocnemia cryptoparamere Morse, Zhong & Yang 2012 Plectrocnemia cryptoparamere Morse, Zhong & Yang 2012: 44 ���46, f. 3 (male); type locality: China (Hu-bei Procince: Macheng). Distribution. China (Hu-bei, Jiang-xi, Guang-dong)., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646, {"references":["Morse, J. C., Zhong, H. & Yang, L. - f. (2012) New species of Plectrocnemia and Nyctiophylax (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae) from China. Zookeys, 169, 39 - 59."]}

Plectrocnemia complex Hwang 1958 Plectrocnemia complex Hwang 1958: 280 ���281, f. 9���12 (male); type locality: China (Fu-jian Province: Shao-wu Co.). The holotype is missing and, so far, we have not seen specimens of this species. Distribution. China (Fu-jian)., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646

Plectrocnemia wui Group Li 1998 Li (1998) recognized two synapomorphies for this group: inferior appendages (1) tall and truncate in lateral view and (2) each with a short mesal plate bearing a short, finger-shaped mesal process. To these uniquely shared characters we added the following: (3) the “mesal plate” is actually an internal ridge of an inferior appendage, extending from the apicodorsal end of the appendage to its mesal base, the apicodorsal portion fringed with 2–8 stout setae (= apical setae of mesal plate) and arranged in a row when there are more than three setae, the basal portion produced in a finger-shaped process (= digitate process of mesal plate) and (4) the apices of the ventromesal processes of the inferior appendages are densely covered with fine, black teeth.

Plectrocnemia monacanthus Zhong, Yang & Morse, sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Adult. Length of each male forewing 4.5 –5.0 mm (N = 3, where N is the number of individuals measured in this study). Head of specimen in alcohol brown with antennae and warts yellowish brown, pronotum light brown, meso- and metanota brown with yellowish warts, forewings light brown. Male genitalia. Sternum IX strongly produced forward in triangle in lateral view (Fig. 1 B), its posterior margin cut back at 2 / 3 distance from ventral margin to short stake; in ventral view (Fig. 1 A), anterior margin deeply excised in “V” shape, rounded posterior excision with small mesal protrusion; tergum IX very lightly sclerotized, triangular in lateral view, membranous apicodorsally. Tergum X semi-membranous, narrowly and shallowly incised apicomesally. Intermediate appendages forming pair of broad plates each with stout, recurved spine. Preanal appendages obliquely erect, about 3 / 4 ths as tall as tergum IX, about 3 times as long as wide, with rounded apex in lateral view; mesoventral processes of preanal appendages forming pair of highly sclerotized, complicated structures, each with 2 slender branches extending beyond posteroventral margin of its preanal appendage, with apex of lower branch curved upward in lateral view; in caudal view (Fig. 1 E), additional small spine set on mesal margin of mesoventral process. Inferior appendages short, about as long as tall, each with distal margin broad and truncate in lateral view (Fig. 1 B); in ventral view (Fig. 1 A), inner surface of apex of each inferior appendage covered with tiny teeth, ventromesal process of each appendage subrectangular, with truncate apex densely covered with tiny teeth; 4–7 apical setae of mesal plate arranged in row in caudal view (1 F), its basal digitate process slender with simple apex. Phallobase approximately as long as, but slightly broader than phallicata, 1 pair of paramere spines about 1.3 times as long as phallobase; pair of phallic sclerites curved downward, stout in basal half and narrowing to acute apices in lateral view (Fig. 1 D), compressed against each other in ventral view. This new species is very similar to P. potchina Mosely 1942 from China (Fu-jian). The male differs from that of P. potchina in the following characters: 1) intermediate appendages forming a pair of broad plates each with a stout, recurved spine (without such structure in P. potchina); 2) the mesoventral processes of the preanal appendages are as long as the inferior appendages in lateral view, each process bearing 2 branches (shorter than the inferior appendages in lateral view, each process bearing 3 branches in P. potchina); and 3) the ventromesal processes of the inferior appendages are subrectangular, each with a broad truncate apex in ventral view, (triangular, with narrow apices in P. potchina). Holotype male: Guang-xi Province: Shang-si County, N 21.89 °, E 107.90 °, Mt. Shi-wan-da National Forest Park, 1 st tributary of Shi-tou River, Zhu-jiang-yuan Waterfall, 4 km SW of main entrance to Park, alt. 485 m, 0 6 June 2004, Coll. Zhou X. and K.M. Kjer. Paratypes: Same data as holotype, 2 males. Etymology. Monacanthus, a Greek masculine noun in apposition, meaning “a single thorn,” with reference to intermediate appendages each bearing a stout, recurved spine. Distribution. China (Guang-xi).

Plectrocnemia species incertae sedis We are unable to place the following 4 species in any known species group of Plectrocnemia. Plectrocnemia bifoliolata Zhong, Yang & Morse, sp. nov. (Fig. 11) Adult. Length of each male forewing 6.9 mm (N = 1). Head of specimen in alcohol yellow with yellowish antennae, pronotum yellowish, meso- and metanota brown with yellowish warts, forewings gray with black setae. Male genitalia. Sternum IX highly sclerotized, ventral half with anterior margin acutely protruding and posterior margin bluntly produced in lateral view (Fig. 11 B); in ventral view (Fig. 11 A), with shallow U–shaped concavity on anterior margin and broad, shallow concavity on posterior margin; tergum IX semi-membranous, broad and short in dorsal view (Fig. 11 C). Tergum X incised apicomesally in V-shape (Fig. 11 C); intermediate appendages not obvious, evident only as thickened strips along ventral margins of tergum X. Preanal appendages subrectangular in lateral view (Fig. 11 B), each with semicircular, apicoventral excision; its mesoventral process broad, subtriangular in basal half, embracing phallus ventrally in ventral view (Fig. 11 E), its distal half slender, extending beyond dorsal lobes of inferior appendages in lateral view (Fig. 11 B). Inferior appendages short, without mesal plates and digitate processes; each in lateral view (Fig. 11 B) with apex divided into 2 lobes: dorsal lobe with apex acute and tilted upward, ventral lobe shorter and blunt; in ventral view (Fig. 11 A), lower, inner lobe 2 times as broad as outer one and with subtruncate apex. Phallus tubular, with pair of oval protrusions set laterally near base, pair of long, needle-like parameres present (Fig. 11 D). This new species is somewhat similar to Plectrocnemia potchina Mosely 1942 from China (Fu-jian) in the general shape of the male genitalia. It differs in the following characters: 1) the inferior appendages are each divided into 2 lobes, the dorsal lobes are slightly broader than the ventral lobes, each lobe with its narrowed apex tilted upward in lateral view, the ventral lobes are shorter and with truncate apices in ventral view (apex divided into 2 lobes, with dorsal lobes much broader than ventral lobes, each with truncate apex not tilted in lateral view, ventral lobes triangular in ventral view in P. potchina); 2) the preanal appendages are rectangular, each with an apicoventral excision in lateral view (oval, without an apicoventral excision in P. potchina); and 3) the mesoventral processes of the preanal appendages are not divided (each 3 -forked in P. potchina). Holotype male: Jiang-xi Province: Mt. Wu-Yi National Nature Reserve, unnamed tributary of Tong-Mu River, N 27.8342 °, E 117.7386 °, alt. 1105 m, 0 2 June 2005, Coll. Yang L-f. Etymology. Latin, “bilobed,” indicating the shape of the apex of each inferior appendage. Distribution. China (Jiang-xi). Plectrocnemia wuyiensis Zhong, Yang & Morse, sp. nov. (Fig. 12) Adult. Length of each male forewing 7.6 mm (N = 1). Head of specimen in alcohol brown with yellowish antennae, pronotum dark yellowish, meso- and metanota brown with yellowish warts, wings brown. Male genitalia. Sternum IX highly sclerotized, ventral half with anterior margins strongly protruded forward in triangle and posterior margins straight in lateral view (Fig. 12 B); in ventral view (Fig. 12 A), segment IX narrowed and with small rounded excision anteriorly, its broad posterior margin with shallow and wide concavity and slight protrusion mesally; tergum IX membranous, rectangular, almost 3 times as wide as long in dorsal view (Fig. 12 C). Mesal portion of tergum X membranous with small apicomesal incision, lateral portions highly sclerotized and forming pair of stout, hook-like processes each with acute apex curved laterad; intermediate appendages highly sclerotized, broad in lateral view (Fig. 12 B), each with apex narrowing to spine, extending beyond preanal appendages. Preanal appendages oblique, horizontally short and vertically broad, approximately 3 times as high as long; each with its mesoventral process broad, highly sclerotized, apically divided into 2, widely separated, hornlike processes (Fig. 12 F). Inferior appendages without mesal plates and digitate processes, main body of each appendage subrectangular and with its apicodorsal end strongly produced in stout process directed dorsomesad in lateral view (Fig. 12 B); in ventral view (Fig. 12 A), these appendages simply subrectangular. Phallus well sclerotized, thick, tubular, with pair of short, thick paramere spines broadest basally and gradually narrowing to acute apices (Fig. 12 D, 12 E). This new species is similar to P. varouna Schmid 1961 from Pakistan, differing in the following characters: 1) tergum X has intermediate appendages that are highly sclerotized and hooked (without intermediate appendages in P. varouna), 2) the mesoventral process of each preanal appendage has its apex divided into 2, widely separated, horn-like processes (with hooked but undivided apex in P. varouna), 3) the inferior appendages are subrectangular in lateral view, each with its apicodorsal end strongly produced in a stout process directed dorsomesad, (triangular, without an apicodorsal process in P. v a ro u n a). Holotype male: Jiangxi Province: Mt. Wu-Yi National Nature Reserve, unnamed tributary of Tong-Mu River, 18 km upstream of Mt. Wu-Yi Station, N 27.8275 °, E 117.7436 °, alt. 1450m, 0 2 June 2005, Coll. Sun C-h. Etymology. The species name is derived from the name of “Mt. Wu-yi,” the type locality of this new species. Distribution. China (Jiang-xi).

Plectrocnemia munitalis Mey 1996 Plectrocnemia munitalis Mey 1996: 58, f 64���65 (male); type locality: Vietnam. Yang et al. 2005: 447. We have not seen specimens of this species. Distribution. China (Yun-nan); Vietnam., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on page 16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646, {"references":["Mey, W. (1996) Die Kocherfliegenfauna des Fan Si Pan-Massivs in Nord-Vietnam. 1. Beschreibung neuer und endemischer Arten aus den Unterordnungen Spicipalpia und Annulipalpia (Trichoptera). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 46, 39 - 65. (in German)."]}

Plectrocnemia verticalis Morse, Zhong & Yang 2012 Plectrocnemia verticalis Morse, Zhong & Yang 2012: 41 -42, f. 1 (male); type locality: China (Yun-nan Province: Ji-Ping). Distribution. China (Yun-nan)., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on page 18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646, {"references":["Morse, J. C., Zhong, H. & Yang, L. - f. (2012) New species of Plectrocnemia and Nyctiophylax (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae) from China. Zookeys, 169, 39 - 59."]}

Plectrocnemia tortosa Banks 1947 Plectrocnemia tortosa Banks 1947: 105 ���106 (male); type locality: China (Si-chuan). Li 1998: 57���58, 328. Plectrocnemia uncata Wang & Yang 1997 in Yang et al. 1997: 283���284, syn. nov. This is a widely distributed species in China. In comparison with the drawing provided by Li (1998), we consider Plectrocnemia uncata Wang & Yang 1997 as a synonym of P. t o r t o s a Banks. Specimens examined. He-nan Province: Nei-xiang County, N 33.02 ��, E 111.50 ��, Bao-tian-man, light, alt. 1500 m, 15 July 1998, Wang B-x., 1 male. Also He-nan Province: Song-xian County, Mt. Bai-yun, N 34.08 ��, E 112.05 ��, alt. 1400 m, 15���18 July 1996, Coll. Wang B-x., 1 male, 1 female. Si-chuan Province: Shi-mian County, Li-zi-ping Nature Reserve, Zi-ma River administration station, at the gate of the Station, 3.5 km from unnamed paved road at 3.8 km stone marker, N 29.0098 ��, E102.2800��, alt. 2175 m, 0 1 July 2005, Coll. Zhou X., 5 males, 1 female; same data except tributary of Zima river, 1.0 km from unnamed paved road at 3.8 km stone marker, N 28.9927 ��, E 102.2787 ��, alt. 1976 m, 0 1 July 2005, Coll. Zhou C-F., 1 male, 1 female; same data except Zima River at Power Station, 2.8 km from unnamed paved road at 3.8 km stone marker, N 29.0062 ��, E 102.2837 ��, alt. 2090 m, 0 1 July 2005, Coll. C.J. Geraci and J.C. Morse, 1 male. Also Si-chuan Province: Mian-ning County, Jiawu Village, Yan-jian Stream, 100-150 m upstream of S 215 at 410.4 km stone marker, N 28.3641 ��, E 101.9970 ��, alt. 2379 m, 0 3 July 2005, Coll. Zhou X. and Zhou C-f., 2 males, 1 female. Also Si-chuan Province: Zhao-jue County, Er-dan Village, unnamed stream beside S 307 at 537.2 km stone marker, N 27.9181 ��, E 102.6681 ��, alt. 2543 m, 4 July 2005, Coll. Sun C-h., 1 male. Also Si-chuan Province: Wen-chuan County, San-jiang Scenic Area, An-jia-ping Stream, 13.5 km NW San-jiang Town, 7.7 km NW gate, 400 m upstream of bridge, N 30.9636 ��, E 103.3014 ��, alt. 1740 m, 0 9 July 2005, Coll. Zhou C-f., 2 males; same data except N 30.96 ��, E 103.30 ��, Wo-long Town, 3 km from Jiao-mu-shan Village, Pi-tiao Stream, alt. 1900 m, Coll. Chen X-e, 8 males, 1 female. Also Si-chuan Province: Kang-ding County, N30.0��, E 101.9 ��, Peng-ta, 0 1 September 2005, Coll. Shi F-f., 1 male; same data except 29 August 2005, Coll. Shi F-m., 2 males, 1 female. Distribution. China (Si-chuan, He-nan); Myanmar., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on page 18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646, {"references":["Banks, N. (1947) Some neuropterous insects from Szechwan, China. Fieldiana-Zoology, Chicago Natural History Museum, 31, 97 - 107."]}

Plectrocnemia distincta Group Li 1998 Li (1998) recognized 3 synapomorphies for this group: (1) Inferior appendages each with apex slender and abruptly curved mesad, (2) preanal appendages each with a basal plate, and (3) phallobase with a pair of round dorsal plates., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646

Plectrocnemia yunnanensis Hwang 1957 (Fig. 10) Plectrocnemia yunnanensis Hwang 1957: 383 (male); type locality: China (Yun-nan Province: Yong-ren). The original description and illustrations are quite simple. The species is very similar to P. arphachad Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1993 (Thailand), P. forcipata Schmid 1965 (China: Yun-nan), and P. distincta Martynov 1935 (India). As a matter of fact, they could actually be the same species since the drawings of these species are almost identical. We provide here more detailed descriptions and illustrations of P. yunnanensis for further comparison: Adult. Length of each male forewing 11 mm (N = 1). Head of specimen in alcohol brown with light brown antennae, pronotum light brown, meso- and metanota brown, forewings brown with white warts and stripes. Male genitalia. Mesal portion of tergum IX membranous in dorsal view (Fig. 10 C). Tergum X membranous, long, rectangular, with 2 pairs of long, needle-like intermediate appendages in dorsal view (Fig. 10 C), with dorsal pair much more slender than ventral ones. Preanal appendages broadly foliaceous, each with its mesoventral process composed of row of irregular teeth (Fig. 10 F). Inferior appendages long and thick, with distal 1 / 3 slender and abruptly curved mesad (Fig. 10 A). Phallus slender, tubular (Figs. 10 D, 10 E), with oval dorsal plate at end of phallobase, this plate with pair of crinkled structures when viewed dorsally (Fig. 10 E); parameres absent. Specimens examined. Guang-xi Province: Tian-lin County, Mt. Cen-wang-lao Forest Reserve, unnamed tributary of headwaters of Bu-liu River, waterfall at County Road 794 marker 37.9 km, N 24.4128 ��, E 106.3821 ��, alt. 1422 m, 0 8 June 2004, Coll. Yang L-f. and C.J. Geraci., 1 male. Y un-nan Province: Wen-shan County, Sanjiao-tang, 0 9 July 1990, alt. 1300 m, Coll. Li Y-w. and Ke X., 3 males. Distribution. China (Yun-nan, Guang-xi)., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646, {"references":["Malicky, H. & Chantaramongkol, P. (1993) Neue Trichopteren aus Thailand. Teil 1: Rhyacophilidae, Hydrobiosidae, Philopotamidae, Polycentropodidae, Ecnomidae, Psychomyiidae, Actopsychidae, Hydropsychidae (Arbeiten uber thailandische Kocherfliegen Nr. 12). Linzer biologische Beitrage, 25 (1), 433 - 487. (in German).","Schmid, F. (1965) Quelques Trichopteres de Chine II. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage 16 (1 / 2), 127 - 154. (in French).","Martynov., A. V. (1935) On a collection of Trichoptera from the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, 37 (2), 93 - 209."]}

Plectrocnemia distincta Martynov 1935 Plectrocnemia distincta Martynov 1935: 153 ���154, 206, f 53 a���c (male); type locality: India. Tian 1989: 235. We have not seen specimens of this species. Distribution. China (Yun-nan); India., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on page 20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646, {"references":["Martynov., A. V. (1935) On a collection of Trichoptera from the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, 37 (2), 93 - 209."]}

Plectrocnemia conspersa (Curtis 1834) Philopotamus conspersa Curtis 1834: 213 (male); type locality: Britain. Hydropsyche senex Pictet 1834: 219 ���220, pl 5 f 21���33, pl 19 f. 1 a���e (synonymized by Kolenati 1858: 254-255). Crunophila torrentium Kolenati 1859: 145,148, 164, 182, 195, pl 1 f 2 (synonymized by Fischer 1962: 53). Plectrocnemia atomaria Walser 1864: 46 ���47 (synonymized by Fischer 1962: 53; a primary homonym of Plectrocnemia atomaria Kolenati 1859). Plectrocnemiella carelica Nybom 1950: 39 -40, f 1 A-B (synonymized by Malicky 1981: 186). Plectrocnemia conspersa (Curtis); Fischer 1962: 53; Huang et al. 2005: 469. We have not seen Chinese specimens of this species. Distribution. China (Xin-jiang); Europe., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on page 16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646, {"references":["Curtis, J. (1834) Description of some hitherto nondescript British species of mayflies of anglers. London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 4, 120 - 125, 212 - 218.","Pictet, F. J. (1834) Recherches pour servir a l'histoire et l'anatomie des Phryganides. A. Cherbuliez, Geneva, 235 pp. (in French).","Kolenati, F. A. (1859) Systematisches verzeichniss der dem verfasser bekannten Phryganiden und deren synonymik. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 3, 15 - 23, 56 - 59. (in German).","Fischer, F. C. J. (1962) Polycentropodidae, Psychomyidae. Trichopterorum Catalogus 3. Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam, 236 pp.","Walser, O. (1864) Trichoptera Bavarica, die bisher in der Umgebung von Schwabhausen in Oberbayern aufgefundenen Phryganiden, deren bekannte Larven und Gehause, nebst generellen Notizen uber letztere. Ein Beitrag zur bayerischen Neuropteren-Fauna. Bericht des Naturhistorischen Vereins in Augsburg, 17, 29 - 75. (in German).","Nybom, O. (1950) Plectrocnemiella carelica, a new species of Trichoptera. Notulae Entomologicae, 30, 39 - 40.","Malicky, H. (1981) Neues uber mediterrane, vorderasiatische und europaische Kocherfliegen (Trichoptera). Entomofauna, Zeitschrift fur Entomologie, 2, 175 - 188. (in German)."]}

Plectrocnemia jonam (Malicky 1993), new record (Fig. 5) Polyplectropus jonam Malicky 1993: 1114 (male); type locality: India. The male genitalia of the single specimen are closely congruent with those of P. jonam from India, differing only in that the apices of the paramere spines in the Chinese specimens are not obviously armed with teeth as in P. jo na m. Since we do not have sufficient specimens for dissection, we prefer to consider it a variant of P. j o n a m. Specimens examined. Si-chuan Province: Ya-jiang County, N30.0��, E101.0��, 10 km W. of tributary of Yalong River, alt. 2830 m, 14 June 1996, Coll. Yang L-f. and Wang X-h., 1 male. Distribution. China (Si-chuan); India, Vietnam., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on page 7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646

Plectrocnemia monacanthus Zhong, Yang & Morse, sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Adult. Length of each male forewing 4.5 ���5.0 mm (N = 3, where N is the number of individuals measured in this study). Head of specimen in alcohol brown with antennae and warts yellowish brown, pronotum light brown, meso- and metanota brown with yellowish warts, forewings light brown. Male genitalia. Sternum IX strongly produced forward in triangle in lateral view (Fig. 1 B), its posterior margin cut back at 2 / 3 distance from ventral margin to short stake; in ventral view (Fig. 1 A), anterior margin deeply excised in ���V��� shape, rounded posterior excision with small mesal protrusion; tergum IX very lightly sclerotized, triangular in lateral view, membranous apicodorsally. Tergum X semi-membranous, narrowly and shallowly incised apicomesally. Intermediate appendages forming pair of broad plates each with stout, recurved spine. Preanal appendages obliquely erect, about 3 / 4 ths as tall as tergum IX, about 3 times as long as wide, with rounded apex in lateral view; mesoventral processes of preanal appendages forming pair of highly sclerotized, complicated structures, each with 2 slender branches extending beyond posteroventral margin of its preanal appendage, with apex of lower branch curved upward in lateral view; in caudal view (Fig. 1 E), additional small spine set on mesal margin of mesoventral process. Inferior appendages short, about as long as tall, each with distal margin broad and truncate in lateral view (Fig. 1 B); in ventral view (Fig. 1 A), inner surface of apex of each inferior appendage covered with tiny teeth, ventromesal process of each appendage subrectangular, with truncate apex densely covered with tiny teeth; 4���7 apical setae of mesal plate arranged in row in caudal view (1 F), its basal digitate process slender with simple apex. Phallobase approximately as long as, but slightly broader than phallicata, 1 pair of paramere spines about 1.3 times as long as phallobase; pair of phallic sclerites curved downward, stout in basal half and narrowing to acute apices in lateral view (Fig. 1 D), compressed against each other in ventral view. This new species is very similar to P. potchina Mosely 1942 from China (Fu-jian). The male differs from that of P. potchina in the following characters: 1) intermediate appendages forming a pair of broad plates each with a stout, recurved spine (without such structure in P. potchina); 2) the mesoventral processes of the preanal appendages are as long as the inferior appendages in lateral view, each process bearing 2 branches (shorter than the inferior appendages in lateral view, each process bearing 3 branches in P. potchina); and 3) the ventromesal processes of the inferior appendages are subrectangular, each with a broad truncate apex in ventral view, (triangular, with narrow apices in P. potchina). Holotype male: Guang-xi Province: Shang-si County, N 21.89 ��, E 107.90 ��, Mt. Shi-wan-da National Forest Park, 1 st tributary of Shi-tou River, Zhu-jiang-yuan Waterfall, 4 km SW of main entrance to Park, alt. 485 m, 0 6 June 2004, Coll. Zhou X. and K.M. Kjer. Paratypes: Same data as holotype, 2 males. Etymology. Monacanthus, a Greek masculine noun in apposition, meaning ���a single thorn,��� with reference to intermediate appendages each bearing a stout, recurved spine. Distribution. China (Guang-xi)., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on pages 2-3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646, {"references":["Mosely, M. (1942) Chinese Trichoptera: A collection made by Mr. M. S. Yang in Foochow. Ttransactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 92 (2), 343 - 362."]}

Plectrocnemia cryptoparamere Morse, Zhong & Yang sp. n. Fig. 3 Plectrocnemia cryptoparamere Li 1998: 67-68, figs 3.52-3.55, nomen nudum. Type material. Holotype male, PRC, Hu-bei Province, Ma-cheng County, Tong-jian-chong River, 27 km N. of Ma-cheng, 31.10°N, 115.01°E, 12-vii-1990, 150 m elevation, collected by JC Morse & Yang Lian-fang; deposited in NAU. Paratypes. PRC, Hu-bei Province: same data as holotype, 10 males, deposited in NAU (6 males) and CUAC (4 males). PRC, Jiang-xi Province: Mt. Wu-yi National Nature Preserve, Unnamed tributary of Tong-Mu River, 18 km upstream of Mt. Wu-Yi Station, 27.8275°N, 117.74356°E, 1450 m elevation, 02-vi-2005, Coll. Sun Chang-hai, 1 male (NAU). PRC, Guang-dong Province: Zhao-qing City, Ding-hu District, Mt. Ding-hu Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Academia Sinica, Dong Gou at Shui-lian-dong-tian waterfall, 23.1604°N, 112.5250°E, 170 m elevation, 24-v-2004, Coll. CJ Geraci, JC Morse, Sun Chang-hai, 3 males (NAU). Diagnosis. The male genitalia of this species are similar to those of Plectrocnemia plicata Schmid, 1959 and Plectrocnemia wui (Ulmer, 1932) in the shape of the posterolateral margins of sternum IX with a conspicuous division at its middle on each side in lateral view, inferior appendages broad and truncate in lateral view, and preanal appendages each with a long, needle-like mesoventral process. However, the new species has acute posterior dorsolateral margins on sternum IX (these margins are blunt and rectilinear in the other 2 species), narrow and parallel-sided preanal appendages in lateral view (oval in the other 2 species), the ventromesal process of each inferior appendage is triangular in ventral view and broadly connected basally with the body of the appendage (digitate and deeply separated from the body of the appendage in the other 2 species), and it lacks parameres on the phallus (parameres are present in the other 2 species). Description of adult male. Head brown with antennae and palpi pale yellow, pronotum light brown, meso- and metanota brown with yellowish warts, forewings light brown. Length of body with folded wings: 6.8 - 7.2 mm. (n = 5). Male genitalia. Tergum IX fused with tergum X; upper lobes of tergum X semi-membranous, lower lobes of tergum X sclerotized, both upper and lower lobes divided apicomesally, each lobe with rounded apex (Figs 3A, 3C). In lateral view (Fig. 3A), sternum IX narrowed subdorsally, its anterior margins broadly protruding cephalad at middle, posterior margins sinuate, with posterior dorsolateral corners produced in acute, triangular process on each side; anteromesal and posteromesal margins concave, lower posterolateral margins broadly convex (Fig. 3B). Intermediate appendages not well developed, represented only as thickened lateral margins of tergum X, slightly broader at base, narrowing to acute apex. Preanal appendages slightly shorter than tergum X, each broader at base, narrower and straight from basal 1/3rd to rounded apex (Figs 3A, 3C); mesoventral process of each preanal appendage recurved anterad then posterad, needle-like, wrinkled distally, guided by semi-membranous string across genitalia chamber between bases of inferior appendages, this string represented in other species by sclerotized subphallic sclerite. Inferior appendages compressed (flattened from side to side), subquadrate, about as long as tall, with distal margin broad and truncate in lateral view (Fig. 3A), distinctive mesal plate forming short vertical ridge with 2-3 short apicodorsal setae in lateral view (3A); in ventral view (Fig. 3B) ventromesal processes of inferior appendages each triangular with blunt apex covered with tiny teeth; basal digitate process of each inferior appendage mesal plate slender and simple, conspicuously extending beyond mesal plate. Phallus broad at base, more slender and tapered distally, without parameres, with pair of slender phallic sclerites (possibly elongated phallotremal sclerite) visible in ventral and lateral views (Figs 3D, 3E). Female and immature stages. Unknown. Etymology. Crypt, Greek adjective, "hidden," referring to the absence of phallic parameres. Distribution. Oriental Biogeographic Region, China (Hu-bei, Jiang-xi, Guang-dong)., Published as part of Morse, John C., Zhong, Hua & Yang, Lian-fang, 2012, New species of Plectrocnemia and Nyctiophylax (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae) from China, pp. 39-59 in ZooKeys 169 on pages 42-43, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.169.1827

Plectrocnemia plicata Schmid 1959 Plectrocnemia plicata Schmid 1959: 321 ���322, pl. 2, f. 4���5 (male); type locality: China (Yun-nan Province: Li-jiang). Li 1998: 66���67, 338. Specimens examined. He-nan Province: Nei-xiang County, N 33.02 ��, E 111.50 ��, Bao-tian-man, 15 July 1996, Coll. Wang B-x., 1 male. Si-chuan Province: 1 male, Tian-quan County, Xiao-yu Stream, tributary of Tian-quan River, 100 m upstream of Xiao-yu Stream Bridge, highway no. 318 at 2693.5km stone marker, N 30.0234, E 102.5622, alt. 1005 m, 28 June 2005, Coll. Sun C-h. and J.C. Morse. Distribution. China (Yun-nan, Si-chuan, He-nan)., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on page 9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646, {"references":["Schmid, F. (1959) Quelques Trichopteres de Chine (Integripalpia). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 35 (2), 321 - 344. (in French)."]}

Plectrocnemia verticalis Morse, Zhong & Yang sp. n. Fig. 1 Plectrocnemia verticalis Li 1998: 51-52, figs 3.7-3.9, nomen nudum. Type material. Holotype male, PRC, Yun-nan Province, Ji-ping County, Kun-he Village, 10 km N of A-de-bo Township, 22.80°N, 103.30°E, 1350 m elevation, 19-vii-1990, collected by Li You-wen, Ke Xin; deposited in NAU. Diagnosis. The male genitalia of the species are somewhat similar to those of Plectrocnemia banksi Fischer, 1962, in that each preanal appendage has a dorsal process and the inferior appendages are concave on their subapicomesal margins. However, the preanal appendages are somewhat crescentic in lateral view and the apex of the lower arm of each preanal appendage is acute with a hairy wart on the ventral margin near the middle in the new species, characters which are unique in the genus. Description of adult male: Color of unique (holotype) specimen in alcohol generally yellowish brown. Length of body with folded wings: 7.0 mm. Male genitalia: Tergum IX semi-membranous, with pair of setose patches posteriorly; sternum IX with anteromesal margin convex and posteromesal margin deeply excised except for small, median, triangular protrusion (Fig. 1B), posterolateral margins each with triangular incision at 1/3rd distance from dorsal margin (Fig. 1A). Tergum X semi-sclerotized, broadly trapezoidal, and with base covered by tergum IX in dorsal view (Fig. 1C). Intermediate appendages, set basolaterally from X, each slender, curved posterodorsad, forked in distal half, with longer ventral branch bearing long, apical seta (Figs 1A, 1C, 1D). Preanal appendages somewhat crescentic in lateral view (Fig. 1A); each with slender, setose dorsal process directed posterad and shorter than tergum X; lower branch longer than tergum X and shorter than inferior appendages, with hairy wart on ventral margin near middle and with apex acute; ventrobasal branch of each preanal appendage vertical, thick, and thumb-like. Subphallic sclerite absent. Inferior appendages sclerotized, each compressed, broadly foliaceous, tapering from middle to apex in lateral view (Fig. 1A); in ventral view (Fig. 1B) densely covered with short, stout setae and concave mesally on distal 1/3rd, each with small mound basomesally. Phallus (Fig. 1E) tube-like, with pair of lanciform projections arising subapicoventrally and exceeding apex of phallic tube, each with row of ventral hairs; without paramere spines or internal phallic sclerites.. Female and immature stages. Unknown. Etymology: Verticalis, Latin adjective, "vertical," referring to the vertical ventrobasal branch of each preanal appendage. Distribution. Oriental Biogeographic Region, China (Yun-nan). The species, known only from the holotype, has been found only at the type location in southern Yun-nan Province., Published as part of Morse, John C., Zhong, Hua & Yang, Lian-fang, 2012, New species of Plectrocnemia and Nyctiophylax (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae) from China, pp. 39-59 in ZooKeys 169 on page 41, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.169.1827

Plectrocnemia cryptoparamere Morse, Zhong & Yang sp. n. Fig. 3 Plectrocnemia cryptoparamere Li 1998: 67-68, figs 3.52-3.55, nomen nudum. Type material. Holotype male, PRC, Hu-bei Province, Ma-cheng County, Tong-jian-chong River, 27 km N. of Ma-cheng, 31.10°N, 115.01°E, 12-vii-1990, 150 m elevation, collected by JC Morse & Yang Lian-fang; deposited in NAU. Paratypes. PRC, Hu-bei Province: same data as holotype, 10 males, deposited in NAU (6 males) and CUAC (4 males). PRC, Jiang-xi Province: Mt. Wu-yi National Nature Preserve, Unnamed tributary of Tong-Mu River, 18 km upstream of Mt. Wu-Yi Station, 27.8275°N, 117.74356°E, 1450 m elevation, 02-vi-2005, Coll. Sun Chang-hai, 1 male (NAU). PRC, Guang-dong Province: Zhao-qing City, Ding-hu District, Mt. Ding-hu Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Academia Sinica, Dong Gou at Shui-lian-dong-tian waterfall, 23.1604°N, 112.5250°E, 170 m elevation, 24-v-2004, Coll. CJ Geraci, JC Morse, Sun Chang-hai, 3 males (NAU). Diagnosis. The male genitalia of this species are similar to those of Plectrocnemia plicata Schmid, 1959 and Plectrocnemia wui (Ulmer, 1932) in the shape of the posterolateral margins of sternum IX with a conspicuous division at its middle on each side in lateral view, inferior appendages broad and truncate in lateral view, and preanal appendages each with a long, needle-like mesoventral process. However, the new species has acute posterior dorsolateral margins on sternum IX (these margins are blunt and rectilinear in the other 2 species), narrow and parallel-sided preanal appendages in lateral view (oval in the other 2 species), the ventromesal process of each inferior appendage is triangular in ventral view and broadly connected basally with the body of the appendage (digitate and deeply separated from the body of the appendage in the other 2 species), and it lacks parameres on the phallus (parameres are present in the other 2 species). Description of adult male. Head brown with antennae and palpi pale yellow, pronotum light brown, meso- and metanota brown with yellowish warts, forewings light brown. Length of body with folded wings: 6.8 - 7.2 mm. (n = 5). Male genitalia. Tergum IX fused with tergum X; upper lobes of tergum X semi-membranous, lower lobes of tergum X sclerotized, both upper and lower lobes divided apicomesally, each lobe with rounded apex (Figs 3A, 3C). In lateral view (Fig. 3A), sternum IX narrowed subdorsally, its anterior margins broadly protruding cephalad at middle, posterior margins sinuate, with posterior dorsolateral corners produced in acute, triangular process on each side; anteromesal and posteromesal margins concave, lower posterolateral margins broadly convex (Fig. 3B). Intermediate appendages not well developed, represented only as thickened lateral margins of tergum X, slightly broader at base, narrowing to acute apex. Preanal appendages slightly shorter than tergum X, each broader at base, narrower and straight from basal 1/3rd to rounded apex (Figs 3A, 3C); mesoventral process of each preanal appendage recurved anterad then posterad, needle-like, wrinkled distally, guided by semi-membranous string across genitalia chamber between bases of inferior appendages, this string represented in other species by sclerotized subphallic sclerite. Inferior appendages compressed (flattened from side to side), subquadrate, about as long as tall, with distal margin broad and truncate in lateral view (Fig. 3A), distinctive mesal plate forming short vertical ridge with 2-3 short apicodorsal setae in lateral view (3A); in ventral view (Fig. 3B) ventromesal processes of inferior appendages each triangular with blunt apex covered with tiny teeth; basal digitate process of each inferior appendage mesal plate slender and simple, conspicuously extending beyond mesal plate. Phallus broad at base, more slender and tapered distally, without parameres, with pair of slender phallic sclerites (possibly elongated phallotremal sclerite) visible in ventral and lateral views (Figs 3D, 3E). Female and immature stages. Unknown. Etymology. Crypt, Greek adjective, "hidden," referring to the absence of phallic parameres. Distribution. Oriental Biogeographic Region, China (Hu-bei, Jiang-xi, Guang-dong).

Plectrocnemia qianshanensis Morse, Zhong & Yang sp. n. Fig. 4 Plectrocnemia qianshanensis Li 1998: 68-69, figs 3.56-3.59, nomen nudum. Type material. Holotype male, PRC, Jiang-xi Province, Qian-shan County, Shi-long, 27.20°N, 114.08°E, 24-vii-1993, collected by Lu Liang; deposited in NAU. Paratypes. PRC, Jiang-xi Province: Mt. Jiu-lian National Nature Preserve, confluence of Huang-niu-shi & Da-shui-keng Streams, 1.2 km SE of Dun-tou Village, 24.5256°N, 114.4225°E, 546 m elevation, 09-vi-2005, Coll. Sun Chang-hai, 2 males (NAU). PRC, An-hui Province: Qi-men County, 29.8°N, 117.7°E, Peng-long Township, Yang Village, 122 km on Provincial Road, 25-viii-2002, Coll. Hu Ben-jin, Lu Shuang, 1 male (NAU). PRC, Shaan-xi Province: Fu-ping County, Long-cao-ping Village, 1100 m elevation, 03-vi-1998, coll. Sun Chang-hai, 1 male (NAU). Diagnosis. The male genitalia of this species are similar to those of Plectrocnemia plicata and Plectrocnemia wui in the shape of the posterolateral margins of sternum IX, with a conspicuous division at the middle, in the inferior appendages being broad and truncate in lateral view. However, in this new species, although the preanal appendages are narrow and parallel-sided as in Plectrocnemia cryptoparamere, these appendages are distinctly shorter than tergum X (subequal in the other 3 species). The posterior dorsolateral corners of sternum IX are rounded on each side in this species (blunt and rectilinear in Plectrocnemia plicata and Plectrocnemia wui, acute in Plectrocnemia cryptoparamere). A subphallic sclerite is present in this new species (absent in the other 3 species). Like Plectrocnemia cryptoparamere, the ventromesal process of each inferior appendage is triangular in ventral view and broadly connected basally with the body of the appendage (digitate and deeply separated from the body of the appendage in Plectrocnemia plicata and Plectrocnemia wui), but the main body of each inferior appendage is apically truncate in ventral view in this species (rounded in the other 3 species). As in Plectrocnemia plicata and Plectrocnemia wui, the phallus of this species bears paramere spines (parameres are lacking in Plectrocnemia cryptoparamere). The new species has the mesoventral process of each preanal appendage forked (unforked in the other 3 species). Description of adult male. Head brown with antennae and palpi pale yellow, pronotum light brown, meso- and metanota brown with yellowish warts, forewings greyish brown. Length of body with folded wings: 6.0-6.5 mm. (n=4). Male genitalia. Tergum IX semimembranous apically, fused with semimembranous tergum X (t.X), these fused terga as long as inferior appendages (Figs 4A, 4C). In ventral view (Fig. 4B) anteromesal margin of sternum IX narrowly excised, posteromesal margin broadly excised; in lateral view (Fig. 4A) sternum IX subtriangular, anterior margin broadly rounded and projecting anterad; posterior margin sinuate, with upper half protruding posterad beyond lower half. Intermediate appendages absent. Preanal appendages slightly shorter than fused terga IX and X, about 4 times as long as wide in lateral view (Fig. 4A), each parallel-sided, with rounded apex; mesoventral process of each preanal appendage heavily sclerotized, divided into upper and lower branches at middle and both curved dorsad, with upper branch nearly vertical and apically blunt in lateral view, lower branch slightly more slender and acute, and exceeding slightly beyond apex of preanal appendages; subphallic sclerite long, its paired apices almost reaching tips of inferior appendages in lateral view, in caudal view (Fig. 4E) united basomesally with each other, each with setose, thumb-like apex directed caudolaterad. Inferior appendages each about 1.5 times as long as its mid width, narrowed at base and with distal margin broad and sinuously truncate in lateral view (Fig. 4A); in ventral view (Fig. 4B) ventromesal process of each inferior appendage quadrate, with mesal end covered with tiny teeth (Figs 4B, 4D); vertical mesal plate with basal digitate process (dig.pro.) conspicuous, slender, simple, hooked laterad; in caudal view (Fig. 4D) mesal plate well developed with 2 stout apicodorsal setae on elongate process, and additionally with 1 short, blunt, setose lobe between elongate process and basal digitate process. Phallus with broad phallobase, more-slender and parallel-sided phallicata, pair of long, paramere spines (para.); pair of phallotremal sclerites (or phallic sclerites) slender, about as long as phallicata (Fig. 4F). Female and immature stages. Unknown. Etymology. The species is named after the holotype locality. Distribution. East Palearctic and Oriental Biogeographic Regions, China (Jiang-xi, An-hui, Shaan-xi)., Published as part of Morse, John C., Zhong, Hua & Yang, Lian-fang, 2012, New species of Plectrocnemia and Nyctiophylax (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae) from China, pp. 39-59 in ZooKeys 169 on pages 43-45, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.169.1827

Plectrocnemia maoerensis Zhong, Yang & Morse, sp. nov. (Fig. 3) Adult. Length of each male forewing 6.5���6.8 mm (N = 5). Head of specimens in alcohol brown with yellowish antennae, pronotum brownish with pale brown warts, meso- and metanota light brown, forewings gray. Male genitalia. Sternum IX highly sclerotized, ventral half oval anteriorly in lateral view (Fig. 3 B), posterior margins sinuate, each with triangular protrusion subdorsally; in ventral view (Fig. 3 A), anterior margin with semicircular excision, posterior margin broadly concave; tergum IX translucent, semi-sclerotized, obtusely pentagonal in dorsal view (Fig. 3 C). Tergum X lightly sclerotized, with V-shaped apicomesal incision in dorsal view; deep, subtriangular lobe in lateral view (Fig. 3 B). Intermediate appendages not well developed, represented as thickenings of ventrolateral margins of tergum X, elongate and crescentic in lateral view (Fig. 3 B), with bases broad, oval in dorsal view (Fig. 3 C). Preanal appendages rectangular in lateral view (Fig. 3 B), about 2.3 times as long as wide; mesoventral processes long, slender, recurved caudad, and each with its distal 1 / 3 rd highly elevated and crinkled apically (Fig. 3 D). Inferior appendages short, rectangular, broad apically, each with ventral margin approximately 1.3 times as long as its average width in lateral view (Fig. 3 B); in ventral view (Fig. 3 A), distal margin broadly round; mesal plates with digitate processes slender, each with apex densely toothed and directed mesoventrad, mesal plate bearing 2 stout subapical setae (Fig. 3 F); ventromesal processes broad at bases, narrowing to round apices, each densely covered with fine teeth. Phallus tubular, highly compressed, phallobase approximately as long as phallicata, 1 pair of paramere spines highly sclerotized, almost as long as dorsal margin of phallobase; pair of phallic sclerites slender, sinuate and acute at their anterior and posterior ends in lateral view (Fig. 3 E); apex of subphallic sclerite 3 -branched in ventral view (Fig. 3 G). This new species is very similar to P. plicata Schmid 1959 from China (Yun-nan). The male differs from that of P. plicata in the following characters: 1) the ventrolateral process of tergum X is elongate and crescentic in lateral view, with an oval base in dorsal view (strip-like in both lateral and ventral views in P. plicata); 2) the subphallic sclerite is divided into 3 branches apically (2 branches in P. plicata); and 3) the inferior appendages each have a ventral margin about 1.3 times as long as wide in lateral view; its mesal plate has 2 stout subapical setae (each inferior appendage 2 times as long as wide in lateral view; its mesal plate has 5���6 subapical setae arranged in a row in P. plicata). Holotype male: Guang-xi Province: Xing-an County, Mt. Mao-er National Nature Reserve, bridge and dam on unnamed tributary of Xun-Jiang River, N 25.89 ��, E 110.43 ��, 13.0 km N of Jiu-niu-tang Gate, alt. 1965 m, 17 June 2004, Coll. Yang L-f. and J.C. Morse. Paratypes: Guang-xi Province: same data as holotype, 12 males; same data except 17.6 km N of Jiu-niu-tang Gate, N 25.87 ��, E 110.41 ��, alt. 1977 m, 17 June 2004, Coll. Sun C-h. and K.M. Kjer, 2 males. Etymology. The species name is derived from the type locality, Mt. Mao-er. Distribution. China (Guang-xi)., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on pages 4-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646, {"references":["Schmid, F. (1959) Quelques Trichopteres de Chine (Integripalpia). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 35 (2), 321 - 344. (in French)."]}

Plectrocnemia ondakeana Tsuda 1942, new record Plectrocnemia ondakeana Tsuda 1942: 261 ���262 (male); type locality: Japan. Ohkawa & Ito 2007: 186 ���188. Our specimens are almost identical with the description and illustrations of this species by Ohkawa & Ito 2007. Specimens examined. Si-chuan Province: Mei-gu County, Mei-gu, Da-feng-ding National Nature Reserve, Shu-wo village, Cha-cha-kou stream, N 28.76 ��, E 103.25 ��, alt. 1671 m, 6 July 2005, Coll. Sun C-h., 2 males; same except Gong-fan-yi stream, N 28.76 ��, E 103.26 ��, alt. 1653 m, 6 July 2005, Coll. Zhou X., 11 males; same except Cha-cha-kou stream alt. 1650 m, N 28.76 ��, E 103.25 ��, 6 July 2005, Coll. C.J. Geraci and J.C. Morse, 13 males. Distribution. China (Si-chuan); Japan., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on pages 7-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646, {"references":["Tsuda, M. (1942) Japanische Trichopteren I. Systematik. Memoirs of the College of Science, Kyoto Imperial University, Series B, 17 (1, 6), 241 - 339. (in German).","Ohkawa, A. & Ito, T. (2007) The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens of Japan (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae). Limnology, 8, 183 - 210."]}

Plectrocnemia dichotoma Wang & Yang 1998 Plectrocnemia dichotoma Wang & Yang 1998 in Wang et al. 1998: 153���154 (male); type locality: China (Zhe-jiang Province: An-ji, Mt. Long-wang). The holotype is missing. We have not seen specimens of this species. Distribution. China (Zhe-jiang)., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on page 23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646

Plectrocnemia huangi Zhong, Yang & Morse, sp. nov. (Fig. 2) Adult. Length of each male forewing 4.5���6.4 mm (N = 6). Head of specimens in alcohol light brown with yellowish antennae, pronotum dark yellow, meso- and metanota light brown, forewings dark yellow. Male genitalia. Sternum IX, obtuse triangle anteriorly, much taller than its length in lateral view (Fig. 2 B); in ventral view (Fig. 2 A), anterior margin deeply excised in ���V��� shape, rounded posterior excision shallow and smooth, without mesal protrusion; tergum IX elliptical in lateral view, very lightly sclerotized, almost membranous dorsally. Tergum X lightly sclerotized, long and deep, somewhat roof-like, with truncate apex narrowly and shallowly incised apicomesally in dorsal view (Fig. 2 C). Intermediate appendages absent. Preanal appendages about 2 times as long as broad, each with blunt apex, without mesoventral process. Inferior appendages nearly quadrate, approximately as long as tall, each with subapicodorsal notch on its distal margin in lateral view (Fig. 2 B); in ventral view (Fig. 2 A), apex of ventromesal process of each appendage round, densely covered with fine teeth; digitate process of mesal plate long, extending beyond its appendage, with capitate apex covered with fine teeth and curved downward; in caudal view (Fig. 2 F), apical setae of mesal plate 6���8 in row. Phallus long, tubular; phallobase half as long as phallicata; pair of parameres long, slender, needle-like, evenly downcurved, at least twice as long as phallobase; phallic sclerites composed of 2 flat spines appressed against each other at their 2 ends in ventral view (Fig. 2 E); in lateral view (Fig. 2 D), each with distal half curved ventrad and narrowing to acute, upturned apex; subphallic sclerite present, somewhat trapezoidal in ventral view (Fig. 2 E), with laterodistal ends strongly produced and curved ventrad. This new species is very similar to P. jonam (Malicky 1993) from China (Si-chuan). The male differs from that of P. jonam in the following characters: 1) the preanal appendages are each without a mesoventral process (with a mesoventral process curved dorsad in P. jonam); 2) a phallic sclerite is well developed in 2 flat spines appressed against each other at its 2 ends in ventral view (absent in P. jonam); 3) the digitate process of each mesal plate has its apex curved downward and the mesal plate has a row of 6���8 setae subapically (the digitate process of each mesal plate has a capitate apex that is not curved downward and has only 2 subapical setae in P. jonam); and 4) the preanal appendages are about 2 times as long as broad in lateral view (about as long as wide in P. jonam). Holotype male: An-hui Province: Qi-men County, N 29.8 ��, E 117.7 ��, Li Stream, 50 m upstream of Shuang-hekou, tributary of Tang-yun-li, 30 May 2002, Coll. Shan L-n. and Hu B-j. Paratypes: Same data as holotype, 4 males; Zhe-jiang Province: Mt. Tian-mu (N 30.4 ��, E 119.5 ��), Xian-rending, alt. 1500 m, 23 August 1998, Coll. Zhao M-s., 1 male; Mt. Tian-mu (N 30.4 ��, E 119.5 ��), Da-heng Road, alt. 200 m, 31 August 1998, Coll. Zhao M-s., 2 males; Mt. Tian-mu (N 30.4 ��, E 119.5 ��), Kai-shan-lao-dian, alt. 1090 m, 31 August 1998, Coll. Zhao M-s., 1 male; same data except 14 July 1999, 1 male; Mt. Tian-mu (N 30.4 ��, E 119.5 ��), Technology Museum, alt. 380 m, 14 September 1998, Coll. Wu H., 1 male. Etymology. This new species is named in honor of the late Mr. Huang Qi-lin (=Hwang Chi-ling), pioneer of Chinese trichopterology, Professor of Nanjing Agricultural University. Distribution. China (An-hui, Zhe-jiang)., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on pages 3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646

Plectrocnemia qianshanensis Morse, Zhong & Yang 2012 Plectrocnemia qianshanensis Morse, Zhong & Yang 2012: 46 ���48, f. 4 (male); type locality: China (Jiang-xi Province: Qianshan). Distribution. China (Jiang-xi, An-hui, Shaan-xi)., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646, {"references":["Morse, J. C., Zhong, H. & Yang, L. - f. (2012) New species of Plectrocnemia and Nyctiophylax (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae) from China. Zookeys, 169, 39 - 59."]}

Plectrocnemia potchina Mosely 1942 Plectrocnemia potchina Mosely 1942: 345, 361, f. 32���37 (male); type locality: China (Fu-jian Province: Fu-zhou). Li & Morse 1998: 69-70, 340, 342. We have not seen specimens of this species. Distribution. China (Fu-jian)., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646, {"references":["Mosely, M. (1942) Chinese Trichoptera: A collection made by Mr. M. S. Yang in Foochow. Ttransactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 92 (2), 343 - 362."]}

Plectrocnemia qianshanensis Morse, Zhong & Yang sp. n. Fig. 4 Plectrocnemia qianshanensis Li 1998: 68-69, figs 3.56-3.59, nomen nudum. Type material. Holotype male, PRC, Jiang-xi Province, Qian-shan County, Shi-long, 27.20°N, 114.08°E, 24-vii-1993, collected by Lu Liang; deposited in NAU. Paratypes. PRC, Jiang-xi Province: Mt. Jiu-lian National Nature Preserve, confluence of Huang-niu-shi & Da-shui-keng Streams, 1.2 km SE of Dun-tou Village, 24.5256°N, 114.4225°E, 546 m elevation, 09-vi-2005, Coll. Sun Chang-hai, 2 males (NAU). PRC, An-hui Province: Qi-men County, 29.8°N, 117.7°E, Peng-long Township, Yang Village, 122 km on Provincial Road, 25-viii-2002, Coll. Hu Ben-jin, Lu Shuang, 1 male (NAU). PRC, Shaan-xi Province: Fu-ping County, Long-cao-ping Village, 1100 m elevation, 03-vi-1998, coll. Sun Chang-hai, 1 male (NAU). Diagnosis. The male genitalia of this species are similar to those of Plectrocnemia plicata and Plectrocnemia wui in the shape of the posterolateral margins of sternum IX, with a conspicuous division at the middle, in the inferior appendages being broad and truncate in lateral view. However, in this new species, although the preanal appendages are narrow and parallel-sided as in Plectrocnemia cryptoparamere, these appendages are distinctly shorter than tergum X (subequal in the other 3 species). The posterior dorsolateral corners of sternum IX are rounded on each side in this species (blunt and rectilinear in Plectrocnemia plicata and Plectrocnemia wui, acute in Plectrocnemia cryptoparamere). A subphallic sclerite is present in this new species (absent in the other 3 species). Like Plectrocnemia cryptoparamere, the ventromesal process of each inferior appendage is triangular in ventral view and broadly connected basally with the body of the appendage (digitate and deeply separated from the body of the appendage in Plectrocnemia plicata and Plectrocnemia wui), but the main body of each inferior appendage is apically truncate in ventral view in this species (rounded in the other 3 species). As in Plectrocnemia plicata and Plectrocnemia wui, the phallus of this species bears paramere spines (parameres are lacking in Plectrocnemia cryptoparamere). The new species has the mesoventral process of each preanal appendage forked (unforked in the other 3 species). Description of adult male. Head brown with antennae and palpi pale yellow, pronotum light brown, meso- and metanota brown with yellowish warts, forewings greyish brown. Length of body with folded wings: 6.0-6.5 mm. (n=4). Male genitalia. Tergum IX semimembranous apically, fused with semimembranous tergum X (t.X), these fused terga as long as inferior appendages (Figs 4A, 4C). In ventral view (Fig. 4B) anteromesal margin of sternum IX narrowly excised, posteromesal margin broadly excised; in lateral view (Fig. 4A) sternum IX subtriangular, anterior margin broadly rounded and projecting anterad; posterior margin sinuate, with upper half protruding posterad beyond lower half. Intermediate appendages absent. Preanal appendages slightly shorter than fused terga IX and X, about 4 times as long as wide in lateral view (Fig. 4A), each parallel-sided, with rounded apex; mesoventral process of each preanal appendage heavily sclerotized, divided into upper and lower branches at middle and both curved dorsad, with upper branch nearly vertical and apically blunt in lateral view, lower branch slightly more slender and acute, and exceeding slightly beyond apex of preanal appendages; subphallic sclerite long, its paired apices almost reaching tips of inferior appendages in lateral view, in caudal view (Fig. 4E) united basomesally with each other, each with setose, thumb-like apex directed caudolaterad. Inferior appendages each about 1.5 times as long as its mid width, narrowed at base and with distal margin broad and sinuously truncate in lateral view (Fig. 4A); in ventral view (Fig. 4B) ventromesal process of each inferior appendage quadrate, with mesal end covered with tiny teeth (Figs 4B, 4D); vertical mesal plate with basal digitate process (dig.pro.) conspicuous, slender, simple, hooked laterad; in caudal view (Fig. 4D) mesal plate well developed with 2 stout apicodorsal setae on elongate process, and additionally with 1 short, blunt, setose lobe between elongate process and basal digitate process. Phallus with broad phallobase, more-slender and parallel-sided phallicata, pair of long, paramere spines (para.); pair of phallotremal sclerites (or phallic sclerites) slender, about as long as phallicata (Fig. 4F). Female and immature stages. Unknown. Etymology. The species is named after the holotype locality. Distribution. East Palearctic and Oriental Biogeographic Regions, China (Jiang-xi, An-hui, Shaan-xi).

Plectrocnemia aurea Ulmer 1905 Plectrocnemia aurea Ulmer 1905: 101 ���103, pl 4 f 130 (male); type locality: India. Tian & Li 1987: 247. We have not seen specimens of this species. Distribution. China (Tibet: Ya-dong-xia-si-ma); India (Sikkim)., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on page 22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646, {"references":["Ulmer, G. (1905) Zur Kenntnis aussereuropaisher Trichopteren. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 66, 1 - 119, pls. 1 - 4. (in German).","Tian, L. - x. & Li, Y. - w. (1987) Trichoptera. In: Zhang, S-M. (Ed.), Agricultural Insects, Spiders, Plant Diseases and Weeds of Xizang (Volume. 1), Tibet Peoples' Press, Lhasa, pp. 241 - 250. (in Chinese)."]}

Plectrocnemia forcipata Schmid 1965 Plectrocnemia forcipata Schmid 1965: 145, pl. VI, f. 8���10 (male); type locality: China (Yun-nan Province: Li-jiang). Li 1998: 58���59, 330. We have not seen specimens of this species. Distribution. China (Yun-nan); India., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on page 20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646, {"references":["Schmid, F. (1965) Quelques Trichopteres de Chine II. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage 16 (1 / 2), 127 - 154. (in French)."]}

Plectrocnemia bifurcata Tian 1992 Plectrocnemia bifurcata Tian 1992 in Tian et al. 1992: 878 (male); type locality: China (Yun-nan Province: Lu-shui). We have not seen specimens of this species. Distribution. China (Yun-nan)., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on page 16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646

Plectrocnemia punjabica Group Li 1998 Li (1998) recognized one synapomorphy for this group: Inferior appendages slender, each with a “basodorsal tooth.” To this, we added: The basodorsal tooth usually is long, hook-like. We label this structure as the basodorsal process of an inferior appendage. In addition, the inferior appendages each always has a setose basomesal lobe. The members of this group also share the following diagnostic characters: The parameres of the phallus are absent and the inferior appendages are without ventromesal processes, mesal plates, and digitate processes. Plectrocnemia fanjingensis Zhong, Yang & Morse, sp. nov. (Fig. 6) Adult. Length of each male forewing 6.7–7.5 mm (N = 3). Head of specimens in alcohol brown with pale yellowish antennae, pronotum yellowish, meso- and metanota brown with yellowish warts, wings brown. Male genitalia. Sternum IX highly sclerotized, in lateral view (Fig. 6 B) ventral half long, its anterior margin protruding, round, and its posterior margin abruptly protruding, truncate; subdorsal half short, forming narrow transverse band, posterior margin incised in ~ 100 ° angle between subdorsal half and ventral half; in ventral view (Fig. 6 A), anterior margin with small V-shape incision and posterior margin slightly protruding at middle; tergum IX semi-membranous, tongue-like in dorsal (Fig. 6 C) and caudal (Fig. 6 F) views. Tergum X slightly sclerotized, with mesal incision in dorsal view (Fig. 6 C), lateral margins slightly thickened and each with slender digitate projection bearing 2–3 setae apically. Intermediate appendages long and broad, highly sclerotized, each with hooked apex directed laterad (Fig. 6 C). Preanal appendages each narrow at base, gradually expanding to broad apex with apical margin irregularly incised and approximately 3 times as wide as base (Figs. 6 B, 6 C). Inferior appendages long and parallel-sided, ~ 6 times as long as average width in lateral view (Fig. 6 B), each with its distal half evenly curved dorsad and with thick hook on basodorsal edge; mesobasal setose lobe present; in ventral view (Fig. 6 A), broad at base, each with distal 3 / 4 ths gradually narrowed to blunt apex. Phallus with phallobase long and slightly sclerotized, phallicata short, semi-membranous, with pair of phallic sclerites slender, embracing phallotremal sclerite and with their distal halves fused to each other; parameres absent (Figs. 6 D, 6 E). This new species is very similar to P. tsukuiensis (Kobayashi 1984), from Japan. It differs in the following characters: 1) Preanal appendages are expanded apically, each with its broad apical margin irregularly incised (broadest at middle, gradually narrowing to blunt apex in P. t s u k u i e n s i s); 2) tergum X has slender, digitate lateral projections, and intermediate appendages do not extend beyond the preanal appendages in lateral view (without digitate projections and intermediate appendages extending beyond preanal appendages in P. tsukuiensis); 3) sternum IX is as tall as long in lateral view and its anterior margins are strongly protruded forward in a semicircle (gently protruded anteriorly and taller than long in lateral view in P. t s uk u ie n s is). Holotype male: Gui-zhou Province: Mt. Fan-jing, N 27.55 °, E 108.41 °, Yu-ao, alt. 900 m, 4 June 1995, Coll. Sun C-h. and Wang B-x. Paratype: Same data as holotype, 2 males. Etymology. The species name is derived from “Mt. Fan-jing,” the type locality of this new species. Distribution. China (Gui-zhou). Plectrocnemia platilobus Zhong, Yang & Morse, sp. nov. (Fig. 7) Adult. Length of each male forewing 6.4–7.5 mm (N = 6). Head of specimens in alcohol brown with dark yellowish antennae, pronotum dark yellowish, meso- and metanota brown with yellowish warts, wings brown. Male genitalia. Sternum IX highly sclerotized, ventral half with anteroventral bulge subrectangular and subdorsal sclerotization produced dorsad in acute angle in lateral view (7 B); in ventral view (Fig. 7 A), anterior margin slightly incised, posterior margin broadly excised; tergum IX weakly sclerotized, broadly triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 7 C). Tergum X semi-membranous. Intermediate appendages highly sclerotized, horn-like in dorsal view (Fig. 7 C), each stout in basal 3 / 4 ths and with acute apex in lateral view (Fig. 7 B), in caudoventral view (Fig. 7 E) each with small cylindrical projection bearing apical seta. Preanal appendages broadly foliaceous, approximately as long as wide, each with apicodorsal end produced in acute process in lateral view (Fig. 7 B). Inferior appendages broad basally, gradually reducing to narrow apices, each with dorsal margin slightly protruding near middle in lateral view (Fig. 7 B); in ventral view (Fig. 7 A), each appendage with small setose lobe basomesally, distal 3 / 5 ths of each appendage digitate and angled mesad; basodorsal process slender, falciform in ventral view (Fig. 7 A), curved mesad, with narrow apices of opposing processes tilted and crossing each other. Phallus thick, tubular; phallobase and phallicata both sclerotized; pair of phallic sclerites blade-liked in lateral (Fig. 7 D) and ventral (Fig. 7 F) views; parameres absent. This new species is very similar to P. acanthos Mey 1996 from Vietnam. The male differs from that of P. acanthos in the following characters: 1) Preanal appendages each have an acute process on its apicodorsal end in lateral view (without any protrusions in P. acanthus); 2) the intermediate appendages each has a small cylindrical process on its outer margin, this process bearing an apical seta (without any projection in P. acanthus); 3) the inferior appendages are slightly elbowed in ventral view and the basodorsal process of each inferior appendage is slender and falciform in lateral view (not elbowed in ventral view, and each with its basodorsal process triangular in lateral view in P. acanthus). Holotype male: Si-chuan Province: Mei-gu County, Mei-gu Da-feng-ding National Nature Reserve, Long-wo Village, Wo-qi-wo Stream, 3.7 km E of Long-wo, N 28.7727 °, E 103.2099 °, alt. 1700 m, 0 6 July 2005, Coll. Zhou C-f. Paratypes: Si-chuan Province: Shi-mian County, Li-zi-ping Nature Reserve, Ca-luo Village, Hai-zi-gou Stream, 3 rd-level Hydropower Station, 4.3 km S of G 108 from 2600.8 km stone marker, N 29.1395 °, E 102.3695 °, alt. 1390 m, 30 June 2005, Coll. Zhou X. and J.C. Morse, 1 male; Zi-ma River Station, Zi-ma stream at gate of the station, 3.5 km from unnamed paved road at 3.8 km stone marker, N 29.0098 °, E102.2800°, alt. 2175 m, 0 1 July 2005, Coll. Zhou X., 2 males. Also Si-chuan Province: Lu-ding County, Leng-zhu-guan Village, Leng-zhu-guan stream, 100-200 m upstream of G 318 at 2815.2 km stone marker, N 30.0520 º, E 102.1576 º, alt. 1430 m, 29 Jun 2005, Coll. Zhou C-f., 1 male. Also Si-chuan Province: Wen-chuan County, San-jiang Scenic Area, Zhong River, 8.4 km NW San-jiang Town, 2.6 km NW gate, at waterfall 100 m upstream of bridge, N 30.9506 °, E 103.2921 °, alt. 1465 m, 0 9 July 2005, Coll. J.C. Morse, 1 male. Etymology. Greek adjective platys combined with masculine Greek noun lobos, forming a masculine noun in apposition to Plectrocnemia, “flat lobe” or “broad leaf,” with reference to the broadly foliaceous preanal appendages. Distribution. China (Si-chuan). Plectrocnemia paragryphalis Zhong, Yang & Morse, sp. nov. (Fig. 8) Adult. Length of each male forewing 5.6 mm (N = 1). Head and antennae of specimen in alcohol brown, pronotum yellowish, meso- and metanota brown with yellowish warts, wings brown. Male genitalia. Sternum IX highly sclerotized, ventral half subtriangular and with dorsal margin forming narrow angle in lateral view (Fig. 8 B); in ventral view (Fig. 8 A), anterior margin excised in wide V- or U-shape and posterior margin broadly concave with slight mesal protuberance; tergum IX slightly sclerotized, long, trapezoid in dorsal view (Fig. 8 C). Tergum X semi-membranous, with deep apicomesal incision, each apical half with 2 stout setae apicolaterally (Figs. 8 C, 8 D). Intermediate appendages highly sclerotized, long and needle-like, with broad bases embracing phallobase lateroventrally in ventral view (Fig. 8 D). Preanal appendages foliaceous in lateral view (Fig. 8 B), each broad at base, triangular apically; its mesoventral process large, directed horizontally caudad in lateral view (Fig. 8 B); in ventral view (Fig. 8 D), each with its basal half expanded mesad and meeting its opposite under phallus. Inferior appendages long, evenly cylindrical, and constricted distally in blunt apices; basodorsal process of each appendage hooked, about 2 times as tall as wide, basally erect and then directed caudad, much larger and taller than basal setose lobe in lateral view (Fig. 8 B); in ventral view (Fig. 8 A), most of basal setose lobes visible, but basodorsal processes not visible. Phallus tubular, broad at base, without parameres (Fig. 8 E). The new species is very similar to P. gryphalis Mey 1996 from Vietnam. The male differs from that of P. gryphalis in the following characters: 1) The inferior appendages are long and evenly cylindrical, with narrow, round apices (broadly swollen in the basal half and with the distal half slender and sinuate in P. g r y p h a l i s); 2) the basodorsal process of each inferior appendage is thick, hooked, and much larger and taller than the basal setose lobe in lateral view, in ventral view most of the basal setose lobe is visible, (the basodorsal process is small, only as tall as the basal setose lobe in lateral view, in ventral view the basal setose lobe is not visible in P. gryphalis). Holotype male: Guang-xi Province: Tian-lin County, Mt. Ceng-wang-lao Forest Reserve, unnamed tributary of headwaters of Bu-liu River, waterfall at County Road 794 marker 37.9 km, N 24.4128 °, E 106.3821 °, alt. 1422 m, 0 8 June 2004, Coll. Yang L-f. and C.J.Geraci. Etymology. Greek prefix para, “beside, near,” with reference to the similarity of the male genitalia with those of P. gryphalis. Distribution. China (Guang-xi).

Plectrocnemia wui (Ulmer 1932) Polycentropus wui Ulmer 1932: 46 ���47, f. 12���13 (male); type locality: China (Bei-jing). Plectrocnemia wui (Ulmer); Martynov 1934: 213, 217, 335��� 336, f. 155 a���d, South Ussuri, Russia; Li 1998: 65���66, 336. Specimens examined. Hei-long-jiang Province: Yi-chun County, N 47.7 ��, E 128.9 ��, Wu-yi-ling, alt. 160 m, 31 July 1993, Coll. Sun C-h., 3 males; An-hui Province: Qi-men County, N 29.8 ��, E 117.7 ��, Peng-long Village, Xiangdong Hamlet, 27 September 2003, Coll. Shan L-n. and Sun C-h., 3 males; Bei-jing: N 39.9 ��, E 116.4 ��, Mt. Song, 19 June 2005, Coll. Zhou X., 12 males, 4 females; He-nan Province: Xi-xia County, Chen-yang-ping, Gu-yu, Kuiling River, 0 1 September 2002, Coll. Shan L-n. and Xie X-m., 1 male. Distribution. China (Bei-jing, Hei-long-jiang, He-nan, Zhe-jiang, An-hui); Russia, Korea, Japan., Published as part of Zhong, Hua, Yang, Lian-Fang & Morse, John C., 2012, The genus Plectrocnemia Stephens in China (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae), pp. 1-24 in Zootaxa 3489 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209646, {"references":["Ulmer, G. (1932) Aquatic insects of China. Article III. Neue Chinesische Trichopteren, Nebst Ubersicht Uber die Bisher aus China bekannten Arten. Peking Natural History Bulletin, 7, 39 - 74. (in German).","Martynov, A. V. (1934) Rucheiniki, Trichoptera Annulipalpia, I. In: Lindgolm, V. A. & Kuznedov, N. Ya. (Eds.), Analytical Tables of the Fauna of the USSR. Zoological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, Russia, 321 pp. (in Russian)."]}